For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, March 18, 2021				USDL-21-0438

Technical information:	(202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


		    EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS -- 2020


The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed
Forces at any time since September 2001--a group referred to as Gulf War-era II
veterans--rose to 7.3 percent in 2020, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported
today. The jobless rate for all veterans increased to 6.5 percent in 2020. These
increases reflect the effect of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor
market. In August 2020, 40 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans had a service-
connected disability, compared with 26 percent of all veterans.

This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly
sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households that provides data on employment,
unemployment, and persons not in the labor force in the United States. Data about
veterans are collected monthly in the CPS; these monthly data are the source of
the 2020 annual averages presented in this news release. In August 2020, a supplement
to the CPS collected additional information about veterans on topics such as service-
connected disability and veterans' current or past Reserve or National Guard 
membership. Information from the supplement is also presented in this news release.
The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and the
U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service. For more
information, see the Technical Note in this news release.

Highlights from the 2020 data:

  --Unemployment rates for both male and female veterans increased in 2020, reflecting
    the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate for male veterans was 6.5 percent, little
    different from the rate of 6.7 percent for female veterans. (See table A.)

  --Unemployment rates for White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic veterans were lower than
    for their nonveteran counterparts in 2020. (See table 1.)

  --Among the 581,000 unemployed veterans in 2020, 54 percent were ages 25 to 54, 41
    percent were age 55 and over, and 5 percent were ages 18 to 24. (See table 2A.) 

  --The unemployment rate of veterans with a service-connected disability, at 6.2
    percent in August 2020, did not have a statistically significant change over the
    year. The rate for veterans with no disability rose to 7.2 percent. (See table 7.)

  --Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a service-connected disability rating of
    less than 30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor force than those
    with a rating of 60 percent or higher in August 2020 (91.5 percent, compared with
    63.6 percent). (See table 7.)

  --In August 2020, 31 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected disability
    worked in the public sector, compared with 19 percent of veterans with no disability
    and 14 percent of nonveterans. (See table 8.)

  --In 2020, the unemployment rate of veterans varied across the country, ranging from
    2.7 percent in Nebraska to 11.3 percent in Michigan. (See table 6A.)

The Veteran Population

In 2020, 18.5 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 7 percent of the
civilian noninstitutional population age 18 and over. Of all veterans, 1 in 10 were women.
In the survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served on active
duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time these data were collected.
Veterans are much more likely to be men than are nonveterans, and they also tend to be
older. In part, this reflects the characteristics of veterans who served during World War
II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era, all of whom are now over 60 years old. Veterans
who served during these wartime periods accounted for 37 percent (6.8 million) of the total
veteran population in 2020. Forty-one percent of veterans (7.6 million) served during Gulf
War era I (August 1990 to August 2001) or Gulf War era II (September 2001 to present).
Twenty-two percent (4.1 million) served outside the designated wartime periods. (See tables
1 and 2A.) 

Gulf War-era II Veterans

In 2020, there were 4.5 million veterans who had served during Gulf War era II (September
2001 to present). Seventeen percent of these veterans were women, compared with 3.5 percent
of veterans from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. Two-thirds of all Gulf
War-era II veterans were between the ages of 25 and 44. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for men rose to 7.4 percent and the
rate for women rose to 7.2 percent in 2020. These rates were not statistically different
from each other. (See table A.)

In 2020, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans, at 7.4 percent, was not
statistically different than the rate for male nonveterans, at 7.8 percent. By age,
unemployment rates were also not statistically different among male Gulf War-era II
veterans and male nonveterans. (See table 2B.)

The unemployment rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans was 7.2 percent in 2020, not
statistically different from the rate for female nonveterans (8.2 percent). The unemployment
rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans ages 25 to 34 was lower than the rate of their
nonveteran counterparts (4.6 percent, compared with 8.4 percent). In other age groups,
the unemployment rates were not statistically different for female Gulf War-era II veterans
and nonveterans. (See table 2C.)

Employed Gulf War-era II veterans were twice as likely to work in the public sector in 2020
as employed nonveterans--28 percent versus 14 percent. Among the employed, 16 percent of
Gulf War-era II veterans worked for the federal government, compared with 2 percent of 
nonveterans. (See table 5.)

In August 2020, 40 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq, Afghanistan,
or both locations. These veterans had an unemployment rate of 5.8 percent, lower than the
rate for Gulf War-era II veterans who served elsewhere (10.2 percent). (See table 10.)

Gulf War-era I Veterans

In 2020, of the 3.1 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August
2001), the proportion who were women (16 percent) was similar to that for Gulf War-era II
veterans (17 percent). All Gulf War-era I veterans were age 35 and over in 2020, compared
with 60 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans. Forty-eight percent of Gulf War-era I veterans
were ages 45 to 54, 23 percent were ages 55 to 64, 19 percent were ages 35 to 44, and 11
percent were age 65 and over. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

In 2020, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era I veterans (4.5 percent) was lower
than those of their Gulf War-era II counterparts (7.4 percent). The difference in 
unemployment rates reflects, at least in part, the older age profile of veterans who served
during Gulf War era I. Younger people--whether veterans or nonveterans--tend to have higher
unemployment rates than older people. The rates for female Gulf War-era I and Gulf War-era
II veterans were not statistically different (6.4 percent and 7.2 percent, respectively). 
Among Gulf War-era I veterans, the unemployment rate increased for both men and women in 
2020, and the rate for men was lower than for women. (See tables 2B and 2C.)
 
Veterans of Other Service Periods

In 2020, 4.1 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods,"
mainly between the Korean War and the Vietnam era and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War
era I. All veterans from this period of service were age 45 and over at the time of the
survey. Fifty percent of these veterans were ages 55 to 64, 40 percent were age 65 and 
over, and 10 percent were ages 45 to 54. (See table 2A.)

In 2020, 1 in 10 veterans of other service periods were women. Among veterans of other
service periods, the unemployment rate for men (7.1 percent) was not statistically 
different from the rate for women (5.3 percent). The rate for men increased from the prior
year, while the rate for women did not show a statistically significant change. (See 
table 1.)

Veterans with a Service-connected Disability

In August 2020, 4.7 million veterans, or 26 percent of the total, had a service-connected
disability. Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating
by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of Defense. Ratings range
from 0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of
the condition. (See table 7.) 

The unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability was 6.2 percent in
August 2020, not statistically different from the rate for veterans with no disability
(7.2 percent). The unemployment rates for male and female veterans with a service-connected
disability were not statistically different (5.8 percent and 8.9 percent, respectively).
The labor force participation rate for veterans with a service-connected disability (48.6
percent) was also not statistically different from the rate for veterans with no disability
(47.2 percent). 

Among veterans with a service-connected disability, 27 percent reported a disability rating
of less than 30 percent, while 44 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. In August
2020, veterans with a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 percent were much
more likely to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (53.8
percent versus 41.2 percent). The unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating
of less than 30 percent was 4.7 percent, lower than the rate for those with a disability
rating of 60 percent or higher (9.6 percent).

Among veterans who served during Gulf War era II, 40 percent (1.8 million) reported a 
service-connected disability. In August 2020, 73.8 percent of all Gulf War-era II veterans
with a service-connected disability were in the labor force, lower than the 87.7 percent 
for veterans from this period with no service-connected disability. Among Gulf War-era II 
veterans, the unemployment rate for those with a service-connected disability was 8.2 
percent, not statistically different from those with no disability (8.8 percent). 

Among Gulf War-era II veterans with a service-connected disability, 19 percent reported a
disability rating of less than 30 percent and 54 percent reported a disability rating of 60
percent or higher in August 2020. Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a disability rating
of less than 30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a 
rating of 60 percent or higher (91.5 percent, compared with 63.6 percent). The unemployment
rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 percent was 5.8 percent in August
2020, much lower than the rate for those with a disability rating of 60 percent or higher
(11.8 percent).

In August 2020, 25 percent (754,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War era I reported
a service-connected disability. Their labor force participation rate (63.4 percent) was
lower than the rate for veterans who did not have a disability (77.7 percent). The 
unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans with a service-connected disability (2.8 
percent) was not statistically different from that for Gulf War-era I veterans without a 
service-connected disability (4.6 percent).

Thirteen percent (528,000) of veterans who served during other service periods reported a
service-connected disability in August 2020. The labor force participation rate of these
veterans (44.5 percent) was little different from their counterparts without a service-
connected disability (44.3 percent). The unemployment rates were not statistically different
for veterans with a service-connected disability (4.6 percent) and those with no disability
(6.9 percent).

Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability worked
in the public sector. In August 2020, 31 percent of employed veterans with a disability 
worked in federal, state, or local government, compared with 19 percent of veterans with 
no disability and 14 percent of nonveterans. Nineteen percent of employed veterans with a 
disability worked for the federal government, compared with 9 percent of veterans with no 
disability and 3 percent of nonveterans. (See table 8.)

Reserve and National Guard Membership 

In August 2020, 36 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans were current or past members of the
Reserve or National Guard. The labor force participation rate was higher for veterans who
were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard (86.0 percent) than for 
veterans who had never been members (79.0 percent). Among Gulf War-era II veterans, those 
who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard had an unemployment rate
(6.4 percent) that was lower than for those who had never been members (10.0 percent). 
(See table 9.)

Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, 2019-2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status and period of service	2019			2020
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
TOTAL VETERANS
Civilian noninstitutional population	18,822	16,938	1,884	18,466	16,562	1,904
Civilian labor force	9,270	8,169	1,101	8,918	7,826	1,093
Participation rate	49.2	48.2	58.4	48.3	47.2	57.4
Employed	8,986	7,926	1,060	8,338	7,319	1,019
Employment-population ratio	47.7	46.8	56.2	45.2	44.2	53.5
Unemployed	284	243	41	581	507	74
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.0	3.7	6.5	6.5	6.7
Not in labor force	9,552	8,769	784	9,548	8,737	811
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,328	3,602	726	4,484	3,725	760
Civilian labor force	3,468	2,974	495	3,530	3,009	521
Participation rate	80.1	82.6	68.1	78.7	80.8	68.6
Employed	3,345	2,874	471	3,271	2,788	483
Employment-population ratio	77.3	79.8	64.9	72.9	74.8	63.6
Unemployed	123	100	23	259	221	38
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.4	4.7	7.3	7.4	7.2
Not in labor force	860	628	232	955	716	239
NONVETERANS
Civilian noninstitutional population	231,555	103,960	127,595	233,099	104,960	128,140
Civilian labor force	152,188	77,491	74,697	149,742	76,404	73,338
Participation rate	65.7	74.5	58.5	64.2	72.8	57.2
Employed	146,763	74,655	72,107	137,739	70,438	67,301
Employment-population ratio	63.4	71.8	56.5	59.1	67.1	52.5
Unemployed	5,425	2,835	2,590	12,003	5,966	6,037
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.7	3.5	8.0	7.8	8.2
Not in labor force	79,367	26,469	52,898	83,357	28,555	54,802
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Effective with data for November 2017, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from an updated Department of Veterans Affairs� population model.

Technical Note

   The data in this release were collected through the Current Population Survey (CPS).
The CPS--a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. 
Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics--obtains information on employment 
and unemployment among the nation's civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over.

   Most of the data in this release are annual averages, compiled from the results of
the monthly survey. In August, a supplement to the CPS collected additional information
about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability, veterans' Reserve or 
National Guard status, and veterans who served in Iraq and/or Afghanistan. The 
supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S.
Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service. Questions were asked 
of persons 17 years of age and older regarding their prior service in the U.S. Armed 
Forces. Data are tabulated for persons 18 years of age and older.

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals 
upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Definitions

   The definitions underlying the data in this release are as follows:

   Veterans are men and women who previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed
Forces and who were civilians at the time they were surveyed. Members of the Reserve 
and National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been called to active duty.
Persons who are on active duty at the time of the survey are outside the scope of the 
survey and thus not in the estimates shown here, as are persons who reside in 
institutions, such as nursing homes and prisons.

   Nonveterans are men and women who never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed 
Forces.

   World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf War-era veterans are men and women
who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during these periods of service, regardless of where
in the world they served. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are 
classified in the most recent one.

   Veterans of other service periods are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed 
Forces at any time other than World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or the 
Gulf War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged in several armed conflicts during 
other service periods, these conflicts were more limited in scope and included a smaller
proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime periods. Veterans who served 
during one of the selected wartime periods and during another period are classified in 
the wartime period.

   Veteran status is obtained from responses to the question, "Did you ever serve on 
active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?"

   Period of service identifies when a veteran served in the Armed Forces, but not the
location of their service. It is obtained from answers to the question asked of veterans,
"When did you serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?"

   The following service periods are identified:

      Gulf War era II -- September 2001-present
      Gulf War era I  -- August 1990-August 2001
      Vietnam era     -- August 1964-April 1975
      Korean War      -- July 1950-January 1955
      World War II    -- December 1941-December 1946
      Other service periods -- All other time periods

   Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service. 
Veterans are counted only in one period of service, their most recent wartime period.
Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent 
one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are 
classified in the wartime period. The period-of-service definitions are modified 
occasionally to reflect changes in law, regulations, and program needs of the survey 
sponsors.

   Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are individuals who served in Iraq
at any time since March 2003, in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, or in both 
locations. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan is determined by answers to two questions: 
"Did you serve in Iraq, off the coast of Iraq, or did you fly missions over Iraq at any
time since March 2003?" and "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or did you fly missions over
Afghanistan, at any time since October 2001?"

   Presence of service-connected disability is determined by answers to the question,
"Has the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) or Department of Defense (DoD) determined
that you have a service-connected disability, that is, a health condition or impairment
caused or made worse by any of your military service?"

   Service-connected disability rating is based on answers to the question, "What is your
current service-connected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to 100 percent, in
increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings are determined by the VA or DoD from a rating
schedule published in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses, and
Veterans' Relief," Part 4--"Schedule for Rating Disabilities." The rating schedule is 
"primarily a guide in the evaluation of disability resulting from all types of diseases 
and injuries encountered as a result of or incident to military service. The percentage 
ratings represent as far as can practicably be determined the average impairment in 
earning capacity resulting from such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions
in civil occupations." Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of possible disorders and 
assigns ratings of 0 through 100 percent, with instructions for rating multiple disorders.

   Reserve and National Guard membership refers only to Gulf War-era veterans who are 
current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard. Members of the Reserve and 
National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been called to active duty. These 
data do not refer to all persons who may have ever served in the Reserve or National Guard.
Reserve or National Guard status is obtained from answers to two questions. Gulf War-era 
veterans were asked: "Was any of your active service the result of a call-up from the 
Reserve or National Guard?" If the answer was no, they were asked, "Have you ever been a 
member of the Reserve or National Guard?" A 'yes' response to either question classified 
persons as "Current or past member of the Reserve or National Guard." A 'no' response to 
the latter question classified persons as "Never a member of the Reserve or National Guard."

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a 
sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample 
estimates will differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this
difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent 
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, the inability to 
obtain information for all respondents in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 
respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing
of the data.

   Information about the reliability of national data from the CPS and estimating standard 
errors is available at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

   For a discussion of the reliability of state estimates from the CPS, such as those in 
tables 6A and 6B of this release, see https://www.bls.gov/opub/geographic-profile/home.htm.

Comparability of estimates

   Effective with data for November 2017, estimates for veterans incorporate population 
controls derived from an updated Department of Veterans Affairs' population model. In 
accordance with usual practice, BLS did not revise estimates for previous years. Information
about the updated veteran population model is available from the Department of Veterans 
Affairs at https://www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/Demographics/New_Vetpop_Model/Vetpop16_Overview.pdf.

Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL
Total, 18 years and over	251,565	158,661	63.1	146,077	58.1	12,583	7.9	92,904
Veterans	18,466	8,918	48.3	8,338	45.2	581	6.5	9,548
Gulf War era, total	7,558	5,806	76.8	5,438	71.9	368	6.3	1,752
Gulf War era II	4,484	3,530	78.7	3,271	72.9	259	7.3	955
Gulf War era I	3,074	2,276	74.0	2,167	70.5	109	4.8	798
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	6,826	1,254	18.4	1,170	17.1	84	6.7	5,572
Other service periods	4,082	1,859	45.5	1,730	42.4	128	6.9	2,224
Nonveterans	233,099	149,742	64.2	137,739	59.1	12,003	8.0	83,357
Men
Total, 18 years and over	121,522	84,230	69.3	77,757	64.0	6,473	7.7	37,292
Veterans	16,562	7,826	47.2	7,319	44.2	507	6.5	8,737
Gulf War era, total	6,295	4,952	78.7	4,642	73.7	309	6.2	1,344
Gulf War era II	3,725	3,009	80.8	2,788	74.8	221	7.4	716
Gulf War era I	2,570	1,943	75.6	1,855	72.2	88	4.5	627
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	6,587	1,221	18.5	1,140	17.3	80	6.6	5,366
Other service periods	3,680	1,653	44.9	1,536	41.7	117	7.1	2,027
Nonveterans	104,960	76,404	72.8	70,438	67.1	5,966	7.8	28,555
Women
Total, 18 years and over	130,043	74,431	57.2	68,320	52.5	6,110	8.2	55,612
Veterans	1,904	1,093	57.4	1,019	53.5	74	6.7	811
Gulf War era, total	1,263	854	67.6	795	63.0	59	6.9	409
Gulf War era II	760	521	68.6	483	63.6	38	7.2	239
Gulf War era I	503	333	66.2	312	61.9	21	6.4	170
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	238	33	14.0	29	12.4	4	-	205
Other service periods	402	205	51.1	194	48.4	11	5.3	197
Nonveterans	128,140	73,338	57.2	67,301	52.5	6,037	8.2	54,802
White
Total, 18 years and over	194,879	122,779	63.0	113,964	58.5	8,816	7.2	72,100
Veterans	15,240	7,190	47.2	6,749	44.3	442	6.1	8,050
Gulf War era, total	5,842	4,556	78.0	4,283	73.3	272	6.0	1,286
Gulf War era II	3,394	2,730	80.4	2,540	74.8	190	7.0	664
Gulf War era I	2,447	1,826	74.6	1,743	71.2	82	4.5	622
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	6,023	1,122	18.6	1,050	17.4	72	6.4	4,901
Other service periods	3,375	1,513	44.8	1,416	41.9	97	6.4	1,862
Nonveterans	179,639	115,589	64.3	107,215	59.7	8,374	7.2	64,050
Black or African American
Total, 18 years and over	32,122	19,953	62.1	17,711	55.1	2,241	11.2	12,170
Veterans	2,325	1,217	52.4	1,126	48.4	91	7.5	1,108
Gulf War era, total	1,192	847	71.1	789	66.2	58	6.8	345
Gulf War era II	717	514	71.8	479	66.9	35	6.8	202
Gulf War era I	475	333	70.1	310	65.3	23	6.8	142
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	582	92	15.8	82	14.1	10	10.5	490
Other service periods	551	278	50.5	254	46.1	24	8.6	273
Nonveterans	29,798	18,735	62.9	16,585	55.7	2,150	11.5	11,062
Asian
Total, 18 years and over	15,934	10,236	64.2	9,350	58.7	886	8.7	5,698
Veterans	318	184	58.0	175	55.0	9	5.1	133
Gulf War era, total	188	143	76.0	135	72.0	8	5.3	45
Gulf War era II	132	103	78.6	97	73.4	7	6.7	28
Gulf War era I	57	40	69.8	39	68.7	1	1.5	17
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	85	23	26.4	22	25.4	1	-	63
Other service periods	44	19	42.5	18	40.1	1	-	26
Nonveterans	15,616	10,052	64.4	9,175	58.8	877	8.7	5,565
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 18 years and over	42,037	28,540	67.9	25,608	60.9	2,932	10.3	13,497
Veterans	1,456	958	65.8	887	60.9	71	7.4	499
Gulf War era, total	917	751	82.0	694	75.8	57	7.6	165
Gulf War era II	622	515	82.8	470	75.6	45	8.7	107
Gulf War era I	295	236	80.2	224	76.1	12	5.1	58
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	292	68	23.3	64	21.9	4	5.9	224
Other service periods	247	138	55.9	129	52.0	10	7.0	109
Nonveterans	40,581	27,583	68.0	24,721	60.9	2,862	10.4	12,998
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	18,466	8,918	48.3	8,338	45.2	581	6.5	9,548
18 to 24 years	275	194	70.5	166	60.3	28	14.6	81
25 to 34 years	1,529	1,249	81.7	1,139	74.5	110	8.8	280
35 to 44 years	2,035	1,711	84.1	1,611	79.2	99	5.8	324
45 to 54 years	2,521	2,072	82.2	1,967	78.0	105	5.0	450
55 to 64 years	3,433	2,160	62.9	2,019	58.8	141	6.5	1,273
65 years and over	8,674	1,534	17.7	1,436	16.6	98	6.4	7,140
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over	7,558	5,806	76.8	5,438	71.9	368	6.3	1,752
18 to 24 years	275	194	70.5	166	60.3	28	14.6	81
25 to 34 years	1,529	1,249	81.7	1,139	74.5	110	8.8	280
35 to 44 years	2,035	1,711	84.1	1,611	79.2	99	5.8	324
45 to 54 years	2,128	1,756	82.5	1,673	78.6	83	4.7	372
55 to 64 years	1,150	774	67.3	732	63.6	42	5.4	376
65 years and over	442	123	27.8	117	26.4	6	4.8	319
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over	4,484	3,530	78.7	3,271	72.9	259	7.3	955
18 to 24 years	275	194	70.5	166	60.3	28	14.6	81
25 to 34 years	1,529	1,249	81.7	1,139	74.5	110	8.8	280
35 to 44 years	1,462	1,219	83.4	1,147	78.5	72	5.9	243
45 to 54 years	655	527	80.4	498	76.1	28	5.4	128
55 to 64 years	454	309	68.1	293	64.6	16	5.2	145
65 years and over	110	33	29.9	29	26.2	4	-	77
Gulf War era I
Total, 35 years and over	3,074	2,276	74.0	2,167	70.5	109	4.8	798
35 to 44 years	573	492	85.9	465	81.1	27	5.5	81
45 to 54 years	1,473	1,229	83.5	1,175	79.8	54	4.4	243
55 to 64 years	697	465	66.8	439	63.0	26	5.6	231
65 years and over	332	90	27.1	88	26.5	2	2.0	242
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 55 years and over	6,826	1,254	18.4	1,170	17.1	84	6.7	5,572
55 to 64 years	234	95	40.5	89	37.9	6	6.5	139
65 years and over	6,591	1,159	17.6	1,081	16.4	78	6.7	5,432
Other service periods
Total, 45 years and over	4,082	1,859	45.5	1,730	42.4	128	6.9	2,224
45 to 54 years	394	316	80.2	294	74.7	22	6.9	78
55 to 64 years	2,048	1,291	63.0	1,198	58.5	93	7.2	757
65 years and over	1,640	252	15.4	238	14.5	14	5.5	1,389
TOTAL NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	233,099	149,742	64.2	137,739	59.1	12,003	8.0	83,357
18 to 24 years	28,446	17,931	63.0	15,309	53.8	2,623	14.6	10,514
25 to 34 years	43,316	35,257	81.4	32,288	74.5	2,970	8.4	8,058
35 to 44 years	39,295	32,273	82.1	30,195	76.8	2,077	6.4	7,023
45 to 54 years	37,348	30,067	80.5	28,131	75.3	1,936	6.4	7,281
55 to 64 years	38,766	25,141	64.9	23,434	60.5	1,706	6.8	13,625
65 years and over	45,928	9,073	19.8	8,382	18.3	691	7.6	36,855
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS, MEN
Total, 18 years and over	16,562	7,826	47.2	7,319	44.2	507	6.5	8,737
18 to 24 years	200	142	70.9	124	62.0	18	12.5	58
25 to 34 years	1,247	1,068	85.6	966	77.5	102	9.5	179
35 to 44 years	1,652	1,432	86.7	1,351	81.8	81	5.7	220
45 to 54 years	2,150	1,795	83.5	1,707	79.4	87	4.9	355
55 to 64 years	2,996	1,911	63.8	1,786	59.6	125	6.5	1,084
65 years and over	8,318	1,478	17.8	1,384	16.6	94	6.4	6,840
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over	6,295	4,952	78.7	4,642	73.7	309	6.2	1,344
18 to 24 years	200	142	70.9	124	62.0	18	12.5	58
25 to 34 years	1,247	1,068	85.6	966	77.5	102	9.5	179
35 to 44 years	1,652	1,432	86.7	1,351	81.8	81	5.7	220
45 to 54 years	1,817	1,522	83.8	1,455	80.1	67	4.4	295
55 to 64 years	984	673	68.4	637	64.7	36	5.3	311
65 years and over	395	115	29.0	109	27.5	6	5.2	280
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over	3,725	3,009	80.8	2,788	74.8	221	7.4	716
18 to 24 years	200	142	70.9	124	62.0	18	12.5	58
25 to 34 years	1,247	1,068	85.6	966	77.5	102	9.5	179
35 to 44 years	1,194	1,020	85.4	962	80.5	58	5.7	174
45 to 54 years	570	464	81.4	438	76.9	26	5.5	106
55 to 64 years	412	284	68.8	270	65.3	14	5.0	129
65 years and over	101	31	31.2	27	27.1	4	-	70
Gulf War era I
Total, 35 years and over	2,570	1,943	75.6	1,855	72.2	88	4.5	627
35 to 44 years	457	412	90.1	389	85.1	23	5.6	45
45 to 54 years	1,248	1,058	84.8	1,017	81.5	41	3.9	189
55 to 64 years	572	389	68.1	368	64.3	22	5.6	182
65 years and over	294	83	28.3	81	27.7	2	2.2	211
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 55 years and over	6,587	1,221	18.5	1,140	17.3	80	6.6	5,366
55 to 64 years	220	92	41.8	86	39.3	6	6.1	128
65 years and over	6,367	1,129	17.7	1,054	16.6	75	6.6	5,238
Other service periods
Total, 45 years and over	3,680	1,653	44.9	1,536	41.7	117	7.1	2,027
45 to 54 years	333	272	81.8	252	75.8	20	7.4	60
55 to 64 years	1,792	1,146	64.0	1,063	59.3	84	7.3	645
65 years and over	1,556	235	15.1	221	14.2	14	5.8	1,321
NONVETERANS, MEN
Total, 18 years and over	104,960	76,404	72.8	70,438	67.1	5,966	7.8	28,555
18 to 24 years	14,221	9,160	64.4	7,807	54.9	1,353	14.8	5,061
25 to 34 years	21,140	18,441	87.2	16,878	79.8	1,563	8.5	2,699
35 to 44 years	18,691	16,814	90.0	15,769	84.4	1,045	6.2	1,877
45 to 54 years	17,336	15,124	87.2	14,218	82.0	905	6.0	2,213
55 to 64 years	17,340	12,479	72.0	11,680	67.4	799	6.4	4,861
65 years and over	16,232	4,387	27.0	4,086	25.2	301	6.9	11,845
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS, WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over	1,904	1,093	57.4	1,019	53.5	74	6.7	811
18 to 24 years	75	52	69.6	42	55.6	11	20.2	23
25 to 34 years	282	181	64.1	172	61.1	8	4.6	101
35 to 44 years	383	279	72.7	260	68.0	18	6.5	104
45 to 54 years	371	277	74.7	260	70.0	17	6.2	94
55 to 64 years	437	249	56.9	233	53.3	16	6.3	188
65 years and over	356	56	15.7	52	14.6	4	6.6	300
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over	1,263	854	67.6	795	63.0	59	6.9	409
18 to 24 years	75	52	69.6	42	55.6	11	20.2	23
25 to 34 years	282	181	64.1	172	61.1	8	4.6	101
35 to 44 years	383	279	72.7	260	68.0	18	6.5	104
45 to 54 years	310	234	75.3	218	70.3	16	6.7	77
55 to 64 years	166	101	60.8	95	57.1	6	6.1	65
65 years and over	47	8	-	8	-	0	-	39
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over	760	521	68.6	483	63.6	38	7.2	239
18 to 24 years	75	52	69.6	42	55.6	11	20.2	23
25 to 34 years	282	181	64.1	172	61.1	8	4.6	101
35 to 44 years	267	199	74.4	185	69.1	14	7.1	69
45 to 54 years	85	63	73.7	60	70.4	3	4.4	22
55 to 64 years	41	25	61.3	23	56.8	2	-	16
65 years and over	9	2	-	2	-	0	-	8
Gulf War era I
Total, 35 years and over	503	333	66.2	312	61.9	21	6.4	170
35 to 44 years	116	80	69.0	76	65.4	4	5.2	36
45 to 54 years	225	171	75.9	158	70.2	13	7.5	54
55 to 64 years	125	76	60.7	72	57.2	4	5.7	49
65 years and over	38	6	-	6	-	0	-	31
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 55 years and over	238	33	14.0	29	12.4	4	-	205
55 to 64 years	14	3	-	2	-	1	-	11
65 years and over	224	30	13.6	27	12.1	3	-	194
Other service periods
Total, 45 years and over	402	205	51.1	194	48.4	11	5.3	197
45 to 54 years	61	43	71.4	42	68.6	2	3.9	17
55 to 64 years	257	145	56.4	136	52.9	9	6.2	112
65 years and over	84	17	20.4	17	20.1	0	-	67
NONVETERANS, WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over	128,140	73,338	57.2	67,301	52.5	6,037	8.2	54,802
18 to 24 years	14,225	8,772	61.7	7,502	52.7	1,269	14.5	5,454
25 to 34 years	22,176	16,817	75.8	15,410	69.5	1,407	8.4	5,359
35 to 44 years	20,604	15,458	75.0	14,426	70.0	1,032	6.7	5,146
45 to 54 years	20,011	14,943	74.7	13,913	69.5	1,030	6.9	5,068
55 to 64 years	21,426	12,662	59.1	11,754	54.9	907	7.2	8,765
65 years and over	29,696	4,686	15.8	4,296	14.5	390	8.3	25,010
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational attainment, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service, and educational attainment	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS
Total, 25 years and over	18,191	8,724	48.0	8,172	44.9	552	6.3	9,466
Less than a high school diploma	658	121	18.3	114	17.3	7	5.8	538
High school graduates, no college	5,024	2,148	42.8	1,980	39.4	168	7.8	2,876
Some college or associate degree	6,280	3,149	50.1	2,939	46.8	210	6.7	3,132
Bachelor's degree and higher	6,228	3,307	53.1	3,139	50.4	167	5.1	2,921
Gulf War era, total
Total, 25 years and over	7,283	5,612	77.1	5,272	72.4	340	6.1	1,671
Less than a high school diploma	78	41	52.2	40	50.4	1	3.6	37
High school graduates, no college	1,589	1,215	76.5	1,120	70.5	95	7.8	374
Some college or associate degree	2,768	2,086	75.4	1,960	70.8	126	6.1	682
Bachelor's degree and higher	2,847	2,270	79.7	2,153	75.6	117	5.2	578
Gulf War era II
Total, 25 years and over	4,209	3,336	79.2	3,105	73.8	231	6.9	874
Less than a high school diploma	40	22	55.9	21	53.6	1	-	18
High school graduates, no college	892	708	79.4	644	72.2	64	9.0	184
Some college or associate degree	1,588	1,205	75.8	1,121	70.6	83	6.9	384
Bachelor's degree and higher	1,690	1,401	82.9	1,319	78.1	82	5.9	288
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over	3,074	2,276	74.0	2,167	70.5	109	4.8	798
Less than a high school diploma	39	19	48.5	18	47.0	1	-	20
High school graduates, no college	697	507	72.8	476	68.3	31	6.1	190
Some college or associate degree	1,180	881	74.7	839	71.1	43	4.9	299
Bachelor's degree and higher	1,158	868	75.0	834	72.0	35	4.0	289
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 25 years and over	6,826	1,254	18.4	1,170	17.1	84	6.7	5,572
Less than a high school diploma	389	37	9.5	35	8.9	2	6.2	352
High school graduates, no college	2,003	321	16.0	297	14.8	24	7.4	1,682
Some college or associate degree	2,193	407	18.6	375	17.1	32	7.9	1,786
Bachelor's degree and higher	2,241	489	21.8	463	20.7	26	5.3	1,752
Other service periods
Total, 25 years and over	4,082	1,859	45.5	1,730	42.4	128	6.9	2,224
Less than a high school diploma	191	43	22.3	40	20.7	3	7.5	149
High school graduates, no college	1,432	612	42.8	563	39.3	50	8.1	820
Some college or associate degree	1,319	656	49.7	604	45.8	51	7.9	663
Bachelor's degree and higher	1,140	548	48.1	524	46.0	24	4.4	592
NONVETERANS
Total, 25 years and over	204,653	131,811	64.4	122,431	59.8	9,380	7.1	72,842
Less than a high school diploma	19,159	8,743	45.6	7,715	40.3	1,028	11.8	10,416
High school graduates, no college	56,985	32,534	57.1	29,572	51.9	2,962	9.1	24,451
Some college or associate degree	51,202	33,375	65.2	30,747	60.0	2,629	7.9	17,827
Bachelor's degree and higher	77,308	57,159	73.9	54,397	70.4	2,762	4.8	20,149
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2020 annual averages [Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex	Veterans						Non- veterans
	Total	Gulf War era			WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	Other service periods
		Total	Gulf War era II	Gulf War era I
TOTAL
Total employed (in thousands)	8,338	5,438	3,271	2,167	1,170	1,730	137,739
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	41.7	42.1	41.0	43.8	44.2	38.5	43.6
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	20.3	19.3	18.0	21.2	26.5	19.4	18.5
Professional and related occupations	21.3	22.8	23.0	22.6	17.7	19.1	25.2
Service occupations	13.0	14.1	15.1	12.6	9.8	11.8	15.2
Sales and office occupations	15.3	14.9	14.6	15.2	18.1	14.7	20.3
Sales and related occupations	8.0	7.1	6.6	7.8	13.1	7.4	9.5
Office and administrative support occupations	7.3	7.8	8.0	7.4	5.0	7.3	10.8
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	12.8	12.6	12.6	12.8	11.4	14.4	8.8
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.4	1.1	0.4	0.7
Construction and extraction occupations	5.8	5.4	5.2	5.8	4.9	7.7	5.2
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	6.6	6.9	7.0	6.6	5.3	6.4	3.0
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	17.2	16.2	16.7	15.6	16.4	20.5	12.0
Production occupations	6.3	6.3	6.7	5.5	4.4	7.7	5.1
Transportation and material moving occupations	10.9	10.0	9.9	10.1	12.0	12.9	6.9
MEN
Total employed (in thousands)	7,319	4,642	2,788	1,855	1,140	1,536	70,438
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	40.1	40.3	39.0	42.4	44.0	36.6	39.4
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	20.4	19.1	17.6	21.4	26.9	19.3	19.2
Professional and related occupations	19.8	21.2	21.4	21.0	17.1	17.4	20.2
Service occupations	12.9	14.0	15.0	12.5	9.9	11.7	12.1
Sales and office occupations	14.1	13.3	13.2	13.5	18.0	13.4	14.6
Sales and related occupations	8.1	7.1	6.5	8.0	13.2	7.3	9.3
Office and administrative support occupations	6.0	6.2	6.7	5.5	4.8	6.1	5.4
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14.3	14.4	14.4	14.4	11.7	16.1	16.3
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.5	1.2	0.4	1.0
Construction and extraction occupations	6.5	6.2	6.0	6.6	5.1	8.6	9.7
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	7.3	7.8	8.0	7.4	5.4	7.1	5.5
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	18.6	17.9	18.4	17.2	16.4	22.2	17.6
Production occupations	6.7	6.8	7.4	5.9	4.4	8.2	7.0
Transportation and material moving occupations	11.9	11.1	11.0	11.3	12.0	14.0	10.6
WOMEN
Total employed (in thousands)	1,019	795	483	312	29	194	67,301
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	52.6	52.5	52.6	52.3	-	53.3	48.0
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	20.0	20.2	20.4	19.9	-	20.5	17.7
Professional and related occupations	32.6	32.3	32.2	32.4	-	32.8	30.3
Service occupations	14.3	14.9	15.9	13.4	-	12.9	18.5
Sales and office occupations	24.0	23.7	22.7	25.1	-	25.2	26.2
Sales and related occupations	7.2	6.8	7.1	6.4	-	8.2	9.7
Office and administrative support occupations	16.7	16.9	15.6	18.7	-	17.0	16.4
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	2.1	2.4	2.0	3.0	-	1.4	1.1
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	-	0.0	0.4
Construction and extraction occupations	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.8	-	0.5	0.4
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	1.4	1.6	1.3	2.1	-	0.9	0.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	7.0	6.6	6.8	6.2	-	7.2	6.2
Production occupations	3.2	3.2	3.0	3.4	-	3.2	3.1
Transportation and material moving occupations	3.8	3.4	3.8	2.8	-	4.0	3.1
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2020 annual averages [Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex	Veterans						Non- veterans
	Total	Gulf War era			WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era	Other service periods
		Total	Gulf War era II	Gulf War era I
TOTAL
Total employed (in thousands)(1)	8,338	5,438	3,271	2,167	1,170	1,730	137,739
As a percent of total employed
Total employed(1)	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Agriculture and related industries	1.8	0.8	0.6	1.1	6.3	1.8	1.6
Wage and salary workers(2)	0.9	0.6	0.5	0.7	2.2	0.8	1.1
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	0.9	0.2	0.1	0.4	4.1	1.0	0.5
Nonagricultural industries	98.2	99.2	99.4	98.9	93.7	98.2	98.4
Wage and salary workers(2)	92.1	95.2	96.1	94.0	79.9	90.6	92.6
Private industries	69.3	68.8	67.9	70.1	68.8	71.0	79.0
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0.8	0.9	0.8	1.2	0.2	0.7	0.4
Construction	5.9	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.9	6.9	6.0
Manufacturing	12.2	12.0	11.8	12.4	9.9	14.1	9.5
Wholesale trade	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.7	1.8	2.7	2.2
Retail trade	7.8	7.3	6.6	8.4	10.8	7.4	10.0
Transportation and utilities	7.7	7.5	7.8	7.0	6.9	9.1	4.4
Information	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.9	0.7	1.0	1.6
Financial activities	5.0	4.9	4.6	5.5	6.6	4.1	6.7
Professional and business services	11.4	11.7	11.8	11.5	12.3	9.9	11.2
Education and health services	8.7	9.1	9.1	9.2	6.8	8.8	16.1
Leisure and hospitality	3.0	3.0	3.3	2.6	2.8	3.1	6.8
Other services	2.8	2.4	2.5	2.3	4.0	3.2	3.9
Government	22.9	26.4	28.1	23.9	11.1	19.6	13.6
Federal	11.4	14.2	15.7	12.0	3.0	8.2	2.2
State	4.7	5.1	5.4	4.7	2.6	4.8	4.7
Local	6.8	7.1	7.1	7.2	5.4	6.6	6.7
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	6.1	4.0	3.3	4.9	13.8	7.6	5.8
MEN
Total employed (in thousands)(1)	7,319	4,642	2,788	1,855	1,140	1,536	70,438
As a percent of total employed
Total employed(1)	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Agriculture and related industries	1.9	0.8	0.6	1.1	6.5	1.9	2.1
Wage and salary workers(2)	0.9	0.6	0.5	0.8	2.2	0.8	1.5
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	1.0	0.2	0.1	0.3	4.2	1.1	0.6
Nonagricultural industries	98.1	99.2	99.4	98.9	93.5	98.1	97.9
Wage and salary workers(2)	91.8	95.2	95.9	94.2	79.6	90.6	91.5
Private industries	70.1	69.7	68.2	72.0	68.8	72.2	81.1
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0.8	1.0	0.9	1.2	0.2	0.8	0.7
Construction	6.5	6.2	6.2	6.2	6.1	7.7	10.3
Manufacturing	13.0	13.0	12.5	13.7	9.8	15.1	12.8
Wholesale trade	2.7	2.8	2.7	3.0	1.8	2.8	2.9
Retail trade	8.0	7.5	6.8	8.6	10.7	7.4	10.1
Transportation and utilities	8.5	8.5	8.8	8.0	7.0	9.8	6.5
Information	1.5	1.9	1.8	2.0	0.8	1.0	1.8
Financial activities	4.7	4.6	4.3	5.1	6.6	3.7	6.1
Professional and business services	11.8	12.1	12.2	12.1	12.3	10.4	12.5
Education and health services	6.9	7.0	6.7	7.4	6.5	7.2	7.2
Leisure and hospitality	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.8	3.2	6.5
Other services	2.8	2.3	2.4	2.2	4.1	3.1	3.6
Government	21.7	25.5	27.7	22.2	10.8	18.4	10.4
Federal	10.5	13.4	15.1	10.8	3.0	7.3	2.0
State	4.5	5.0	5.4	4.4	2.6	4.6	3.5
Local	6.7	7.1	7.2	6.9	5.2	6.5	4.9
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	6.3	4.0	3.5	4.7	13.9	7.5	6.4
WOMEN
Total employed (in thousands)(1)	1,019	795	483	312	29	194	67,301
As a percent of total employed
Total employed(1)	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Agriculture and related industries	0.9	0.8	0.4	1.2	-	1.4	0.9
Wage and salary workers(2)	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.2	-	0.8	0.6
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	0.4	0.4	0.0	1.0	-	0.6	0.3
Nonagricultural industries	99.1	99.2	99.6	98.8	-	98.6	99.1
Wage and salary workers(2)	94.4	95.5	97.0	93.1	-	90.8	93.8
Private industries	63.4	63.5	66.5	59.0	-	61.7	76.8
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0.4	0.5	0.2	1.0	-	0.0	0.1
Construction	1.5	1.7	1.9	1.2	-	1.3	1.5
Manufacturing	6.5	6.2	7.2	4.8	-	6.4	6.1
Wholesale trade	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.5	-	1.3	1.4
Retail trade	6.7	6.4	6.0	7.0	-	6.9	9.9
Transportation and utilities	2.0	1.7	2.2	0.9	-	3.0	2.3
Information	1.0	0.9	0.7	1.3	-	1.3	1.3
Financial activities	6.7	6.7	6.0	7.8	-	6.8	7.4
Professional and business services	8.6	9.0	9.7	8.0	-	6.6	9.8
Education and health services	21.7	21.9	22.9	20.4	-	21.2	25.4
Leisure and hospitality	3.9	4.4	5.9	2.1	-	2.4	7.2
Other services	3.2	2.9	2.9	3.1	-	4.6	4.3
Government	31.1	31.9	30.5	34.1	-	29.0	17.0
Federal	17.7	18.8	18.7	19.0	-	15.5	2.4
State	6.1	6.1	5.8	6.5	-	6.2	6.1
Local	7.2	7.0	6.1	8.6	-	7.3	8.6
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	4.7	3.8	2.5	5.7	-	7.9	5.2
Footnotes (1) Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately. (2) Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

State	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	18,466	8,918	48.3	8,338	45.2	581	6.5	9,548
Alabama	327	165	50.6	155	47.4	10	6.3	161
Alaska	62	35	56.0	33	53.7	1	4.0	27
Arizona	507	233	46.0	210	41.5	22	9.6	274
Arkansas	198	83	41.7	79	40.0	3	4.0	115
California	1,463	664	45.4	605	41.3	60	9.0	799
Colorado	372	192	51.5	185	49.7	7	3.5	181
Connecticut	149	72	48.0	68	45.3	4	5.5	78
Delaware	75	35	46.1	32	42.8	2	7.2	41
District of Columbia	25	13	51.4	12	47.9	1	6.9	12
Florida	1,361	585	43.0	555	40.8	29	5.0	776
Georgia	680	342	50.4	329	48.4	13	3.8	338
Hawaii	97	50	51.7	47	48.4	3	6.5	47
Idaho	111	51	46.5	49	44.2	3	5.0	59
Illinois	559	249	44.6	230	41.1	19	7.8	310
Indiana	413	219	52.9	202	48.9	17	7.6	195
Iowa	210	115	54.5	106	50.4	9	7.6	96
Kansas	169	93	55.2	88	52.3	5	5.2	76
Kentucky	257	118	45.9	111	43.3	7	5.7	139
Louisiana	272	136	50.1	128	47.0	9	6.4	135
Maine	109	48	44.5	45	41.7	3	6.2	60
Maryland	375	232	61.8	219	58.3	13	5.8	143
Massachusetts	303	142	46.8	132	43.6	10	6.9	161
Michigan	512	210	41.0	186	36.4	24	11.3	302
Minnesota	305	147	48.3	135	44.3	12	8.3	157
Mississippi	172	82	47.9	78	45.1	5	5.7	89
Missouri	393	168	42.9	159	40.4	10	5.7	225
Montana	90	43	47.5	41	45.4	2	4.4	47
Nebraska	130	76	58.2	74	56.6	2	2.7	54
Nevada	218	115	52.7	104	47.7	11	9.4	103
New Hampshire	95	47	49.0	44	46.4	3	5.4	48
New Jersey	337	141	41.9	130	38.5	11	8.1	196
New Mexico	167	78	46.6	72	43.4	5	6.8	89
New York	690	276	40.0	256	37.2	20	7.1	414
North Carolina	708	320	45.1	302	42.6	18	5.6	389
North Dakota	44	23	51.7	21	47.3	2	8.4	21
Ohio	715	348	48.7	316	44.1	32	9.3	367
Oklahoma	277	129	46.7	123	44.5	6	4.8	147
Oregon	313	142	45.5	133	42.6	9	6.3	170
Pennsylvania	757	314	41.5	290	38.4	24	7.6	443
Rhode Island	53	24	46.0	22	42.5	2	7.7	29
South Carolina	417	220	52.8	210	50.3	10	4.7	197
South Dakota	56	31	55.7	30	54.4	1	-	25
Tennessee	469	222	47.5	207	44.2	15	6.8	246
Texas	1,574	875	55.6	828	52.6	47	5.4	699
Utah	136	70	51.7	66	48.8	4	5.6	65
Vermont	39	18	46.6	17	43.7	1	6.3	21
Virginia	679	411	60.5	394	58.1	16	4.0	268
Washington	512	262	51.1	239	46.8	22	8.5	250
West Virginia	124	54	43.6	51	40.6	4	6.7	70
Wisconsin	339	172	50.7	162	47.7	10	6.0	167
Wyoming	49	26	53.1	25	49.6	2	6.5	23
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria.

Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

State	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	233,099	149,742	64.2	137,739	59.1	12,003	8.0	83,357
Alabama	3,424	2,032	59.4	1,912	55.8	121	5.9	1,392
Alaska	465	305	65.5	281	60.4	24	7.8	161
Arizona	5,111	3,286	64.3	3,042	59.5	244	7.4	1,825
Arkansas	2,071	1,252	60.5	1,174	56.7	78	6.3	819
California	28,709	18,030	62.8	16,199	56.4	1,831	10.2	10,679
Colorado	4,091	2,897	70.8	2,685	65.6	212	7.3	1,194
Connecticut	2,625	1,764	67.2	1,629	62.1	135	7.7	861
Delaware	689	440	63.9	406	59.0	34	7.6	249
District of Columbia	544	389	71.5	359	65.9	31	7.9	155
Florida	15,800	9,408	59.5	8,657	54.8	750	8.0	6,393
Georgia	7,320	4,666	63.7	4,355	59.5	311	6.7	2,654
Hawaii	961	596	62.0	525	54.6	72	12.0	365
Idaho	1,243	825	66.3	783	63.0	42	5.0	418
Illinois	9,054	5,902	65.2	5,375	59.4	527	8.9	3,152
Indiana	4,679	3,073	65.7	2,859	61.1	214	7.0	1,606
Iowa	2,184	1,514	69.3	1,436	65.7	78	5.2	670
Kansas	1,990	1,380	69.3	1,302	65.4	78	5.6	610
Kentucky	3,125	1,866	59.7	1,743	55.8	123	6.6	1,259
Louisiana	3,169	1,917	60.5	1,756	55.4	161	8.4	1,252
Maine	971	619	63.7	587	60.5	32	5.1	352
Maryland	4,248	2,911	68.5	2,719	64.0	191	6.6	1,337
Massachusetts	5,182	3,477	67.1	3,153	60.9	324	9.3	1,704
Michigan	7,204	4,558	63.3	4,128	57.3	430	9.4	2,646
Minnesota	3,991	2,865	71.8	2,705	67.8	160	5.6	1,126
Mississippi	2,034	1,166	57.3	1,070	52.6	95	8.2	868
Missouri	4,268	2,815	66.0	2,643	61.9	172	6.1	1,453
Montana	742	487	65.6	458	61.8	28	5.8	255
Nebraska	1,302	949	72.9	907	69.7	42	4.4	353
Nevada	2,174	1,404	64.6	1,221	56.2	183	13.1	770
New Hampshire	1,004	694	69.0	648	64.5	45	6.5	311
New Jersey	6,503	4,308	66.2	3,896	59.9	412	9.6	2,195
New Mexico	1,431	845	59.0	772	53.9	73	8.6	586
New York	14,413	8,918	61.9	8,034	55.7	884	9.9	5,495
North Carolina	7,386	4,596	62.2	4,269	57.8	327	7.1	2,791
North Dakota	524	375	71.6	358	68.2	18	4.7	149
Ohio	8,210	5,261	64.1	4,830	58.8	431	8.2	2,949
Oklahoma	2,657	1,694	63.7	1,587	59.7	106	6.3	963
Oregon	3,034	1,951	64.3	1,804	59.5	148	7.6	1,083
Pennsylvania	9,188	5,960	64.9	5,425	59.0	536	9.0	3,228
Rhode Island	786	517	65.8	470	59.8	47	9.2	269
South Carolina	3,586	2,144	59.8	2,011	56.1	133	6.2	1,442
South Dakota	598	426	71.2	407	67.9	20	4.6	172
Tennessee	4,815	3,035	63.0	2,803	58.2	232	7.6	1,780
Texas	19,861	12,991	65.4	12,005	60.4	986	7.6	6,870
Utah	2,164	1,519	70.2	1,448	66.9	71	4.7	646
Vermont	464	307	66.2	290	62.5	17	5.5	157
Virginia	5,863	3,941	67.2	3,691	62.9	250	6.4	1,922
Washington	5,419	3,635	67.1	3,342	61.7	293	8.1	1,784
West Virginia	1,272	728	57.3	670	52.7	58	8.0	543
Wisconsin	4,157	2,837	68.3	2,660	64.0	177	6.2	1,320
Wyoming	390	265	68.0	250	64.2	15	5.7	125
NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex, August 2020, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL VETERANS
Total	18,417	8,763	47.6	8,145	44.2	618	7.1	9,653
With service-connected disability	4,747	2,305	48.6	2,161	45.5	144	6.2	2,442
Less than 30 percent disability rating	1,290	694	53.8	661	51.2	33	4.7	596
30 to 50 percent disability rating	965	573	59.3	551	57.1	21	3.7	393
60 percent or higher disability rating	2,067	852	41.2	770	37.3	82	9.6	1,215
Disability rating not reported	425	187	44.0	179	42.2	8	4.2	238
Without service-connected disability	13,054	6,163	47.2	5,721	43.8	442	7.2	6,891
Presence of disability not reported	616	295	47.9	263	42.7	32	10.9	321
Gulf War era, total
Total	7,575	5,949	78.5	5,530	73.0	419	7.0	1,626
With service-connected disability	2,597	1,839	70.8	1,714	66.0	125	6.8	758
Less than 30 percent disability rating	572	484	84.6	464	81.1	20	4.2	88
30 to 50 percent disability rating	569	472	83.0	451	79.3	21	4.4	97
60 percent or higher disability rating	1,257	735	58.4	660	52.5	75	10.3	522
Disability rating not reported	199	148	74.3	140	70.4	8	5.3	51
Without service-connected disability	4,678	3,890	83.2	3,617	77.3	273	7.0	788
Presence of disability not reported	299	219	73.3	198	66.0	22	9.9	80
Gulf War era II
Total	4,590	3,742	81.5	3,426	74.6	316	8.4	848
With service-connected disability	1,843	1,361	73.8	1,249	67.8	111	8.2	483
Less than 30 percent disability rating	358	328	91.5	309	86.2	19	5.8	30
30 to 50 percent disability rating	348	301	86.5	285	81.8	16	5.4	47
60 percent or higher disability rating	1,003	638	63.6	562	56.1	75	11.8	365
Disability rating not reported	134	94	70.0	93	69.6	0	0.5	40
Without service-connected disability	2,563	2,248	87.7	2,050	80.0	197	8.8	315
Presence of disability not reported	184	133	72.7	126	68.7	7	5.6	50
Gulf War era I
Total	2,985	2,207	73.9	2,104	70.5	103	4.7	778
With service-connected disability	754	478	63.4	465	61.7	13	2.8	276
Less than 30 percent disability rating	214	156	73.1	155	72.5	1	0.8	57
30 to 50 percent disability rating	221	171	77.4	166	75.3	5	2.7	50
60 percent or higher disability rating	255	97	38.2	97	38.2	-	-	157
Disability rating not reported	65	54	-	47	-	7	-	11
Without service-connected disability	2,115	1,643	77.7	1,567	74.1	75	4.6	472
Presence of disability not reported	116	86	74.2	72	61.9	14	16.6	30
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total	6,776	1,013	15.0	938	13.8	75	7.4	5,763
With service-connected disability	1,622	232	14.3	223	13.7	9	3.8	1,390
Less than 30 percent disability rating	514	98	19.2	90	17.5	8	8.5	415
30 to 50 percent disability rating	288	45	15.8	45	15.6	0	-	243
60 percent or higher disability rating	648	71	11.0	71	11.0	-	-	577
Disability rating not reported	172	17	9.7	17	9.7	-	-	155
Without service-connected disability	4,989	771	15.5	705	14.1	66	8.6	4,218
Presence of disability not reported	165	10	6.4	10	6.1	0	-	154
Other service periods
Total	4,066	1,801	44.3	1,677	41.3	124	6.9	2,265
With service-connected disability	528	235	44.5	224	42.4	11	4.6	293
Less than 30 percent disability rating	204	111	54.4	107	52.4	4	3.7	93
30 to 50 percent disability rating	108	55	50.9	55	50.9	-	-	53
60 percent or higher disability rating	161	46	28.4	39	24.4	7	-	115
Disability rating not reported	54	23	-	23	-	-	-	32
Without service-connected disability	3,386	1,502	44.3	1,398	41.3	103	6.9	1,885
Presence of disability not reported	152	65	42.9	55	36.3	10	-	87
MEN VETERANS
Total	16,510	7,702	46.7	7,177	43.5	526	6.8	8,807
With service-connected disability	4,211	1,965	46.7	1,851	44.0	114	5.8	2,246
Less than 30 percent disability rating	1,158	583	50.4	552	47.6	31	5.4	575
30 to 50 percent disability rating	827	468	56.6	452	54.7	15	3.3	359
60 percent or higher disability rating	1,849	747	40.4	680	36.8	67	8.9	1,102
Disability rating not reported	377	167	44.2	167	44.2	-	-	210
Without service-connected disability	11,775	5,495	46.7	5,099	43.3	396	7.2	6,280
Presence of disability not reported	524	243	46.3	226	43.2	16	6.7	281
Gulf War era, total
Total	6,307	5,076	80.5	4,729	75.0	347	6.8	1,231
With service-connected disability	2,132	1,515	71.1	1,417	66.5	98	6.5	617
Less than 30 percent disability rating	448	376	84.0	357	79.8	19	5.0	72
30 to 50 percent disability rating	442	368	83.3	353	79.9	15	4.1	74
60 percent or higher disability rating	1,077	638	59.3	575	53.4	64	10.0	438
Disability rating not reported	165	132	80.0	132	80.0	-	-	33
Without service-connected disability	3,944	3,389	85.9	3,146	79.8	243	7.2	555
Presence of disability not reported	231	172	74.5	166	72.0	6	3.3	59
Gulf War era II
Total	3,846	3,236	84.1	2,948	76.6	289	8.9	610
With service-connected disability	1,548	1,151	74.4	1,055	68.2	96	8.3	397
Less than 30 percent disability rating	295	264	89.7	247	83.7	18	6.7	30
30 to 50 percent disability rating	291	252	86.4	237	81.4	14	5.7	40
60 percent or higher disability rating	849	550	64.8	486	57.2	64	11.6	299
Disability rating not reported	113	86	75.5	86	75.5	-	-	28
Without service-connected disability	2,160	1,976	91.5	1,784	82.6	193	9.8	184
Presence of disability not reported	138	109	79.0	109	79.0	0	0.0	29
Gulf War era I
Total	2,460	1,839	74.8	1,781	72.4	58	3.2	621
With service-connected disability	584	364	62.3	362	62.0	2	0.5	220
Less than 30 percent disability rating	153	112	73.1	111	72.3	1	1.2	41
30 to 50 percent disability rating	151	116	77.3	116	76.9	1	0.5	34
60 percent or higher disability rating	228	89	39.0	89	39.0	-	-	139
Disability rating not reported	52	47	-	47	-	-	-	5
Without service-connected disability	1,784	1,413	79.2	1,362	76.3	51	3.6	371
Presence of disability not reported	93	63	67.7	57	61.6	6	-	30
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total	6,539	1,000	15.3	929	14.2	72	7.2	5,539
With service-connected disability	1,594	228	14.3	220	13.8	9	3.8	1,366
Less than 30 percent disability rating	514	98	19.2	90	17.5	8	8.5	415
30 to 50 percent disability rating	282	45	16.1	45	16.0	0	-	236
60 percent or higher disability rating	639	71	11.1	71	11.1	-	-	568
Disability rating not reported	160	13	8.4	13	8.4	-	-	146
Without service-connected disability	4,791	767	16.0	704	14.7	62	8.1	4,024
Presence of disability not reported	154	6	3.6	5	3.3	0	-	148
Other service periods
Total	3,664	1,626	44.4	1,519	41.5	107	6.6	2,038
With service-connected disability	485	222	45.7	215	44.2	7	3.1	264
Less than 30 percent disability rating	197	109	55.2	105	53.1	4	3.8	88
30 to 50 percent disability rating	104	55	52.5	55	52.5	-	-	49
60 percent or higher disability rating	133	38	28.1	35	26.1	3	-	96
Disability rating not reported	51	21	-	21	-	-	-	30
Without service-connected disability	3,040	1,340	44.1	1,250	41.1	90	6.7	1,700
Presence of disability not reported	139	65	46.9	55	39.7	10	-	74
WOMEN VETERANS
Total	1,907	1,061	55.6	968	50.7	93	8.8	846
With service-connected disability	536	340	63.6	310	57.9	30	8.9	195
Less than 30 percent disability rating	131	110	83.9	109	82.8	1	1.3	21
30 to 50 percent disability rating	138	105	75.9	99	71.7	6	5.6	33
60 percent or higher disability rating	218	105	48.1	89	41.1	15	14.6	113
Disability rating not reported	48	21	-	13	-	8	-	28
Without service-connected disability	1,279	668	52.2	621	48.6	46	6.9	611
Presence of disability not reported	92	52	56.8	36	39.3	16	-	40
Gulf War era, total
Total	1,268	873	68.8	801	63.2	72	8.2	395
With service-connected disability	466	324	69.6	298	63.9	27	8.2	141
Without service-connected disability	734	501	68.3	472	64.3	29	5.8	233
Presence of disability not reported	69	48	-	31	-	16	-	21
Gulf War era II
Total	743	505	68.0	478	64.3	27	5.4	238
With service-connected disability	295	210	71.0	194	65.9	15	7.3	86
Without service-connected disability	403	271	67.3	267	66.2	5	1.7	132
Presence of disability not reported	45	24	-	17	-	7	-	21
Gulf War era I
Total	525	368	70.1	323	61.6	45	12.2	157
With service-connected disability	170	115	67.2	103	60.6	11	9.9	56
Without service-connected disability	331	230	69.5	205	62.0	25	10.8	101
Presence of disability not reported	23	23	-	15	-	9	-	0
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total	237	13	5.4	9	3.8	4	-	224
With service-connected disability	28	3	-	3	-	-	-	25
Without service-connected disability	198	5	2.3	1	0.4	4	-	194
Presence of disability not reported	11	5	-	5	-	-	-	6
Other service periods
Total	402	175	43.5	158	39.3	17	9.8	227
With service-connected disability	42	13	-	9	-	4	-	29
Without service-connected disability	347	162	46.7	149	42.9	13	8.2	185
Presence of disability not reported	13	0	-	0	-	0	-	13
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 8. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service, and class of worker, August 2020, not seasonally adjusted

Veteran status, presence of disability, and period of service	Total Employed (thousands)	Percent distribution by class of worker
		Total	Agriculture and related industries	Nonagricultural industries
				Total	Wage and salary workers(1)				Self- employed, unincorpo- rated, and unpaid family workers
					Private sector	Government
						Total	Federal	State and local
Veterans, total(2)	8,145	100.0	2.1	97.9	69.6	22.3	11.7	10.6	6.0
With service-connected disability	2,161	100.0	1.8	98.2	64.5	31.2	19.3	11.8	2.6
Without service-connected disability	5,721	100.0	2.2	97.8	71.4	19.1	9.0	10.1	7.3
Gulf War era, total(2)	5,530	100.0	0.6	99.4	70.2	25.6	14.1	11.5	3.6
With service-connected disability	1,714	100.0	0.5	99.5	64.0	34.6	21.8	12.8	0.9
Without service-connected disability	3,617	100.0	0.6	99.4	73.2	21.4	10.8	10.7	4.7
Gulf War era II(2)	3,426	100.0	0.6	99.4	69.1	26.9	14.1	12.8	3.5
With service-connected disability	1,249	100.0	0.6	99.4	63.8	34.6	23.0	11.5	1.0
Without service-connected disability	2,050	100.0	0.6	99.4	72.9	21.9	8.9	13.0	4.6
Gulf War era I(2)	2,104	100.0	0.6	99.4	72.0	23.6	14.3	9.3	3.8
With service-connected disability	465	100.0	0.4	99.6	64.3	34.7	18.4	16.3	0.6
Without service-connected disability	1,567	100.0	0.7	99.3	73.6	20.8	13.2	7.6	4.9
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era(2)	938	100.0	9.4	90.6	62.4	11.8	4.5	7.4	16.3
With service-connected disability	223	100.0	9.3	90.7	58.6	18.6	9.1	9.5	13.5
Without service-connected disability	705	100.0	9.6	90.4	63.2	9.7	2.9	6.8	17.5
Other service periods(2)	1,677	100.0	2.9	97.1	71.6	17.2	7.8	9.4	8.3
With service-connected disability	224	100.0	3.7	96.3	74.4	17.2	10.7	6.6	4.7
Without service-connected disability	1,398	100.0	2.7	97.3	70.8	17.9	7.6	10.2	8.7
Nonveterans	136,989	100.0	1.5	98.5	78.8	13.7	2.5	11.2	6.0
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War-era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2020, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and Reserve or National Guard status	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS
Gulf War era, total
Total	7,575	5,949	78.5	5,530	73.0	419	7.0	1,626
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard	2,682	2,166	80.8	2,041	76.1	125	5.8	516
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard	4,614	3,557	77.1	3,280	71.1	278	7.8	1,057
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported	279	226	81.0	210	75.2	16	7.1	53
Gulf War era II
Total	4,590	3,742	81.5	3,426	74.6	316	8.4	848
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard	1,651	1,419	86.0	1,328	80.5	91	6.4	231
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard	2,765	2,185	79.0	1,967	71.2	217	10.0	580
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported	174	137	79.0	130	74.8	7	5.4	36
Gulf War era I
Total	2,985	2,207	73.9	2,104	70.5	103	4.7	778
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard	1,031	746	72.4	712	69.1	34	4.5	285
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard	1,849	1,373	74.2	1,312	71.0	60	4.4	477
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported	105	88	84.3	80	76.0	9	9.8	16
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present) and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2020, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and location	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Number	Rate
Total, Gulf War-era II veterans	4,590	3,742	81.5	3,426	74.6	316	8.4	848
Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both(1)	1,853	1,493	80.6	1,406	75.9	87	5.8	360
Served in Iraq(2)	1,380	1,122	81.4	1,048	75.9	75	6.7	257
Served in Afghanistan(3)	980	791	80.7	748	76.3	43	5.4	189
Served in both locations(4)	507	420	82.9	389	76.8	31	7.3	87
Served elsewhere	2,737	2,249	82.2	2,020	73.8	229	10.2	488
(1) Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also includes veterans who served in both countries. (2) Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan. (3) Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq. (4) Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).