Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL 22-1760
8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, September 1, 2022
Technical information: (202) 691-5606 • Productivity@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/productivity
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Second Quarter 2022, Revised
Nonfarm business sector labor productivity decreased 4.1 percent in the second quarter of 2022, the
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, as output decreased 1.4 percent and hours worked
increased 2.7 percent. (All quarterly percent changes in this release are seasonally adjusted annual rates.)
The 4.1-percent decrease in labor productivity reported today for the second quarter of 2022 is a 0.5-
percentage point upward revision from the preliminary estimate of a 4.6-percent decrease, primarily
driven by a 0.7-percentage point upward revision to output. From the same quarter a year ago, nonfarm
business sector labor productivity decreased 2.4 percent. This is the largest decline in the series, which
begins in the first quarter of 1948. (See table A1.)
Unit labor costs in the nonfarm business sector increased 10.2 percent in the second quarter of 2022,
reflecting a 5.7-percent increase in hourly compensation and a 4.1-percent decrease in productivity. Unit
labor costs increased 9.3 percent over the last four quarters. (See tables A1 and 2.) This is the largest
four-quarter increase in this measure since a 10.6-percent increase in the first quarter of 1982. BLS
calculates unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor productivity. Increases in hourly
compensation tend to increase unit labor costs and increases in productivity tend to reduce them.
Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index of real output by an index of
hours worked by all persons, including employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. The second
quarter of 2022 is the second consecutive quarter in which output per hour worked declined; labor
productivity fell 7.4 percent in the first quarter of 2022. The productivity declines over these two
quarters reduced the average annual productivity growth rate since the fourth quarter of 2019--the last
quarter not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic--to 0.6 percent in the nonfarm business sector. Output
and hours worked in the nonfarm business sector are now 3.1 percent and 1.5 percent above their fourth-
quarter 2019 levels, respectively.
Hourly compensation increased 5.7 percent in the nonfarm business sector in the second quarter of 2022.
Real hourly compensation, which takes into account changes in consumer prices, decreased 4.4 percent
in the second quarter of 2022, which followed a 4.4-percent decline in the first quarter of 2022. The
consumer price series, which is used to estimate real hourly compensation, grew 10.5 percent in the
second quarter of 2022, the largest increase since an 11.6-percent increase in the first quarter of 1981
(seasonally adjusted annual rates). See Footnote 2 for more information.
Manufacturing sector labor productivity increased 4.7 percent in the second quarter of 2022, as
output increased 4.0 percent and hours worked decreased 0.7 percent. In the durable manufacturing
sector, productivity increased 4.9 percent, with a 5.3-percent increase in output and a 0.4-percent
increase in hours worked. Nondurable manufacturing sector productivity increased 5.2 percent, as output
increased 2.7 percent and hours worked decreased 2.4 percent. Total manufacturing sector productivity
increased 0.2 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See tables A1, 3, 4, and 5.)
The manufacturing labor productivity index is 4.7 percent higher in second-quarter 2022 than in fourth-
quarter 2019, corresponding to an annual labor productivity growth rate of 1.9 percent during that
period. Manufacturing sector output is now 3.5 percent above its level in the fourth quarter of 2019, the
last quarter not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Hours worked in manufacturing remain 1.2
percent below the fourth-quarter 2019 level.
Unit labor costs in the total manufacturing sector decreased 0.2 percent in the second quarter of 2022,
reflecting a 4.5-percent increase in hourly compensation and a 4.7-percent increase in productivity.
Manufacturing unit labor costs increased 4.5 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See tables A1
and 3.)
The concepts, sources, and methods used for the manufacturing output series differ from those used in
the business and nonfarm business output series; these output measures are not directly comparable. See
the Technical Notes for a more detailed explanation.
Preliminary measures for the second quarter of 2022 were announced today for the nonfinancial
corporate sector. Productivity decreased 0.7 percent in the second quarter of 2022 as output increased
1.6 percent and hours worked increased 2.4 percent. Productivity decreased 0.6 percent over the last four
quarters. Unit profits of nonfinancial corporations increased at a 40.9-percent annual rate in the second
quarter of 2022 and increased 7.5 percent over the last four quarters. (See table 6.)
Revised measures
The measures released today are based on more recent source data than were available for the
preliminary report. Table B1 presents previous and revised productivity and related measures for the
business, nonfarm business, and manufacturing sectors for the second quarter of 2022.
In the second quarter of 2022, nonfarm business sector productivity decreased 4.1 percent--a 0.5-
percentage point upward revision from the preliminary estimate of a 4.6-percent decrease--reflecting a
0.7-percentage point upward revision to output and a 0.1-percentage point upward revision to hours
worked. Unit labor costs increased 10.2 percent rather than increasing 10.8 percent as previously
reported, reflecting a 0.5-percentage point upward revision to productivity; there was no revision to
hourly compensation for the second quarter of 2022.
Manufacturing sector productivity for the second quarter of 2022 was revised down to an increase of
4.7 percent from a previously reported increase of 5.5 percent. This revision stems mainly from durable
manufacturing sector productivity, which was revised down 1.2 percentage points to an increase of 4.9
percent; nondurable manufacturing sector productivity had a smaller downward revision of 0.2
percentage point to an increase of 5.2 percent. Total manufacturing unit labor costs decreased 0.2
percent in the second quarter of 2022 rather than decreasing 0.5 percent as previously reported.
Table B2 presents previous and revised productivity and related measures for the business, nonfarm
business, manufacturing, and nonfinancial corporate sectors for the first quarter of 2022.
In the first quarter of 2022, nonfarm business sector productivity and unit labor costs were not revised;
productivity fell 7.4 percent and unit labor costs increased 12.7 percent. Manufacturing sector
productivity was revised down 0.2 percentage point to a decrease of 1.2 percent. As a result, unit labor
costs were revised up 0.2 percentage point to an increase of 7.1 percent. In the nonfinancial corporate
sector, first-quarter 2022 productivity, unit labor costs, and unit profits were not revised. (See table 6.)
Complete quarterly and annual data series can be found on the Productivity and Costs home:
www.bls.gov/productivity/data-overview.htm.
______________
The preliminary Productivity and Costs news release for third-quarter 2022 is scheduled to be
released on Thursday, November 3, 2022 at 8:30 a.m. (ET).
=========================================================================================================================
Upcoming Revisions
Data in this release do not reflect the 2022 Annual Update of the National Income and Product Accounts
(NIPA) to be released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce on
September 29, 2022. This annual update will be incorporated in our release on November 3, 2022.
=========================================================================================================================
=========================================================================================================================
Upcoming methodology change
The BLS productivity program will introduce a new methodology for estimating hours worked for its
major sector Productivity and Costs news release on November 3, 2022. This new methodology uses all-
employee hours data from the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey as the main source of
data. The new methodology for estimating hours worked improves on the current methodology, which
uses the CES production and nonsupervisory employee hours data. For more information, see
www.bls.gov/productivity/technical-notes/labor-productivity-hours-worked-method-using-ces-all-
employee-hours-nov-2022.htm.
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=========================================================================================================================
Table A1. Labor productivity growth and related measures - revised second-quarter 2022
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate and from same quarter a year ago)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector Percent change from: productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business Previous quarter -4.1 -1.4 2.7 5.7 -4.4 10.2
A year ago -2.4 1.7 4.2 6.7 -1.7 9.3
Business Previous quarter -3.6 -1.4 2.3 6.1 -4.0 10.1
A year ago -2.3 1.6 4.0 6.9 -1.6 9.4
Manufacturing Previous quarter 4.7 4.0 -0.7 4.5 -5.5 -0.2
A Year ago 0.2 4.4 4.2 4.7 -3.6 4.5
Durable Previous quarter 4.9 5.3 0.4 4.9 -5.1 0.0
manufacturing A year ago 1.3 6.0 4.7 3.0 -5.2 1.7
Nondurable Previous quarter 5.2 2.7 -2.4 3.5 -6.4 -1.6
manufacturing A year ago -0.7 2.6 3.3 7.9 -0.6 8.6
=========================================================================================================================
=========================================================================================================================
Table A2. Labor productivity growth and related measures - preliminary second-quarter 2022
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate and from same quarter a year ago)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector Percent change from: productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfinancial Previous quarter -0.7 1.6 2.4 5.8 -4.2 6.6
corporate A year ago -0.6 3.6 4.2 7.3 -1.2 8.0
=========================================================================================================================
=========================================================================================================================
Table B1. Labor productivity growth and related measures - revised and previously published second-quarter 2022
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business Revised -4.1 -1.4 2.7 5.7 -4.4 10.2
Previously published -4.6 -2.1 2.6 5.7 -4.4 10.8
Business Revised -3.6 -1.4 2.3 6.1 -4.0 10.1
Previously published -4.0 -1.9 2.2 6.1 -4.0 10.6
Manufacturing Revised 4.7 4.0 -0.7 4.5 -5.5 -0.2
Previously published 5.5 4.3 -1.1 4.9 -5.1 -0.5
Durable Revised 4.9 5.3 0.4 4.9 -5.1 0.0
manufacturing Previously published 6.1 6.0 -0.1 5.3 -4.7 -0.7
Nondurable Revised 5.2 2.7 -2.4 3.5 -6.4 -1.6
manufacturing Previously published 5.4 2.6 -2.6 4.0 -5.9 -1.3
=========================================================================================================================
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Table B2. Labor productivity growth and related measures - revised and previously published first-quarter 2022
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business Revised -7.4 -2.5 5.3 4.4 -4.4 12.7
Previously published -7.4 -2.5 5.3 4.4 -4.4 12.7
Business Revised -7.7 -2.5 5.6 4.2 -4.6 12.8
Previously published -7.7 -2.5 5.6 4.2 -4.6 12.8
Manufacturing Revised -1.2 3.8 5.0 5.8 -3.1 7.1
Previously published -1.0 3.9 5.0 5.8 -3.1 6.9
Durable
manufacturing Revised -0.6 5.6 6.2 5.9 -3.0 6.5
Previously published -0.4 5.9 6.2 5.9 -3.0 6.3
Nondurable
manufacturing Revised -1.2 1.8 3.0 5.5 -3.4 6.8
Previously published -1.1 2.0 3.0 5.5 -3.4 6.6
Nonfinancial Revised -4.6 1.1 5.9 4.3 -4.4 9.3
corporate Previously published -4.6 1.1 5.9 4.3 -4.4 9.3
=========================================================================================================================
TECHNICAL NOTES
Labor Hours
Hours worked data for the labor productivity and cost measures include hours worked for all
persons working in the sector—wage and salary workers, the self-employed and unpaid family
workers. The primary source of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment
Statistics (CES) program, which provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by
wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments, counting a person who is employed by two
or more establishments at each place of employment. The CES also provides average weekly
paid hours of production and nonsupervisory workers in these establishments. Weekly paid hours
are adjusted to hours worked using data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS) for 1996
forward and data from the BLS Hours at Work survey, conducted for this purpose, prior to 1990.
Between 1990 and 1995, weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours at work using a combination of
NCS and Hours at Work survey data. The Office of Productivity and Technology estimates
average weekly hours at work for nonproduction and supervisory workers using information
from the Current Population Survey (CPS), the CES, and the NCS.
Data from the CPS are used to estimate hours worked for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and
nonfarm unpaid family workers. Using CPS information on employment and hours worked at
primary jobs and all other jobs, separately, the BLS productivity measures assign all hours
worked to the appropriate industrial sector. Hours for government enterprises are derived from
the CPS, the CES, and the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the Department of Commerce.
Detailed hours data are presented in the table “Hours Worked in Total U.S. Economy and
Subsectors” on the BLS website (www.bls.gov/productivity/tables/total-economy-hours-
employment.xlsx).
Output
Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index constructed after excluding from
gross domestic product (GDP) the following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions,
and private households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are
made in labor hours worked. Business output accounted for about 76 percent of the value of
GDP in 2021. Nonfarm business, which excludes farming, accounted for about 75 percent of
GDP in 2021.
Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods components are
constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of production data from the U.S. Bureau of
the Census with deflators from the BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS
Producer Price Index program and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using
annual weights, and intrasector transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing output
measures are based on the indexes of industrial production prepared monthly by the Board of
Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted to be consistent with annual indexes of
manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS.
Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index calculated on the basis of
the costs incurred and the incomes earned from production. The output measure excludes the
following outputs from GDP: general government; nonprofit institutions; private households;
unincorporated business; and those corporations classified as offices of bank holding companies,
offices of other holding companies, or offices in the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial
corporations accounted for about 51 percent of the value of GDP in 2021.
Labor Productivity
The measure describes the relationship between real output and the labor time involved in its
production. Measures of labor productivity growth show the changes from period to period in the
amount of goods and services produced per hour worked. They reflect the joint effects of many
influences, including changes in technology; capital investment; level of output; utilization of
capacity, energy, and materials; the organization of production; managerial skill; and the
characteristics and effort of the work force.
Labor Compensation
The measure includes accrued wages and salaries, supplements, employer contributions to
employee benefit plans, and taxes. Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for
measures of hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee
compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of employees in
general government, nonprofit institutions and private households are subtracted from
compensation of employees in domestic industries to derive employee compensation for the
business sector. The labor compensation of proprietors cannot be explicitly identified and must
be estimated. This is done by assuming that proprietors have the same hourly compensation as
employees in the same sector. The quarterly labor productivity and cost measures do not contain
estimates of compensation for unpaid family workers.
Unit Labor Costs
These measures describe the relationship between compensation per hour and labor productivity,
or real output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of inflationary pressure on producers.
Increases in hourly compensation increase unit labor costs; labor productivity increases offset
compensation increases and lower unit labor costs.
Presentation of the data
The quarterly data in this release are presented in three ways: as percent changes from the
previous quarter presented at a compound annual rate, as percent changes from the
corresponding quarter of the previous year, and as index number series where 2012=100. Annual
data are presented both as index number series and percent changes from the previous year.
The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and costs news release are
rounded to one decimal place. All percent changes in this release and on the BLS web site are
calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. A complete historical series of these
index numbers are available at the BLS web site, www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting
the BLS Division of Major Sector Productivity (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email
productivity@bls.gov).
For a more detailed explanation of methodology see the Handbook of Methods at
www.bls.gov/opub/hom/msp/home.htm.
If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access
telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted.
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor payments deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2022 II -3.6 r -1.4 r 2.3 r 6.1 -4.0 10.1 r 10.1 r 10.1 r
I -7.7 -2.5 5.6 4.2 -4.6 12.8 3.9 9.0
2021 ANNUAL 1.9 7.2 5.2 5.8 1.1 3.8 5.5 4.5
2021 IV 6.3 8.9 2.4 10.7 2.6 4.1 12.5 7.5
III -3.7 1.8 5.7 6.7 0.0 10.8 -0.1 6.2
II 3.4 8.2 4.6 9.6 1.4 6.0 9.1 7.3
I 2.1 8.2 5.9 -0.4 -4.3 -2.5 17.2 5.1
2020 ANNUAL 2.5 -4.2 -6.6 6.9 5.6 4.3 -4.8 0.4
2020 IV -3.4 6.1 9.8 9.9 7.5 13.8 -13.7 1.6
III 7.3 44.7 34.9 -3.8 -8.2 -10.4 32.5 5.1
II 9.3 -36.8 -42.2 20.8 25.0 10.6 -23.1 -4.6
I -1.8 -6.8 -5.1 8.6 7.2 10.6 -12.8 0.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2022 II -2.3 r 1.6 r 4.0 6.9 -1.6 9.4 r 6.5 r 8.2
I -0.6 4.0 4.6 7.8 -0.2 8.4 6.2 7.5
2021 ANNUAL 1.9 7.2 5.2 5.8 1.1 3.8 5.5 4.5
2021 IV 2.0 6.7 4.7 6.6 -0.1 4.5 9.5 6.5
III -0.5 6.0 6.5 6.4 1.1 6.8 2.5 5.0
II 2.3 15.8 13.2 3.6 -1.1 1.3 10.0 4.7
I 3.7 1.2 -2.4 6.2 4.2 2.4 0.7 1.7
2020 ANNUAL 2.5 -4.2 -6.6 6.9 5.6 4.3 -4.8 0.4
2020 IV 2.7 -2.5 -5.0 8.5 7.2 5.7 -6.4 0.5
III 3.9 -3.5 -7.1 7.3 6.0 3.3 -3.3 0.4
II 2.4 -11.3 -13.4 8.4 7.9 5.9 -9.2 -0.6
I 1.0 0.3 -0.7 3.6 1.5 2.6 -0.6 1.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2022 II 110.2 r 126.0 r 114.4 r 144.1 r 113.2 r 130.7 r 115.5 r 124.0 r
I 111.2 126.5 113.7 141.9 114.3 127.6 112.7 121.1
2021 ANNUAL 112.5 124.4 110.6 136.0 115.1 120.9 108.7 115.6
2021 IV 113.5 127.3 112.2 140.5 115.7 123.8 111.7 118.5
III 111.8 124.6 111.5 137.0 115.0 122.6 108.4 116.4
II 112.8 124.1 110.0 134.8 115.0 119.5 108.5 114.6
I 111.9 121.6 108.7 131.7 114.6 117.7 106.1 112.6
2020 ANNUAL 110.4 116.0 105.1 128.6 113.9 116.5 103.1 110.6
2020 IV 111.3 119.3 107.2 131.9 115.8 118.5 102.0 111.3
III 112.3 117.5 104.7 128.8 113.8 114.7 105.8 110.8
II 110.3 107.2 97.2 130.1 116.2 117.9 98.6 109.5
I 107.9 120.2 111.4 124.1 109.9 115.0 105.3 110.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. September 1, 2022
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and
prices, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor payments deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2022 II -4.1 r -1.4 r 2.7 r 5.7 -4.4 10.2 r 8.0 r 9.3 r
I -7.4 -2.5 5.3 4.4 -4.4 12.7 2.1 8.3
2021 ANNUAL 1.9 7.4 5.4 5.6 0.9 3.7 4.6 4.0
2021 IV 6.3 9.0 2.5 10.5 2.4 3.9 13.7 7.8
III -3.9 2.0 6.2 6.3 -0.4 10.6 -0.4 6.0
II 3.2 8.5 5.1 9.2 1.1 5.8 6.6 6.1
I 2.2 8.4 6.1 -0.6 -4.5 -2.7 16.5 4.6
2020 ANNUAL 2.4 -4.4 -6.7 7.0 5.7 4.5 -4.9 0.4
2020 IV -2.8 6.2 9.2 10.6 8.2 13.8 -15.3 0.9
III 6.2 44.6 36.2 -4.7 -9.1 -10.3 31.3 4.7
II 10.3 -36.9 -42.7 21.6 25.8 10.3 -21.6 -3.9
I -2.5 -7.4 -5.0 8.7 7.3 11.5 -13.4 0.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2022 II -2.4 r 1.7 r 4.2 r 6.7 -1.7 9.3 r 5.7 r 7.8
I -0.6 4.1 4.8 7.6 -0.4 8.2 5.3 7.0
2021 ANNUAL 1.9 7.4 5.4 5.6 0.9 3.7 4.6 4.0
2021 IV 1.9 6.9 4.9 6.3 -0.4 4.3 8.9 6.1
III -0.4 6.2 6.6 6.3 1.0 6.7 1.2 4.4
II 2.2 15.9 13.5 3.4 -1.3 1.2 8.4 4.1
I 3.9 1.3 -2.5 6.2 4.3 2.3 0.4 1.5
2020 ANNUAL 2.4 -4.4 -6.7 7.0 5.7 4.5 -4.9 0.4
2020 IV 2.7 -2.7 -5.2 8.6 7.3 5.8 -6.8 0.4
III 3.7 -3.7 -7.1 7.3 6.0 3.4 -3.3 0.5
II 2.5 -11.5 -13.6 8.7 8.2 6.0 -9.0 -0.4
I 0.9 0.2 -0.7 3.7 1.6 2.7 -0.8 1.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2022 II 109.9 r 125.9 r 114.6 r 144.0 r 113.2 131.1 r 114.3 r 123.8 r
I 111.0 126.4 113.9 142.1 114.4 128.0 112.1 121.1
2021 ANNUAL 112.2 124.2 110.7 136.2 115.2 121.4 108.6 115.8
2021 IV 113.2 127.2 112.4 140.6 115.7 124.2 111.5 118.7
III 111.4 124.5 111.7 137.1 115.0 123.0 108.0 116.5
II 112.6 123.9 110.0 135.0 115.2 119.9 108.1 114.8
I 111.7 121.4 108.7 132.1 114.8 118.3 106.4 113.1
2020 ANNUAL 110.1 115.7 105.1 128.9 114.1 117.1 103.8 111.3
2020 IV 111.1 118.9 107.1 132.2 116.2 119.1 102.4 111.8
III 111.8 117.2 104.8 129.0 113.9 115.3 106.8 111.6
II 110.2 106.9 97.0 130.5 116.7 118.5 99.8 110.3
I 107.5 119.9 111.5 124.3 110.2 115.6 106.0 111.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. September 1, 2022
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2022 II 4.7 r 4.0 r -0.7 r 4.5 r -5.5 r -0.2 r
I -1.2 r 3.8 r 5.0 5.8 -3.1 7.1 r
2021 ANNUAL 2.6 5.8 3.2 4.5 -0.1 1.9
2021 IV -0.2 5.9 6.1 9.6 1.6 9.8
III -2.5 3.8 6.4 -0.8 -7.0 1.7
II 9.4 5.7 -3.3 11.3 2.9 1.7
I -1.5 2.6 4.2 0.2 -3.8 1.7
2020 ANNUAL 0.2 -6.7 -6.8 7.0 5.7 6.8
2020 IV 0.4 8.3 7.8 10.3 7.9 9.8
III 17.8 53.0 29.9 -11.4 -15.4 -24.8
II -8.3 -43.2 -38.0 27.2 31.5 38.6
I 2.0 -5.4 -7.3 8.0 6.6 5.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2022 II 0.2 r 4.4 r 4.2 r 4.7 r -3.6 r 4.5 r
I 1.3 4.8 3.5 6.4 -1.5 5.0
2021 ANNUAL 2.6 5.8 3.2 4.5 -0.1 1.9
2021 IV 1.2 4.5 3.3 4.9 -1.7 3.7
III 1.4 5.1 3.7 5.1 -0.2 3.7
II 6.3 15.8 9.0 2.2 -2.5 -3.9
I 1.7 -0.8 -2.5 5.6 3.7 3.9
2020 ANNUAL 0.2 -6.7 -6.8 7.0 5.7 6.8
2020 IV 2.6 -2.8 -5.3 7.6 6.3 4.9
III 1.9 -5.4 -7.2 6.9 5.6 4.9
II -2.6 -15.2 -12.9 10.0 9.5 13.0
I -1.3 -3.2 -1.9 3.7 1.6 5.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2022 II 99.0 r 103.8 r 104.9 r 135.4 r 106.3 r 136.8 r
I 97.8 r 102.8 r 105.1 133.9 107.9 136.9 r
2021 ANNUAL 97.9 100.0 102.1 129.1 109.2 131.8
2021 IV 98.1 101.8 103.8 132.0 108.7 134.6
III 98.2 100.4 102.3 129.0 108.3 131.4
II 98.8 99.5 100.7 129.3 110.3 130.9
I 96.6 98.1 101.6 125.9 109.5 130.3
2020 ANNUAL 95.4 94.5 99.0 123.5 109.3 129.4
2020 IV 97.0 97.5 100.5 125.8 110.5 129.8
III 96.8 95.5 98.7 122.8 108.5 126.8
II 93.0 85.9 92.4 126.6 113.1 136.2
I 95.0 98.9 104.2 119.2 105.6 125.5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. September 1, 2022
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor
costs, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2022 II 4.9 r 5.3 r 0.4 r 4.9 r -5.1 r 0.0 r
I -0.6 r 5.6 r 6.2 5.9 -3.0 6.5 r
2021 ANNUAL 5.1 8.1 2.9 4.1 -0.5 -0.9
2021 IV 2.1 6.5 4.3 10.3 2.2 8.0
III -1.2 6.7 8.0 -8.2 -14.0 -7.1
II 7.5 1.0 -6.1 13.9 5.4 6.0
I 0.3 6.4 6.1 1.2 -2.8 0.9
2020 ANNUAL 0.1 -8.0 -8.2 7.0 5.7 6.9
2020 IV 2.9 9.1 5.9 12.3 9.9 9.1
III 42.7 93.7 35.7 -15.4 -19.3 -40.7
II -18.4 -53.1 -42.5 28.9 33.4 58.0
I -0.5 -8.5 -8.0 7.4 6.0 7.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2022 II 1.3 r 6.0 r 4.7 r 3.0 r -5.2 r 1.7 r
I 1.9 r 4.9 r 3.0 5.1 -2.6 3.2 r
2021 ANNUAL 5.1 8.1 2.9 4.1 -0.5 -0.9
2021 IV 2.1 5.1 2.9 3.9 -2.6 1.8
III 2.3 5.7 3.3 4.4 -0.8 2.0
II 12.2 22.7 9.4 2.3 -2.4 -8.8
I 4.7 1.3 -3.2 5.5 3.6 0.8
2020 ANNUAL 0.1 -8.0 -8.2 7.0 5.7 6.9
2020 IV 4.5 -2.4 -6.6 7.1 5.8 2.5
III 3.3 -5.3 -8.3 6.7 5.4 3.3
II -6.0 -20.1 -15.1 10.8 10.3 17.9
I -1.6 -4.3 -2.8 4.0 1.8 5.7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2022 II 103.5 r 107.2 r 103.6 r 134.8 r 105.9 r 130.2 r
I 102.3 r 105.9 r 103.4 133.2 107.3 130.2 r
2021 ANNUAL 101.8 102.3 100.5 129.3 109.3 127.0
2021 IV 102.5 104.4 101.9 131.3 108.1 128.1
III 101.9 102.8 100.8 128.1 107.5 125.7
II 102.3 101.1 98.9 130.9 111.6 128.0
I 100.4 100.9 100.5 126.7 110.2 126.2
2020 ANNUAL 96.8 94.6 97.7 124.1 109.9 128.2
2020 IV 100.4 99.3 99.0 126.3 111.0 125.9
III 99.6 97.2 97.6 122.7 108.4 123.2
II 91.2 82.4 90.4 128.0 114.3 140.4
I 95.9 99.6 103.8 120.1 106.4 125.2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. September 1, 2022
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor
costs, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2022 II 5.2 r 2.7 r -2.4 r 3.5 r -6.4 r -1.6 r
I -1.2 r 1.8 r 3.0 5.5 -3.4 6.8 r
2021 ANNUAL -0.2 3.5 3.6 5.3 0.6 5.5
2021 IV -3.5 5.1 9.0 8.7 0.7 12.7
III -2.9 0.8 3.8 14.1 6.9 17.5
II 9.8 11.2 1.3 7.2 -0.8 -2.3
I -2.4 -1.3 1.1 -2.2 -6.0 0.2
2020 ANNUAL -0.4 -4.9 -4.5 7.3 6.0 7.7
2020 IV -2.9 7.7 10.9 7.0 4.7 10.2
III -0.9 19.8 21.0 -4.4 -8.8 -3.5
II -1.0 -30.7 -30.0 26.3 30.6 27.6
I 4.6 -1.8 -6.1 9.5 8.1 4.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2022 II -0.7 r 2.6 3.3 r 7.9 r -0.6 r 8.6
I 0.4 4.7 4.2 8.8 0.8 8.4
2021 ANNUAL -0.2 3.5 3.6 5.3 0.6 5.5
2021 IV 0.1 3.9 3.8 6.8 0.1 6.7
III 0.3 4.5 4.2 6.4 1.1 6.1
II 0.8 9.1 8.3 1.8 -2.9 1.0
I -1.8 -3.0 -1.3 6.0 4.1 8.0
2020 ANNUAL -0.4 -4.9 -4.5 7.3 6.0 7.7
2020 IV -0.1 -3.2 -3.1 9.1 7.8 9.1
III -0.1 -5.4 -5.3 7.6 6.3 7.8
II -0.3 -9.5 -9.2 9.1 8.6 9.5
I -1.1 -1.5 -0.4 3.6 1.4 4.7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2022 II 97.6 r 104.6 r 107.2 r 136.9 r 107.5 r 140.3 r
I 96.3 r 103.9 r 107.8 135.7 109.3 140.8 r
2021 ANNUAL 97.1 101.7 104.8 129.1 109.2 133.1
2021 IV 96.6 103.4 107.0 133.9 110.2 138.6
III 97.5 102.1 104.8 131.1 110.0 134.5
II 98.2 101.9 103.8 126.9 108.2 129.2
I 96.0 99.3 103.4 124.7 108.4 129.9
2020 ANNUAL 97.2 98.3 101.1 122.6 108.6 126.1
2020 IV 96.5 99.6 103.2 125.4 110.1 129.9
III 97.2 97.7 100.5 123.2 108.9 126.7
II 97.5 93.4 95.8 124.7 111.4 127.9
I 97.7 102.4 104.8 117.6 104.2 120.3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. September 1, 2022
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs,
unit profits, and prices, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Total Implicit
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor unit Unit price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor costs costs profits deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2022 II -0.7 1.6 2.4 5.8 -4.2 6.6 10.5 7.8 40.9 12.2
I -4.6 1.1 5.9 4.3 -4.4 9.3 26.6 14.3 -2.1 11.7
2021 ANNUAL 4.6 9.7 4.9 5.3 0.6 0.7 4.7 1.9 23.0 4.6
2021 IV 1.1 5.0 3.9 9.8 1.8 8.7 24.0 13.0 -3.7 10.2
III 1.8 6.7 4.8 9.2 2.3 7.2 14.4 9.3 0.4 7.8
II 1.6 5.7 4.1 9.3 1.1 7.6 -14.4 0.7 58.8 7.9
I 3.2 8.9 5.6 -1.8 -5.6 -4.8 18.7 1.6 30.0 5.1
2020 ANNUAL 2.2 -4.2 -6.2 6.9 5.5 4.6 -10.6 -0.2 2.4 0.1
2020 IV 17.1 28.4 9.6 8.4 6.1 -7.4 53.3 6.3 -31.4 -0.2
III -0.3 31.7 32.1 -5.2 -9.5 -4.9 -21.4 -9.6 206.1 6.2
II 2.7 -39.0 -40.6 23.7 28.0 20.5 -49.3 -6.5 -9.1 -6.8
I 0.7 -3.3 -4.0 7.4 6.0 6.6 4.2 5.8 -35.4 -0.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2022 II -0.6 3.6 4.2 7.3 -1.2 8.0 18.7 11.0 7.5 10.5
I -0.1 4.6 4.7 8.1 0.2 8.2 11.4 9.2 10.7 9.4
2021 ANNUAL 4.6 9.7 4.9 5.3 0.6 0.7 4.7 1.9 23.0 4.6
2021 IV 1.9 6.6 4.6 6.5 -0.2 4.5 9.6 6.0 18.9 7.7
III 5.7 12.1 6.0 6.2 0.9 0.4 15.5 4.4 9.2 5.1
II 5.2 18.1 12.3 2.5 -2.2 -2.5 5.2 -0.4 44.3 4.7
I 5.5 3.0 -2.4 5.7 3.8 0.2 -7.7 -2.3 25.5 1.0
2020 ANNUAL 2.2 -4.2 -6.2 6.9 5.5 4.6 -10.6 -0.2 2.4 0.1
2020 IV 4.8 -0.1 -4.7 8.1 6.8 3.1 -10.7 -1.2 5.4 -0.4
III 1.3 -5.6 -6.8 7.1 5.8 5.8 -20.3 -2.5 18.3 0.1
II 1.5 -11.6 -12.9 8.8 8.4 7.3 -14.2 0.4 -10.0 -0.9
I 1.0 0.4 -0.6 3.7 1.5 2.6 2.1 2.4 -4.9 1.5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2012=100
2022 II 112.3 128.1 114.1 146.0 114.7 130.1 115.0 125.1 137.3 126.8
I 112.5 127.6 113.4 144.0 116.0 128.0 112.2 122.7 126.1 123.2
2021 ANNUAL 113.3 124.7 110.1 137.8 116.5 121.6 100.9 114.7 124.1 116.1
2021 IV 113.8 127.2 111.8 142.5 117.3 125.2 105.7 118.7 126.7 119.9
III 113.5 125.7 110.8 139.2 116.8 122.6 100.2 115.1 127.9 117.0
II 113.0 123.7 109.5 136.1 116.1 120.5 96.9 112.6 127.8 114.8
I 112.6 122.0 108.4 133.1 115.8 118.3 100.7 112.4 113.8 112.6
2020 ANNUAL 108.3 113.7 105.0 130.8 115.8 120.8 96.3 112.6 100.9 111.0
2020 IV 111.7 119.4 106.9 133.7 117.5 119.8 96.5 112.0 106.6 111.2
III 107.4 112.2 104.5 131.1 115.8 122.1 86.7 110.3 117.2 111.3
II 107.4 104.7 97.5 132.8 118.7 123.6 92.1 113.1 88.6 109.6
I 106.7 118.5 111.0 125.9 111.6 118.0 109.1 115.0 90.7 111.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. September 1, 2022
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census Bureau of the U.S.
Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal
Reserve Board. Hours and compensation data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of
Economic Analysis.
SIZE OF REVISIONS: Productivity and cost measures are revised on a regular schedule as more
complete data become available. The first estimate is published within 40 days of the close of the
reference quarter, the second estimate approximately 30 days later, and the third estimate approximately
60 days after the second estimate. Based on past revisions, the third estimate of nonfarm business sector
quarterly labor productivity growth has differed from the first estimate by -1.1 to +1.4 percentage point
about 80 percent of the time. This interval is based on estimates for reference quarters from the first
quarter of 2001 to the first quarter of 2022. For more about revisions to labor productivity growth see
“How large are revisions to estimates of quarterly labor productivity growth?” at
www.bls.gov/osmr/research-papers/2021/ec210040.htm.
Table Footnotes
(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private
benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include
an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-employed.
(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers
(CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2021 is based on the Consumer Price Index Retroactive series (CPI-U-
RS).
(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and
imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments,
rental income of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.
(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.
(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is calculated using index numbers to
three decimal places. Indexes published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for
convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual indexes to three decimal
places.
(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and imports less
subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, and business current transfer payments.
(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.
(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory valuation and capital consumption
adjustment.
United States Department of Labor
