Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL 17-1615
8:30 a.m. (EST) Wednesday, December 6, 2017
Technical information: (202) 691-5606 Productivity@bls.gov www.bls.gov/lpc
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Third Quarter 2017, Revised
Nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased 3.0 percent during the
third quarter of 2017, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, as
output increased 4.1 percent and hours worked increased 1.1 percent. The
productivity increase was the largest since the third quarter of 2014, when
output per hour increased 4.4 percent. (All quarterly percent changes in this
release are seasonally adjusted annual rates.) From the third quarter of 2016
to the third quarter of 2017, productivity increased 1.5 percent, reflecting
a 3.0-percent increase in output and a 1.5-percent increase in hours worked.
(See tables A1 and 2.)
Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index of
real output by an index of hours worked by all persons, including employees,
proprietors, and unpaid family workers.
Unit labor costs in the nonfarm business sector declined 0.2 percent in the
third quarter of 2017, as the 3.0-percent increase in productivity was greater
than a 2.7-percent increase in hourly compensation. Unit labor costs decreased
0.7 percent over the last four quarters. (See tables A1 and 2.)
BLS calculates unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor
productivity. Increases in hourly compensation tend to increase unit labor
costs, and increases in output per hour tend to reduce them.
Manufacturing sector labor productivity fell 4.4 percent in the third quarter
of 2017, as output decreased 1.1 percent and hours worked increased 3.5
percent. This was the largest quarterly decline in manufacturing sector
productivity since the fourth quarter of 2008 (-5.4 percent). Productivity
decreased 4.7 percent in the durable goods manufacturing sector and 4.4
percent in the nondurable goods sector in the third quarter of 2017. Over the
last four quarters, total manufacturing sector productivity increased 0.3
percent, as output increased 1.5 percent and hours worked increased 1.2
percent. Unit labor costs in manufacturing increased 4.8 percent in the third
quarter of 2017 and rose 0.3 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See
tables A1 and 3.)
The concepts, sources, and methods used for the manufacturing output series
differ from those used in the business and nonfarm business output series;
these output measures are not directly comparable. See the Technical Notes for
a more detailed explanation.
Preliminary third-quarter 2017 measures of productivity and costs were
announced for the nonfinancial corporate sector. Productivity was unchanged
in the third quarter of 2017 and increased 0.2 percent over the last four
quarters. Unit labor costs increased 2.5 percent in the third quarter of 2017
and increased 0.6 percent over the last four quarters. (See tables A2 and 6.)
Revised measures
Measures released today are based on more recent source data than were
available for the preliminary report. Regular updates of source data from the
BLS, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), and the Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System are reflected in data for the second and third quarters
of 2017.
Table B1 presents revised and previous productivity and related measures for
the nonfarm business, business, and manufacturing sectors for the third
quarter of 2017. Revised quarterly and annual series for all sectors in
recent years appear in tables 1-6. Historical annual indexes for the
manufacturing sectors appear in appendix tables 1-3.
In the third quarter of 2017, nonfarm business labor productivity increased
3.0 percent--the same as the preliminary estimate; output and hours worked
were both revised up by 0.3 percentage points. Unit labor costs were revised
from a 0.5-percent increase to a 0.2-percent decline for the third quarter of
2017. In the manufacturing sector, productivity decreased 4.4 percent rather
than declining 5.0 percent as previously reported, as an upward revision to
output was greater than an upward revision to hours worked. Unit labor costs
increased 4.8 percent, a smaller increase than the preliminary estimate.
Table B2 shows previous and revised productivity and related measures for the
nonfarm business, business, manufacturing and nonfinancial corporate sectors
for the second quarter of 2017.
In the second quarter of 2017, nonfarm business labor productivity, output,
and hours were unrevised. Unit labor costs decreased 1.2 percent, rather than
increasing 0.3 percent as previously reported. In the manufacturing sector,
productivity was revised up 0.2 percentage point to an increase of 3.6
percent, due to a slight upward revision to output. Unit labor costs decreased
1.2 percent instead of a decline of 1.0 percent.
Second-quarter 2017 measures of productivity and costs were revised for the
nonfinancial corporate sector. Productivity increased 3.3 percent rather than
4.4 percent as reported on November 2. Unit labor costs decreased 3.0 percent
rather than the preliminary estimate of a 2.3-percent decline.
There were historical revisions to manufacturing output and all related
measures--including productivity--back to 1987 to reflect revised output
indexes constructed by the BLS using an improved methodology for estimating
the sectoral output of manufacturing industries. A new technique for
benchmarking output estimates to the Economic Census was an important
component of the revisions, and the period between Census years 2007 and 2012
saw the largest revisions. For more complete information see
www.bls.gov/mfp/sectoraloutputrevisions.htm.
Revisions to labor productivity mirrored revisions to output; hours worked
were not revised. A large upward revision to the change in the annual
manufacturing productivity index from 2008 to 2009 was more than offset by
downward revisions in adjacent years, and the average annual rate of growth
from 2007 to 2012 was revised down from 2.9 percent to 1.2 percent. The
average annual rate of manufacturing productivity growth during the current
business cycle from 2007 to 2016 was revised down from 1.6 percent to 0.9
percent, and the long-term rate for the entire series from 1987 to 2016 is
now 2.8 percent, compared to the previous estimate of 3.2 percent.
Hourly compensation and all related measures for the manufacturing sectors
also were revised, from 1987 to 2000, to incorporate source data on
compensation published by the BEA November 2, 2017.
Full historical annual and quarterly measures can be found on the productivity
and costs home page: www.bls.gov/lpc/#data.
______________
The preliminary Productivity and Costs news release for fourth-quarter and
annual averages 2017 is scheduled to be released on Thursday, February 1, 2018
at 8:30 a.m. (EST).
==============================================================================
Calendar year 2018 release dates for Productivity and Costs news releases are
now available at www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/prod2.htm.
==============================================================================
=========================================================================================================================
Table A1. Labor productivity growth and related measures - revised third-quarter 2017
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate and from same quarter a year ago)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector Percent change from: productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business Previous quarter 3.0 4.1 1.1 2.7 0.7 -0.2
A year ago 1.5 3.0 1.5 0.8 -1.1 -0.7
Business Previous quarter 3.6 4.1 0.5 3.3 1.3 -0.3
A year ago 1.5 2.8 1.3 1.0 -0.9 -0.5
Manufacturing Previous quarter -4.4 -1.1 3.5 0.2 -1.8 4.8
A Year ago 0.3 1.5 1.2 0.6 -1.3 0.3
Durable
manufacturing Previous quarter -4.7 -1.7 3.1 0.1 -1.9 5.0
A year ago 0.3 1.4 1.0 0.9 -1.0 0.6
Nondurable
manufacturing Previous quarter -4.4 -0.4 4.1 0.5 -1.5 5.1
A year ago 0.2 1.6 1.4 0.1 -1.8 -0.1
=========================================================================================================================
Table A2. Labor productivity growth and related measures - preliminary third-quarter 2017
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate and from same quarter a year ago)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector Percent change from: productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfinancial Previous quarter 0.0 1.3 1.2 2.5 0.5 2.5
corporate A year ago 0.2 1.9 1.7 0.8 -1.1 0.6
=========================================================================================================================
Table B1. Labor productivity growth and related measures - revised and previously published third-quarter 2017
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business Revised 3.0 4.1 1.1 2.7 0.7 -0.2
Previously published 3.0 3.8 0.8 3.5 1.5 0.5
Business Revised 3.6 4.1 0.5 3.3 1.3 -0.3
Previously published 3.6 3.8 0.1 4.1 2.0 0.4
Manufacturing Revised -4.4 -1.1 3.5 0.2 -1.8 4.8
Previously published -5.0 -2.1 3.1 0.9 -1.1 6.2
Durable Revised -4.7 -1.7 3.1 0.1 -1.9 5.0
manufacturing Previously published -5.7 -3.4 2.5 0.5 -1.4 6.7
Nondurable Revised -4.4 -0.4 4.1 0.5 -1.5 5.1
manufacturing Previously published -4.6 -0.7 4.1 1.6 -0.4 6.5
=========================================================================================================================
Table B2. Labor productivity growth and related measures - revised and previously published second-quarter 2017
(percent change from previous quarter at annual rate)
Labor Hours Hourly Real hourly Unit labor
Sector productivity Output worked compensation compensation costs
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonfarm business Revised 1.5 3.9 2.4 0.3 0.6 -1.2
Previously published 1.5 3.9 2.4 1.8 2.1 0.3
Business Revised 1.4 3.7 2.3 0.3 0.7 -1.0
Previously published 1.4 3.7 2.3 1.9 2.2 0.4
Manufacturing Revised 3.6 2.9 -0.6 2.3 2.6 -1.2
Previously published 3.4 2.8 -0.6 2.4 2.7 -1.0
Durable
manufacturing Revised 5.3 2.6 -2.6 5.6 5.9 0.2
Previously published 5.0 2.3 -2.6 3.0 3.4 -1.9
Nondurable
manufacturing Revised 0.4 3.3 2.9 -3.3 -3.0 -3.6
Previously published 0.4 3.3 2.9 1.5 1.9 1.1
Nonfinancial Revised 3.3 6.4 3.0 0.2 0.5 -3.0
corporate Previously published 4.4 7.5 3.0 2.0 2.3 -2.3
=========================================================================================================================
TECHNICAL NOTES
Labor Hours
Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures include hours worked
for all persons working in the sector—wage and salary workers, the self-
employed and unpaid family workers. The primary source of hours and employment
data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, which provides
monthly survey data on the number of jobs held by wage and salary workers in
nonfarm establishments, counting a person who is employed by two or more
establishments at each place of employment. The CES also provides average
weekly paid hours of production and nonsupervisory workers in these
establishments. Weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours worked using data from
the National Compensation Survey (NCS) for 1996 forward and data from the BLS
Hours at Work survey, conducted for this purpose, prior to 1990. Between 1990
and 1995, weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours at work using a combination
of NCS and Hours at Work survey data. The Office of Productivity and
Technology estimates average weekly hours at work for nonproduction and
supervisory workers using information from the Current Population Survey
(CPS), the CES, and the NCS.
Data from the CPS are used to estimate hours worked for farm labor, nonfarm
proprietors, and nonfarm unpaid family workers. Using CPS information on
employment and hours worked at primary jobs and all other jobs, separately,
the BLS productivity measures assign all hours worked to the appropriate
industrial sector. Hours for government enterprises are derived from the CPS,
the CES, and the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the Department of Commerce.
Output
Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index constructed
after excluding from gross domestic product (GDP) the following outputs:
general government, nonprofit institutions, and private households (including
owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions also are made in labor
hours. Business output accounted for about 75 percent of the value of GDP in
2016. Nonfarm business, which excludes farming, also accounted for about 75
percent of GDP in 2016.
Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods
components are constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of
production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with deflators from the
BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price program and
other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual weights, and
intrasector transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing output measures
are based on the indexes of industrial production prepared monthly by the
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted to be consistent
with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output prepared by BLS.
Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index
calculated on the basis of the costs incurred and the incomes earned from
production. The output measure excludes the following outputs from GDP:
general government; nonprofit institutions; private households; unincorporated
business; and those corporations classified as offices of bank holding
companies, offices of other holding companies, or offices in the finance and
insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted for about 50 percent of
the value of GDP in 2016.
Labor Productivity
The measure describes the relationship between real output and the labor time
involved in its production. Measures of labor productivity growth show the
changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services produced per
hour worked. They reflect the joint effects of many influences, including
changes in technology; capital investment; level of output; utilization of
capacity, energy, and materials; the organization of production; managerial
skill; and the characteristics and effort of the work force.
Labor Compensation
The measure includes accrued wages and salaries, supplements, employer
contributions to employee benefit plans, and taxes. Estimates of labor
compensation by major sector, required for measures of hourly compensation and
unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee compensation data from the
NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of employees in general
government, nonprofit institutions and private households are subtracted from
compensation of employees in domestic industries to derive employee
compensation for the business sector. The labor compensation of proprietors
cannot be explicitly identified and must be estimated. This is done by
assuming that proprietors have the same hourly compensation as employees in
the same sector. The quarterly labor productivity and cost measures do not
contain estimates of compensation for unpaid family workers.
Unit Labor Costs
These measures describe the relationship between compensation per hour and
labor productivity, or real output per hour, and can be used as an indicator
of inflationary pressure on producers. Increases in hourly compensation
increase unit labor costs; labor productivity increases offset compensation
increases and lower unit labor costs.
Presentation of the data
The quarterly data in this release are presented in three ways: as percent
changes from the previous quarter presented at a compound annual rate, as
percent changes from the corresponding quarter of the previous year, and as
index number series where 2009=100. Annual data are presented both as index
number series and percent changes from the previous year.
The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity and costs
news release are rounded to one decimal place. All percent changes in this
release and on the BLS web site are calculated using index numbers to three
decimal places. A complete historical series of these index numbers are
available at the BLS web site, www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the
BLS Division of Major Sector Productivity (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email
productivity@bls.gov).
For a more detailed explanation of methodology see "Technical Information
About the Major Sector Productivity and Costs Methods" at
www.bls.gov/lpc/lpcmethods.pdf.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay Service
number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted.
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor payments deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2017 III 3.6 4.1 r 0.5 r 3.3 r 1.3 r -0.3 r 5.0 r 2.0
II 1.4 3.7 2.3 0.3 r 0.7 r -1.0 r 2.8 r 0.6
I -0.8 1.4 2.1 4.3 1.1 5.1 -3.0 1.5
2016 ANNUAL 0.0 1.6 1.6 1.0 -0.2 1.0 1.0 1.0
2016 IV 2.0 2.2 0.2 -3.7 -6.5 -5.5 13.3 2.2
III 2.7 3.3 0.6 2.8 1.0 0.1 2.5 1.1
II 0.6 2.6 2.0 4.4 2.0 3.7 0.0 2.1
I -1.1 0.4 1.5 -3.8 -3.9 -2.8 5.2 0.5
2015 ANNUAL 1.2 3.5 2.3 2.9 2.8 1.7 -0.8 0.6
2015 IV -2.7 0.2 3.0 4.3 3.9 7.2 -9.3 -0.2
III 1.6 1.6 0.0 1.2 -0.3 -0.4 3.1 1.1
II 1.6 3.3 1.7 3.9 1.5 2.3 1.6 2.0
I 2.4 4.0 1.5 3.0 5.6 0.5 -2.4 -0.7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2017 III 1.5 2.8 1.3 r 1.0 r -0.9 r -0.5 r 4.4 r 1.6
II 1.3 2.6 1.3 0.9 r -1.0 r -0.4 r 3.7 r 1.4
I 1.1 2.4 1.2 1.9 -0.7 0.8 3.0 1.7
2016 ANNUAL 0.0 1.6 1.6 1.0 -0.2 1.0 1.0 1.0
2016 IV 1.0 2.1 1.1 -0.1 -1.9 -1.2 5.1 1.5
III -0.1 1.6 1.8 1.9 0.7 2.0 -0.6 0.9
II -0.4 1.2 1.6 1.5 0.4 1.9 -0.4 0.9
I -0.2 1.4 1.5 1.3 0.2 1.5 0.0 0.8
2015 ANNUAL 1.2 3.5 2.3 2.9 2.8 1.7 -0.8 0.6
2015 IV 0.7 2.3 1.6 3.1 2.6 2.4 -1.9 0.5
III 0.9 2.8 1.9 3.2 3.0 2.3 -1.6 0.6
II 1.4 4.1 2.7 3.5 3.5 2.1 -1.1 0.7
I 1.6 4.8 3.1 1.9 1.9 0.3 1.5 0.8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2017 III 108.8 r 124.2 r 114.1 r 117.9 r 103.1 r 108.3 r 117.8 r 112.3 r
II 107.9 123.0 114.0 116.9 r 102.8 r 108.4 r 116.4 r 111.7
I 107.5 121.8 113.3 116.8 102.7 108.7 115.6 111.6
2016 ANNUAL 106.9 120.3 112.5 115.7 103.4 108.2 113.4 110.4
2016 IV 107.7 121.4 112.7 115.6 102.4 107.3 116.5 111.2
III 107.2 120.8 112.7 116.7 104.1 108.9 112.9 110.5
II 106.5 119.8 112.5 115.9 103.9 108.8 112.2 110.2
I 106.3 119.0 112.0 114.6 103.3 107.8 112.2 109.7
2015 ANNUAL 106.9 118.4 110.7 114.5 103.7 107.1 112.3 109.3
2015 IV 106.6 118.9 111.5 115.8 104.4 108.6 110.8 109.5
III 107.3 118.8 110.7 114.6 103.4 106.7 113.5 109.6
II 106.9 118.4 110.7 114.2 103.5 106.9 112.6 109.3
I 106.5 117.4 110.3 113.1 103.1 106.3 112.2 108.7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. December 6, 2017
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and
prices, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor payments deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2017 III 3.0 4.1 r 1.1 r 2.7 r 0.7 r -0.2 r 5.2 r 2.1
II 1.5 3.9 2.4 0.3 r 0.6 r -1.2 r 3.0 r 0.6
I 0.1 1.8 1.6 4.9 1.7 4.8 -3.9 0.9
2016 ANNUAL -0.1 1.5 1.6 1.0 -0.2 1.1 1.4 1.2
2016 IV 1.3 2.2 1.0 -4.5 -7.3 -5.7 13.9 2.3
III 2.5 3.3 0.8 2.5 0.7 0.1 3.1 1.3
II 0.8 2.5 1.7 4.8 2.4 3.9 0.0 2.2
I -1.2 0.2 1.4 -3.8 -3.9 -2.7 5.8 0.9
2015 ANNUAL 1.3 3.4 2.1 3.1 3.0 1.8 -0.3 0.9
2015 IV -2.6 0.3 2.9 4.5 4.1 7.2 -8.8 0.1
III 1.3 1.3 0.0 1.1 -0.4 -0.2 3.0 1.2
II 1.3 3.3 2.0 3.6 1.2 2.3 1.5 1.9
I 2.7 4.0 1.2 3.3 6.0 0.6 -0.9 0.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2017 III 1.5 3.0 r 1.5 r 0.8 r -1.1 r -0.7 r 4.4 r 1.5
II 1.3 2.8 1.4 0.8 r -1.1 r -0.6 r 3.8 r 1.3
I 1.2 2.5 1.3 1.9 -0.7 0.7 3.1 1.7
2016 ANNUAL -0.1 1.5 1.6 1.0 -0.2 1.1 1.4 1.2
2016 IV 0.8 2.1 1.2 -0.3 -2.1 -1.2 5.6 1.7
III -0.1 1.6 1.7 1.9 0.8 2.1 -0.1 1.1
II -0.4 1.1 1.5 1.6 0.5 2.0 -0.2 1.1
I -0.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 0.2 1.6 0.2 1.0
2015 ANNUAL 1.3 3.4 2.1 3.1 3.0 1.8 -0.3 0.9
2015 IV 0.7 2.2 1.5 3.1 2.7 2.4 -1.4 0.8
III 0.8 2.7 1.9 3.3 3.1 2.4 -1.3 0.8
II 1.6 4.1 2.5 3.8 3.8 2.2 -0.5 1.0
I 1.9 4.7 2.8 2.3 2.3 0.4 2.0 1.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2017 III 108.9 r 124.4 r 114.3 r 118.0 r 103.2 r 108.4 r 117.8 r 112.3 r
II 108.1 123.1 113.9 117.2 r 103.0 r 108.4 r 116.3 r 111.7
I 107.7 122.0 113.3 117.1 102.9 108.7 115.5 111.5
2016 ANNUAL 107.0 120.2 112.4 116.0 103.7 108.4 113.4 110.5
2016 IV 107.6 121.4 112.8 115.7 102.4 107.5 116.6 111.3
III 107.3 120.8 112.5 117.0 104.4 109.1 112.9 110.7
II 106.6 119.8 112.3 116.3 104.2 109.1 112.0 110.3
I 106.4 119.0 111.9 114.9 103.6 108.0 112.0 109.7
2015 ANNUAL 107.1 118.5 110.7 114.8 103.9 107.2 111.8 109.1
2015 IV 106.7 119.0 111.5 116.1 104.6 108.7 110.4 109.5
III 107.4 118.9 110.7 114.8 103.6 106.9 113.0 109.4
II 107.1 118.5 110.7 114.5 103.7 106.9 112.2 109.1
I 106.7 117.6 110.1 113.5 103.4 106.3 111.8 108.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. December 6, 2017
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2017 III -4.4 r -1.1 r 3.5 r 0.2 r -1.8 r 4.8 r
II 3.6 r 2.9 r -0.6 2.3 r 2.6 r -1.2 r
I 0.2 2.3 2.1 4.4 1.2 4.2
2016 ANNUAL 0.4 r 0.4 r 0.0 0.7 -0.5 0.3 r
2016 IV 2.0 1.8 -0.2 -4.2 -7.1 -6.1
III -0.5 0.2 0.7 2.6 0.8 3.1
II -0.8 -0.9 -0.1 7.1 4.7 8.0
I 1.3 1.0 -0.3 -10.1 -10.2 -11.3
2015 ANNUAL 0.2 r 1.2 r 1.0 2.5 2.4 2.2 r
2015 IV -1.2 r -0.3 r 1.0 9.1 8.7 10.5 r
III 3.1 r 1.9 r -1.2 1.8 0.3 -1.3 r
II 0.7 r 0.8 r 0.0 3.5 1.1 2.7 r
I -0.4 r -0.8 r -0.4 0.0 2.6 0.4 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2017 III 0.3 r 1.5 r 1.2 r 0.6 r -1.3 r 0.3 r
II 1.3 1.8 0.5 1.2 -0.7 -0.1 r
I 0.2 0.8 0.6 2.4 -0.2 2.2
2016 ANNUAL 0.4 r 0.4 r 0.0 0.7 -0.5 0.3 r
2016 IV 0.5 0.5 0.0 -1.4 -3.1 -1.9
III -0.3 r 0.0 r 0.3 1.9 0.7 2.2 r
II 0.6 r 0.4 r -0.2 1.7 0.6 1.1 r
I 1.0 r 0.8 r -0.1 0.8 -0.3 -0.1 r
2015 ANNUAL 0.2 r 1.2 r 1.0 2.5 2.4 2.2 r
2015 IV 0.6 r 0.4 r -0.2 3.5 3.1 3.0 r
III 0.5 r 1.1 r 0.6 2.6 2.4 2.0 r
II -0.1 r 1.2 r 1.3 2.7 2.7 2.8 r
I -0.1 r 2.2 r 2.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2017 III 107.7 r 117.7 r 109.2 r 113.4 r 99.2 r 105.2 r
II 109.0 r 118.0 r 108.3 113.3 r 99.6 r 104.0 r
I 108.0 r 117.2 r 108.5 112.7 99.0 104.3 r
2016 ANNUAL 107.7 r 116.1 r 107.8 111.5 99.7 103.5 r
2016 IV 108.0 r 116.5 r 107.9 111.4 98.7 103.2 r
III 107.4 r 116.0 r 107.9 112.6 100.5 104.9 r
II 107.6 r 115.9 r 107.8 111.9 100.3 104.1 r
I 107.8 r 116.2 r 107.8 110.0 99.2 102.1 r
2015 ANNUAL 107.2 r 115.6 r 107.8 110.7 100.2 103.2 r
2015 IV 107.5 r 115.9 r 107.9 113.0 101.9 105.2 r
III 107.8 r 116.0 r 107.6 110.6 99.8 102.6 r
II 107.0 r 115.4 r 107.9 110.1 99.7 102.9 r
I 106.8 r 115.2 r 107.9 109.1 99.4 102.2 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. December 6, 2017
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor
costs, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2017 III -4.7 r -1.7 r 3.1 r 0.1 r -1.9 r 5.0 r
II 5.3 r 2.6 r -2.6 5.6 r 5.9 r 0.2 r
I -1.0 2.6 3.6 2.5 -0.6 3.6
2016 ANNUAL 0.5 r 0.2 r -0.3 1.0 -0.3 0.5 r
2016 IV 1.8 2.0 0.2 -4.3 -7.1 -6.0
III 0.7 1.0 0.3 2.5 0.7 1.7
II 1.9 0.2 -1.6 9.5 7.0 7.5
I -0.6 0.1 0.7 -11.4 -11.5 -10.9
2015 ANNUAL 0.2 r 0.8 r 0.6 3.0 2.9 2.8 r
2015 IV -2.5 r -1.9 r 0.7 10.8 10.4 13.7 r
III 3.9 r 1.8 r -2.0 1.4 -0.2 -2.4 r
II 1.1 r 0.6 r -0.5 2.8 0.5 1.7 r
I -1.4 r -2.5 r -1.1 2.0 4.6 3.4 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2017 III 0.3 r 1.4 r 1.0 r 0.9 r -1.0 r 0.6 r
II 1.7 r 2.0 0.3 1.5 r -0.4 r -0.2 r
I 0.8 1.4 0.6 2.4 -0.1 1.6
2016 ANNUAL 0.5 r 0.2 r -0.3 1.0 -0.3 0.5 r
2016 IV 1.0 0.8 -0.1 -1.2 -3.0 -2.2
III -0.1 r -0.2 r 0.0 2.4 1.3 2.6 r
II 0.6 r 0.0 r -0.6 2.2 1.1 1.5 r
I 0.4 r 0.1 r -0.3 0.6 -0.5 0.1 r
2015 ANNUAL 0.2 r 0.8 r 0.6 3.0 2.9 2.8 r
2015 IV 0.2 r -0.5 r -0.7 4.2 3.7 3.9 r
III 0.9 r 0.5 r -0.3 3.0 2.9 2.1 r
II -0.1 r 0.8 r 0.9 3.3 3.3 3.4 r
I -0.1 r 2.3 r 2.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2017 III 112.7 r 125.6 r 111.5 r 113.2 r 99.0 r 100.4 r
II 114.0 r 126.2 r 110.6 113.2 r 99.5 r 99.2 r
I 112.6 r 125.4 r 111.4 111.6 98.1 99.2 r
2016 ANNUAL 112.2 r 123.9 r 110.4 110.9 99.1 98.8 r
2016 IV 112.9 r 124.6 r 110.4 111.0 98.3 98.3 r
III 112.3 r 123.9 r 110.3 112.2 100.1 99.8 r
II 112.2 r 123.6 r 110.2 111.5 99.9 99.4 r
I 111.6 r 123.6 r 110.7 109.0 98.2 97.6 r
2015 ANNUAL 111.7 r 123.7 r 110.7 109.8 99.4 98.3 r
2015 IV 111.8 r 123.5 r 110.5 112.3 101.3 100.5 r
III 112.5 r 124.1 r 110.3 109.5 98.8 97.3 r
II 111.4 r 123.6 r 110.9 109.1 98.9 97.9 r
I 111.1 r 123.4 r 111.0 108.4 98.7 97.5 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. December 6, 2017
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor
costs, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Year Labor Hourly hourly Unit
and produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
quarter tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2017 III -4.4 r -0.4 r 4.1 0.5 r -1.5 r 5.1 r
II 0.4 3.3 2.9 -3.3 r -3.0 r -3.6 r
I 2.5 2.0 -0.5 8.0 4.7 5.3
2016 ANNUAL 0.2 0.7 r 0.5 0.4 -0.9 0.1 r
2016 IV 2.3 1.5 -0.8 -4.3 -7.2 -6.5
III -2.2 -0.8 1.5 2.8 1.0 5.2
II -4.5 -2.2 2.5 3.0 0.7 7.9
I 4.0 2.1 -1.8 -7.7 -7.8 -11.3
2015 ANNUAL 0.2 r 1.9 r 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 r
2015 IV 0.1 r 1.6 r 1.4 6.1 5.7 5.9 r
III 1.8 r 2.0 r 0.2 2.8 1.2 1.0 r
II 0.1 r 1.0 r 1.0 4.8 2.4 4.7 r
I 0.6 r 1.3 r 0.7 -3.5 -1.0 -4.1 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2017 III 0.2 r 1.6 r 1.4 0.1 r -1.8 r -0.1 r
II 0.7 1.5 0.8 0.7 r -1.2 r 0.0 r
I -0.5 0.1 0.7 2.3 -0.3 2.8
2016 ANNUAL 0.2 0.7 r 0.5 0.4 -0.9 0.1 r
2016 IV -0.2 0.2 0.3 -1.7 -3.4 -1.5
III -0.7 0.2 r 0.9 0.9 -0.2 1.6
II 0.3 r 0.9 r 0.6 0.9 -0.2 0.6 r
I 1.5 r 1.7 r 0.2 1.3 0.2 -0.2 r
2015 ANNUAL 0.2 r 1.9 r 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 r
2015 IV 0.7 r 1.5 r 0.8 2.5 2.0 1.8 r
III -0.3 r 1.9 r 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.2 r
II -0.1 r 1.8 r 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 r
I 0.4 r 2.3 r 1.9 -0.2 -0.1 -0.6 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2017 III 105.1 r 111.0 r 105.6 113.1 r 99.0 r 107.6 r
II 106.3 r 111.1 r 104.6 113.0 r 99.4 r 106.3 r
I 106.2 r 110.2 r 103.8 113.9 100.1 107.3 r
2016 ANNUAL 105.7 r 109.6 r 103.7 112.1 100.2 106.1 r
2016 IV 105.5 r 109.7 r 103.9 111.8 99.0 105.9 r
III 104.9 r 109.2 r 104.1 113.0 100.8 107.7 r
II 105.5 r 109.5 r 103.8 112.2 100.6 106.4 r
I 106.7 r 110.1 r 103.1 111.4 100.4 104.4 r
2015 ANNUAL 105.4 r 108.8 r 103.2 111.7 101.1 106.0 r
2015 IV 105.7 r 109.5 r 103.6 113.6 102.5 107.5 r
III 105.6 r 109.1 r 103.2 112.0 101.1 106.0 r
II 105.2 r 108.5 r 103.2 111.2 100.8 105.7 r
I 105.2 r 108.2 r 102.9 109.9 100.2 104.5 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. December 6, 2017
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs,
unit profits, and prices, seasonally adjusted.
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Total Implicit
Year Labor compen- compen- Unit nonlabor unit Unit price
and produc- Hours sation sation labor costs costs profits deflator
quarter tivity Output worked (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate (5)
2017 III 0.0 1.3 1.2 2.5 0.5 2.5 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.6
II 3.3 r 6.4 r 3.0 0.2 r 0.5 r -3.0 r -1.8 r -2.6 r 13.7 r -0.6
I 2.0 4.1 2.0 4.3 1.1 2.3 -1.0 1.2 -2.7 0.7
2016 ANNUAL -0.1 1.4 1.5 1.1 -0.2 1.2 -0.5 0.7 -5.3 -0.2
2016 IV -4.5 -3.9 0.6 -3.6 -6.5 0.9 9.2 3.5 -2.8 2.7
III 5.9 7.4 1.5 1.9 0.1 -3.7 -4.5 -4.0 7.3 -2.6
II -2.0 -0.6 1.4 3.7 1.4 5.9 1.7 4.5 -28.8 -0.8
I 0.5 1.1 0.6 -1.8 -1.9 -2.3 -13.0 -5.9 47.7 0.0
2015 ANNUAL 1.4 3.6 2.2 3.0 2.9 1.6 0.4 1.2 -5.1 0.3
2015 IV -1.4 1.5 3.0 3.4 3.0 4.9 13.8 7.7 -41.5 -0.9
III 0.7 2.5 1.8 0.5 -1.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 5.3 0.6
II -2.0 -0.9 1.1 2.7 0.4 4.8 4.0 4.5 -1.3 3.7
I 3.3 4.6 1.3 7.1 9.9 3.7 -2.2 1.8 -23.7 -2.5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2017 III 0.2 1.9 1.7 0.8 -1.1 0.6 2.3 1.1 2.5 1.3
II 1.6 r 3.4 r 1.8 0.7 r -1.2 r -0.9 r 0.4 r -0.5 3.7 r 0.0
I 0.3 1.7 1.4 1.5 -1.0 1.3 1.2 1.3 -7.8 0.0
2016 ANNUAL -0.1 1.4 1.5 1.1 -0.2 1.2 -0.5 0.7 -5.3 -0.2
2016 IV -0.1 0.9 1.0 0.0 -1.8 0.1 -2.0 -0.6 2.3 -0.2
III 0.7 2.3 1.6 1.8 0.6 1.1 -1.0 0.4 -9.9 -1.1
II -0.6 1.1 1.7 1.4 0.3 2.0 0.1 1.4 -10.3 -0.3
I -0.6 1.1 1.6 1.2 0.1 1.7 0.7 1.4 -2.6 0.8
2015 ANNUAL 1.4 3.6 2.2 3.0 2.9 1.6 0.4 1.2 -5.1 0.3
2015 IV 0.1 1.9 1.8 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.7 3.4 -17.5 0.2
III 1.0 2.8 1.8 3.3 3.1 2.3 0.1 1.6 -6.1 0.4
II 1.8 3.9 2.1 3.5 3.5 1.6 -0.4 1.0 -2.1 0.5
I 2.7 6.0 3.2 1.9 2.0 -0.8 -1.8 -1.1 7.6 0.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2017 III 108.9 127.2 116.9 117.1 102.5 107.6 101.2 105.4 140.0 109.0
II 108.9 r 126.8 r 116.5 116.4 r 102.4 r 106.9 r 100.4 r 104.8 r 139.0 r 108.3 r
I 108.0 124.9 115.7 116.3 102.2 107.7 100.9 105.4 134.6 108.5
2016 ANNUAL 107.7 123.5 114.6 115.4 103.1 107.1 99.9 104.7 138.0 108.2
2016 IV 107.4 123.6 115.1 115.1 101.9 107.1 101.1 105.1 135.5 108.3
III 108.7 124.9 114.9 116.2 103.7 106.9 98.9 104.2 136.5 107.6
II 107.1 122.6 114.5 115.6 103.6 107.9 100.1 105.3 134.1 108.3
I 107.7 122.8 114.1 114.6 103.3 106.4 99.7 104.1 146.0 108.5
2015 ANNUAL 107.9 121.8 112.9 114.1 103.3 105.8 100.5 104.0 145.8 108.4
2015 IV 107.5 122.5 113.9 115.1 103.8 107.0 103.2 105.7 132.4 108.5
III 107.9 122.0 113.1 114.1 103.0 105.7 99.9 103.8 151.4 108.8
II 107.8 121.3 112.6 114.0 103.3 105.8 99.9 103.8 149.5 108.6
I 108.3 121.6 112.2 113.2 103.2 104.6 98.9 102.7 150.0 107.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. December 6, 2017
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census
Bureau of the U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S.
Department of Labor; and the Federal Reserve Board. Hours and compensation
data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Economic
Analysis.
RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as more
complete information becomes available. The measures are first published
within 40 days of the close of the reference period; revisions appear 30 days
later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days. In the business
sector, the third publication (second revision) of a quarterly index of output
per hour of all persons has differed from the initial value by between -1.5
and 1.4 index points approximately 95 percent of the time. This interval is
based on the performance of this measure between the fourth quarter of 1995
and the second quarter of 2017.
Table Footnotes
(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social
insurance and private benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial corporations,
where there are no self-employed, data also include an estimate of wages,
salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-employed.
(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index for
all urban consumers (CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2016 is based on the Consumer
Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).
(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed capital,
taxes on production and imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous
payments, business current transfer payments, rental income of persons, and the
current surplus of government enterprises.
(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.
(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is calculated
using index numbers to three decimal places. Indexes published in the news
release are rounded to one decimal place for convenience. Annual changes:
Percent change is calculated using annual indexes to three decimal places.
(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on
production and imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous
payments, and business current transfer payments.
(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.
(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory valuation
and capital consumption adjustments.
Appendix table 1.
Manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs.
Real
Labor Hourly hourly Unit
produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
Year tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2016 107.7 r 116.1 r 107.8 111.5 99.7 103.5 r
2015 107.2 r 115.6 r 107.8 110.7 100.2 103.2 r
2014 107.0 r 114.2 r 106.8 108.0 97.9 101.0 r
2013 107.0 r 112.5 r 105.2 105.1 96.8 98.2 r
2012 106.0 r 110.5 r 104.3 104.9 98.0 99.0 r
2011 106.8 r 108.9 r 101.9 103.1 98.4 96.5 r
2010 106.1 r 106.1 r 100.0 101.3 99.6 95.5 r
2009 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2008 99.0 r 113.6 r 114.7 96.8 96.5 97.8 r
2007 99.7 r 119.3 r 119.6 94.1 97.4 94.4 r
2006 95.2 r 115.9 r 121.7 90.5 96.4 95.1 r
2005 94.5 r 114.0 r 120.7 88.4 97.2 93.6 r
2004 89.8 r 109.7 r 122.1 85.2 96.8 94.9 r
2003 87.4 r 107.3 r 122.8 82.2 95.9 94.1 r
2002 82.3 r 106.2 r 129.2 78.0 93.0 94.8 r
2001 76.1 r 105.8 r 139.1 75.5 91.5 99.2 r
2000 74.2 r 110.3 r 148.7 73.3 91.4 98.9 r
1999 71.8 r 107.6 r 149.9 68.9 r 88.8 r 96.0 r
1998 67.8 r 103.3 r 152.3 65.1 r 85.7 r 96.0 r
1997 65.0 r 98.6 r 151.8 61.8 r 82.4 r 95.1 r
1996 62.0 r 92.3 r 148.7 60.7 r 82.7 r 97.9 r
1995 59.5 r 88.5 r 148.9 59.1 r 82.7 r 99.4 r
1994 57.5 r 85.1 r 147.9 57.6 r 82.5 r 100.2 r
1993 56.0 r 80.8 r 144.2 56.7 83.0 r 101.3 r
1992 54.7 r 78.0 r 142.6 56.0 r 83.9 r 102.3 r
1991 51.7 r 74.4 r 143.8 53.1 r 81.6 r 102.6 r
1990 50.7 r 75.7 r 149.4 50.6 r 80.6 r 99.9 r
1989 49.0 r 75.4 r 154.0 48.1 r 80.3 r 98.1 r
1988 48.8 r 74.6 r 153.0 46.5 r 81.2 r 95.4 r
1987 48.3 r 71.7 r 148.5 44.7 r 80.9 r 92.6 r
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. December 6, 2017
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 2.
Durable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs.
Real
Labor Hourly hourly Unit
produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
Year tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2016 112.2 r 123.9 r 110.4 110.9 99.1 98.8 r
2015 111.7 r 123.7 r 110.7 109.8 99.4 98.3 r
2014 111.5 r 122.7 r 110.1 106.6 96.6 95.6 r
2013 110.8 r 119.4 r 107.8 104.2 95.9 94.0 r
2012 109.8 r 116.9 r 106.5 104.8 98.0 95.5 r
2011 109.7 r 113.4 r 103.4 103.4 98.6 94.3 r
2010 108.5 r 108.2 r 99.8 101.4 99.7 93.4 r
2009 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2008 103.2 r 121.8 r 118.0 96.3 96.0 93.3 r
2007 104.5 r 129.0 r 123.4 94.0 97.2 89.9 r
2006 98.7 r 124.2 r 125.8 90.3 96.1 91.5 r
2005 97.0 r 120.7 r 124.4 87.7 96.3 90.4 r
2004 92.1 r 114.8 r 124.6 84.9 96.4 92.1 r
2003 90.6 r 112.4 r 124.0 81.8 95.4 90.2 r
2002 84.5 r 110.7 r 131.0 77.8 92.8 92.0 r
2001 78.4 r 111.9 r 142.7 75.3 91.2 96.0 r
2000 77.0 r 118.2 r 153.5 73.8 92.0 95.8 r
1999 74.2 r 114.0 r 153.6 69.0 r 89.0 r 93.0 r
1998 69.1 r 107.4 r 155.5 65.2 r 85.8 r 94.3 r
1997 64.9 r 100.0 r 154.1 61.6 r 82.2 r 95.0 r
1996 61.1 r 91.4 r 149.6 60.9 r 83.0 r 99.6 r
1995 57.7 r 85.5 r 148.2 59.4 r 83.2 r 103.1 r
1994 54.8 r 79.9 r 145.8 58.0 r 83.1 r 105.8 r
1993 52.7 r 74.2 r 140.8 57.2 r 83.7 r 108.6 r
1992 50.8 r 70.8 r 139.3 56.4 r 84.6 r 111.0 r
1991 47.3 r 67.0 r 141.6 53.2 r 81.8 r 112.5 r
1990 46.4 r 69.4 r 149.5 50.6 r 80.7 r 109.1 r
1989 45.2 r 70.0 r 154.9 48.3 r 80.8 r 107.0 r
1988 44.9 r 69.3 r 154.5 46.9 r 81.8 r 104.5 r
1987 44.2 r 65.7 r 148.7 45.3 r 81.8 r 102.5 r
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. December 6, 2017
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Appendix table 3.
Nondurable manufacturing sector: Labor productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs.
Real
Labor Hourly hourly Unit
produc- Hours compensa- compensa- labor
Year tivity Output worked tion (1) tion (2) costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2016 105.7 r 109.6 r 103.7 112.1 100.2 106.1 r
2015 105.4 r 108.8 r 103.2 111.7 101.1 106.0 r
2014 105.2 r 106.8 r 101.5 110.1 99.8 104.6 r
2013 105.1 r 106.1 r 101.0 106.2 97.8 101.1 r
2012 103.6 r 104.5 r 100.8 104.6 97.7 100.9 r
2011 104.5 r 104.1 r 99.6 102.4 97.6 97.9 r
2010 103.5 r 103.7 r 100.3 101.1 99.5 97.7 r
2009 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2008 97.9 r 107.1 r 109.4 97.2 96.8 99.3 r
2007 99.1 r 112.5 r 113.6 93.8 97.1 94.7 r
2006 96.4 r 110.9 r 115.1 90.3 96.0 93.6 r
2005 96.3 r 110.7 r 114.9 89.3 98.1 92.7 r
2004 91.4 r 107.9 r 118.1 85.5 97.1 93.6 r
2003 87.7 r 106.1 r 121.0 82.8 96.6 94.4 r
2002 83.8 r 105.8 r 126.3 78.1 93.2 93.3 r
2001 78.4 r 104.4 r 133.2 75.4 91.4 96.2 r
2000 76.6 r 108.0 r 140.9 71.9 89.6 93.8 r
1999 74.6 r 107.3 r 143.9 68.2 r 87.9 r 91.4 r
1998 72.2 r 106.3 r 147.2 64.7 r 85.2 r 89.7 r
1997 70.9 r 104.9 r 148.1 62.0 r 82.7 r 87.4 r
1996 68.6 r 101.1 r 147.4 60.2 r 82.1 r 87.8 r
1995 67.1 r 100.7 r 150.1 58.5 r 81.9 r 87.2 r
1994 66.0 r 99.8 r 151.3 57.1 r 81.7 r 86.5 r
1993 64.9 r 97.2 r 149.7 56.2 r 82.2 r 86.6 r
1992 64.3 r 95.1 r 147.9 55.5 r 83.2 r 86.4 r
1991 62.4 r 91.8 r 147.2 52.9 r 81.3 r 84.8 r
1990 61.5 r 91.8 r 149.3 50.6 r 80.5 r 82.2 r
1989 59.3 r 90.5 r 152.5 47.5 r 79.4 r 80.1 r
1988 59.3 r 89.5 r 150.8 45.8 r 79.8 r 77.1 r
1987 58.9 r 87.3 r 148.3 43.7 r 79.0 r 74.3 r
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. December 6, 2017
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
United States Department of Labor
