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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-13-1802 8:30 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, September 5, 2013 Technical information: (202) 691-5606 dprweb@bls.gov www.bls.gov/lpc Media contact (202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS Second Quarter 2013, Revised Nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased at a 2.3 percent annual rate during the second quarter of 2013, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The increase in productivity reflects increases of 3.7 percent in output and 1.4 percent in hours worked. (All quarterly percent changes in this release are seasonally adjusted annual rates.) From the second quarter of 2012 to the second quarter of 2013, productivity increased 0.3 percent as output and hours worked rose 2.1 percent and 1.7 percent, respectively. (See table A.) Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index of real output by an index of hours worked of all persons, including employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. The measures released today were based on more recent source data than were available for the preliminary report. Unit labor costs in nonfarm businesses were unchanged in the second quarter of 2013, as hourly compensation increased at the same 2.3 percent rate as productivity. Unit labor costs rose 1.5 percent over the last four quarters. (See table A.) BLS defines unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor productivity; increases in hourly compensation tend to increase unit labor costs and increases in output per hour tend to reduce them. Manufacturing sector productivity rose 1.9 percent in the second quarter of 2013, as output declined 0.6 percent and hours worked declined 2.4 percent. Productivity increased 3.3 percent in the durable goods sector and 0.2 percent in the nondurable goods sector. Over the last four quarters, manufacturing productivity increased 1.9 percent, as output increased 1.9 percent and hours were unchanged. Unit labor costs in manufacturing rose 2.3 percent in the second quarter of 2013 and decreased 0.5 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See tables A and 3.) Preliminary second-quarter 2013 measures of productivity and costs were announced for the nonfinancial corporate sector. Productivity increased 3.2 percent in the second quarter of 2013, as output and hours rose 4.8 percent and 1.5 percent, respectively. Unit labor costs fell 0.9 percent, as the 2.3 percent gain in hourly compensation was less than the 3.2 percent gain in productivity. (See tables C and 6.) The concepts, sources, and methods used for the manufacturing and nonfinancial corporate output series differ from those used in the business and nonfarm business output series; these output measures are not directly comparable. See Technical Notes for a more detailed explanation. Revised measures The measures released today are based on more recent source data than were available for the preliminary report. Tables B and C present previous and revised productivity and related measures for the major sectors: nonfarm business, business, and manufacturing, as well as nonfinancial corporations. In the second quarter of 2013, nonfarm business productivity increased 2.3 percent, rather than 0.9 percent as reported August 16. The revised figure reflects both an upward revision to output and a downward revision to hours worked. Unit labor costs were revised down due solely to the upward revision to productivity. In the manufacturing sector, productivity growth was revised down due to a downward revision to output and an upward revision to hours. Due to the downward revision to productivity, unit labor costs increased more than previously reported, 2.3 percent. In the first quarter of 2013, nonfarm business productivity was unrevised, and manufacturing productivity was revised down slightly from the August 16 release. In the nonfarm business sector, hourly compensation and unit labor costs decreased less than previously reported. In the nonfinancial corporate sector, productivity, output, and unit labor costs were subject to revisions for the full period of these series, which begin in 1947. Measures of output and compensation for the nonfinancial corporate (NFC) sector now incorporate the revised National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) data released on July 31 and corrected on August 15 by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. Hours were also revised for the NFC sector for 2001 forward, to include revised NIPA data on the proportion of sector compensation paid to employees of corporations and of nonprofit institutions. Also, all index measures for the NFC sector have been converted to a base year of 2009. A new base generally has little or no effect on percent changes. Historical revisions to measures for all other sectors due to the NIPA revision and BLS base year change were published with the August 16, 2013 release of Productivity and Costs. In the first quarter of 2013, nonfinancial corporate sector productivity declined 4.1 percent, rather than increasing 0.3 percent as reported June 5. Unit labor costs declined 2.1 percent in the first quarter, compared to the 1.5 percent decrease published June 5. Annual Average productivity growth for 2012 in the nonfinancial corporate sector was revised to 1.4 percent from 0.7 percent due to an upward revision to output. For the full series from 1947 to 2012, the average annual rate of growth is 2.4 percent, slightly higher than the 2.3 percent rate published June 5. Revised quarterly and annual series for recent years for all sectors appear in tables 1-6. Revised annual indexes for the NFC sector for all years appear in appendix table 1. Full historical annual and quarterly measures can be found on the productivity and costs home page http://www.bls.gov/lpc/#data. ______________ The preliminary Productivity and Costs press release for third-quarter 2013 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, November 6, 2013 at 8:30 a.m. (EST). ====================================================================================================== Table A. Revised second-quarter 2013 measures: percent change from previous quarter, at annual rate (Q to Q) and from same quarter a year ago (Y to Y) Sector Nonfarm Durable Nondurable Business Business Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Productivity 2.3 0.3 2.1 0.7 1.9 1.9 3.3 2.6 0.2 1.1 Output 3.7 2.1 3.4 2.1 -0.6 1.9 0.5 2.6 -1.9 1.0 Hours 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.5 -2.4 0.0 -2.7 0.0 -2.1 -0.1 Hourly compensation 2.3 1.8 2.4 2.1 4.2 1.4 4.6 1.2 3.4 1.8 Real hourly compensation 2.3 0.3 2.5 0.6 4.2 0.0 4.7 -0.2 3.4 0.4 Unit labor costs 0.0 1.5 0.4 1.4 2.3 -0.5 1.3 -1.4 3.2 0.7 ====================================================================================================== Table B. Revised and previous measures: second quarter and first quarter 2013 Sector Nonfarm Durable Nondurable Business Business Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Percent change, annual rate, second quarter 2013 Productivity 2.3 0.9 2.1 0.7 1.9 2.7 3.3 4.5 0.2 0.7 Output 3.7 2.6 3.4 2.3 -0.6 0.1 0.5 1.5 -1.9 -1.5 Hours 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.6 -2.4 -2.6 -2.7 -2.9 -2.1 -2.1 Hourly compensation 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.6 3.4 3.5 Real hourly compensation 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.4 4.2 4.2 4.7 4.6 3.4 3.5 Unit labor costs 0.0 1.4 0.4 1.7 2.3 1.4 1.3 0.1 3.2 2.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Percent change, annual rate, first quarter 2013 Productivity -1.7 -1.7 0.4 0.4 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.8 4.4 4.7 Output -0.3 -0.3 1.4 1.4 5.4 5.6 6.4 6.5 4.3 4.5 Hours 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.6 2.6 2.6 -0.2 -0.2 Hourly compensation -5.2 -5.9 -4.6 -5.3 -0.7 0.6 -1.2 0.9 0.2 -0.4 Real hourly compensation -6.6 -7.3 -6.0 -6.7 -2.1 -0.9 -2.7 -0.6 -1.3 -1.8 Unit labor costs -3.5 -4.2 -4.9 -5.6 -4.2 -3.2 -4.7 -2.8 -4.0 -4.8 ====================================================================================================== Table C. Nonfinancial corporations: preliminary second quarter and revised first quarter 2013 Real Hourly hourly Unit Implicit Produc- compen- compen- labor Unit price tivity Output Hours sation sation costs profits deflator ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Percent change, annual rate, second quarter 2013 Q to Q 3.2 4.8 1.5 2.3 2.3 -0.9 12.7 -0.2 Y to Y 0.1 1.9 1.8 1.0 -0.4 0.9 3.5 1.2 Percent change, annual rate, first quarter 2013 Revised -4.1 -1.3 2.9 -6.1 -7.5 -2.1 0.3 1.3 Previous 0.3 3.3 3.0 -1.2 -2.7 -1.5 -6.3 -0.2 ======================================================================================================
TECHNICAL NOTES Labor Hours: Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures include hours for all persons working in the sector--wage and salary workers, the self-employed and unpaid family workers. The primary source of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, which provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments. The CES also provides average weekly paid hours of production and nonsupervisory workers in these establishments. Weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours at work using data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS). The BLS Hours at Work survey, conducted for this purpose, was used for earlier years. The Office of Productivity and Technology estimates average weekly hours at work for nonproduction and supervisory workers using information from the Current Population Survey (CPS), the CES, and the NCS. Data from the CPS are used for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and nonfarm unpaid family workers. Estimates of labor input for government enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the Department of Commerce. The CES measures jobs, counting a person who is employed by two or more establishments at each place of employment. In contrast, the CPS features measures of employment that count each person only once and classify each person according to his or her primary job; hours worked at all jobs by that person accrue to his or her primary job. However, the CPS also collects more detailed information on employment and hours worked at primary jobs and all other jobs, separately. The BLS productivity measures use the more detailed information on employment and hours to assign all hours worked to the correct industrial sector and avoid duplicating hours data from the CES. Output: Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index constructed after excluding from gross domestic product (GDP) the following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, and private households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are made in labor inputs. Business output accounted for about 75 percent of the value of GDP in 2012. Nonfarm business, which excludes farming, accounted for about 74 percent of GDP in 2012. Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods components are constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with deflators from the BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price program and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual weights, and intrasector transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing output measures are based on the index of industrial production prepared monthly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted to be consistent with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS. Durables include the following 3-digit NAICS industries: wood product manufacturing; nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing; primary metal manufacturing; fabricated metal product manufacturing; machinery manufacturing; computer and electronic product manufacturing; electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing; transportation equipment manufacturing; furniture and related product manufacturing; and miscellaneous manufacturing. Nondurables include: food manufacturing; beverage and tobacco product manufacturing; textile mills; textile product mills; apparel manufacturing; leather and allied product manufacturing; paper manufacturing; printing and related support activities; petroleum and coal products manufacturing; chemical manufacturing; and plastics and rubber products manufacturing. Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index calculated on the basis of the costs incurred and the incomes earned from production. The output measure excludes the following outputs from GDP: general government; nonprofit institutions; private households; unincorporated business; and those corporations classified as offices of bank holding companies, offices of other holding companies, or offices in the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted for about 49 percent of the value of GDP in 2012. Productivity: These productivity measures describe the relationship between real output and the labor time involved in its production. They show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services produced per hour. Although these measures relate output to hours at work of all persons engaged in a sector, they do not measure the specific contribution of labor, capital, or any other factor of production. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including changes in technology; capital investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials; the organization of production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and effort of the work force. Labor Compensation: The measure includes accrued wages and salaries, supplements, employer contributions to employee benefit plans, and taxes. Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for measures of hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of employees in general government, nonprofit institutions and private households are subtracted from compensation of domestic employees to derive employee compensation for the business sector. The labor compensation of proprietors cannot be explicitly identified and must be estimated. This is done by assuming that proprietors have the same hourly compensation as employees in the same sector. The quarterly labor productivity and cost measures do not contain estimates of compensation for unpaid family workers. Unit Labor Costs: The measures of unit labor costs in this release describe the relationship between compensation per hour and productivity, or real output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of inflationary pressure on producers. Increases in hourly compensation increase unit labor costs; labor productivity increases offset compensation increases and lower unit labor costs. Presentation of the data: The quarterly data in this release are presented in three ways: as percent changes from the previous quarter presented at a compound annual rate, as percent changes from the corresponding quarter of the previous year, and as index number series where 2009=100. Annual data are presented both as index number series and percent changes from the previous year. The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and costs news release are rounded to one decimal place. All percent changes in this release and on the BLS web site are calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. These index numbers are available at the BLS web site, www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the BLS Division of Major Sector Productivity. (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email DPRWEB@BLS.GOV) Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay Service number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted Real Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5) 2013 II 2.1 r 3.4 r 1.3 r 2.4 2.5 r 0.4 r 0.8 r 0.5 I 0.4 1.4 1.0 -4.6 r -6.0 r -4.9 r 11.4 r 1.8 2012 ANNUAL 1.4 3.6 2.2 2.6 0.5 1.2 2.6 1.8 2012 IV -1.9 0.2 2.1 10.2 7.8 12.2 -11.5 1.2 III 2.1 3.6 1.4 0.8 -1.2 -1.3 7.4 2.5 II 1.3 1.6 0.3 1.9 0.9 0.6 3.9 2.0 I 1.3 4.9 3.5 8.8 6.3 7.4 -5.4 1.6 2011 ANNUAL 0.4 2.4 2.0 2.4 -0.7 2.0 2.3 2.1 2011 IV 3.3 6.4 2.9 -4.5 -5.9 -7.6 12.4 0.7 III -0.1 1.8 1.9 2.6 -0.3 2.8 3.0 2.9 II 1.6 4.1 2.4 -0.7 -5.1 -2.3 9.8 2.7 I -3.3 -1.9 1.4 6.3 1.8 10.0 -8.4 1.7 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year 2013 II 0.7 r 2.1 r 1.5 2.1 r 0.6 r 1.4 r 1.6 r 1.5 I 0.5 1.7 1.2 1.9 r 0.2 r 1.5 r 2.4 r 1.9 2012 ANNUAL 1.4 3.6 2.2 2.6 0.5 1.2 2.6 1.8 2012 IV 0.7 2.6 1.8 5.3 3.4 4.6 -1.7 1.8 III 2.0 4.1 2.0 1.6 -0.1 -0.4 4.4 1.7 II 1.4 3.6 2.2 2.1 0.2 0.6 3.3 1.8 I 1.5 4.3 2.7 1.4 -1.4 -0.1 4.7 2.0 2011 ANNUAL 0.4 2.4 2.0 2.4 -0.7 2.0 2.3 2.1 2011 IV 0.3 2.5 2.2 0.8 -2.4 0.5 3.9 2.0 III -0.1 1.9 1.9 2.5 -1.2 2.5 2.3 2.4 II 0.6 2.5 1.9 2.5 -0.9 1.8 2.6 2.2 I 0.6 2.7 2.1 3.8 1.7 3.2 0.1 1.9 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Indexes 2009=100 2013 II 105.7 r 111.4 r 105.3 r 108.7 r 100.5 r 102.8 r 111.5 r 106.5 r I 105.2 110.5 105.0 108.1 r 99.9 r 102.7 r 111.3 r 106.3 2012 ANNUAL 105.1 109.4 104.1 107.2 100.1 102.0 109.6 105.2 2012 IV 105.1 110.1 104.7 109.4 101.4 104.1 108.3 105.8 III 105.6 110.0 104.2 106.7 99.5 101.1 111.7 105.5 II 105.0 109.1 103.8 106.5 99.9 101.4 109.7 104.9 I 104.7 108.6 103.7 106.0 99.6 101.3 108.6 104.4 2011 ANNUAL 103.6 105.6 101.9 104.4 99.6 100.8 106.8 103.3 2011 IV 104.4 107.3 102.9 103.8 98.1 99.5 110.2 104.0 III 103.5 105.7 102.1 105.0 99.6 101.5 107.0 103.8 II 103.5 105.2 101.6 104.4 99.7 100.8 106.2 103.0 I 103.1 104.2 101.0 104.5 101.0 101.4 103.7 102.4 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes following Table 6. September 5, 2013 r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted Real Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5) 2013 II 2.3 r 3.7 r 1.4 r 2.3 2.3 0.0 r 2.4 r 1.0 I -1.7 -0.3 1.5 -5.2 r -6.6 r -3.5 r 6.8 r 0.7 2012 ANNUAL 1.5 3.7 2.2 2.6 0.5 1.2 2.7 1.8 2012 IV -1.7 0.7 2.4 9.9 7.5 11.8 -12.0 0.8 III 2.5 4.1 1.6 0.7 -1.3 -1.8 7.7 2.2 II 1.2 1.6 0.4 1.9 0.9 0.7 4.0 2.1 I 1.5 5.0 3.4 9.0 6.5 7.4 -5.5 1.6 2011 ANNUAL 0.5 2.5 2.0 2.5 -0.7 2.0 1.4 1.7 2011 IV 2.9 5.9 2.9 -4.6 -5.9 -7.3 13.3 1.1 III 0.0 1.7 1.7 3.0 0.0 3.0 2.3 2.7 II 1.9 4.7 2.8 -1.1 -5.4 -2.9 10.1 2.4 I -3.2 -2.1 1.2 6.6 2.1 10.2 -10.3 0.9 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year 2013 II 0.3 r 2.1 r 1.7 r 1.8 r 0.3 r 1.5 r 0.9 r 1.2 I 0.0 1.5 1.5 1.7 r 0.0 r 1.6 r 1.3 r 1.5 2012 ANNUAL 1.5 3.7 2.2 2.6 0.5 1.2 2.7 1.8 2012 IV 0.9 2.8 1.9 5.3 3.3 4.4 -1.8 1.7 III 2.0 4.1 2.1 1.6 0.0 -0.4 4.6 1.8 II 1.4 3.5 2.1 2.2 0.3 0.8 3.3 1.9 I 1.6 4.3 2.7 1.5 -1.3 -0.1 4.8 1.9 2011 ANNUAL 0.5 2.5 2.0 2.5 -0.7 2.0 1.4 1.7 2011 IV 0.4 2.5 2.1 0.9 -2.4 0.5 3.4 1.8 III 0.2 2.1 1.9 2.6 -1.1 2.4 1.4 2.0 II 0.7 2.7 1.9 2.4 -0.9 1.7 1.7 1.7 I 0.6 2.7 2.1 4.0 1.8 3.3 -0.9 1.5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Indexes 2009=100 2013 II 105.5 r 111.4 r 105.6 r 108.7 r 100.4 r 103.0 r 109.4 r 105.6 r I 104.9 110.4 105.2 108.0 r 99.8 r 103.0 r 108.7 r 105.4 2012 ANNUAL 105.3 109.7 104.1 107.4 100.3 102.0 108.3 104.6 2012 IV 105.4 110.5 104.8 109.5 101.5 103.9 107.0 105.2 III 105.8 110.3 104.2 106.9 99.7 101.1 110.4 105.0 II 105.2 109.2 103.8 106.8 100.1 101.5 108.4 104.4 I 104.8 108.7 103.7 106.3 99.8 101.3 107.4 103.8 2011 ANNUAL 103.8 105.7 101.9 104.6 99.7 100.8 105.5 102.7 2011 IV 104.4 107.4 102.8 104.0 98.3 99.6 108.9 103.4 III 103.7 105.9 102.1 105.2 99.8 101.5 105.5 103.2 II 103.7 105.4 101.7 104.4 99.8 100.7 105.0 102.5 I 103.2 104.2 101.0 104.7 101.2 101.5 102.5 101.9 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes following Table 6. September 5, 2013 r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs, seasonally adjusted Real Output Compen- compen- Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit and of all of all per hour per hour labor quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5) 2013 II 1.9 r -0.6 r -2.4 r 4.2 4.2 2.3 r I 3.8 r 5.4 r 1.6 -0.7 r -2.1 r -4.2 r 2012 ANNUAL 1.8 4.1 2.3 1.9 -0.2 0.1 2012 IV 2.3 2.7 0.4 4.1 1.9 1.8 III -0.3 0.1 0.4 -1.8 -3.8 -1.5 II 1.0 2.1 1.1 0.8 -0.1 -0.2 I 4.3 8.4 3.9 10.4 7.9 5.9 2011 ANNUAL 1.0 3.1 2.1 1.3 -1.8 0.4 2011 IV 0.2 5.2 4.9 -4.8 -6.1 -5.0 III 5.0 4.7 -0.3 2.2 -0.7 -2.7 II -3.5 -0.7 2.9 -2.3 -6.6 1.3 I 0.7 3.0 2.4 1.2 -3.0 0.6 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year 2013 II 1.9 r 1.9 r 0.0 r 1.4 r 0.0 r -0.5 r I 1.7 2.6 0.9 0.6 r -1.1 r -1.1 r 2012 ANNUAL 1.8 4.1 2.3 1.9 -0.2 0.1 2012 IV 1.8 3.3 1.4 3.3 1.4 1.5 III 1.3 3.9 2.6 1.0 -0.7 -0.3 II 2.6 5.1 2.4 2.0 0.1 -0.6 I 1.4 4.3 2.8 1.2 -1.6 -0.2 2011 ANNUAL 1.0 3.1 2.1 1.3 -1.8 0.4 2011 IV 0.6 3.0 2.5 -0.9 -4.1 -1.5 III 0.8 2.1 1.2 1.4 -2.3 0.6 II -0.2 2.1 2.3 1.3 -2.0 1.4 I 2.6 5.1 2.4 3.6 1.5 1.0 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Indexes 2009=100 2013 II 111.3 r 116.1 r 104.4 r 107.2 r 99.1 r 96.4 r I 110.8 r 116.3 r 105.0 106.1 r 98.1 r 95.8 r 2012 ANNUAL 109.2 114.1 104.4 105.7 98.7 96.8 2012 IV 109.7 114.8 104.6 106.3 98.6 96.9 III 109.1 114.0 104.5 105.3 98.2 96.5 II 109.2 114.0 104.4 105.7 99.1 96.8 I 108.9 113.4 104.1 105.5 99.1 96.9 2011 ANNUAL 107.3 109.5 102.1 103.8 98.9 96.7 2011 IV 107.8 111.2 103.1 102.9 97.3 95.5 III 107.7 109.8 101.9 104.2 98.8 96.7 II 106.4 108.5 102.0 103.6 99.0 97.4 I 107.4 108.7 101.2 104.2 100.7 97.1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes following Table 6. September 5, 2013 r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs, seasonally adjusted Real Output Compen- compen- Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit and of all of all per hour per hour labor quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5) 2013 II 3.3 r 0.5 r -2.7 r 4.6 4.7 r 1.3 r I 3.7 r 6.4 r 2.6 -1.2 r -2.7 r -4.7 r 2012 ANNUAL 4.0 7.0 2.9 1.5 -0.5 -2.3 2012 IV 3.2 3.8 0.5 4.1 1.9 0.9 III 0.3 0.0 -0.3 -2.4 -4.4 -2.7 II 3.7 5.0 1.3 -0.6 -1.5 -4.1 I 8.5 13.0 4.2 11.6 9.1 2.9 2011 ANNUAL 2.4 6.3 3.8 0.9 -2.2 -1.5 2011 IV 1.6 9.5 7.8 -6.3 -7.6 -7.8 III 8.1 7.5 -0.6 3.5 0.5 -4.3 II -4.9 -0.2 5.0 -4.2 -8.4 0.8 I 2.0 6.9 4.9 0.7 -3.6 -1.3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year 2013 II 2.6 r 2.6 r 0.0 1.2 r -0.2 r -1.4 r I 2.7 r 3.8 1.0 -0.1 r -1.7 r -2.7 r 2012 ANNUAL 4.0 7.0 2.9 1.5 -0.5 -2.3 2012 IV 3.9 5.3 1.4 3.0 1.1 -0.8 III 3.5 6.8 3.2 0.4 -1.3 -3.0 II 5.4 8.7 3.1 1.8 -0.1 -3.4 I 3.2 7.3 4.1 0.9 -1.9 -2.2 2011 ANNUAL 2.4 6.3 3.8 0.9 -2.2 -1.5 2011 IV 1.6 5.9 4.2 -1.7 -4.8 -3.2 III 1.8 4.5 2.6 1.2 -2.5 -0.6 II 0.5 5.1 4.5 0.1 -3.2 -0.5 I 5.7 9.9 3.9 4.1 1.9 -1.6 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Indexes 2009=100 2013 II 120.4 r 128.5 r 106.8 r 106.3 r 98.2 r 88.3 r I 119.4 r 128.4 r 107.5 105.1 r 97.1 r 88.0 r 2012 ANNUAL 117.3 125.1 106.7 105.0 98.1 89.5 2012 IV 118.3 126.4 106.8 105.4 97.8 89.1 III 117.4 125.2 106.7 104.3 97.3 88.9 II 117.3 125.2 106.7 105.0 98.4 89.5 I 116.3 123.7 106.4 105.1 98.8 90.4 2011 ANNUAL 112.8 116.9 103.6 103.4 98.6 91.6 2011 IV 113.9 120.0 105.3 102.3 96.7 89.8 III 113.5 117.3 103.4 104.0 98.6 91.6 II 111.3 115.2 103.5 103.1 98.5 92.6 I 112.7 115.2 102.3 104.2 100.7 92.5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes following Table 6. September 5, 2013 r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs, seasonally adjusted Real Output Compen- compen- Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit and of all of all per hour per hour labor quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5) 2013 II 0.2 r -1.9 r -2.1 3.4 r 3.4 r 3.2 r I 4.4 r 4.3 r -0.2 0.2 r -1.3 r -4.0 r 2012 ANNUAL -0.1 1.1 1.3 2.4 0.3 2.5 2012 IV 1.4 1.5 0.2 4.1 1.8 2.7 III -1.4 0.2 1.6 -0.4 -2.4 1.0 II -1.9 -1.1 0.8 3.6 2.6 5.5 I 0.0 3.4 3.4 8.1 5.6 8.1 2011 ANNUAL 1.2 0.5 -0.6 1.7 -1.4 0.6 2011 IV 0.5 0.8 0.3 -2.4 -3.8 -2.9 III 2.0 2.2 0.2 -0.1 -2.9 -2.1 II -0.4 -0.8 -0.4 0.9 -3.6 1.3 I 1.4 -0.2 -1.6 1.8 -2.5 0.4 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year 2013 II 1.1 r 1.0 r -0.1 1.8 r 0.4 r 0.7 r I 0.6 r 1.2 r 0.6 1.8 r 0.1 r 1.2 r 2012 ANNUAL -0.1 1.1 1.3 2.4 0.3 2.5 2012 IV -0.5 1.0 1.5 3.8 1.8 4.3 III -0.7 0.8 1.5 2.1 0.4 2.8 II 0.2 1.3 1.2 2.2 0.3 2.0 I 0.6 1.4 0.9 1.5 -1.2 1.0 2011 ANNUAL 1.2 0.5 -0.6 1.7 -1.4 0.6 2011 IV 0.9 0.5 -0.4 0.0 -3.2 -0.8 III 1.3 0.2 -1.0 1.5 -2.2 0.3 II 1.1 -0.1 -1.2 3.0 -0.4 1.8 I 1.4 1.4 0.1 2.5 0.3 1.1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Indexes 2009=100 2013 II 105.3 r 105.8 r 100.5 r 108.5 r 100.3 r 103.1 r I 105.3 r 106.4 r 101.0 107.6 r 99.5 r 102.3 r 2012 ANNUAL 104.2 105.0 100.8 106.6 99.6 102.3 2012 IV 104.1 105.2 101.1 107.6 99.8 103.3 III 103.8 104.8 101.0 106.5 99.3 102.6 II 104.1 104.8 100.6 106.6 99.9 102.4 I 104.6 105.1 100.4 105.7 99.3 101.0 2011 ANNUAL 104.3 103.8 99.6 104.1 99.3 99.8 2011 IV 104.6 104.2 99.6 103.7 98.0 99.1 III 104.5 104.0 99.5 104.3 98.9 99.8 II 103.9 103.4 99.5 104.3 99.6 100.4 I 104.0 103.6 99.6 104.1 100.6 100.0 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes following Table 6. September 5, 2013 r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits, and prices, seasonally adjusted Real Unit Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit Year per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price and employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator quarter hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5) 2013 II 3.2 4.8 1.5 2.3 2.3 -0.9 -5.1 -2.3 12.7 -0.2 I -4.1 r -1.3 r 2.9 r -6.1 r -7.5 r -2.1 r 9.1 r 1.5 r 0.3 r 1.3 r 2012 ANNUAL 1.4 r 3.7 r 2.3 2.8 r 0.7 r 1.4 r 0.2 r 1.0 r 3.8 r 1.4 r 2012 IV 4.5 r 6.4 r 1.8 7.6 r 5.2 r 3.0 r -4.2 r 0.6 r 9.6 r 1.8 r III -2.9 r -2.0 r 1.0 0.6 r -1.4 r 3.7 r 3.0 r 3.5 r -7.4 r 1.8 r II 0.9 r 1.6 r 0.7 r 1.2 r 0.3 r 0.3 r 1.1 r 0.6 r 5.8 r 1.3 r I 5.1 r 8.9 r 3.5 11.5 r 9.0 r 6.1 r -0.6 r 3.8 r -2.2 r 2.9 r 2011 ANNUAL 0.3 r 3.0 r 2.8 2.1 r -1.0 r 1.9 r 0.7 r 1.5 r 7.7 r 2.3 2011 IV 1.8 r 4.5 r 2.7 r -4.3 r -5.6 r -6.0 r -1.3 r -4.5 r 0.8 r -3.7 r III -3.5 r -0.7 r 2.8 1.4 r -1.5 r 5.1 r 3.2 r 4.5 r 7.6 r 4.9 r II 2.4 r 6.4 r 3.9 -1.8 r -6.1 r -4.1 -1.8 r -3.3 r 54.1 r 3.1 r I 4.2 r 6.1 r 1.8 8.9 r 4.3 r 4.5 r -0.3 r 2.9 r -16.9 r 0.0 r --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year 2013 II 0.1 1.9 1.8 1.0 -0.4 0.9 0.5 0.8 3.5 1.2 I -0.5 r 1.1 r 1.6 0.7 r -1.0 r 1.2 r 2.1 r 1.5 r 1.9 r 1.6 r 2012 ANNUAL 1.4 r 3.7 r 2.3 2.8 r 0.7 r 1.4 r 0.2 r 1.0 r 3.8 r 1.4 r 2012 IV 1.8 r 3.6 r 1.7 5.1 r 3.2 r 3.2 r -0.2 r 2.1 r 1.2 r 2.0 r III 1.2 r 3.2 r 2.0 r 2.1 r 0.4 r 0.9 r 0.5 r 0.8 r -0.9 r 0.5 r II 1.0 r 3.5 r 2.4 2.3 r 0.4 r 1.3 r 0.6 r 1.0 r 2.9 r 1.3 r I 1.4 r 4.7 r 3.2 1.6 r -1.2 r 0.1 r -0.2 r 0.0 r 13.1 r 1.7 r 2011 ANNUAL 0.3 r 3.0 r 2.8 2.1 r -1.0 r 1.9 r 0.7 r 1.5 r 7.7 r 2.3 2011 IV 1.2 r 4.0 r 2.8 0.9 r -2.3 r -0.3 r -0.1 r -0.2 r 8.5 r 1.0 r III -0.7 r 2.1 r 2.7 2.2 r -1.5 r 2.9 r 1.7 r 2.5 5.4 r 2.9 r II 0.7 r 3.5 r 2.8 2.1 r -1.2 r 1.4 r 0.4 r 1.0 r 12.8 r 2.6 I -0.2 r 2.6 r 2.8 3.3 1.1 3.5 r 0.9 r 2.6 r 4.1 r 2.8 r --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Indexes 2009=100 2013 II 107.4 114.9 107.1 107.3 99.2 100.0 98.0 99.3 150.3 104.7 I 106.5 r 113.6 r 106.7 r 106.7 r 98.6 r 100.2 r 99.3 r 99.9 r 145.9 r 104.7 r 2012 ANNUAL 107.1 r 112.9 r 105.4 r 106.8 r 99.8 r 99.7 r 97.5 r 99.0 r 144.2 r 103.7 r 2012 IV 107.6 r 114.0 r 105.9 r 108.4 r 100.6 r 100.7 r 97.2 r 99.5 r 145.8 r 104.4 r III 106.5 r 112.2 r 105.4 r 106.5 r 99.3 r 100.0 r 98.2 r 99.4 r 142.5 r 103.9 r II 107.3 r 112.8 r 105.2 r 106.3 r 99.6 r 99.1 r 97.5 r 98.6 r 145.3 r 103.4 r I 107.0 r 112.4 r 105.0 r 106.0 r 99.6 r 99.0 r 97.2 r 98.4 r 143.2 r 103.1 r 2011 ANNUAL 105.7 r 108.8 r 103.0 r 103.9 r 99.1 r 98.3 r 97.4 r 98.0 r 139.0 r 102.3 r 2011 IV 105.7 r 110.0 r 104.1 r 103.1 r 97.5 r 97.6 r 97.4 r 97.5 r 144.0 r 102.4 r III 105.2 r 108.8 r 103.4 r 104.3 r 98.9 r 99.1 r 97.7 r 98.6 r 143.8 r 103.3 r II 106.2 r 109.0 r 102.7 r 103.9 r 99.2 r 97.9 r 96.9 r 97.6 r 141.2 r 102.1 r I 105.5 r 107.3 r 101.7 r 104.4 r 100.8 r 98.9 r 97.4 r 98.4 r 126.7 r 101.3 r --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes following Table 6. September 5, 2013 r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census Bureau of the U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Reserve Board. Hours and compensation data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Economic Analysis. RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as more complete information becomes available. The measures are first published within 40 days of the close of the reference period; revisions appear 30 days later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days. In the business sector, the third publication (second revision) of a quarterly index of output per hour of all persons has differed from the initial value by between -1.7 and 1.5 index points approximately 95 percent of the time. This interval is based on the performance of this measure between the fourth quarter of 1995 and the first quarter of 2013. Table Footnotes (1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self- employed. (2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2012 is based on the Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS). (3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, rental income of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises. (4) Current dollar output divided by the output index. (5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. Indexes published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual indexes to three decimal places. (6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, and business current transfer payments. (7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs. (8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments.
Appendix table 1. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits, and prices. Real Unit Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator Year hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Indexes 2009=100 2012 107.1 r 112.9 r 105.4 r 106.8 r 99.8 r 99.7 r 97.5 r 99.0 r 144.2 r 103.7 r 2011 105.7 r 108.8 r 103.0 r 103.9 r 99.1 r 98.3 r 97.4 r 98.0 r 139.0 r 102.3 r 2010 105.4 r 105.6 r 100.2 r 101.8 r 100.1 r 96.6 r 96.7 r 96.6 r 129.0 r 100.0 r 2009 100.0 r 100.0 r 100.0 r 100.0 r 100.0 r 100.0 r 100.0 r 100.0 r 100.0 r 100.0 r 2008 99.2 r 107.6 r 108.5 r 98.3 r 97.9 r 99.0 r 94.3 r 97.5 r 105.4 r 98.3 r 2007 98.8 r 109.0 r 110.3 r 95.5 r 98.8 r 96.6 r 88.6 r 93.9 r 116.8 r 96.3 r 2006 98.3 r 107.9 r 109.8 r 92.0 r 97.9 r 93.6 r 83.1 r 90.1 r 131.0 r 94.4 r 2005 96.5 r 103.9 r 107.7 r 89.2 r 98.1 r 92.5 r 81.0 r 88.7 r 116.7 r 91.6 r 2004 94.7 r 100.6 r 106.3 r 86.6 r 98.3 r 91.5 r 77.5 r 86.8 r 102.7 r 88.5 r 2003 91.5 r 96.3 r 105.2 r 83.6 r 97.5 r 91.3 r 78.1 r 86.9 r 84.4 r 86.6 r 2002 88.0 r 94.2 r 107.1 r 80.9 r 96.5 r 91.9 r 78.9 r 87.6 r 69.2 r 85.7 r 2001 84.6 r 93.4 r 110.4 r 79.4 r 96.2 r 93.8 r 78.4 r 88.7 r 56.9 r 85.3 r 2000 84.1 r 95.5 r 113.5 r 77.5 r 96.5 r 92.2 r 73.2 r 85.8 r 70.0 r 84.2 r 1999 80.8 r 90.5 r 112.1 r 72.2 r 93.0 r 89.4 r 70.6 r 83.2 r 84.1 r 83.2 r 1998 78.3 r 85.8 r 109.6 r 69.0 r 90.7 r 88.2 r 69.3 r 81.8 r 90.5 r 82.7 r 1997 75.7 r 81.2 r 107.3 r 65.3 r 87.0 r 86.2 r 69.1 r 80.5 r 101.7 r 82.7 r 1996 73.7 r 76.1 r 103.3 r 63.1 r 86.0 r 85.7 r 69.4 r 80.2 r 99.2 r 82.2 r 1995 70.8 r 71.9 r 101.5 r 60.8 r 85.0 r 85.8 r 70.3 r 80.6 r 92.5 r 81.9 r 1994 70.0 r 68.6 r 98.0 r 59.9 r 85.7 r 85.5 r 70.0 r 80.3 r 87.4 r 81.1 r 1993 68.8 r 64.6 r 94.0 r 59.1 r 86.4 r 85.9 r 69.6 r 80.5 r 73.2 r 79.7 r 1992 68.8 r 63.1 r 91.8 r 58.3 r 87.4 r 84.9 r 69.7 r 79.8 r 63.0 r 78.0 r 1991 67.0 r 61.2 r 91.4 r 55.4 r 85.1 r 82.8 r 71.0 r 78.8 r 60.8 r 76.9 r 1990 65.4 r 61.5 r 94.1 r 53.0 r 84.3 r 81.0 r 68.1 r 76.7 r 59.3 r 74.9 r 1989 64.7 r 60.7 r 93.7 r 50.5 r 84.3 r 78.0 r 65.1 r 73.7 r 62.9 r 72.6 r 1988 65.5 r 59.5 r 90.9 r 49.1 r 85.5 r 75.0 r 61.7 r 70.6 r 68.9 r 70.4 r 1987 63.6 r 56.1 r 88.2 r 46.8 r 84.5 r 73.5 r 60.5 r 69.2 r 64.4 r 68.7 r 1986 62.3 r 53.3 r 85.5 r 45.2 r 84.3 r 72.5 r 60.0 r 68.3 r 60.2 r 67.5 r 1985 60.9 r 51.9 r 85.2 r 42.8 r 81.3 r 70.2 r 57.0 r 65.8 r 72.7 r 66.5 r 1984 59.5 r 49.6 r 83.3 r 40.8 r 80.1 r 68.5 r 55.8 r 64.2 r 75.5 r 65.4 r 1983 58.2 r 45.5 r 78.3 r 39.1 r 79.9 r 67.1 r 56.1 r 63.4 r 64.4 r 63.5 r 1982 56.3 r 43.4 r 77.2 r 37.5 r 80.0 r 66.7 r 55.8 r 63.0 r 55.6 r 62.2 r 1981 56.0 r 44.4 r 79.3 r 35.2 r 79.6 r 62.8 r 50.3 r 58.6 r 59.6 r 58.7 r 1980 54.6 r 42.7 r 78.2 r 32.2 r 79.9 r 59.1 r 44.2 r 54.1 r 50.8 r 53.8 r 1979 54.7 r 43.1 r 78.7 r 29.3 r 80.6 r 53.5 r 37.7 r 48.2 r 56.3 r 49.1 r 1978 55.2 r 41.7 r 75.7 r 26.8 r 80.9 r 48.6 r 34.8 r 44.0 r 58.6 r 45.5 r 1977 54.5 r 39.2 r 72.0 r 24.6 r 79.4 r 45.1 r 33.4 r 41.2 r 55.1 r 42.7 r 1976 53.0 r 36.5 r 68.8 r 22.7 r 78.2 r 42.9 r 32.2 r 39.3 r 50.8 r 40.5 r 1975 51.3 r 33.7 r 65.8 r 21.2 r 77.0 r 41.2 r 32.5 r 38.3 r 43.0 r 38.8 r 1974 49.4 r 34.2 r 69.3 r 19.2 r 76.1 r 38.8 r 28.4 r 35.3 r 35.6 r 35.3 r 1973 50.4 r 34.8 r 69.0 r 17.6 r 77.3 r 34.8 r 24.7 r 31.5 r 39.0 r 32.2 r 1972 49.9 r 32.8 r 65.7 r 16.4 r 76.7 r 32.8 r 23.4 r 29.7 r 37.5 r 30.5 r 1971 48.9 r 30.5 r 62.3 r 15.6 r 75.2 r 31.8 r 23.4 r 29.0 r 34.4 r 29.6 r 1970 47.0 r 29.3 r 62.3 r 14.7 r 74.1 r 31.3 r 22.3 r 28.3 r 30.3 r 28.5 r 1969 46.7 r 29.6 r 63.3 r 13.8 r 73.4 r 29.5 r 19.8 r 26.2 r 36.9 r 27.3 r 1968 46.7 r 28.4 r 60.9 r 12.9 r 72.4 r 27.6 r 18.3 r 24.5 r 40.8 r 26.2 r 1967 45.0 r 26.7 r 59.3 r 12.0 r 70.4 r 26.7 r 17.1 r 23.5 r 40.7 r 25.3 r 1966 44.2 r 26.0 r 58.7 r 11.4 r 68.7 r 25.7 r 16.2 r 22.5 r 43.5 r 24.7 r 1965 43.4 r 24.2 r 55.7 r 10.8 r 66.9 r 24.8 r 16.1 r 21.9 r 43.5 r 24.2 r 1964 42.3 r 22.3 r 52.7 r 10.5 r 66.1 r 24.8 r 16.2 r 21.9 r 40.3 r 23.8 r 1963 41.6 r 20.8 r 50.0 r 10.3 r 65.7 r 24.7 r 16.2 r 21.8 r 39.0 r 23.6 r 1962 40.1 r 19.6 r 48.9 r 10.0 r 64.6 r 24.8 r 16.3 r 22.0 r 36.8 r 23.5 r 1961 38.4 r 18.1 r 47.1 r 9.6 r 62.8 r 25.0 r 16.5 r 22.1 r 34.3 r 23.4 r 1960 37.2 r 17.7 r 47.5 r 9.3 r 61.4 r 25.0 r 16.2 r 22.0 r 34.2 r 23.3 r 1959 36.6 r 17.1 r 46.7 r 8.9 r 60.1 r 24.4 r 15.8 r 21.5 r 37.1 r 23.2 r 1958 34.9 r 15.4 r 44.1 r 8.6 r 58.3 r 24.7 r 16.4 r 21.9 r 31.9 r 23.0 r 1957 34.1 r 16.0 r 46.8 r 8.3 r 57.7 r 24.3 r 15.0 r 21.2 r 35.2 r 22.6 r 1956 33.4 r 15.8 r 47.1 r 7.8 r 56.3 r 23.4 r 13.9 r 20.2 r 36.6 r 21.9 r 1955 33.2 r 15.2 r 45.9 r 7.4 r 53.7 r 22.1 r 13.0 r 19.1 r 39.1 r 21.2 r 1954 31.3 r 13.6 r 43.4 r 7.1 r 51.7 r 22.7 r 13.4 r 19.6 r 33.5 r 21.0 r 1953 30.0 r 13.7 r 45.7 r 6.9 r 50.3 r 22.8 r 13.1 r 19.6 r 34.4 r 21.1 r 1952 28.9 r 12.8 r 44.3 r 6.5 r 48.0 r 22.5 r 13.1 r 19.4 r 36.7 r 21.2 r 1951 28.2 r 12.3 r 43.7 r 6.1 r 46.2 r 21.8 r 12.6 r 18.7 r 40.7 r 21.0 r 1950 28.5 r 11.7 r 41.0 r 5.6 r 45.7 r 19.8 r 12.0 r 17.2 r 37.9 r 19.3 r 1949 26.5 r 10.3 r 39.0 r 5.3 r 43.8 r 20.1 r 12.5 r 17.6 r 33.5 r 19.2 r 1948 25.1 r 10.4 r 41.5 r 5.2 r 41.9 r 20.5 r 11.6 r 17.5 r 36.9 r 19.6 r 1947 23.6 r 9.7 r 41.1 r 4.7 r 41.1 r 19.9 r 11.1 r 17.0 r 30.9 r 18.4 r ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes following Table 6. September 5, 2013 r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics