Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL 26-1631
8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, November 5, 2026
Technical information: (202) 691-5606 • Productivity@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/productivity
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Third Quarter 2026, Preliminary
Nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased 3.6 percent in the third quarter of 2026, the
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, as output increased 3.7 percent and hours worked
increased 0.1 percent. (All quarterly percent changes in this release are seasonally adjusted annualized
rates.) From the same quarter a year ago, nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased 2.1
percent in the third quarter of 2026. (See table A1.)
Unit labor costs in the nonfarm business sector decreased 0.7 percent in the third quarter of 2026,
reflecting a 2.9-percent increase in hourly compensation and a 3.6-percent increase in productivity. Unit
labor costs increased 2.4 percent over the last four quarters. (See tables A1 and 2.)
BLS calculates unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor productivity. Increases in
hourly compensation tend to increase unit labor costs and increases in productivity tend to reduce them.
=============================================================================================================
Historical Revisions
Data in this release reflect the 2026 Annual Update of the National Income and Product Accounts
(NIPA) released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce on
September 30, 2026. See “Revised measures” section.
=============================================================================================================
Real hourly compensation, which takes into account consumer prices, increased 1.1 percent in the third
quarter of 2026, and increased 1.0 percent over the last four quarters. The labor share, which is the
percentage of output that accrues to workers in the form of compensation, was 53.0 percent in the third
quarter of 2026, the lowest level in the series, which begins in the first quarter of 1947.
Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index of real output by an index of
hours worked by all workers, including employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. During the
current business cycle, starting in the fourth quarter of 2019, labor productivity has grown at an
annualized rate of 2.2 percent through the third quarter of 2026, reflecting a 2.7-percent rate of growth in
output and a 0.4-percent rate of growth in hours worked. The 2.2-percent annualized rate of nonfarm
business productivity growth in the current business cycle thus far is higher than the 1.5-percent rate of
the previous business cycle, from the fourth quarter of 2007 through the fourth quarter of 2019, and the
same as the long-term rate of 2.2 percent since the first quarter of 1947.
Manufacturing sector labor productivity increased 0.3 percent in the third quarter of 2026, as output
increased 1.3 percent and hours worked increased 1.0 percent. In the durable manufacturing sector,
productivity increased 2.2 percent, reflecting a 3.8-percent increase in output and a 1.6-percent increase
in hours worked. Nondurable manufacturing sector productivity decreased 1.7 percent, as output
decreased 1.6 percent and hours worked increased 0.1 percent. Total manufacturing sector productivity
increased 0.4 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See tables A1, 3, 4, and 5.)
Unit labor costs in the total manufacturing sector increased 2.7 percent in the third quarter of 2026, as
hourly compensation increased 3.0 percent and labor productivity increased 0.3 percent. Manufacturing
sector unit labor costs increased 4.0 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See tables A1 and 3.)
The concepts, sources, and methods used for the manufacturing output series differ from those used in
the business and nonfarm business output series; these output measures are not directly comparable. See
the Technical Notes for a more detailed explanation.
Revised measures
Measures of output for the business, nonfarm business, and nonfinancial corporate sectors, and measures
of compensation for all sectors, incorporate revised National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) data
released on September 30, 2026, by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), U.S. Department of
Commerce. As a result, all quarterly and annual measures incorporating output, including labor
productivity and unit labor costs, were revised back to 2021 for the business, nonfarm business, and
nonfinancial corporate sectors; measures incorporating compensation were revised back to 2021 for all
sectors. Source data on output and compensation released by BEA on October 29, 2026, are reflected in
data for the third quarter of 2026. Regular updates of source data on manufacturing output released in
September and October by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System are reflected in data
for the first three quarters of 2026; there were no historical revisions to manufacturing output.
Hours worked and related measures for the business and nonfarm business sectors were subject to
revision back to 2021 due to revised NIPA data on government enterprises employment and on the
proportion of industry compensation paid to employees of nonprofit institutions. Hours worked and
related measures for the nonfinancial corporate sector were also subject to revision back to 2019 due to
the incorporation of revised NIPA data on the proportion of industry compensation paid to employees of
corporations.
Table B1 presents revised and previous labor productivity and related measures for the nonfarm
business, business, and manufacturing sectors for the second quarter of 2026. Table A2 presents these
measures for the nonfinancial corporate sector.
Nonfarm business sector productivity in the second quarter of 2026 was revised up 0.7 percentage
point to an increase of 2.1 percent. The revision comes from a 0.7-percentage point upward revision to
output as hours worked were unrevised. Second-quarter unit labor costs were revised up 0.7 percentage
points to an increase of 1.9 percent, reflecting a 1.4-percentage point upward revision to hourly
compensation and the 0.7-percentage point upward revision to productivity. Real hourly compensation
in the second quarter of 2026 was also revised upward by 1.4 percentage points to a decrease of 1.9
percent. (See table B1.)
Manufacturing sector productivity was revised up 0.5 percentage point to an increase of 2.9 percent in
the second quarter of 2026, reflecting a 0.4-percentage point upward revision to output; hours worked
were unrevised. Productivity was revised up 1.0 percentage point in the durable manufacturing sector
and revised down 0.1 percentage point in the nondurable manufacturing sector. In the second quarter of
2026, total manufacturing unit labor costs decreased 0.4 percent rather than 0.3 percent as previously
reported, reflecting a 0.3-percentage point upward revision to hourly compensation as well as the 0.5-
percentage point upward revision to productivity. (See table B1.)
Nonfinancial corporate sector productivity increased 3.4 percent in the second quarter of 2026, rather
than the previously published estimate of 2.2 percent. This revision results from a 1.4-percentage point
upward revision to output and a 0.1-percentage point upward revision to hours worked. Unit labor costs
in the nonfinancial corporate sector were revised down 0.1 percentage point to a decrease of 0.4 percent
in the second quarter of 2026, as hourly compensation was revised up 1.1 percentage point and
productivity was revised up 1.2 percentage points. (See table A2.)
Annual averages
Table C1 presents annual data for the nonfarm business, total manufacturing, and nonfinancial corporate
sectors from 2023 to 2025. Annual average percent changes compare average annual indexes from one
year to the next.
Annual average productivity in the nonfarm business sector was revised up 0.2 percentage point in
both 2025 and 2024 to increases of 2.3 percent and 3.2 percent, respectively. In 2023, productivity was
revised down 0.1 percentage point to an increase of 2.0 percent. Unit labor costs were revised down 0.3
percentage point in 2025, down 0.4 percentage point in 2024, and up 0.2 percentage point in 2023. (See
table C1.)
Annual average manufacturing sector productivity, output, and hours worked were not revised.
Manufacturing unit labor costs were revised up 0.1 percentage point in both 2025 and 2024, and were
revised up 0.5 percentage point in 2023. (See table C1.)
In the nonfinancial corporate sector, output and productivity were both revised down 0.8 percentage
point in 2025, and down 0.4 percentage point in 2024. Productivity was revised up 0.6 percentage point
in 2023, reflecting an upward revision to output. Annual changes in hours worked were unrevised in all
3 years. Unit labor costs were revised up 0.4 percentage point in 2025, up 0.2 percentage point in 2024,
and down 0.3 percentage point in 2023. (See tables C1 and 6.)
Quarterly and annual data for all sectors for recent years appear in tables 1-6. Full historical annual and
quarterly measures, including percent changes, indexes, and levels, can be found in the file located at
www.bls.gov/web/prod2/labor-productivity-major-sectors.xlsx.
______________
The revised Productivity and Costs news release for third-quarter 2026 is scheduled to be
published on Tuesday, December 8, 2026, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).
=========================================================================================================================
Table A1. Labor productivity growth and related measures – preliminary third-quarter 2026
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate and from same quarter a year ago)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector Percent change from: productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business Previous quarter 3.6 3.7 0.1 2.9 1.1 -0.7
A year ago 2.1 2.3 0.2 4.5 1.0 2.4
Business Previous quarter 4.1 3.9 -0.2 3.1 1.3 -0.9
A year ago 2.1 2.3 0.3 4.4 0.9 2.3
Manufacturing Previous quarter 0.3 1.3 1.0 3.0 1.2 2.7
A Year ago 0.4 1.3 0.9 4.4 0.9 4.0
Durable Previous quarter 2.2 3.8 1.6 2.8 1.0 0.5
manufacturing A year ago 1.9 3.8 1.9 5.0 1.5 3.0
Nondurable Previous quarter -1.7 -1.6 0.1 3.2 1.4 5.0
manufacturing A year ago -0.7 -1.4 -0.7 3.1 -0.3 3.9
=========================================================================================================================
=========================================================================================================================
Table A2. Labor productivity growth and related measures – revised and previously published second-quarter 2026
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfinancial Revised 3.4 5.3 1.8 3.0 -2.9 -0.4
corporate Previously published 2.2 3.9 1.7 1.9 -3.9 -0.3
=========================================================================================================================
=========================================================================================================================
Table B1. Labor productivity growth and related measures – revised and previously published second-quarter 2026
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business Revised 2.1 2.4 0.3 4.0 -1.9 1.9
Previously published 1.4 1.7 0.3 2.6 -3.3 1.2
Business Revised 2.0 2.4 0.4 3.8 -2.2 1.8
Previously published 1.2 1.6 0.4 2.4 -3.4 1.2
Manufacturing Revised 2.9 5.8 2.9 2.4 -3.4 -0.4
Previously published 2.4 5.4 2.9 2.1 -3.7 -0.3
Durable Revised 4.6 9.8 5.0 2.1 -3.8 -2.4
manufacturing Previously published 3.6 8.9 5.1 1.4 -4.4 -2.2
Nondurable Revised 2.0 1.5 -0.5 2.5 -3.4 0.5
manufacturing Previously published 2.1 1.4 -0.6 2.9 -3.0 0.8
=========================================================================================================================
=========================================================================================================================
Table C1. Labor productivity growth and related measures – revised and previous annual average changes: 2023-2025
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector Year productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm 2025 Revised 2.3 2.7 0.4 4.2 1.4 1.9
business Previously published 2.1 2.5 0.4 4.3 1.6 2.2
2024 Revised 3.2 3.2 0.0 5.2 2.2 2.0
Previously published 3.0 2.9 -0.1 5.5 2.5 2.4
2023 Revised 2.0 3.1 1.0 4.3 0.1 2.2
Previously published 2.1 3.1 1.0 4.1 -0.1 2.0
Nonfinancial 2025 Revised 2.1 2.3 0.2 4.0 1.3 1.9
corporate Previously published 2.9 3.1 0.2 4.4 1.6 1.5
2024 Revised 2.4 2.3 -0.1 5.3 2.3 2.8
Previously published 2.8 2.7 -0.1 5.5 2.5 2.6
2023 Revised 1.1 2.3 1.2 4.5 0.4 3.4
Previously published 0.5 1.8 1.2 4.3 0.2 3.7
Manufacturing 2025 Revised 1.8 1.0 -0.9 4.4 1.6 2.5
Previously published 1.8 1.0 -0.9 4.3 1.5 2.4
2024 Revised 0.3 -0.9 -1.2 5.1 2.1 4.8
Previously published 0.3 -0.9 -1.2 5.0 2.0 4.7
2023 Revised -0.4 -0.4 0.0 4.6 0.4 5.0
Previously published -0.4 -0.4 0.0 4.1 0.0 4.5
=========================================================================================================================
TECHNICAL NOTES
Labor Hours
Hours worked data for the labor productivity and cost measures include hours worked for all
persons working in the sector—wage and salary workers, the self-employed and unpaid family
workers. The primary source of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment
Statistics (CES) program, which provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by and
hours paid to wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments, counting a person who is
employed by two or more establishments at each place of employment. As of the February 3,
2023 Employment Situation release, the CES program has updated the national nonfarm payroll
series to the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The BLS Major
Sector Productivity program will be remaining on a NAICS 2017 basis for the time being by
converting NAICS 2022 data from CES back to a NAICS 2017 basis using ratios published on
the CES website and based on the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). Hours
of paid time off are removed from hours paid using data from the National Compensation Survey
(NCS) for 1996 forward and data from the BLS Hours at Work survey, conducted for this
purpose, prior to 1990. Between 1990 and 1995, hours of paid time off are removed using a
combination of NCS and Hours at Work survey data. Off-the-clock hours are added, yielding
hours worked, using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS).
Data from the CPS are used to estimate hours worked for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and
nonfarm unpaid family workers. Using CPS information on employment and hours worked at
primary jobs and all other jobs, separately, the BLS productivity measures assign all hours
worked to the appropriate industrial sector. Hours for government enterprises are derived from
the CPS, the CES, and the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the Department of Commerce.
Detailed hours data are presented in the table “Hours Worked in Total U.S. Economy and
Subsectors” on the BLS website (www.bls.gov/web/prod2/total-economy-hours-
employment.xlsx).
Output
Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index constructed after excluding from
gross domestic product (GDP) the following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions,
and households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are made in
labor hours worked. Businesses accounted for about 77 percent of the value of nominal GDP in
2025. Nonfarm businesses, which exclude farming, accounted for about 76 percent of nominal
GDP in 2025.
Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods components are
constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of production data from the U.S. Bureau of
the Census with deflators from the BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS
Producer Price Index program and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using
annual weights, and intrasectoral transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing output
measures are based on the indexes of industrial production prepared monthly by the Board of
Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted to be consistent with annual indexes of
manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS.
Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index calculated on the basis of
the costs incurred and the incomes earned from production. The output measure excludes the
following outputs from GDP: general government; nonprofit institutions; households;
unincorporated business; and those corporations classified as offices of bank holding companies,
offices of other holding companies, or offices in the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial
corporations accounted for about 51 percent of the value of nominal GDP in 2025.
Labor Productivity
The measure describes the relationship between real output and the labor time involved in its
production. Measures of labor productivity growth show the changes from period to period in the
amount of goods and services produced per hour worked. They reflect the joint effects of many
influences, including changes in technology; capital investment; level of output; utilization of
capacity, energy, and materials; the organization of production; managerial skill; and the
characteristics and effort of the work force.
Labor Compensation
The measure includes accrued wages and salaries, supplements, employer contributions to
employee benefit plans, and taxes. Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for
measures of hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee
compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of employees in
general government, nonprofit institutions and households are subtracted from compensation of
employees in domestic industries to derive employee compensation for the business sector. The
labor compensation of proprietors cannot be explicitly identified and must be estimated. This is
done by assuming that proprietors have the same hourly compensation as employees in the same
sector. The quarterly labor productivity and cost measures do not contain estimates of
compensation for unpaid family workers.
Unit Labor Costs
These measures describe the relationship between compensation per hour and labor productivity,
or real output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of inflationary pressure on producers.
Increases in hourly compensation increase unit labor costs; labor productivity increases offset
compensation increases and lower unit labor costs.
Presentation of the data
The quarterly data in this release are presented in three ways: as percent changes from the
previous quarter presented at a compound annual rate, as percent changes from the
corresponding quarter of the previous year, and as index number series where 2017=100. Annual
data are presented both as index number series and percent changes from the previous year.
The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and costs news release are
rounded to one decimal place. All percent changes in this release and on the BLS web site are
calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. A complete historical series of these
index numbers are available at the BLS productivity web site,
https://www.bls.gov/productivity/data.htm, or by contacting the BLS Division of Major Sector
Productivity (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email productivity@bls.gov).
For a more detailed explanation of methods see the Handbook of Methods at
www.bls.gov/opub/hom/opt/.
If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access
telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted.
Value-
Real added
Hourly hourly Unit output
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor payments deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2026 III 4.1 3.9 -0.2 3.1 1.3 -0.9 5.5 2.0
II 2.0 r 2.4 r 0.4 3.8 r -2.2 r 1.8 r 13.3 r 7.0 r
I 1.1 r 2.0 r 0.9 4.9 r 1.3 r 3.8 r 4.4 r 4.1 r
2025 ANNUAL 2.4 r 2.7 r 0.3 4.3 r 1.6 r 1.9 r 3.0 r 2.4
2025 IV 1.1 r 1.0 r -0.1 5.9 r 3.3 r 4.7 r 0.8 r 2.9 r
III 4.5 r 4.8 r 0.3 4.4 r 1.3 r -0.1 r 8.0 r 3.6 r
II 4.4 r 5.1 0.6 3.3 r 1.7 r -1.1 r 5.0 r 1.7 r
I 0.0 r -0.1 r -0.1 5.2 r 1.5 r 5.2 r 0.7 r 3.1 r
2024 ANNUAL 3.1 r 3.1 r 0.0 5.2 r 2.2 r 2.0 r 2.1 r 2.0
2024 IV 2.6 r 2.4 r -0.2 4.5 r 1.3 r 1.9 r 2.9 r 2.3 r
III 2.9 r 3.5 r 0.6 r 4.0 r 2.6 r 1.1 r 0.5 r 0.8 r
II 3.7 r 4.0 r 0.4 r 4.3 r 1.5 r 0.6 r 3.9 r 2.1
I 1.1 r 1.1 r 0.0 5.4 r 1.6 r 4.2 r 0.9 r 2.7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2026 III 2.1 2.3 0.3 4.4 0.9 2.3 5.9 4.0
II 2.2 r 2.5 0.4 4.8 r 0.9 r 2.5 r 6.6 r 4.4 r
I 2.8 r 3.2 r 0.4 4.6 r 1.9 r 1.8 r 4.6 r 3.1 r
2025 ANNUAL 2.4 r 2.7 r 0.3 4.3 r 1.6 r 1.9 r 3.0 r 2.4
2025 IV 2.5 2.7 0.2 4.7 r 1.9 r 2.2 r 3.6 r 2.8 r
III 2.9 r 3.0 r 0.1 4.4 r 1.4 r 1.5 r 4.1 r 2.7
II 2.5 r 2.7 r 0.2 4.3 1.8 1.7 r 2.3 r 2.0
I 2.3 r 2.4 r 0.1 4.5 r 1.7 r 2.2 r 2.0 r 2.1 r
2024 ANNUAL 3.1 r 3.1 r 0.0 5.2 r 2.2 r 2.0 r 2.1 r 2.0
2024 IV 2.6 r 2.7 r 0.2 4.5 r 1.8 r 1.9 r 2.0 r 2.0
III 3.0 r 3.1 r 0.1 4.7 r 2.0 r 1.7 r 1.9 r 1.8 r
II 3.4 r 3.5 r 0.1 5.3 r 2.0 r 1.8 r 2.8 r 2.3 r
I 3.2 3.0 -0.2 5.8 r 2.5 r 2.5 r 1.7 r 2.1 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2017=100
2026 III 122.2 129.0 105.6 152.0 111.1 124.4 143.4 132.7
II 121.0 r 127.7 r 105.6 r 150.9 r 110.7 r 124.7 r 141.5 r 132.1 r
I 120.4 r 127.0 r 105.5 r 149.5 r 111.3 r 124.2 r 137.2 r 129.9 r
2025 ANNUAL 118.7 r 125.0 r 105.3 r 144.8 r 109.8 r 122.0 r 133.8 r 127.2 r
2025 IV 120.0 r 126.4 r 105.3 147.7 r 111.0 r 123.0 r 135.7 r 128.6 r
III 119.7 r 126.0 r 105.3 r 145.6 r 110.1 r 121.6 r 135.4 r 127.6 r
II 118.4 r 124.6 r 105.2 r 144.0 r 109.7 r 121.6 r 132.8 r 126.5 r
I 117.1 r 123.0 r 105.0 r 142.8 r 109.3 r 122.0 r 131.2 r 126.0 r
2024 ANNUAL 115.9 r 121.7 r 105.0 r 138.8 r 108.2 r 119.8 r 129.9 r 124.2 r
2024 IV 117.1 r 123.1 r 105.1 r 141.0 r 108.9 r 120.4 r 131.0 r 125.0 r
III 116.4 r 122.3 r 105.1 r 139.5 r 108.5 r 119.9 r 130.0 r 124.3 r
II 115.5 r 121.3 r 105.0 r 138.1 r 107.8 r 119.5 r 129.9 r 124.1 r
I 114.5 r 120.1 r 104.9 r 136.7 r 107.4 r 119.4 r 128.6 r 123.4 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. November 5, 2026
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and
prices, seasonally adjusted.
Value-
Real added
Hourly hourly Unit output
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor payments deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2026 III 3.6 3.7 0.1 2.9 1.1 -0.7 5.2 2.0
II 2.1 r 2.4 r 0.3 4.0 r -1.9 r 1.9 r 13.2 r 7.0 r
I 1.4 r 2.1 r 0.7 5.1 r 1.5 r 3.7 r 4.9 r 4.2 r
2025 ANNUAL 2.3 r 2.7 r 0.4 4.2 r 1.4 r 1.9 r 3.0 r 2.4
2025 IV 1.2 r 1.0 r -0.2 6.0 r 3.4 r 4.7 r 1.1 r 3.0 r
III 4.5 r 4.7 r 0.2 4.6 r 1.4 r 0.1 r 8.2 r 3.7 r
II 4.2 5.2 0.9 r 3.0 r 1.4 r -1.1 r 5.9 r 2.0 r
I -0.1 r -0.1 r 0.0 5.1 r 1.4 r 5.2 r 0.4 r 3.0 r
2024 ANNUAL 3.2 r 3.2 r 0.0 r 5.2 r 2.2 r 2.0 r 2.3 r 2.1 r
2024 IV 2.1 r 2.4 r 0.3 4.0 r 0.7 r 1.8 r 2.5 r 2.1 r
III 3.4 r 3.6 r 0.2 4.4 r 3.1 r 1.0 r 0.3 r 0.7 r
II 3.6 r 3.9 r 0.3 4.4 r 1.6 r 0.8 r 4.0 r 2.2
I 1.2 r 1.2 r 0.0 5.5 r 1.7 r 4.3 r 0.7 r 2.6 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2026 III 2.1 2.3 0.2 4.5 1.0 2.4 6.0 4.1
II 2.3 r 2.5 0.2 4.9 r 1.1 r 2.6 r 6.7 r 4.5 r
I 2.8 r 3.2 r 0.4 4.7 r 1.9 r 1.8 r 5.0 r 3.2 r
2025 ANNUAL 2.3 r 2.7 r 0.4 4.2 r 1.4 r 1.9 r 3.0 r 2.4
2025 IV 2.4 r 2.7 0.2 4.7 r 1.9 r 2.2 r 3.8 r 2.9 r
III 2.7 r 3.0 r 0.4 4.2 r 1.2 r 1.5 r 4.2 r 2.7
II 2.4 r 2.8 r 0.3 r 4.1 1.6 r 1.7 r 2.2 r 1.9
I 2.3 r 2.5 r 0.2 4.5 r 1.7 r 2.2 r 1.8 r 2.0
2024 ANNUAL 3.2 r 3.2 r 0.0 r 5.2 r 2.2 r 2.0 r 2.3 r 2.1 r
2024 IV 2.6 r 2.8 r 0.2 4.6 r 1.8 r 1.9 r 1.8 r 1.9
III 3.1 r 3.2 r 0.1 r 4.8 r 2.1 r 1.7 r 2.0 r 1.8
II 3.5 r 3.6 r 0.1 5.3 r 2.0 r 1.8 r 3.2 r 2.4 r
I 3.4 r 3.2 r -0.2 5.9 r 2.6 2.4 r 2.2 r 2.3 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2017=100
2026 III 121.9 129.1 105.9 151.7 110.8 124.4 143.5 132.7
II 120.9 r 128.0 r 105.9 r 150.6 r 110.5 r 124.6 r 141.7 r 132.0 r
I 120.2 r 127.2 r 105.8 r 149.1 r 111.1 r 124.0 r 137.4 r 129.8 r
2025 ANNUAL 118.4 r 125.2 r 105.7 r 144.4 r 109.5 r 121.9 r 133.8 r 127.1 r
2025 IV 119.8 r 126.6 r 105.6 r 147.3 r 110.6 r 122.9 r 135.8 r 128.5 r
III 119.5 r 126.2 r 105.7 r 145.1 r 109.7 r 121.5 r 135.4 r 127.5 r
II 118.2 r 124.8 r 105.6 r 143.5 r 109.3 r 121.5 r 132.8 r 126.4 r
I 117.0 r 123.3 r 105.4 r 142.5 r 109.0 r 121.8 r 130.9 r 125.8 r
2024 ANNUAL 115.8 r 121.9 r 105.3 r 138.6 r 108.0 r 119.7 r 129.8 r 124.1 r
2024 IV 117.0 r 123.3 r 105.4 r 140.7 r 108.6 r 120.3 r 130.8 r 124.8 r
III 116.4 r 122.5 r 105.3 r 139.3 r 108.4 r 119.7 r 130.0 r 124.2 r
II 115.4 r 121.5 r 105.3 r 137.8 r 107.6 r 119.5 r 129.9 r 124.0 r
I 114.4 r 120.3 r 105.2 r 136.4 r 107.1 r 119.2 r 128.6 r 123.3 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. November 5, 2026
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2026 III 0.3 1.3 1.0 3.0 1.2 2.7
II 2.9 r 5.8 r 2.9 2.4 r -3.4 r -0.4 r
I 2.2 2.2 r 0.0 6.0 r 2.3 r 3.7 r
2025 ANNUAL 1.8 1.0 -0.9 4.4 r 1.6 r 2.5 r
2025 IV -3.6 -3.8 -0.3 6.4 r 3.8 r 10.3 r
III 3.5 2.8 -0.6 4.4 r 1.3 r 0.9 r
II 3.1 2.9 -0.3 3.5 r 1.8 r 0.3 r
I 4.5 3.9 -0.6 5.9 r 2.1 r 1.3 r
2024 ANNUAL 0.3 -0.9 -1.2 5.1 r 2.1 r 4.8 r
2024 IV 0.0 -2.1 -2.1 2.4 r -0.8 r 2.4 r
III -0.5 -2.3 -1.8 4.9 r 3.5 r 5.4 r
II 0.9 1.1 0.2 5.1 2.3 4.1
I -1.3 -2.0 -0.7 3.2 r -0.5 r 4.6 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2026 III 0.4 1.3 0.9 4.4 0.9 4.0
II 1.2 r 1.7 r 0.5 4.8 r 1.0 r 3.6 r
I 1.3 1.0 -0.3 5.1 r 2.3 3.7
2025 ANNUAL 1.8 1.0 -0.9 4.4 r 1.6 r 2.5 r
2025 IV 1.8 1.4 -0.4 5.0 r 2.2 r 3.1 r
III 2.8 1.8 -0.9 4.0 r 1.1 r 1.2 r
II 1.8 0.5 -1.2 4.1 1.6 2.3
I 1.2 0.1 -1.1 4.6 r 1.8 r 3.3 r
2024 ANNUAL 0.3 -0.9 -1.2 5.1 r 2.1 r 4.8 r
2024 IV -0.2 -1.4 -1.1 3.9 1.1 4.1
III 0.4 -1.0 -1.4 5.1 r 2.4 r 4.7 r
II 0.2 -0.6 -0.8 5.4 r 2.2 r 5.2 r
I 1.1 -0.7 -1.8 6.5 r 3.2 r 5.4 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2017=100
2026 III 100.6 100.5 100.0 141.6 103.5 140.8
II 100.5 r 100.2 r 99.7 r 140.6 r 103.2 r 139.9 r
I 99.8 r 98.8 r 99.0 139.8 r 104.1 r 140.0 r
2025 ANNUAL 99.2 98.5 99.3 134.9 r 102.4 r 136.1 r
2025 IV 99.3 98.3 99.0 137.7 r 103.5 r 138.8 r
III 100.2 99.2 99.1 135.6 r 102.5 r 135.4 r
II 99.3 98.6 99.2 134.2 r 102.2 r 135.1 r
I 98.5 97.9 99.3 133.0 r 101.7 r 135.0 r
2024 ANNUAL 97.4 97.5 100.2 129.3 r 100.7 r 132.7 r
2024 IV 97.5 96.9 99.4 131.1 r 101.2 r 134.5 r
III 97.5 97.4 100.0 130.4 r 101.4 r 133.7 r
II 97.6 98.0 100.4 128.8 r 100.5 r 132.0 r
I 97.4 97.8 100.4 127.2 r 100.0 r 130.7 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. November 5, 2026
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor
costs, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2026 III 2.2 3.8 1.6 2.8 1.0 0.5
II 4.6 r 9.8 r 5.0 r 2.1 r -3.8 r -2.4 r
I 4.9 5.2 0.3 9.0 r 5.2 r 3.9 r
2025 ANNUAL 2.6 1.5 -1.1 5.0 r 2.2 r 2.3 r
2025 IV -4.0 -3.3 0.7 6.2 r 3.6 r 10.6 r
III 5.8 3.8 -1.9 5.3 r 2.1 r -0.5 r
II 4.3 4.7 0.4 2.7 r 1.1 r -1.5 r
I 7.7 7.5 -0.1 7.2 r 3.4 r -0.4 r
2024 ANNUAL -0.5 -2.1 -1.7 5.6 r 2.6 r 6.1 r
2024 IV -2.0 -4.6 -2.6 3.3 r 0.1 r 5.5 r
III -0.4 -4.5 -4.1 6.8 r 5.4 r 7.2 r
II -0.1 0.3 0.4 3.3 r 0.6 r 3.4 r
I -0.2 -2.4 -2.2 4.4 r 0.7 r 4.7 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2026 III 1.9 3.8 1.9 5.0 1.5 3.0
II 2.7 r 3.8 r 1.0 5.6 1.7 2.8 r
I 2.7 2.5 -0.1 5.8 r 3.0 r 3.0 r
2025 ANNUAL 2.6 1.5 -1.1 5.0 r 2.2 r 2.3 r
2025 IV 3.3 3.1 -0.2 5.3 r 2.5 r 1.9 r
III 3.9 2.8 -1.1 4.6 r 1.7 r 0.7 r
II 2.3 0.6 -1.6 5.0 r 2.5 r 2.6
I 1.2 -0.4 -1.6 5.1 r 2.3 r 3.9 r
2024 ANNUAL -0.5 -2.1 -1.7 5.6 r 2.6 r 6.1 r
2024 IV -0.7 -2.8 -2.1 4.4 r 1.7 r 5.2 r
III -0.1 -2.5 -2.4 5.8 r 3.1 r 5.9 r
II -1.1 -1.8 -0.6 5.3 r 2.0 r 6.5 r
I 0.4 -1.5 -1.8 7.4 r 4.0 r 7.0 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2017=100
2026 III 101.2 101.4 100.2 143.0 104.5 141.2
II 100.7 r 100.5 r 99.8 r 142.0 r 104.2 r 141.1 r
I 99.6 r 98.2 r 98.6 141.3 r 105.2 r 141.9 r
2025 ANNUAL 98.0 96.8 98.8 135.5 r 102.7 r 138.2 r
2025 IV 98.4 96.9 98.6 138.3 r 103.9 r 140.6 r
III 99.4 97.8 98.4 136.2 r 103.0 r 137.1 r
II 98.0 96.9 98.8 134.5 r 102.5 r 137.3 r
I 97.0 95.8 98.8 133.6 r 102.2 r 137.8 r
2024 ANNUAL 95.5 95.4 99.9 129.0 r 100.5 r 135.1 r
2024 IV 95.2 94.0 98.8 131.3 r 101.3 r 137.9 r
III 95.7 95.1 99.4 130.2 r 101.3 r 136.1 r
II 95.8 96.2 100.5 128.1 r 100.0 r 133.7 r
I 95.8 96.2 100.4 127.1 r 99.8 r 132.6 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. November 5, 2026
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor
costs, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2026 III -1.7 -1.6 0.1 3.2 1.4 5.0
II 2.0 r 1.5 r -0.5 r 2.5 r -3.4 r 0.5 r
I -0.6 -1.1 r -0.5 0.3 r -3.1 r 0.9 r
2025 ANNUAL 0.8 0.4 -0.4 3.3 r 0.6 r 2.5 r
2025 IV -2.6 -4.5 -1.9 6.5 r 3.9 r 9.4 r
III 0.3 1.8 1.5 3.2 r 0.1 r 2.9 r
II 2.3 0.9 -1.4 4.7 r 3.0 r 2.3 r
I 1.5 0.2 -1.3 3.2 r -0.4 r 1.8 r
2024 ANNUAL 0.8 0.4 -0.4 4.3 r 1.3 r 3.4 r
2024 IV 1.9 0.5 -1.3 0.8 r -2.3 r -1.1 r
III -2.0 0.1 2.1 1.9 r 0.6 r 4.0 r
II 2.2 2.0 -0.1 8.6 r 5.7 r 6.3 r
I -3.4 -1.7 1.8 1.2 r -2.4 r 4.8 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2026 III -0.7 -1.4 -0.7 3.1 -0.3 3.9
II -0.2 -0.6 -0.4 3.1 r -0.7 r 3.4 r
I -0.2 -0.8 -0.6 3.7 r 0.9 r 3.8 r
2025 ANNUAL 0.8 0.4 -0.4 3.3 r 0.6 r 2.5 r
2025 IV 0.4 -0.4 -0.8 4.4 r 1.6 r 4.1 r
III 1.5 0.8 -0.6 3.0 r 0.1 r 1.5 r
II 0.9 0.4 -0.5 2.7 r 0.2 r 1.7 r
I 0.9 0.7 -0.2 3.6 r 0.8 r 2.7 r
2024 ANNUAL 0.8 0.4 -0.4 4.3 r 1.3 r 3.4 r
2024 IV -0.4 0.2 0.6 3.1 r 0.3 r 3.5 r
III 0.3 0.6 0.3 3.9 r 1.2 r 3.6 r
II 1.8 0.7 -1.1 5.7 r 2.4 3.7
I 1.9 0.2 -1.7 5.0 r 1.7 r 3.0 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2017=100
2026 III 99.3 98.9 99.6 138.9 101.5 139.9
II 99.7 r 99.2 r 99.5 r 137.8 r 101.1 r 138.2 r
I 99.2 r 98.9 r 99.7 136.9 r 102.0 r 138.0 r
2025 ANNUAL 99.5 99.7 100.2 134.1 r 101.7 r 134.7 r
2025 IV 99.4 99.2 99.8 136.8 r 102.8 r 137.7 r
III 100.0 100.3 100.3 134.7 r 101.8 r 134.7 r
II 100.0 99.9 99.9 133.6 r 101.8 r 133.7 r
I 99.4 99.6 100.3 132.1 r 101.0 r 132.9 r
2024 ANNUAL 98.7 99.4 100.6 129.8 r 101.1 r 131.5 r
2024 IV 99.0 99.6 100.6 131.0 r 101.1 r 132.3 r
III 98.6 99.5 100.9 130.8 r 101.7 r 132.7 r
II 99.1 99.4 100.4 130.2 r 101.6 r 131.4 r
I 98.5 98.9 100.4 127.5 r 100.2 r 129.4 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. November 5, 2026
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs,
unit profits, and prices, seasonally adjusted.
Value-
Real added Unit
Hourly hourly output Unit combined
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit price nonlabor input Unit
and produc- Hours sation sation labor deflator costs costs profits
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (4) (6) (7) (8)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2026 II 3.4 r 5.3 r 1.8 r 3.0 r -2.9 r -0.4 r 5.9 r -0.2 r -0.3 r 39.1 r
I 3.0 r 4.5 r 1.4 5.5 r 1.9 r 2.4 r 3.1 r -3.1 r 0.5 r 16.0 r
2025 ANNUAL 2.1 r 2.3 r 0.2 4.0 r 1.3 r 1.9 r 2.6 r 6.7 r 3.4 r -0.8 r
2025 IV 4.2 3.5 -0.7 3.7 r 1.2 r -0.5 r 1.9 r 4.9 r 1.2 r 5.5 r
III 3.9 r 4.5 r 0.6 6.0 r 2.8 r 2.0 r 4.2 r 7.5 r 3.8 r 6.1 r
II 2.9 r 3.8 r 0.9 0.4 r -1.2 r -2.4 r 0.6 r 10.0 r 1.5 r -3.3 r
I 0.5 r -0.1 r -0.7 7.1 r 3.3 r 6.5 r 4.8 r 10.4 r 7.7 r -8.2 r
2024 ANNUAL 2.4 r 2.3 r -0.1 5.3 r 2.3 r 2.8 r 2.5 r 3.2 r 2.9 r 0.7 r
2024 IV 3.9 r 3.8 r 0.0 6.4 r 3.1 r 2.4 r 2.1 r 2.1 r 2.3 r 0.8 r
III 1.5 r 1.2 r -0.3 1.3 r 0.0 r -0.2 r 0.9 r 4.1 r 1.1 r -0.2 r
II -0.2 r 0.5 r 0.7 1.1 r -1.6 r 1.3 r 3.2 r 1.2 r 1.3 r 12.7 r
I 2.5 r 2.3 r -0.1 r 11.7 r 7.7 r 9.0 r 2.7 r 7.9 r 8.7 r -20.7 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2026 II 3.6 r 4.4 r 0.8 r 4.5 r 0.7 r 0.8 r 3.8 r 2.2 r 1.3 r 15.9 r
I 3.5 r 4.1 r 0.5 3.9 r 1.1 r 0.3 r 2.4 4.7 r 1.7 r 5.9 r
2025 ANNUAL 2.1 r 2.3 r 0.2 4.0 r 1.3 r 1.9 r 2.6 r 6.7 r 3.4 r -0.8 r
2025 IV 2.9 r 2.9 r 0.0 4.3 r 1.5 r 1.3 r 2.9 r 8.2 r 3.5 r -0.2 r
III 2.8 r 3.0 r 0.2 4.9 r 2.0 r 2.1 r 2.9 r 7.5 r 3.8 r -1.3 r
II 2.2 r 2.2 r 0.0 3.8 r 1.3 r 1.5 r 2.1 r 6.6 r 3.1 r -2.8 r
I 1.4 r 1.3 r -0.1 3.9 r 1.2 r 2.5 r 2.7 r 4.4 r 3.1 r 1.0 r
2024 ANNUAL 2.4 r 2.3 r -0.1 5.3 r 2.3 r 2.8 r 2.5 r 3.2 r 2.9 r 0.7 r
2024 IV 1.9 r 2.0 r 0.1 5.0 r 2.2 r 3.1 r 2.2 r 3.8 r 3.3 r -2.6
III 2.0 r 2.0 r 0.0 4.3 r 1.6 r 2.3 r 2.3 r 3.5 r 2.7 r 0.6 r
II 2.3 r 2.4 r 0.1 5.2 r 1.9 r 2.8 r 2.9 r 2.8 r 2.8 r 3.6 r
I 3.1 r 2.9 r -0.2 6.5 3.1 r 3.2 r 2.8 r 2.7 r 3.1 r 1.6 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2017=100
2026 II 121.8 r 129.8 r 106.6 r 150.7 r 110.6 r 123.7 r 132.9 r 124.3 r 123.9 r 193.7 r
I 120.8 r 128.1 r 106.1 r 149.6 r 111.4 r 123.8 r 131.0 r 124.4 r 124.0 r 178.3 r
2025 ANNUAL 118.0 r 125.0 r 105.9 r 145.3 r 110.2 r 123.1 r 128.9 r 122.4 r 122.9 r 169.2 r
2025 IV 119.9 r 126.7 r 105.7 r 147.6 r 110.9 r 123.1 r 130.1 r 125.3 r 123.8 r 171.8 r
III 118.6 r 125.7 r 105.9 r 146.3 r 110.6 r 123.3 r 129.4 r 123.8 r 123.5 r 169.6 r
II 117.5 r 124.3 r 105.8 r 144.2 r 109.8 r 122.7 r 128.1 r 121.6 r 122.3 r 167.1 r
I 116.7 r 123.1 r 105.5 r 144.0 r 110.2 r 123.4 r 127.9 r 118.7 r 121.9 r 168.5 r
2024 ANNUAL 115.5 r 122.1 r 105.7 139.6 r 108.8 r 120.9 r 125.6 r 114.7 r 118.9 r 170.6 r
2024 IV 116.5 r 123.2 r 105.7 r 141.6 r 109.3 r 121.5 r 126.4 r 115.8 r 119.6 r 172.1 r
III 115.4 r 122.0 r 105.7 r 139.4 r 108.4 r 120.8 r 125.8 r 115.3 r 119.0 r 171.8 r
II 115.0 r 121.7 r 105.8 r 138.9 r 108.4 r 120.8 r 125.5 r 114.1 r 118.6 r 171.9 r
I 115.1 r 121.5 r 105.6 r 138.6 r 108.9 r 120.4 r 124.5 r 113.8 r 118.3 r 166.8 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. November 5, 2026
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census Bureau of
the U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor;
and the Federal Reserve Board. Hours and compensation data are from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics and the Bureau of Economic Analysis.
SIZE OF REVISIONS: Productivity and cost measures are revised on a regular schedule as
more complete data become available. The first estimate is published within 40 days of the close
of the reference quarter, the second estimate approximately 30 days later, and the third estimate
approximately 60 days after the second estimate. Based on past revisions, the third estimate of
nonfarm business sector quarterly labor productivity growth has differed from the first estimate
by -1.1 to +1.4 percentage points about 80 percent of the time. This interval is based on estimates
for reference quarters from the first quarter of 2001 to the second quarter of 2026. For more
about revisions to labor productivity growth see “Revisions to BLS quarterly labor productivity
estimates: How large are they?” at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2022/article/revisions-to-bls-
quarterly-labor-productivity-estimates-how-large-are-they.htm.
Table Footnotes
(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance and
private benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial corporations, where there are no self-employed,
data also include an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-
employed.
(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers
(CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2025 is based on the Consumer Price Index Retroactive series
(CPI-U-RS).
(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production
and imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer
payments, rental income of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.
(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.
(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is calculated using index
numbers to three decimal places. Indexes published in the news release are rounded to one
decimal place for convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual
indexes to three decimal places.
(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on production and imports
less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous payments, and business current transfer payments.
(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.
(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory valuation and capital
consumption adjustment.
United States Department of Labor
