For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Friday, March 11, 2011 USDL-11-0306
Technical information: (202) 691-6378 * cpsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov
EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS -- 2010
NOTE: This release was reissued on Thursday, October 20, 2011, to
correct an error in Table 3. The data for the educational attainment
categories erroneously contained data for those age 18 and over instead
of for those age 25 and over. The analyses in this release were not
affected by the corrections.
The unemployment rate for veterans who served in the military at any time since
September 2001--a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans--was 11.5 percent
in 2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The jobless rate for
veterans of all eras combined was 8.7 percent, compared with 9.4 percent for non-
veterans. About 25 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported having a service-
connected disability in July 2010, compared with about 13 percent of all veterans.
This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly
sample survey of about 60,000 households that provides official statistics on employ-
ment and unemployment in the United States. Data about veterans are collected monthly
in the CPS; those monthly data are the source of the 2010 annual averages presented
in this release. In July 2010, a supplement to the CPS collected additional informa-
tion about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability. Information from
the supplement also is presented in this release. The supplement was co-sponsored
by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's
Veterans' Employment and Training Service. For more information, see the Technical
Note, which provides definitions of terms used in this release.
Highlights from the 2010 data:
-- Young male veterans (those ages 18 to 24) who served during Gulf War era II
had an unemployment rate of 21.9 percent in 2010, not statistically different
from the jobless rate of young male nonveterans (19.7 percent). (See table 2.)
-- Male Gulf War-era II veterans ages 18 to 24 were more likely to participate
in the labor force in 2010 than were their nonveteran counterparts--74.0 per-
cent versus 67.5 percent. (See table 2.)
-- Among all veterans, those with a service-connected disability had an unem-
ployment rate of 9.1 percent in July 2010, about the same as the rate for
veterans with no disability (8.7 percent). (See table 6.)
-- About one-third of employed veterans with a service-connected disability
worked in the public sector in July 2010; 1 in 5 veterans with a disability
were employed by the federal government. (See table 7.)
-- Gulf War-era II veterans who were current or past members of the Reserve or
National Guard had an unemployment rate of 14.0 percent in July 2010, com-
pared with a rate of 12.1 percent for those veterans who had not been mem-
bers. (See table 8.)
-- Regardless of their period of service, unemployment rates in 2010 for veterans
with higher levels of education were lower than for those with less education.
(See table 3.)
The Veteran Population
In 2010, 20.2 million men and 1.8 million women in the civilian noninstitutional pop-
ulation ages 18 and over were veterans. (See table 1.) In the CPS, veterans are de-
fined as men and women who have previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed
Forces and who were civilians at the time they were surveyed.
Veterans are more likely to be men and older than were nonveterans. In part, this
reflects the characteristics of veterans who served during World War II, the Korean
War, and the Vietnam era. Veterans who served during these wartime periods account
for one-half (11.0 million) of the total veteran population. A total of 5.1 million
veterans served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001) or Gulf War era II
(September 2001 forward). Another 5.9 million served outside the designated wartime
periods. Because age and other demographic differences affect labor force status, the
groups of veterans are examined separately in the next sections.
Gulf War-era II Veterans
In 2010, about 2.2 million of the nation's veterans had served during Gulf War era II.
About 17 percent of these veterans were women, compared with 3 percent of veterans
from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. Nearly two-thirds of all Gulf
War-era II veterans were under the age of 35. (See tables 1 and 2.)
In 2010, a large majority (82.2 percent) of Gulf War-era II veterans participated in
the labor force, and their unemployment rate was 11.5 percent. For those ages 18 to 24,
the unemployment rate was 20.9 percent, higher than that of Gulf War-era II veterans
ages 25 to 34 (13.1 percent). In general, Gulf War-era II veterans had unemployment
rates that were not statistically different from those of nonveterans of the same
gender and age group. (See table 2.)
Gulf War-era II veterans were twice as likely to work in the public sector as were
nonveterans--30 percent and 15 percent, respectively. About 16 percent of employed
veterans of the era worked for the federal government, compared with about 2 percent
of nonveterans. (See table 5.)
Veterans of Gulf War era II and nonveterans had similar occupational profiles after
accounting for gender. About one-third of the men in both groups worked in management
and professional occupations, a higher proportion than in any other major occupational
group. Among women, 44 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans and 41 percent of nonveter-
ans were employed in management and professional occupations. (See table 4.)
The July 2010 veterans supplement included questions to identify veterans who had ser-
ved in Iraq at any time since March 2003 or in Afghanistan at any time since October
2001. In July 2010, approximately one-third of Gulf War-era II veterans reported that
they had served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both. (Some veterans did not report their lo-
cation of service.) These veterans had an unemployment rate of 14.3 percent, not sta-
tistically different from Gulf War-era II veterans who served elsewhere (11.4 percent).
(See table 9.)
Gulf War-era I Veterans
For the 2.9 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August
2001), the proportion that were men (85 percent in 2010) was similar to that of Gulf
War-era II veterans. About 83 percent of the era's veterans were age 35 and over, com-
pared with 35 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans. (See tables 1 and 2.)
The labor force participation rate of veterans from Gulf War era I was 86.5 percent in
2010, slightly higher than the rate of Gulf War-era II veterans (82.2 percent). The un-
employment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans (7.7 percent) was lower than the rate for
Gulf War-era II veterans (11.5 percent). These differences in labor force participation
and unemployment reflect, at least in part, the older age profile of veterans who served
in Gulf War era I. Unemployment rates of Gulf War-era I veterans were not statistically
different from those of nonveterans of the same gender and age group.
Veterans of World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam Era
In 2010, about 11.0 million veterans had served during World War II, the Korean War, or
the Vietnam era. Nearly all of these veterans were at least 55 years old, and more than
half were at least 65 years old. Virtually all (97 percent) of these veterans were men.
In 2010, just over one-third of male veterans of these earlier wartime periods were in
the labor force, and their unemployment rate was 8.4 percent. Male veterans of these
wartime periods had lower labor force participation rates compared with male nonveter-
ans in the same age categories. (See tables 1 and 2.)
Veterans of Other Service Periods
In 2010, about 5.9 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service
periods," mainly between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam
era and Gulf War era I. Because these veterans served between the major wartime periods,
which span several decades, this group has a diverse age profile. About 43 percent of
these veterans were 45 to 54 years old, and another 39 percent were 65 years and over.
(See tables 1 and 2.)
Nine in 10 veterans of other service periods were men. Among most age groups, male
veterans of service periods between the designated wartime periods had labor force
participation rates and unemployment rates that were not statistically different than
those of male nonveterans.
Veterans with a Service-connected Disability
In July 2010, about 2.8 million veterans, or 13 percent of the total, reported having a
service-connected disability. (Some veterans did not report whether they had a service-
connected disability.) Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a dis-
ability rating by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Ratings range from 0 to 100
percent, in increments of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of the condi-
tion. Among veterans with a service-connected disability, about 4 in 10 reported a dis-
ability rating of less than 30 percent, while about 1 in 4 had a rating of 60 percent
or higher. (See table 6.)
Among veterans who served in Gulf War era II, about 1 in 4 (530,000) reported having a
service-connected disability. Of these, 81.0 percent were in the labor force, compared
with 86.2 percent of veterans from this period with no service-connected disability.
Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate of those with a disability was
11.2 percent, not statistically different from those with no disability (13.6 percent).
Nineteen percent (548,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War era I reported a
service-connected disability. Their labor force participation rate (75.8 percent) was
lower than the rate for veterans from the era who did not have a disability (88.7 per-
cent). Unemployment rates for Gulf War-era I veterans with and without service-connected
disabilities were not statistically different (8.8 and 6.8 percent, respectively).
Among the 1.2 million veterans with a service-connected disability from World War II,
the Korean War, and the Vietnam era, 26.2 percent were in the labor force in July 2010,
compared with 36.5 percent of veterans from these periods who did not have a service-
connected disability. The unemployment rate of veterans with a disability from these
wartime periods was 10.1 percent, little different than veterans with no disability
(8.6 percent).
Veterans with a service-connected disability from other service periods had a labor
force participation rate of 53.5 percent, compared with 60.4 percent for veterans with
no disability from these periods. The unemployment rate of veterans with a disability
from other service periods was 5.1 percent, not statistically different from the veter-
ans with no disability--8.1 percent.
Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability worked
in the public sector. In July 2010, 35 percent of employed veterans with a disability
worked in federal, state, or local government, compared with 21 percent of veterans with
no disability and 14 percent of nonveterans. About 20 percent of employed veterans with a
disability worked for the federal government, compared with 7 percent of veterans with
no disability and 2 percent of nonveterans. (See table 7.)
Reserve and National Guard Membership
A smaller proportion of Gulf War-era I veterans (27 percent) were reported to be cur-
rent or past members of the Reserve or National Guard than Gulf War era-II veterans
(32 percent). Among Gulf War-era II veterans, those who were current or past members
of the Reserve or National Guard had an unemployment rate of 14.0 percent in July 2010,
compared with 12.1 percent for those who had never been members. Labor force participa-
tion rates did not differ significantly by Reserve or National Guard membership for
Gulf War-era II veterans. For veterans of Gulf War era I, labor force participation
rates as well as unemployment rates were similar for Reserve or National Guard members
and non-members. (See table 8.)
Technical Note
The data in this release were collected through the Current Population Sur-
vey (CPS). The CPS--a monthly survey of about 60,000 households conducted by
the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics--obtains information
on employment and unemployment among the nation's civilian noninstitutional
population age 16 and over.
Most of the data in this release are annual averages for 2010, compiled from
the results of the monthly survey. Some of the data, such as those related to
service-connected disability and Reserve or National Guard status, are from
special questions asked as part of the latest veterans supplement to the CPS,
which was conducted in July 2010. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S.
Department of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans'
Employment and Training Service. Questions were asked of persons 17 years of
age and older regarding their prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data are
tabulated for persons 18 years of age and older.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.
Definitions
The definitions underlying the data in this release are as follows:
Veterans are men and women who previously served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces. Members of the Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans
if they had ever been called to active duty. Persons who are on active duty at
the time of the survey are outside the scope of the survey and thus not in the
estimates shown here, as are persons who reside in institutions, such as nursing
homes and prisons.
Nonveterans are men and women who never served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces.
World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf War-era veterans are men and
women who served in the Armed Forces during these periods, regardless of where
they served. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified
in the most recent one.
Veterans of other service periods are men and women who served in the Armed
Forces at any time other than World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or
the Gulf War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged in several armed con-
flicts during other service periods, these conflicts were more limited in scope
and included a smaller proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime
periods. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and
during another period are classified in the wartime period.
Veteran status is obtained from responses to the question, "Did you ever serve
on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?"
Period of service is obtained from answers to the question asked of veterans,
"When did you serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?"
The following service periods are identified:
Gulf War era II -- September 2001-present
Gulf War era I -- August 1990-August 2001
Vietnam era -- August 1964-April 1975
Korean War -- July 1950-January 1955
World War II -- December 1941-December 1946
Other service periods -- All other time periods
Period-of-service definitions are modified occasionally to reflect changes in
law, regulations, and program needs of the survey sponsors.
Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are individuals who served in
Iraq at any time since March 2003, in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001,
or in both locations. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan is determined by answers to
two questions, "Did you serve in Iraq, off the coast of Iraq, or did you fly mis-
sions over Iraq at anytime since March 2003?" and Did you serve in Afghanistan, or
did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at anytime since October 2001?"
Presence of service-connected disability is determined by answers to the ques-
tion,"Has the Department of Veterans Affairs (or Department of Defense (DoD) deter-
mined that you have a service-connected disability, that is, a health condition or
impairment caused or made worse by any of your military service?"
Service-connected disability rating is based on answers to the question, "What
is your current service-connected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to
100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings are determined by the
VA or DoD from a rating schedule published in the Code of Federal Regulations,
Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4--"Schedule for Rating
Disabilities." The rating schedule is "primarily a guide in the evaluation of dis-
ability resulting from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a result
of or incident to military service. The percentage ratings represent as far as can
practicably be determined the average impairment in earning capacity resulting from
such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in civil occupations."
Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of
0 through 100 percent, with instructions for rating multiple disorders.
Reserve or National Guard status is obtained from answers to two questions. Gulf
War-era veterans were asked: "Was any of your active service the result of a call-up
from the Reserve or National Guard?" If the answer was no, they were asked, "Have you
ever been a member of the Reserve or National Guard?" A 'yes' response to either ques-
tion classified persons as "Current or past member of the Reserve or National Guard."
A 'no' response to the latter question classified persons as "Never a member of the
Reserve or National Guard." These questions were asked only of Gulf War-era veterans.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that
the sample estimates will differ from the "true" population values they represent.
The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on
a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population
value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-per-
cent level of confidence
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur
for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, the
inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, the inability or
unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the
collection or processing of the data
For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and information on
estimating standard errors, see the explanatory note for the household survey avail-
able online at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 2010 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian
Veteran status, period of service, noninsti- Employed Unemployed Not in
sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino tutional Percent labor
ethnicity population Total of force
population Percent Percent
Total of Total of
population labor force
Total, 18 years and over................ 228,886 151,888 66.4 137,646 60.1 14,242 9.4 76,998
Veterans............................... 22,011 11,758 53.4 10,738 48.8 1,020 8.7 10,253
Gulf War era, total................... 5,091 4,311 84.7 3,911 76.8 399 9.3 780
Gulf War era I....................... 2,922 2,528 86.5 2,334 79.9 194 7.7 394
Gulf War era II...................... 2,169 1,783 82.2 1,577 72.7 205 11.5 386
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.... 11,006 3,993 36.3 3,662 33.3 331 8.3 7,013
Other service periods................. 5,914 3,455 58.4 3,165 53.5 290 8.4 2,459
Nonveterans............................ 206,875 140,130 67.7 126,908 61.3 13,222 9.4 66,745
Men
Total, 18 years and over................ 110,634 80,995 73.2 72,684 65.7 8,311 10.3 29,639
Veterans............................... 20,225 10,650 52.7 9,717 48.0 933 8.8 9,575
Gulf War era, total................... 4,272 3,703 86.7 3,358 78.6 345 9.3 569
Gulf War era I....................... 2,472 2,181 88.2 2,009 81.3 171 7.8 291
Gulf War era II...................... 1,800 1,523 84.6 1,348 74.9 174 11.4 278
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.... 10,638 3,880 36.5 3,555 33.4 324 8.4 6,758
Other service periods................. 5,315 3,067 57.7 2,804 52.8 263 8.6 2,248
Nonveterans............................ 90,409 70,345 77.8 62,967 69.6 7,378 10.5 20,064
Women
Total, 18 years and over................ 118,252 70,893 60.0 64,962 54.9 5,931 8.4 47,359
Veterans............................... 1,786 1,108 62.1 1,021 57.2 87 7.9 678
Gulf War era, total................... 819 607 74.2 554 67.6 54 8.9 212
Gulf War era I....................... 450 347 77.1 325 72.1 23 6.5 103
Gulf War era II...................... 369 260 70.6 229 62.2 31 12.0 108
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.... 368 113 30.7 107 29.0 6 5.5 255
Other service periods................. 599 388 64.8 361 60.2 27 7.0 211
Nonveterans............................ 116,466 69,785 59.9 63,941 54.9 5,844 8.4 46,681
White
Total, 18 years and over................ 185,276 123,391 66.6 112,920 60.9 10,471 8.5 61,885
Veterans............................... 18,896 9,855 52.2 9,059 47.9 797 8.1 9,041
Gulf War era, total................... 4,019 3,437 85.5 3,154 78.5 283 8.2 582
Gulf War era I....................... 2,324 2,031 87.4 1,898 81.7 133 6.6 293
Gulf War era II...................... 1,696 1,406 82.9 1,256 74.1 150 10.7 290
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.... 9,881 3,578 36.2 3,291 33.3 287 8.0 6,303
Other service periods................. 4,996 2,840 56.9 2,613 52.3 227 8.0 2,155
Nonveterans............................ 166,379 113,535 68.2 103,862 62.4 9,674 8.5 52,844
Black or African American
Total, 18 years and over................ 27,310 17,695 64.8 14,937 54.7 2,758 15.6 9,616
Veterans............................... 2,317 1,401 60.4 1,223 52.8 178 12.7 917
Gulf War era, total................... 801 655 81.7 562 70.1 93 14.2 146
Gulf War era I....................... 454 381 84.0 328 72.3 53 13.9 73
Gulf War era II...................... 347 273 78.8 233 67.2 40 14.7 74
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.... 826 290 35.1 259 31.3 31 10.7 536
Other service periods................. 690 456 66.1 403 58.3 54 11.8 234
Nonveterans............................ 24,993 16,294 65.2 13,714 54.9 2,580 15.8 8,699
Asian
Total, 18 years and over................ 10,801 7,161 66.3 6,635 61.4 526 7.3 3,641
Veterans............................... 261 165 63.0 157 60.2 7 4.4 97
Gulf War era, total................... 87 70 80.7 66 76.3 4 5.4 17
Gulf War era I....................... 40 28 71.9 27 68.7 1 (1) 11
Gulf War era II...................... 47 41 88.1 39 82.7 3 6.1 6
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.... 107 42 39.1 40 37.1 2 5.0 65
Other service periods................. 68 53 78.0 52 75.9 1 2.7 15
Nonveterans............................ 10,540 6,996 66.4 6,478 61.5 518 7.4 3,544
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 18 years and over................ 31,934 22,391 70.1 19,660 61.6 2,731 12.2 9,544
Veterans............................... 1,244 819 65.9 744 59.8 76 9.2 425
Gulf War era, total................... 491 421 85.9 376 76.7 45 10.7 69
Gulf War era I....................... 250 225 90.0 207 83.0 18 7.9 25
Gulf War era II...................... 241 196 81.6 169 70.2 28 14.0 44
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.... 431 170 39.4 157 36.4 13 7.7 261
Other service periods................. 322 228 70.7 211 65.3 17 7.5 95
Nonveterans............................ 30,691 21,571 70.3 18,916 61.6 2,655 12.3 9,119
1 Rates are not shown where base is less than 35,000.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf
War era, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods
include the periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and
the Gulf War era. More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Estimates for the above race groups (white,
black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is
identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 2. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, period of service, and sex, 2010 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian
Veteran status, age, period of service, noninsti- Employed Unemployed Not in
and sex tutional Percent labor
population Total of force
population Percent Percent
Total of Total of
population labor force
VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over................ 22,011 11,758 53.4 10,738 48.8 1,020 8.7 10,253
18 to 24 years...................... 298 219 73.5 174 58.2 46 20.9 79
25 to 34 years...................... 1,623 1,352 83.3 1,182 72.8 170 12.6 271
35 to 44 years...................... 2,435 2,185 89.7 2,026 83.2 159 7.3 251
45 to 54 years...................... 3,677 3,084 83.9 2,826 76.9 258 8.4 593
55 to 64 years...................... 5,298 3,272 61.8 3,003 56.7 269 8.2 2,026
65 years and over................... 8,679 1,646 19.0 1,527 17.6 119 7.2 7,033
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over................ 5,091 4,311 84.7 3,911 76.8 399 9.3 780
18 to 24 years...................... 298 219 73.5 174 58.2 46 20.9 79
25 to 34 years...................... 1,623 1,352 83.3 1,182 72.8 170 12.6 271
35 to 44 years...................... 1,792 1,624 90.6 1,512 84.4 112 6.9 168
45 to 54 years...................... 937 821 87.6 767 81.8 55 6.7 116
55 to 64 years...................... 362 268 74.0 251 69.4 17 6.2 94
65 years and over................... 78 26 33.3 26 32.8 - (1) 52
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over................ 2,922 2,528 86.5 2,334 79.9 194 7.7 394
25 to 34 years...................... 504 426 84.4 377 74.8 49 11.5 79
35 to 44 years...................... 1,443 1,321 91.5 1,227 85.1 94 7.1 122
45 to 54 years...................... 625 547 87.5 509 81.5 38 6.9 78
55 to 64 years...................... 278 210 75.7 197 70.8 13 6.4 68
65 years and over................... 72 24 33.7 24 33.1 - (1) 48
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over................ 2,169 1,783 82.2 1,577 72.7 205 11.5 386
18 to 24 years...................... 298 219 73.5 174 58.2 46 20.9 79
25 to 34 years...................... 1,119 926 82.8 805 72.0 121 13.1 193
35 to 44 years...................... 349 303 86.9 285 81.7 18 6.0 46
45 to 54 years...................... 312 275 88.0 257 82.4 17 6.3 38
55 to 64 years...................... 84 58 68.6 54 64.7 3 5.7 26
65 years and over................... 6 2 (1) 2 (1) - (1) 4
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 45 years and over................ 11,006 3,993 36.3 3,662 33.3 331 8.3 7,013
45 to 54 years...................... 223 166 74.6 151 67.8 15 9.1 56
55 to 64 years...................... 4,467 2,699 60.4 2,465 55.2 234 8.7 1,769
65 years and over................... 6,316 1,128 17.9 1,047 16.6 81 7.2 5,188
Other service periods
Total, 35 years and over................ 5,914 3,455 58.4 3,165 53.5 290 8.4 2,459
35 to 44 years...................... 644 561 87.1 514 79.8 47 8.4 83
45 to 54 years...................... 2,517 2,097 83.3 1,908 75.8 188 9.0 420
55 to 64 years...................... 469 305 65.1 287 61.3 18 5.8 164
65 years and over................... 2,285 492 21.5 455 19.9 37 7.6 1,792
NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over................ 206,875 140,130 67.7 126,908 61.3 13,222 9.4 66,745
18 to 24 years...................... 28,706 18,714 65.2 15,486 53.9 3,229 17.3 9,992
25 to 34 years...................... 39,280 32,262 82.1 29,046 73.9 3,216 10.0 7,018
35 to 44 years...................... 37,655 31,181 82.8 28,637 76.1 2,544 8.2 6,473
45 to 54 years...................... 40,623 32,879 80.9 30,365 74.7 2,514 7.6 7,744
55 to 64 years...................... 30,588 20,025 65.5 18,633 60.9 1,392 7.0 10,563
65 years and over................... 30,024 5,068 16.9 4,741 15.8 327 6.5 24,955
MEN
VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over................ 20,225 10,650 52.7 9,717 48.0 933 8.8 9,575
18 to 24 years...................... 249 184 74.0 144 57.8 40 21.9 65
25 to 34 years...................... 1,318 1,142 86.6 997 75.6 145 12.7 176
35 to 44 years...................... 2,079 1,898 91.3 1,760 84.7 138 7.3 181
45 to 54 years...................... 3,201 2,712 84.7 2,478 77.4 234 8.6 489
55 to 64 years...................... 5,007 3,102 61.9 2,842 56.8 259 8.4 1,905
65 years and over................... 8,371 1,612 19.3 1,496 17.9 116 7.2 6,759
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over................ 4,272 3,703 86.7 3,358 78.6 345 9.3 569
18 to 24 years...................... 249 184 74.0 144 57.8 40 21.9 65
25 to 34 years...................... 1,318 1,142 86.6 997 75.6 145 12.7 176
35 to 44 years...................... 1,531 1,413 92.3 1,317 86.0 96 6.8 117
45 to 54 years...................... 793 703 88.7 654 82.5 49 7.0 89
55 to 64 years...................... 311 237 76.2 222 71.5 15 6.2 74
65 years and over................... 71 24 33.9 24 33.3 - (1) 47
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over................ 2,472 2,181 88.2 2,009 81.3 171 7.8 291
25 to 34 years...................... 404 353 87.4 310 76.8 43 12.1 51
35 to 44 years...................... 1,243 1,161 93.4 1,078 86.7 83 7.1 82
45 to 54 years...................... 519 458 88.1 424 81.6 34 7.4 62
55 to 64 years...................... 240 187 77.9 175 73.1 12 6.3 53
65 years and over................... 65 22 34.0 22 33.3 - (1) 43
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over................ 1,800 1,523 84.6 1,348 74.9 174 11.4 278
18 to 24 years...................... 249 184 74.0 144 57.8 40 21.9 65
25 to 34 years...................... 914 789 86.3 686 75.1 102 13.0 125
35 to 44 years...................... 287 252 87.8 239 83.1 13 5.3 35
45 to 54 years...................... 273 246 89.9 231 84.3 15 6.2 28
55 to 64 years...................... 71 50 70.4 47 66.2 3 5.9 21
65 years and over................... 5 2 (1) 2 (1) - (1) 4
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 45 years and over................ 10,638 3,880 36.5 3,555 33.4 324 8.4 6,758
45 to 54 years...................... 208 156 75.1 141 67.9 15 9.6 52
55 to 64 years...................... 4,312 2,612 60.6 2,383 55.3 229 8.8 1,700
65 years and over................... 6,118 1,112 18.2 1,032 16.9 80 7.2 5,006
Other service periods
Total, 35 years and over................ 5,315 3,067 57.7 2,804 52.8 263 8.6 2,248
35 to 44 years...................... 548 485 88.5 443 80.8 42 8.7 63
45 to 54 years...................... 2,200 1,852 84.2 1,682 76.5 170 9.2 348
55 to 64 years...................... 384 253 65.8 237 61.7 16 6.2 131
65 years and over................... 2,183 476 21.8 441 20.2 35 7.4 1,706
NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over................ 90,409 70,345 77.8 62,967 69.6 7,378 10.5 20,064
18 to 24 years...................... 14,339 9,682 67.5 7,776 54.2 1,906 19.7 4,658
25 to 34 years...................... 19,148 17,210 89.9 15,362 80.2 1,849 10.7 1,938
35 to 44 years...................... 17,728 16,220 91.5 14,825 83.6 1,395 8.6 1,508
45 to 54 years...................... 18,515 16,147 87.2 14,764 79.7 1,383 8.6 2,369
55 to 64 years...................... 12,285 9,002 73.3 8,298 67.5 704 7.8 3,283
65 years and over................... 8,394 2,085 24.8 1,943 23.1 143 6.8 6,309
WOMEN
VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over................ 1,786 1,108 62.1 1,021 57.2 87 7.9 678
18 to 24 years...................... 49 35 71.3 30 60.3 5 15.3 14
25 to 34 years...................... 306 210 68.9 186 60.8 25 11.8 95
35 to 44 years...................... 356 286 80.3 266 74.6 20 7.2 70
45 to 54 years...................... 476 372 78.2 348 73.0 25 6.6 104
55 to 64 years...................... 291 170 58.5 161 55.3 9 5.5 121
65 years and over................... 308 34 11.0 31 10.1 3 (1) 274
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over................ 819 607 74.2 554 67.6 54 8.9 212
18 to 24 years...................... 49 35 71.3 30 60.3 5 15.3 14
25 to 34 years...................... 306 210 68.9 186 60.8 25 11.8 95
35 to 44 years...................... 261 211 80.7 195 74.7 16 7.4 50
45 to 54 years...................... 144 118 81.7 112 77.7 6 5.0 26
55 to 64 years...................... 51 31 60.6 29 56.6 2 (1) 20
65 years and over................... 8 2 (1) 2 (1) - (1) 6
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over................ 450 347 77.1 325 72.1 23 6.5 103
25 to 34 years...................... 100 73 72.5 67 66.3 6 8.5 28
35 to 44 years...................... 200 160 80.1 149 74.6 11 6.8 40
45 to 54 years...................... 106 89 84.4 85 80.8 4 4.3 16
55 to 64 years...................... 38 23 61.2 21 56.7 2 (1) 15
65 years and over................... 7 2 (1) 2 30.6 - (1) 5
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over................ 369 260 70.6 229 62.2 31 12.0 108
18 to 24 years...................... 49 35 71.3 30 60.3 5 15.3 14
25 to 34 years...................... 205 138 67.1 119 58.0 19 13.6 67
35 to 44 years...................... 61 51 82.7 46 75.0 5 9.3 11
45 to 54 years...................... 39 29 74.4 27 69.2 2 (1) 10
55 to 64 years...................... 13 8 (1) 7 (1) - (1) 5
65 years and over................... 1 - (1) - (1) - - 1
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 45 years and over................ 368 113 30.7 107 29.0 6 5.5 255
45 to 54 years...................... 15 10 (1) 10 (1) - (1) 5
55 to 64 years...................... 156 87 56.1 82 52.6 5 6.2 68
65 years and over................... 198 16 8.0 15 7.6 1 (1) 182
Other service periods
Total, 35 years and over................ 599 388 64.8 361 60.2 27 7.0 211
35 to 44 years...................... 95 75 79.2 70 74.1 5 6.4 20
45 to 54 years...................... 317 245 77.1 226 71.2 19 7.6 73
55 to 64 years...................... 85 52 61.8 50 59.5 2 3.8 32
65 years and over................... 102 16 15.4 14 13.7 2 (1) 86
NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over................ 116,466 69,785 59.9 63,941 54.9 5,844 8.4 46,681
18 to 24 years...................... 14,367 9,033 62.9 7,710 53.7 1,323 14.6 5,334
25 to 34 years...................... 20,132 15,052 74.8 13,685 68.0 1,368 9.1 5,080
35 to 44 years...................... 19,927 14,961 75.1 13,812 69.3 1,149 7.7 4,966
45 to 54 years...................... 22,108 16,732 75.7 15,601 70.6 1,131 6.8 5,376
55 to 64 years...................... 18,303 11,024 60.2 10,335 56.5 689 6.2 7,280
65 years and over................... 21,629 2,983 13.8 2,798 12.9 185 6.2 18,646
1 Rates are not shown where base is less than 35,000.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf
War era, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods
include the periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and
the Gulf War era. More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, and educational attainment, 2010 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian
Period of service and educational noninsti- Employed Unemployed Not in
attainment tutional Percent labor
population Total of force
population Percent Percent
Total of Total of
population labor force
VETERANS
Total, 25 years and over................ 21,713 11,539 53.1 10,565 48.7 974 8.4 10,174
Less than a high school diploma(1).... 1,530 318 20.8 282 18.4 36 11.3 1,213
High school graduates, no college(1).. 7,078 3,496 49.4 3,127 44.2 369 10.5 3,582
Some college or associate degree(1)... 7,214 4,306 59.7 3,913 54.2 393 9.1 2,908
Bachelor's degree and higher(1)....... 5,890 3,419 58.0 3,242 55.0 177 5.2 2,471
Gulf War era, Total
Total, 25 years and over................ 4,792 4,091 85.4 3,738 78.0 353 8.6 701
Less than a high school diploma(1).... 48 34 70.3 28 59.4 5 (2) 14
High school graduates, no college(1).. 1,286 1,089 84.7 964 75.0 125 11.5 197
Some college or associate degree(1)... 2,063 1,736 84.2 1,563 75.8 173 10.0 326
Bachelor's degree and higher(1)....... 1,396 1,232 88.3 1,182 84.7 50 4.1 164
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over................ 2,922 2,528 86.5 2,334 79.9 194 7.7 394
Less than a high school diploma(1).... 32 21 (2) 18 (2) 3 (2) 10
High school graduates, no college(1).. 796 679 85.3 606 76.1 73 10.8 117
Some college or associate degree(1)... 1,216 1,052 86.5 967 79.5 85 8.1 164
Bachelor's degree and higher(1)....... 878 775 88.3 743 84.7 32 4.1 103
Gulf War era II
Total, 25 years and over................ 1,870 1,564 83.6 1,404 75.1 160 10.2 307
Less than a high school diploma(1).... 16 12 (2) 11 (2) 2 (2) 4
High school graduates, no college(1).. 489 410 83.8 358 73.1 52 12.7 79
Some college or associate degree(1)... 846 684 80.8 596 70.4 88 12.8 163
Bachelor's degree and higher(1)....... 518 457 88.2 439 84.7 18 3.9 61
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 25 years and over................ 11,006 3,993 36.3 3,662 33.3 331 8.3 7,013
Less than a high school diploma(1).... 1,064 159 15.0 143 13.4 16 10.2 905
High school graduates, no college(1).. 3,639 1,197 32.9 1,081 29.7 117 9.7 2,442
Some college or associate degree(1)... 3,243 1,344 41.4 1,222 37.7 121 9.0 1,899
Bachelor's degree and higher(1)....... 3,059 1,293 42.3 1,216 39.8 76 5.9 1,767
Other service periods
Total, 25 years and over................ 5,914 3,455 58.4 3,165 53.5 290 8.4 2,459
Less than a high school diploma(1).... 418 125 29.8 110 26.3 15 11.7 294
High school graduates, no college(1).. 2,153 1,209 56.2 1,083 50.3 127 10.5 943
Some college or associate degree(1)... 1,909 1,227 64.3 1,128 59.1 98 8.0 682
Bachelor's degree and higher(1)....... 1,435 894 62.3 844 58.8 50 5.6 540
NONVETERANS
Total, 25 years and over................ 178,169 121,416 68.1 111,422 62.5 9,994 8.2 56,754
Less than a high school diploma(1).... 23,994 11,458 47.8 9,746 40.6 1,712 14.9 12,536
High school graduates, no college(1).. 54,926 34,733 63.2 31,156 56.7 3,576 10.3 20,194
Some college or associate degree(1)... 45,245 32,718 72.3 29,999 66.3 2,719 8.3 12,526
Bachelor's degree and higher(1)....... 54,005 42,507 78.7 40,521 75.0 1,986 4.7 11,498
1 This release was reissued on Thursday, October 20, 2011, to correct an error in Table 3. The data for the educational attainment
categories erroneously contained data for those age 18 and over instead of for those age 25 and over. The analyses in this release were
not affected by the corrections.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.
NOTE: More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2010 annual averages
(Percent distribution)
Gulf War era WW II,
Korean War, Other Non-
Occupation Veterans and Vietnam service veterans
Total Gulf War Gulf War era periods
era I era II
TOTAL
Total, 18 years and over (thousands)................... 10,738 3,911 2,334 1,577 3,662 3,165 126,908
Percent................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations.......... 37.3 37.2 38.6 35.0 39.1 35.2 37.5
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.............................................. 17.8 16.0 17.4 14.0 20.9 16.4 15.0
Professional and related occupations..................... 19.5 21.2 21.3 21.0 18.2 18.9 22.6
Service occupations........................................ 13.8 15.9 13.4 19.7 11.5 13.7 17.7
Sales and office occupations............................... 17.5 17.4 17.7 16.8 17.4 17.8 24.5
Sales and related occupations............................ 8.7 6.7 7.3 5.7 11.0 8.5 11.1
Office and administrative support occupations............ 8.8 10.7 10.4 11.1 6.3 9.3 13.4
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations.............................................. 14.4 14.3 14.0 14.8 14.1 14.9 9.0
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............... .4 .1 .2 .1 .6 .4 .7
Construction and extraction occupations.................. 6.5 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.9 6.6 5.1
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........ 7.5 8.1 7.7 8.6 6.6 7.9 3.2
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 17.0 15.2 16.2 13.7 17.9 18.3 11.2
Production occupations................................... 7.1 7.3 7.8 6.6 6.7 7.4 5.7
Transportation and material moving occupations........... 9.9 7.9 8.4 7.1 11.2 10.9 5.5
MEN
Total, 18 years and over (thousands)................... 9,717 3,358 2,009 1,348 3,555 2,804 62,967
Percent................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations.......... 36.3 35.5 36.8 33.6 39.0 33.9 34.1
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.............................................. 17.9 15.8 17.2 13.8 21.1 16.4 16.2
Professional and related occupations..................... 18.4 19.7 19.6 19.7 17.8 17.6 17.9
Service occupations........................................ 13.7 16.0 13.5 19.8 11.5 13.8 14.3
Sales and office occupations............................... 16.1 15.0 15.4 14.4 17.0 16.3 17.0
Sales and related occupations............................ 8.8 6.7 7.3 5.8 11.0 8.5 10.6
Office and administrative support occupations............ 7.3 8.3 8.1 8.7 5.9 7.8 6.3
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations.............................................. 15.7 16.5 16.0 17.1 14.4 16.5 17.3
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............... .4 .2 .2 .1 .6 .4 1.1
Construction and extraction occupations.................. 7.2 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.5 9.9
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........ 8.2 9.3 8.8 9.9 6.7 8.7 6.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 18.1 17.0 18.3 15.1 18.2 19.5 17.3
Production occupations................................... 7.5 8.1 8.7 7.2 6.8 7.8 8.0
Transportation and material moving occupations........... 10.6 8.9 9.6 8.0 11.4 11.7 9.3
WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over (thousands)................... 1,021 554 325 229 107 361 63,941
Percent................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations.......... 46.6 47.4 50.2 43.5 45.7 45.5 40.9
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.............................................. 16.7 17.3 18.8 15.1 14.7 16.6 13.8
Professional and related occupations..................... 29.8 30.2 31.4 28.4 30.9 28.9 27.1
Service occupations........................................ 14.5 15.3 12.8 18.8 13.6 13.6 21.0
Sales and office occupations............................... 30.9 31.7 32.3 30.9 31.4 29.6 31.9
Sales and related occupations............................ 7.9 6.8 7.6 5.6 10.7 8.8 11.5
Office and administrative support occupations............ 23.1 25.0 24.8 25.3 20.8 20.8 20.4
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations.............................................. 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.6 2.0 2.2 .9
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............... .2 - - .1 .4 .4 .3
Construction and extraction occupations.................. .4 .5 .4 .5 - .3 .3
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........ 1.2 .8 .7 1.0 1.6 1.5 .3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 6.3 4.3 3.6 5.3 7.3 9.1 5.2
Production occupations................................... 3.2 2.7 2.3 3.3 2.2 4.1 3.4
Transportation and material moving occupations........... 3.1 1.5 1.3 1.9 5.1 5.0 1.8
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War era,
and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods include the
periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and the Gulf War era.
More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2010 annual averages
(Percent distribution)
Gulf War era WW II,
Korean War, Other Non-
Industry and class of worker Veterans and Vietnam service veterans
Total Gulf War Gulf War era periods
era I era II
TOTAL
Total, 18 years and over (in thousands)..................... 10,738 3,911 2,334 1,577 3,662 3,165 126,908
Percent..................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Agriculture and related industries......................... 1.9 .5 .6 .4 3.3 1.9 1.5
Wage and salary workers.................................. .7 .3 .4 .2 1.0 .9 1.0
Self-employed workers.................................... 1.1 .2 .2 .2 2.2 1.0 .5
Nonagricultural industries................................. 98.1 99.5 99.4 99.6 96.7 98.1 98.5
Wage and salary workers.................................. 91.0 96.4 95.6 97.5 85.8 90.4 92.1
Private industries..................................... 69.1 69.2 70.5 67.2 68.1 70.2 77.3
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction........ .7 1.0 .9 1.2 .7 .5 .5
Construction......................................... 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.2 5.5 5.6 5.0
Manufacturing........................................ 12.9 12.1 13.1 10.5 12.8 14.2 9.7
Wholesale trade...................................... 3.0 2.1 2.6 1.4 3.8 3.2 2.6
Retail trade......................................... 8.0 6.8 6.7 6.8 9.2 7.9 10.9
Transportation and utilities......................... 7.3 6.9 7.1 6.6 6.5 8.5 3.6
Information.......................................... 2.2 2.8 3.3 2.1 1.6 2.1 2.0
Financial activities................................. 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.3 6.3
Professional and business services................... 10.0 12.1 11.7 12.9 9.0 8.5 9.2
Education and health services........................ 8.3 9.0 9.7 7.9 7.5 8.3 15.2
Leisure and hospitality.............................. 3.6 4.1 3.1 5.5 3.2 3.5 8.2
Other services....................................... 3.3 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.7 3.5 4.2
Government............................................. 21.9 27.2 25.1 30.4 17.6 20.2 14.8
Federal.............................................. 8.7 12.9 10.5 16.3 5.6 7.2 2.2
State................................................ 4.9 5.5 5.6 5.3 4.4 4.9 4.6
Local................................................ 8.2 8.8 8.9 8.7 7.6 8.1 8.0
Self-employed workers.................................... 7.1 3.1 3.8 2.1 10.9 7.7 6.3
Unpaid family workers.................................... - .1 .1 - - - .1
MEN
Total, 18 years and over (in thousands)..................... 9,717 3,358 2,009 1,348 3,555 2,804 62,967
Percent..................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Agriculture and related industries......................... 2.0 .5 .6 .4 3.3 2.1 2.3
Wage and salary workers.................................. .8 .3 .4 .2 1.0 1.0 1.5
Self-employed workers.................................... 1.2 .2 .2 .2 2.3 1.1 .8
Nonagricultural industries................................. 98.0 99.5 99.4 99.6 96.7 97.9 97.7
Wage and salary workers.................................. 90.5 96.2 95.5 97.3 85.7 89.7 90.2
Private industries..................................... 69.4 69.7 70.9 67.9 68.4 70.4 79.0
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction........ .8 1.2 1.0 1.4 .7 .5 .8
Construction......................................... 6.0 6.2 6.3 6.1 5.7 6.3 8.9
Manufacturing........................................ 13.6 13.2 14.5 11.3 13.1 14.9 13.5
Wholesale trade...................................... 3.1 2.3 2.7 1.7 3.8 3.3 3.6
Retail trade......................................... 8.0 6.8 6.7 6.9 9.2 7.9 10.6
Transportation and utilities......................... 7.7 7.6 7.9 7.3 6.6 9.1 5.5
Information.......................................... 2.2 3.0 3.6 2.1 1.6 2.1 2.3
Financial activities................................. 4.2 3.9 3.7 4.2 4.6 4.0 5.3
Professional and business services................... 10.1 12.3 11.4 13.6 9.2 8.7 10.3
Education and health services........................ 6.8 6.7 7.4 5.6 6.8 6.8 6.5
Leisure and hospitality.............................. 3.5 3.8 3.0 5.0 3.2 3.5 7.8
Other services....................................... 3.3 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.8 3.4 3.8
Government............................................. 21.1 26.5 24.6 29.4 17.3 19.2 11.3
Federal.............................................. 8.3 12.4 10.4 15.4 5.5 6.9 2.1
State................................................ 4.7 5.2 5.2 5.2 4.4 4.7 3.4
Local................................................ 8.0 8.9 9.0 8.8 7.5 7.7 5.7
Self-employed workers.................................... 7.5 3.2 3.8 2.3 10.9 8.2 7.5
Unpaid family workers.................................... - .1 .1 - - - -
WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over (in thousands)..................... 1,021 554 325 229 107 361 63,941
Percent..................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Agriculture and related industries......................... .6 .4 .6 .1 1.8 .7 .8
Wage and salary workers.................................. .4 .3 .5 - 1.0 .3 .5
Self-employed workers.................................... .2 .1 .2 - .7 .3 .3
Nonagricultural industries................................. 99.4 99.6 99.4 99.9 98.2 99.3 99.2
Wage and salary workers.................................. 95.7 97.2 95.9 98.9 88.1 95.8 93.9
Private industries..................................... 66.1 65.8 67.9 62.9 60.1 68.3 75.7
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction........ .2 .1 .2 - - .5 .1
Construction......................................... .3 .6 .8 .3 .1 - 1.0
Manufacturing........................................ 6.2 5.4 4.9 6.2 2.6 8.4 5.9
Wholesale trade...................................... 1.6 1.0 1.6 .1 2.1 2.3 1.6
Retail trade......................................... 7.5 6.4 6.6 6.1 10.0 8.6 11.2
Transportation and utilities......................... 3.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 4.8 3.9 1.7
Information.......................................... 1.7 1.7 1.5 2.1 .8 1.8 1.7
Financial activities................................. 6.2 5.8 6.9 4.3 5.0 7.1 7.2
Professional and business services................... 8.8 11.3 13.2 8.7 1.5 7.2 8.2
Education and health services........................ 22.5 22.8 23.8 21.4 28.1 20.4 23.8
Leisure and hospitality.............................. 4.8 5.7 3.6 8.6 2.8 4.0 8.7
Other services....................................... 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.1 4.3 4.5
Government............................................. 29.6 31.4 28.0 36.0 28.1 27.5 18.2
Federal.............................................. 13.1 15.7 11.4 21.7 9.3 10.1 2.3
State................................................ 6.8 7.4 8.4 6.0 5.1 6.3 5.7
Local................................................ 9.8 8.3 8.2 8.3 13.6 11.1 10.2
Self-employed workers.................................... 3.6 2.4 3.4 1.0 10.0 3.4 5.2
Unpaid family workers.................................... - - - - - .1 .1
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War era,
and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods include the
periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and the Gulf War era.
More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Effective with January 2009 data, industries reflect the introduction
of the 2007 Census industry classification system is derived from the 2007 North American Classification System. The self employed refer to
the unincorporated self employed. The incorporated self employed are considered wage and salary workers. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 6. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating,
period of service, and sex, July 2010, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Presence of disability, reported disability Civilian Employed Unemployed Not in
rating, noninsti- labor
period of service, and sex tutional Percent force
population Total of Percent Percent
population Total of Total of
population labor
force
TOTAL
VETERANS
Total........................................... 21,997 11,857 53.9 10,863 49.4 994 8.4 10,140
With service-connected disability................. 2,798 1,427 51.0 1,297 46.4 130 9.1 1,371
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 1,077 667 61.9 609 56.5 59 8.8 410
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 732 435 59.4 394 53.8 41 9.5 297
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 729 204 27.9 185 25.4 19 9.1 526
Disability rating not reported.................. 260 122 46.7 110 42.3 12 9.5 139
Without service-connected disability.............. 15,783 8,399 53.2 7,669 48.6 730 8.7 7,384
Presence of disability not reported............... 3,415 2,031 59.5 1,896 55.5 135 6.6 1,385
Gulf War era, total
Total........................................... 5,058 4,298 85.0 3,902 77.2 396 9.2 760
With service-connected disability................. 1,078 844 78.3 760 70.5 84 10.0 234
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 424 372 87.7 335 79.1 37 9.8 52
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 340 268 78.7 242 71.0 26 9.8 72
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 233 131 56.3 117 50.4 14 10.6 102
Disability rating not reported.................. 81 73 90.6 66 81.2 8 (1) 8
Without service-connected disability.............. 3,070 2,692 87.7 2,438 79.4 254 9.4 377
Presence of disability not reported............... 910 761 83.6 704 77.3 57 7.5 149
Gulf War era I
Total........................................... 2,897 2,473 85.4 2,293 79.2 180 7.3 423
With service-connected disability................. 548 415 75.8 379 69.1 36 8.8 133
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 267 241 90.1 222 83.2 18 7.6 26
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 134 89 66.4 86 64.2 3 3.4 45
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 119 59 49.3 45 38.1 13 (1) 60
Disability rating not reported.................. 27 26 (1) 25 (1) 2 (1) 1
Without service-connected disability.............. 1,855 1,645 88.7 1,533 82.6 112 6.8 210
Presence of disability not reported............... 494 413 83.6 382 77.2 32 7.7 81
Gulf War era II
Total........................................... 2,161 1,824 84.4 1,609 74.5 215 11.8 336
With service-connected disability................. 530 429 81.0 381 72.0 48 11.2 101
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 157 131 83.7 113 72.0 18 13.9 26
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 206 179 86.8 155 75.5 23 13.0 27
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 114 72 63.7 72 63.2 1 (1) 41
Disability rating not reported.................. 54 47 (1) 41 (1) 6 (1) 7
Without service-connected disability.............. 1,215 1,047 86.2 905 74.5 142 13.6 167
Presence of disability not reported............... 416 348 83.6 322 77.4 26 7.4 68
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total........................................... 10,971 3,985 36.3 3,654 33.3 331 8.3 6,986
With service-connected disability................. 1,235 324 26.2 291 23.6 33 10.1 912
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 447 163 36.5 146 32.6 17 10.6 284
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 271 87 32.1 81 29.7 7 7.5 184
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 385 46 12.1 42 10.8 5 (1) 338
Disability rating not reported.................. 132 27 20.4 23 17.4 4 (1) 105
Without service-connected disability.............. 8,237 3,003 36.5 2,746 33.3 257 8.6 5,234
Presence of disability not reported............... 1,499 659 43.9 618 41.2 41 6.2 840
Other service periods
Total........................................... 5,968 3,574 59.9 3,306 55.4 268 7.5 2,394
With service-connected disability................. 485 260 53.5 246 50.8 13 5.1 226
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 206 132 64.2 128 61.9 5 3.5 74
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 120 80 66.4 71 59.3 9 10.8 40
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 112 26 23.3 26 23.3 - (1) 86
Disability rating not reported.................. 47 21 (1) 21 (1) - (1) 26
Without service-connected disability.............. 4,477 2,704 60.4 2,485 55.5 218 8.1 1,773
Presence of disability not reported............... 1,006 611 60.7 574 57.1 37 6.0 395
MEN
VETERANS
Total........................................... 20,210 10,739 53.1 9,809 48.5 930 8.7 9,471
With service-connected disability................. 2,524 1,288 51.0 1,177 46.6 111 8.6 1,237
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 981 597 60.9 546 55.7 51 8.5 384
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 636 400 62.9 362 57.0 37 9.3 236
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 659 176 26.7 162 24.6 14 7.9 483
Disability rating not reported.................. 249 115 46.2 106 42.4 9 8.2 134
Without service-connected disability.............. 14,541 7,608 52.3 6,921 47.6 687 9.0 6,933
Presence of disability not reported............... 3,145 1,844 58.6 1,712 54.4 132 7.1 1,301
Gulf War era, total
Total........................................... 4,199 3,654 87.0 3,315 79.0 339 9.3 545
With service-connected disability................. 882 729 82.7 662 75.1 67 9.2 153
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 348 314 90.3 286 82.1 29 9.1 34
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 270 238 87.9 214 79.2 24 9.9 33
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 189 110 58.5 101 53.6 9 8.4 79
Disability rating not reported.................. 75 67 89.8 61 82.3 6 (1) 8
Without service-connected disability.............. 2,515 2,262 89.9 2,044 81.3 218 9.6 253
Presence of disability not reported............... 802 663 82.7 609 75.9 54 8.2 139
Gulf War era I
Total........................................... 2,441 2,125 87.1 1,969 80.7 156 7.3 316
With service-connected disability................. 448 353 78.9 325 72.7 28 7.9 94
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 224 206 91.7 188 84.1 17 8.3 19
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 102 77 75.7 77 75.3 - - 25
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 96 46 48.0 37 38.9 9 (1) 50
Disability rating not reported.................. 25 24 (1) 22 (1) 2 (1) 1
Without service-connected disability.............. 1,562 1,416 90.6 1,320 84.5 96 6.8 146
Presence of disability not reported............... 430 355 82.5 324 75.2 32 8.9 75
Gulf War era II
Total........................................... 1,758 1,529 87.0 1,346 76.6 183 12.0 229
With service-connected disability................. 434 376 86.5 337 77.6 39 10.4 58
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 124 109 87.6 97 78.4 11 10.5 15
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 168 160 95.3 137 81.5 23 14.5 8
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 93 64 69.3 64 68.7 1 (1) 28
Disability rating not reported.................. 49 43 (1) 39 (1) 4 (1) 7
Without service-connected disability.............. 952 846 88.8 724 76.0 122 14.4 107
Presence of disability not reported............... 372 308 82.8 285 76.8 22 7.3 64
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total........................................... 10,596 3,879 36.6 3,551 33.5 328 8.5 6,717
With service-connected disability................. 1,216 321 26.4 289 23.7 33 10.1 895
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 446 163 36.5 145 32.6 17 10.7 283
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 262 85 32.5 79 30.0 7 7.7 177
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 379 46 12.2 42 11.0 5 (1) 333
Disability rating not reported.................. 129 27 20.9 23 17.9 4 (1) 102
Without service-connected disability.............. 7,928 2,915 36.8 2,660 33.6 255 8.7 5,013
Presence of disability not reported............... 1,452 643 44.3 602 41.5 41 6.4 809
Other service periods
Total........................................... 5,415 3,206 59.2 2,943 54.4 262 8.2 2,209
With service-connected disability................. 426 237 55.7 226 52.9 12 4.9 189
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 186 120 64.4 115 61.9 5 3.9 66
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 103 77 74.7 70 67.9 7 9.0 26
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 91 19 21.1 19 21.1 - (1) 72
Disability rating not reported.................. 46 21 (1) 21 (1) - (1) 25
Without service-connected disability.............. 4,097 2,431 59.3 2,217 54.1 214 8.8 1,667
Presence of disability not reported............... 891 538 60.3 501 56.2 37 6.8 354
WOMEN
VETERANS
Total........................................... 1,787 1,118 62.6 1,053 58.9 65 5.8 669
With service-connected disability................. 274 140 51.0 121 44.1 19 13.6 134
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 97 70 72.7 62 64.4 8 (1) 26
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 96 35 36.8 31 32.3 4 (1) 61
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 70 28 (1) 23 (1) 5 (1) 42
Disability rating not reported.................. 11 7 (1) 4 (1) 2 (1) 5
Without service-connected disability.............. 1,242 791 63.7 749 60.3 43 5.4 451
Presence of disability not reported............... 270 187 69.2 184 68.0 3 1.7 83
Gulf War era, total
Total........................................... 859 644 74.9 587 68.3 57 8.8 215
With service-connected disability................. 196 115 58.7 98 49.9 17 15.1 81
Without service-connected disability.............. 555 431 77.6 395 71.1 36 8.4 124
Presence of disability not reported............... 108 98 90.5 95 87.6 3 3.2 10
Gulf War era I
Total........................................... 456 349 76.4 325 71.1 24 6.9 108
With service-connected disability................. 100 61 61.5 53 53.1 8 (1) 39
Without service-connected disability.............. 292 229 78.3 213 72.9 16 6.9 63
Presence of disability not reported............... 64 58 (1) 58 (1) - (1) 6
Gulf War era II
Total........................................... 402 295 73.3 262 65.2 32 11.0 108
With service-connected disability................. 96 54 55.9 45 46.5 9 (1) 42
Without service-connected disability.............. 262 202 76.9 181 69.1 20 10.1 61
Presence of disability not reported............... 44 40 (1) 37 (1) 3 (1) 5
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total........................................... 375 106 28.3 104 27.6 2 2.2 269
With service-connected disability................. 19 2 (1) 2 (1) - - 17
Without service-connected disability.............. 308 88 28.4 85 27.7 2 2.6 221
Presence of disability not reported............... 47 16 (1) 16 (1) - - 31
Other service periods
Total........................................... 553 368 66.6 363 65.5 6 1.6 185
With service-connected disability................. 59 22 (1) 21 (1) 2 (1) 37
Without service-connected disability.............. 380 273 71.9 269 70.8 4 1.5 107
Presence of disability not reported............... 115 73 63.7 73 63.7 - - 42
1 Rates not shown where the base is less than 75,000. Small estimated levels are based on a small number of survey responses and, thus,
are subject to relatively large standard errors.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf
War era, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods
include the periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and
the Gulf War era. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The
associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of
Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash represents or rounds to
zero.
Table 7. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service, and class of worker,
July 2010, not seasonally adjusted
Percent distribution by class of worker
Nonagricultural industries
Total
Veteran status, presence of disability, and employed Wage and salary workers
period of service (thousands) Agriculture
Total and Self-
related Government employed
industries Total and unpaid
Private family
sector State workers
Total Federal and
local
Veterans, total (1).......................... 10,863 100.0 2.1 97.9 68.2 22.3 8.6 13.7 7.4
With service-connected disability.......... 1,297 100.0 1.1 98.9 58.9 34.9 19.6 15.3 5.0
Without service-connected disability....... 7,669 100.0 2.4 97.6 69.1 20.7 7.1 13.6 7.8
Gulf War era, total (1).................... 3,902 100.0 .7 99.3 67.4 27.9 12.0 15.8 4.1
With service-connected disability........ 760 100.0 .4 99.6 57.9 37.3 22.3 15.0 4.3
Without service-connected disability..... 2,438 100.0 .9 99.1 70.0 24.6 9.3 15.3 4.5
Gulf War era I (1)....................... 2,293 100.0 .8 99.2 66.8 27.5 11.3 16.3 4.9
With service-connected disability...... 379 100.0 .4 99.6 53.1 40.7 29.1 11.6 5.8
Without service-connected disability... 1,533 100.0 1.0 99.0 68.9 24.7 7.4 17.4 5.3
Gulf War era II (1)...................... 1,609 100.0 .5 99.5 68.2 28.3 13.1 15.2 3.0
With service-connected disability...... 381 100.0 .4 99.6 62.7 34.0 15.6 18.4 2.8
Without service-connected disability... 905 100.0 .7 99.3 71.8 24.4 12.7 11.8 3.1
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era (1)..... 3,654 100.0 3.2 96.8 67.9 18.5 6.5 11.9 10.5
With service-connected disability........ 291 100.0 3.4 96.6 62.7 26.8 16.3 10.4 7.1
Without service-connected disability..... 2,746 100.0 3.4 96.6 67.5 18.2 5.6 12.6 10.9
Other service periods (1).................. 3,306 100.0 2.6 97.4 69.5 20.0 7.0 13.0 7.8
With service-connected disability........ 246 100.0 .6 99.4 57.4 37.1 15.1 22.0 4.9
Without service-connected disability..... 2,485 100.0 2.8 97.2 69.9 19.7 6.7 13.0 7.6
Nonveterans.................................. 127,573 100.0 1.7 98.3 77.9 14.0 2.2 11.8 6.4
1 Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War era,
and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods include the
periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and the Gulf War era.
A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating,
which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More
detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release.
Table 8. Employment status of Gulf War era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, July 2010, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian Employed Unemployed Not in
Period of service and noninsti- labor
Reserve or National Guard status tutional Percent force
population Total of Percent Percent
population Total of Total of
population labor
force
VETERANS
Gulf War era, total
Total............................................... 5,058 4,298 85.0 3,902 77.2 396 9.2 760
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard... 1,471 1,250 85.0 1,126 76.6 123 9.9 221
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard .......... 2,675 2,283 85.3 2,067 77.3 216 9.5 392
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported..... 912 766 83.9 709 77.8 56 7.3 147
Gulf War era I
Total............................................... 2,897 2,473 85.4 2,293 79.2 180 7.3 423
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard... 772 653 84.5 613 79.4 40 6.1 119
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard .......... 1,619 1,399 86.4 1,290 79.7 109 7.8 220
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported..... 507 422 83.3 391 77.1 32 7.5 84
Gulf War era II
Total............................................... 2,161 1,824 84.4 1,609 74.5 215 11.8 336
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard... 699 597 85.4 513 73.4 84 14.0 102
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard .......... 1,056 884 83.7 777 73.6 107 12.1 172
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported..... 406 343 84.7 319 78.6 25 7.2 62
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War
era, and all other service periods. The Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. More detailed information
appears in the Technical Note of this release.
Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, July 2010, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian Employed Unemployed Not in
Period of service and location noninsti- labor
tutional Percent force
population Total of Percent Percent
population Total of Total of
population labor
force
Gulf War era II
Total........................................... 2,161 1,824 84.4 1,609 74.5 215 11.8 336
Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both (1).......... 734 595 81.1 510 69.5 85 14.3 139
Served elsewhere.................................. 1,062 927 87.2 821 77.3 106 11.4 136
Location of service not reported.................. 364 302 82.9 278 76.2 25 8.2 62
1 Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October
2001. Also includes veterans who served in both countries.
NOTE: Gulf War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at anytime since September 2001.
United States Department of Labor
