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Economic News Release
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Employment Situation of Veterans News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, March 19, 2020				USDL-20-0452

Technical information:	(202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov

(NOTE: Population controls used in the weighting of state data for veterans and
nonveterans in tables 6A and 6B of the Employment Situation of Veterans 2019 news
release were incorrect. All differences were minor and not statistically significant,
and have been corrected as of April 22, 2020.)


			    EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS -- 2019


The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at any
time since September 2001--a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans--was 3.5 percent in
2019, little changed from 2018, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The
jobless rate for all veterans declined in 2019 to 3.1 percent. In August 2019, 41 percent of
Gulf War-era II veterans had a service-connected disability, compared with 25 percent of all
veterans.

This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample
survey of about 60,000 eligible households that provides data on employment, unemployment,
and persons not in the labor force in the United States. Data about veterans are collected
monthly in the CPS; these monthly data are the source of the 2019 annual averages presented
in this news release. In August 2019, a supplement to the CPS collected additional
information about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability and veterans'
current or past Reserve or National Guard membership. Information from the supplement is
also presented in this news release. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department
of Veterans Affairs and the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training
Service. For more information, see the Technical Note in this news release.

Highlights from the 2019 data:

   --The unemployment rate for male veterans declined to 3.0 percent in 2019, and the rate
     for female veterans (3.7 percent) changed little over the year. The unemployment rate
     for male veterans was not statistically different from the rate for female veterans.
     (See table A.)

   --Among the 284,000 unemployed veterans in 2019, 56 percent were ages 25 to 54, 39
     percent were age 55 and over, and 5 percent were ages 18 to 24. (See table 2A.) 

   --Veterans with a service-connected disability had an unemployment rate of 4.8 percent in
     August 2019, not statistically different from the rate for veterans with no disability
     (3.7 percent). (See table 7.) 

   --Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a service-connected disability rating of less than
     30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60
     percent or higher (92.2 percent, compared with 61.2 percent in August 2019). (See 
     table 7.)

   --In August 2019, 31 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected disability
     worked in the public sector, compared with 17 percent of veterans with no disability and
     13 percent of nonveterans. (See table 8.)

   --In 2019, the unemployment rate of veterans varied across the country, ranging from 0.9 
     percent in Maryland to 6.1 percent in Montana. (See table 6A.)

The Veteran Population

In 2019, 18.8 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 8 percent of the
civilian noninstitutional population age 18 and over. Of all veterans, 1 in 10 were women. In
the survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served on active duty in
the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time these data were collected. Veterans
are much more likely to be men than are nonveterans, and they also tend to be older. In part,
this reflects the characteristics of veterans who served during World War II, the Korean War,
and the Vietnam era, all of whom are now over 60 years old. Veterans who served during these
wartime periods accounted for 38 percent (7.2 million) of the total veteran population in 2019.
Thirty-nine percent of veterans (7.4 million) served during Gulf War-era I (August 1990 to
August 2001) or Gulf War-era II (September 2001 to present). Twenty-two percent (4.2 million)
served outside the designated wartime periods. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

Gulf War-era II Veterans

In 2019, there were 4.3 million veterans who had served during Gulf War-era II (September 2001
to present). Seventeen percent of these veterans were women, compared with 3.5 percent of
veterans from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. About two-thirds of all Gulf
War-era II veterans were between the ages of 25 and 44. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for men (3.4 percent) was lower than the
rate for women (4.7 percent) in 2019. The unemployment rates for men and women were little
changed over the year. (See table A.)

In 2019, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans, at 3.4 percent, was little
different from the rate for male nonveterans, at 3.7 percent. Among men ages 25 to 34, Gulf 
War-era II veterans had a lower unemployment rate (3.1 percent) than did nonveterans (3.8
percent). Among men ages 35 to 44, however, Gulf War-era II veterans had a higher unemployment
rate (3.6 percent) than did nonveterans (2.5 percent). (See table 2B.)

The unemployment rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans was 4.7 percent in 2019, higher than
the rate for female nonveterans (3.5 percent). By age, unemployment rates for female Gulf 
War-era II veterans and nonveterans were not statistically different, with one exception:
35- to 44-year-old female Gulf War-era II veterans had a rate of 5.0 percent, higher than the
rate of 2.9 percent for their nonveteran counterparts. (See table 2C.)

Employed Gulf War-era II veterans were about twice as likely to work in the public sector in
2019 as employed nonveterans--25 percent and 13 percent, respectively. Among the employed, 15 
percent of Gulf War-era II veterans worked for the federal government, compared with 2 percent
of nonveterans. (See table 5.)

In August 2019, 42 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq, Afghanistan,
or both locations. These veterans had an unemployment rate of 4.5 percent, little different
from the rate for Gulf War-era II veterans who served elsewhere (4.8 percent). (See table 10.)

Gulf War-era I Veterans

In 2019, of the 3.1 million veterans who served during Gulf War-era I (August 1990 to August 2001),
the proportion who were women (16 percent) was similar to that of Gulf War-era II veterans (17 percent). 
All Gulf War-era I veterans were age 35 and over in 2019, compared with 57 percent of Gulf War-era II 
veterans. Nearly half of Gulf War-era I veterans were ages 45 to 54, 22 percent were ages 35 to 44, 
22 percent were ages 55 to 64, and 10 percent were age 65 and over. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

In 2019, the unemployment rates for male and female Gulf War-era I veterans were little 
different (2.7 percent and 2.0 percent, respectively). The rates for male and female Gulf
War-era I veterans were lower than those of their Gulf War-era II counterparts, at 3.4 percent
for male Gulf War-era II veterans and 4.7 percent for female Gulf War-era II veterans. The
difference in unemployment rates reflects, at least in part, the older age profile of veterans
who served during Gulf War-era I. Younger people--whether veterans or nonveterans--tend to
have higher unemployment rates than older people. (See tables 2B and 2C.)

Veterans of Other Service Periods 

In 2019, 4.2 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods,"
mainly between the Korean War and the Vietnam era and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War-era
I. All veterans from this period of service were age 45 and over at the time of the survey.
Thirteen percent of these veterans were ages 45 to 54 in 2019, 48 percent were ages 55 to 64,
and 39 percent were age 65 and over. (See table 2A.) 

In 2019, 1 in 10 veterans of other service periods were women. Among veterans of other service
periods, the unemployment rate for men (2.8 percent) was not statistically different from the
rate for women (3.9 percent). The rate for men declined over the year, while the rate for women
was little different. (See table 1.)

Veterans with a Service-connected Disability

In August 2019, 4.7 million veterans, or 25 percent of the total, had a service-connected
disability. Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating by
the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of Defense. Ratings range from
0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of the
condition. (See table 7.)

The unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability was 4.8 percent in
August 2019, not statistically different from the rate for veterans with no disability (3.7 
percent). The labor force participation rate for veterans with a service-connected disability
(47.5 percent) was also not statistically different from the rate for veterans with no 
disability (48.1 percent).

Among veterans with a service-connected disability, 26 percent reported a disability rating 
of less than 30 percent, while another 44 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. In 
August 2019, veterans with a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 percent were
much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher
(53.8 percent and 40.8 percent, respectively). The unemployment rate for veterans with a
disability rating of less than 30 percent was 3.0 percent, lower than the rate for those with
a disability rating of 60 percent or higher (8.6 percent).

Among veterans who served during Gulf War-era II, 41 percent (1.8 million) reported a 
service-connected disability in August 2019. In August 2019, 72.7 percent of all Gulf War-era
II veterans with a service-connected disability were in the labor force, lower than the 84.8
percent for veterans from this period with no service-connected disability. Among Gulf War-era
II veterans, the unemployment rate for those with a service-connected disability was 5.5 
percent, not statistically different from those with no disability (4.4 percent). 

Among Gulf War-era II veterans with a service-connected disability, 17 percent reported a 
disability rating of less than 30 percent and another 55 percent reported a disability rating
of 60 percent or higher in August 2019. Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a disability 
rating of less than 30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with 
a rating of 60 percent or higher (92.2 percent, compared with 61.2 percent). The unemployment
rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 percent was 2.3 percent in August
2019, much lower than the rate for those with a disability rating of 60 percent or higher
(9.4 percent).

In August 2019, 26 percent (768,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War-era I reported a
service-connected disability. Their labor force participation rate (62.6 percent) was lower
than the rate for veterans who did not have a disability (81.4 percent). The unemployment rate
for Gulf War-era I veterans with a service-connected disability (2.5 percent) was not
statistically different from that for Gulf War-era I veterans without a service-connected
disability (3.4 percent).

Fifteen percent (641,000) of veterans who served during other service periods reported a 
service-connected disability in August 2019. The labor force participation rate of these
veterans (38.2 percent) was lower than their counterparts without a service-connected 
disability (47.0 percent), while the unemployment rates were not statistically different for
veterans with a service-connected disability (5.1 percent) and those with no disability (3.6 
percent).

Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability worked in
the public sector. In August 2019, 31 percent of employed veterans with a disability worked in
federal, state, or local government, compared with 17 percent of veterans with no disability
and 13 percent of nonveterans. Twenty percent of employed veterans with a disability worked for
the federal government, compared with 8 percent of veterans with no disability and 2 percent of
nonveterans. (See table 8.)

Reserve and National Guard Membership 

In August 2019, one-third of Gulf War-era veterans (August 1990 to present) were current or 
past members of the Reserve or National Guard. The labor force participation rate was higher 
for veterans who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard (81.9 percent) 
than for veterans who were never members (76.6 percent). Among Gulf War-era veterans, those who
were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard had an unemployment rate (4.7
percent), not statistically different from that for those who had never been members (3.9
percent). (See table 9.)




Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, 2018-2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status and period of service 2018 2019
Total Men Women Total Men Women

TOTAL VETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population

19,201 17,335 1,866 18,822 16,938 1,884

Civilian labor force

9,453 8,320 1,133 9,270 8,169 1,101

Participation rate

49.2 48.0 60.7 49.2 48.2 58.4

Employed

9,127 8,027 1,099 8,986 7,926 1,060

Employment-population ratio

47.5 46.3 58.9 47.7 46.8 56.2

Unemployed

326 292 34 284 243 41

Unemployment rate

3.5 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.7

Not in labor force

9,748 9,015 732 9,552 8,769 784

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

4,149 3,444 704 4,328 3,602 726

Civilian labor force

3,358 2,853 505 3,468 2,974 495

Participation rate

80.9 82.8 71.7 80.1 82.6 68.1

Employed

3,229 2,742 487 3,345 2,874 471

Employment-population ratio

77.8 79.6 69.1 77.3 79.8 64.9

Unemployed

129 111 18 123 100 23

Unemployment rate

3.8 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.4 4.7

Not in labor force

791 592 200 860 628 232

NONVETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population

229,673 102,817 126,857 231,555 103,960 127,595

Civilian labor force

150,489 76,774 73,715 152,188 77,491 74,697

Participation rate

65.5 74.7 58.1 65.7 74.5 58.5

Employed

144,797 73,824 70,972 146,763 74,655 72,107

Employment-population ratio

63.0 71.8 55.9 63.4 71.8 56.5

Unemployed

5,693 2,950 2,743 5,425 2,835 2,590

Unemployment rate

3.8 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.5

Not in labor force

79,184 26,043 53,141 79,367 26,469 52,898

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Effective with data for November 2017, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from an updated Department of Veterans Affairs population model.


Technical Note

   The data in this release were collected through the Current Population Survey
(CPS). The CPS--a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by
the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics--obtains information
on employment and unemployment among the nation's civilian noninstitutional
population age 16 and over.

   Most of the data in this release are annual averages, compiled from the
results of the monthly survey. In August, a supplement to the CPS collected
additional information about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability,
veterans' Reserve or National Guard status, and veterans who served in Iraq and/or
Afghanistan. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans
Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training
Service. Questions were asked of persons 17 years of age and older regarding their
prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data are tabulated for persons 18 years of
age and older.

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals
upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Definitions

   The definitions underlying the data in this release are as follows:

   Veterans are men and women who previously served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time they were surveyed. Members of
the Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been
called  to active duty. Persons who are on active duty at the time of the survey
are outside the scope of the survey and thus not in the estimates shown here, as
are persons who reside in institutions, such as nursing homes and prisons.

   Nonveterans are men and women who never served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces.

   World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf War-era veterans are men and
women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during these periods of service,
regardless of where in the world they served. Veterans who served in more than
one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.

   Veterans of other service periods are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed
Forces at any time other than World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or
the Gulf War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged in several armed conflicts
during other service periods, these conflicts were more limited in scope and included
a smaller proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime periods. Veterans
who served during one of the selected wartime periods and during another period are
classified in the wartime period.

   Veteran status is obtained from responses to the question, "Did you ever serve
on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?"

   Period of service identifies when a veteran served in the Armed Forces, but 
not the location of their service. It is obtained from answers to the question 
asked of veterans, "When did you serve on active duty in the  U.S. Armed Forces?"

   The following service periods are identified:

      Gulf War era II -- September 2001-present
      Gulf War era I  -- August 1990-August 2001
      Vietnam era     -- August 1964-April 1975
      Korean War      -- July 1950-January 1955
      World War II    -- December 1941-December 1946
      Other service periods -- All other time periods

   Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service.
Veterans are counted only in one period of service, their most recent wartime period.
Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent
one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are
classified in the wartime period. The period-of-service definitions are modified
occasionally to reflect changes in law, regulations, and program needs of the survey
sponsors.

   Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are individuals who served in
Iraq at any time since March 2003, in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001,
or in both locations. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan is determined by answers to
two questions: "Did you serve in Iraq, off the coast of Iraq, or did you fly missions
over Iraq at any time since March 2003?" and "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or
did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time since October 2001?"

   Presence of service-connected disability is determined by answers to the question,
"Has the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) or Department of Defense (DoD) determined
that you have a service-connected disability, that is, a health condition or
impairment caused or made worse by any of your military service?"

   Service-connected disability rating is based on answers to the question, "What
is your current service-connected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to
100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings are determined by the
VA or DoD from a rating schedule published in the Code of Federal Regulations,
Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4--"Schedule for Rating
Disabilities." The rating schedule is "primarily a guide in the evaluation of 
disability resulting from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a result
of or incident to military service. The percentage ratings represent as far as can
practicably be determined the average impairment in earning capacity resulting from
such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in civil occupations." 
Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of
0 through 100 percent, with instructions for rating multiple disorders.

   Reserve and National Guard membership refers only to Gulf War-era veterans who are
current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard. Members of the Reserve and
National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been called to active duty.
These data do not refer to all persons who may have ever served in the Reserve or 
National Guard. Reserve or National Guard status is obtained from answers to two 
questions. Gulf War-era veterans were asked: "Was any of your active service the 
result of a call-up from the Reserve or National Guard?" If the answer was no, they
were  asked, "Have you ever been a member of the Reserve or National Guard?" A 'yes'
response to either question classified persons as "Current or past member of the 
Reserve or National Guard." A 'no' response to the latter question classified
persons as "Never a member of the Reserve or National Guard."

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that
the sample estimates will differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as
sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on
a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population
value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent
level of confidence.

   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur
for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, the
inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, the inability or
unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the
collection or processing of the data.

   Information about the reliability of national data from the CPS and estimating
standard errors is available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

   For a discussion of the reliability of state estimates from the CPS, such as those
in tables 6A and 6B of this release, see https://www.bls.gov/opub/geographic-profile/home.htm.

Comparability of estimates

   Effective with data for November 2017, estimates for veterans incorporate population 
controls derived from an updated Department of Veterans Affairs' population model. 
In accordance with usual practice, BLS did not revise estimates for previous years. 
Information about the updated veteran population model is available from the Department 
of Veterans Affairs at https://www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/Demographics/New_Vetpop_Model/Vetpop16_Overview.pdf.




Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, period of service,
sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of
population
Total Percent
of
labor force

TOTAL

Total, 18 years and over

250,377 161,458 64.5 155,749 62.2 5,709 3.5 88,919

Veterans

18,822 9,270 49.2 8,986 47.7 284 3.1 9,552

Gulf War era, total

7,399 5,808 78.5 5,624 76.0 183 3.2 1,591

Gulf War era II

4,328 3,468 80.1 3,345 77.3 123 3.5 860

Gulf War era I

3,070 2,339 76.2 2,279 74.2 60 2.6 731

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

7,213 1,479 20.5 1,437 19.9 42 2.8 5,735

Other service periods

4,210 1,983 47.1 1,925 45.7 59 3.0 2,227

Nonveterans

231,555 152,188 65.7 146,763 63.4 5,425 3.6 79,367

Men

Total, 18 years and over

120,898 85,660 70.9 82,582 68.3 3,078 3.6 35,238

Veterans

16,938 8,169 48.2 7,926 46.8 243 3.0 8,769

Gulf War era, total

6,170 4,968 80.5 4,815 78.0 153 3.1 1,202

Gulf War era II

3,602 2,974 82.6 2,874 79.8 100 3.4 628

Gulf War era I

2,568 1,994 77.6 1,941 75.6 53 2.7 574

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

6,964 1,425 20.5 1,386 19.9 39 2.7 5,539

Other service periods

3,803 1,776 46.7 1,726 45.4 51 2.8 2,027

Nonveterans

103,960 77,491 74.5 74,655 71.8 2,835 3.7 26,469

Women

Total, 18 years and over

129,479 75,798 58.5 73,167 56.5 2,631 3.5 53,681

Veterans

1,884 1,101 58.4 1,060 56.2 41 3.7 784

Gulf War era, total

1,228 840 68.4 810 65.9 30 3.6 389

Gulf War era II

726 495 68.1 471 64.9 23 4.7 232

Gulf War era I

502 345 68.7 338 67.4 7 2.0 157

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

249 54 21.6 51 20.4 3 5.4 195

Other service periods

407 207 50.9 199 49.0 8 3.9 200

Nonveterans

127,595 74,697 58.5 72,107 56.5 2,590 3.5 52,898

White

Total, 18 years and over

194,408 124,956 64.3 121,012 62.2 3,944 3.2 69,453

Veterans

15,580 7,466 47.9 7,260 46.6 206 2.8 8,114

Gulf War era, total

5,710 4,533 79.4 4,406 77.2 127 2.8 1,177

Gulf War era II

3,313 2,692 81.3 2,612 78.8 81 3.0 621

Gulf War era I

2,397 1,841 76.8 1,794 74.9 46 2.5 557

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

6,379 1,308 20.5 1,274 20.0 35 2.6 5,071

Other service periods

3,491 1,624 46.5 1,580 45.3 44 2.7 1,867

Nonveterans

178,828 117,490 65.7 113,752 63.6 3,738 3.2 61,338

Black or African American

Total, 18 years and over

31,764 20,431 64.3 19,232 60.5 1,199 5.9 11,333

Veterans

2,322 1,272 54.8 1,210 52.1 62 4.9 1,049

Gulf War era, total

1,173 882 75.2 837 71.3 45 5.1 291

Gulf War era II

677 512 75.7 477 70.5 35 6.8 165

Gulf War era I

495 369 74.6 359 72.5 10 2.8 126

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

586 103 17.6 97 16.6 6 5.7 483

Other service periods

563 287 51.0 276 49.0 11 3.9 276

Nonveterans

29,442 19,159 65.1 18,022 61.2 1,137 5.9 10,283

Asian

Total, 18 years and over

15,788 10,334 65.5 10,062 63.7 272 2.6 5,454

Veterans

333 193 57.8 186 55.8 7 3.6 140

Gulf War era, total

179 133 74.6 128 71.3 6 4.4 45

Gulf War era II

108 87 80.1 83 77.0 3 3.9 21

Gulf War era I

71 47 66.2 44 62.6 3 5.4 24

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

110 40 36.2 40 36.0 0 0.6 70

Other service periods

44 19 43.8 19 42.1 1 - 25

Nonveterans

15,455 10,142 65.6 9,876 63.9 266 2.6 5,313

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 18 years and over

41,326 28,600 69.2 27,425 66.4 1,176 4.1 12,726

Veterans

1,358 856 63.0 835 61.5 21 2.4 502

Gulf War era, total

812 655 80.6 636 78.3 19 2.9 158

Gulf War era II

540 440 81.4 426 78.8 14 3.2 100

Gulf War era I

272 215 79.0 210 77.3 5 2.2 57

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

311 79 25.4 78 25.1 1 1.2 232

Other service periods

235 122 52.0 121 51.6 1 0.8 113

Nonveterans

39,968 27,744 69.4 26,589 66.5 1,155 4.2 12,224

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Percent of
labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over

18,822 9,270 49.2 8,986 47.7 284 3.1 9,552

18 to 24 years

261 193 73.9 179 68.4 14 7.4 68

25 to 34 years

1,585 1,302 82.2 1,260 79.5 43 3.3 283

35 to 44 years

2,013 1,699 84.4 1,641 81.6 57 3.4 314

45 to 54 years

2,622 2,199 83.9 2,140 81.6 59 2.7 422

55 to 64 years

3,519 2,234 63.5 2,169 61.6 65 2.9 1,285

65 years and over

8,823 1,642 18.6 1,597 18.1 45 2.8 7,181

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over

7,399 5,808 78.5 5,624 76.0 183 3.2 1,591

18 to 24 years

261 193 73.9 179 68.4 14 7.4 68

25 to 34 years

1,585 1,302 82.2 1,260 79.5 43 3.3 283

35 to 44 years

2,013 1,699 84.4 1,641 81.6 57 3.4 314

45 to 54 years

2,092 1,763 84.3 1,717 82.1 46 2.6 329

55 to 64 years

1,058 749 70.8 728 68.9 21 2.8 309

65 years and over

391 102 26.1 100 25.5 2 2.1 289

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over

4,328 3,468 80.1 3,345 77.3 123 3.5 860

18 to 24 years

261 193 73.9 179 68.4 14 7.4 68

25 to 34 years

1,585 1,302 82.2 1,260 79.5 43 3.3 283

35 to 44 years

1,349 1,125 83.4 1,082 80.2 43 3.8 224

45 to 54 years

660 538 81.5 523 79.2 15 2.8 122

55 to 64 years

378 282 74.6 274 72.7 7 2.5 96

65 years and over

96 29 30.3 28 29.6 1 - 67

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over

3,070 2,339 76.2 2,279 74.2 60 2.6 731

35 to 44 years

664 574 86.5 560 84.3 14 2.5 90

45 to 54 years

1,432 1,225 85.5 1,194 83.4 31 2.5 207

55 to 64 years

680 467 68.7 454 66.7 14 2.9 213

65 years and over

295 73 24.7 71 24.2 2 2.2 222

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over

7,213 1,479 20.5 1,437 19.9 42 2.8 5,735

55 to 64 years

431 185 42.9 180 41.8 5 2.6 246

65 years and over

6,782 1,294 19.1 1,257 18.5 37 2.9 5,488

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over

4,210 1,983 47.1 1,925 45.7 59 3.0 2,227

45 to 54 years

530 437 82.5 424 80.0 13 3.0 93

55 to 64 years

2,031 1,300 64.0 1,261 62.1 39 3.0 730

65 years and over

1,650 246 14.9 240 14.6 6 2.5 1,404

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over

231,555 152,188 65.7 146,763 63.4 5,425 3.6 79,367

18 to 24 years

28,689 18,818 65.6 17,354 60.5 1,464 7.8 9,870

25 to 34 years

43,292 35,889 82.9 34,548 79.8 1,341 3.7 7,403

35 to 44 years

38,947 32,358 83.1 31,486 80.8 873 2.7 6,589

45 to 54 years

37,823 30,732 81.3 29,901 79.1 831 2.7 7,091

55 to 64 years

38,725 25,372 65.5 24,724 63.8 648 2.6 13,353

65 years and over

44,079 9,018 20.5 8,750 19.9 268 3.0 35,061

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Percent of
labor force

VETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over

16,938 8,169 48.2 7,926 46.8 243 3.0 8,769

18 to 24 years

203 161 79.3 150 73.7 11 7.1 42

25 to 34 years

1,281 1,098 85.7 1,064 83.1 34 3.1 183

35 to 44 years

1,636 1,418 86.7 1,372 83.9 47 3.3 217

45 to 54 years

2,253 1,925 85.5 1,873 83.1 52 2.7 328

55 to 64 years

3,088 1,987 64.3 1,930 62.5 57 2.9 1,102

65 years and over

8,477 1,580 18.6 1,538 18.1 42 2.7 6,897

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over

6,170 4,968 80.5 4,815 78.0 153 3.1 1,202

18 to 24 years

203 161 79.3 150 73.7 11 7.1 42

25 to 34 years

1,281 1,098 85.7 1,064 83.1 34 3.1 183

35 to 44 years

1,636 1,418 86.7 1,372 83.9 47 3.3 217

45 to 54 years

1,798 1,541 85.7 1,501 83.5 41 2.6 257

55 to 64 years

902 656 72.6 637 70.5 19 2.9 247

65 years and over

350 94 26.9 92 26.3 2 2.3 256

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over

3,602 2,974 82.6 2,874 79.8 100 3.4 628

18 to 24 years

203 161 79.3 150 73.7 11 7.1 42

25 to 34 years

1,281 1,098 85.7 1,064 83.1 34 3.1 183

35 to 44 years

1,108 950 85.7 916 82.6 34 3.6 158

45 to 54 years

584 482 82.5 468 80.0 14 3.0 102

55 to 64 years

340 257 75.6 251 74.0 5 2.1 83

65 years and over

85 26 29.9 25 29.2 1 - 60

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over

2,568 1,994 77.6 1,941 75.6 53 2.7 574

35 to 44 years

527 468 88.8 456 86.4 12 2.6 59

45 to 54 years

1,214 1,059 87.2 1,033 85.1 26 2.5 155

55 to 64 years

563 399 70.9 385 68.5 14 3.4 164

65 years and over

265 69 25.9 67 25.3 2 2.3 196

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over

6,964 1,425 20.5 1,386 19.9 39 2.7 5,539

55 to 64 years

397 169 42.5 165 41.7 3 2.0 228

65 years and over

6,568 1,256 19.1 1,221 18.6 35 2.8 5,311

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over

3,803 1,776 46.7 1,726 45.4 51 2.8 2,027

45 to 54 years

455 384 84.4 373 81.9 11 3.0 71

55 to 64 years

1,789 1,163 65.0 1,128 63.0 35 3.0 627

65 years and over

1,559 229 14.7 225 14.4 4 1.9 1,330

NONVETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over

103,960 77,491 74.5 74,655 71.8 2,835 3.7 26,469

18 to 24 years

14,317 9,552 66.7 8,702 60.8 850 8.9 4,765

25 to 34 years

21,105 18,850 89.3 18,143 86.0 707 3.8 2,255

35 to 44 years

18,508 16,878 91.2 16,450 88.9 428 2.5 1,630

45 to 54 years

17,521 15,362 87.7 14,943 85.3 419 2.7 2,159

55 to 64 years

17,249 12,563 72.8 12,257 71.1 306 2.4 4,686

65 years and over

15,260 4,286 28.1 4,161 27.3 125 2.9 10,974

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Percent of
labor force

VETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over

1,884 1,101 58.4 1,060 56.2 41 3.7 784

18 to 24 years

58 32 55.0 29 50.0 3 - 26

25 to 34 years

303 204 67.3 195 64.3 9 4.4 99

35 to 44 years

377 281 74.4 270 71.5 11 3.9 97

45 to 54 years

369 274 74.4 267 72.5 7 2.6 94

55 to 64 years

431 247 57.4 239 55.5 8 3.2 184

65 years and over

346 63 18.1 59 17.1 3 5.3 284

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over

1,228 840 68.4 810 65.9 30 3.6 389

18 to 24 years

58 32 55.0 29 50.0 3 - 26

25 to 34 years

303 204 67.3 195 64.3 9 4.4 99

35 to 44 years

377 281 74.4 270 71.5 11 3.9 97

45 to 54 years

294 222 75.4 216 73.5 5 2.4 72

55 to 64 years

155 93 60.2 92 59.0 2 2.0 62

65 years and over

41 8 - 8 - 0 - 33

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over

726 495 68.1 471 64.9 23 4.7 232

18 to 24 years

58 32 55.0 29 50.0 3 - 26

25 to 34 years

303 204 67.3 195 64.3 9 4.4 99

35 to 44 years

240 174 72.5 165 68.9 9 5.0 66

45 to 54 years

76 56 73.5 55 72.4 1 1.4 20

55 to 64 years

38 25 65.6 23 60.9 2 - 13

65 years and over

11 4 - 4 - 0 - 7

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over

502 345 68.7 338 67.4 7 2.0 157

35 to 44 years

137 106 77.7 104 76.1 2 2.0 31

45 to 54 years

218 166 76.1 161 73.9 5 2.8 52

55 to 64 years

117 69 58.5 69 58.4 0 0.2 49

65 years and over

30 4 - 4 - 0 - 26

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over

249 54 21.6 51 20.4 3 5.4 195

55 to 64 years

34 16 - 14 - 1 - 18

65 years and over

215 38 17.6 36 16.9 1 3.9 177

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over

407 207 50.9 199 49.0 8 3.9 200

45 to 54 years

75 53 70.5 51 68.3 2 3.1 22

55 to 64 years

241 138 57.0 133 55.1 5 3.3 104

65 years and over

91 17 18.7 15 16.7 2 - 74

NONVETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over

127,595 74,697 58.5 72,107 56.5 2,590 3.5 52,898

18 to 24 years

14,372 9,267 64.5 8,652 60.2 614 6.6 5,105

25 to 34 years

22,187 17,039 76.8 16,405 73.9 634 3.7 5,148

35 to 44 years

20,439 15,480 75.7 15,036 73.6 445 2.9 4,959

45 to 54 years

20,302 15,370 75.7 14,958 73.7 412 2.7 4,932

55 to 64 years

21,476 12,809 59.6 12,467 58.1 342 2.7 8,667

65 years and over

28,819 4,732 16.4 4,589 15.9 143 3.0 24,087

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational attainment, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status,
period of service, and educational attainment
Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of
population
Total Percent
of
labor force

VETERANS

Total, 25 years and over

18,561 9,077 48.9 8,807 47.5 269 3.0 9,484

Less than a high school diploma

738 176 23.9 171 23.1 6 3.2 562

High school graduates, no college

5,247 2,265 43.2 2,199 41.9 65 2.9 2,982

Some college or associate degree

6,446 3,280 50.9 3,172 49.2 108 3.3 3,166

Bachelor's degree and higher

6,130 3,356 54.8 3,266 53.3 91 2.7 2,773

Gulf War era, total

Total, 25 years and over

7,138 5,615 78.7 5,446 76.3 169 3.0 1,523

Less than a high school diploma

75 46 61.3 44 57.9 3 5.5 29

High school graduates, no college

1,625 1,253 77.2 1,216 74.8 38 3.0 371

Some college or associate degree

2,767 2,125 76.8 2,055 74.3 70 3.3 642

Bachelor's degree and higher

2,670 2,190 82.0 2,131 79.8 59 2.7 480

Gulf War era II

Total, 25 years and over

4,067 3,275 80.5 3,167 77.9 109 3.3 792

Less than a high school diploma

39 26 66.6 24 61.4 2 - 13

High school graduates, no college

939 746 79.4 722 76.9 23 3.1 193

Some college or associate degree

1,586 1,228 77.4 1,183 74.6 45 3.7 359

Bachelor's degree and higher

1,502 1,276 84.9 1,238 82.4 38 3.0 226

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over

3,070 2,339 76.2 2,279 74.2 60 2.6 731

Less than a high school diploma

36 20 55.5 20 54.1 0 - 16

High school graduates, no college

686 508 74.1 494 72.0 14 2.8 178

Some college or associate degree

1,181 897 76.0 872 73.9 25 2.8 283

Bachelor's degree and higher

1,168 914 78.3 894 76.5 20 2.2 254

WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 25 years and over

7,213 1,479 20.5 1,437 19.9 42 2.8 5,735

Less than a high school diploma

434 65 14.9 63 14.5 2 3.0 369

High school graduates, no college

2,166 369 17.0 359 16.6 10 2.6 1,797

Some college or associate degree

2,300 476 20.7 459 20.0 16 3.4 1,825

Bachelor's degree and higher

2,313 569 24.6 555 24.0 14 2.4 1,744

Other service periods

Total, 25 years and over

4,210 1,983 47.1 1,925 45.7 59 3.0 2,227

Less than a high school diploma

229 65 28.5 64 28.0 1 1.6 164

High school graduates, no college

1,456 642 44.1 624 42.9 18 2.8 814

Some college or associate degree

1,378 679 49.3 658 47.7 22 3.2 699

Bachelor's degree and higher

1,146 597 52.1 579 50.5 18 3.1 549

NONVETERANS

Total, 25 years and over

202,866 133,370 65.7 129,409 63.8 3,961 3.0 69,496

Less than a high school diploma

20,809 9,729 46.8 9,204 44.2 525 5.4 11,079

High school graduates, no college

57,116 33,841 59.2 32,586 57.1 1,256 3.7 23,275

Some college or associate degree

51,207 34,257 66.9 33,223 64.9 1,034 3.0 16,950

Bachelor's degree and higher

73,733 55,542 75.3 54,396 73.8 1,146 2.1 18,192

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2019 annual averages [Percent distribution]
Occupation and sex Veterans Non-
veterans
Total Gulf War era WW II,
Korean
War, and
Vietnam
era
Other
service
periods
Total Gulf War
era II
Gulf War
era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)

8,986 5,624 3,345 2,279 1,437 1,925 146,763

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations

40.4 40.5 38.1 43.9 43.7 37.7 41.2

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

19.5 18.4 17.5 19.7 25.3 18.4 17.2

Professional and related occupations

20.9 22.1 20.6 24.3 18.5 19.2 24.0

Service occupations

13.9 14.7 16.5 12.1 12.0 12.8 16.9

Sales and office occupations

15.6 15.6 16.0 15.0 16.4 15.2 21.4

Sales and related occupations

7.8 7.1 6.9 7.5 10.5 7.9 9.8

Office and administrative support occupations

7.8 8.4 9.1 7.5 5.9 7.3 11.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

13.1 13.3 13.4 13.2 11.0 13.8 8.9

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.7

Construction and extraction occupations

5.9 5.5 5.4 5.6 6.0 7.3 5.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

6.6 7.4 7.5 7.1 4.3 6.0 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

17.1 15.9 16.0 15.9 16.9 20.5 11.6

Production occupations

6.7 6.9 6.9 6.8 4.1 8.3 5.4

Transportation and material moving occupations

10.3 9.0 9.0 9.1 12.8 12.2 6.2

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)

7,926 4,815 2,874 1,941 1,386 1,726 74,655

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations

38.9 38.5 36.1 42.1 43.3 36.5 37.3

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

19.6 18.3 17.5 19.5 25.4 18.4 18.1

Professional and related occupations

19.3 20.2 18.6 22.6 17.9 18.1 19.2

Service occupations

13.7 14.6 16.6 11.7 11.6 12.7 13.3

Sales and office occupations

14.3 14.1 14.6 13.3 16.5 13.3 15.8

Sales and related occupations

7.8 7.1 6.9 7.3 10.8 7.5 9.6

Office and administrative support occupations

6.5 7.0 7.7 6.1 5.6 5.9 6.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

14.6 15.2 15.3 15.2 11.4 15.3 16.5

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.1

Construction and extraction occupations

6.7 6.3 6.2 6.5 6.2 8.0 10.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

7.4 8.4 8.6 8.2 4.5 6.7 5.5

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

18.5 17.6 17.4 17.8 17.2 22.1 17.1

Production occupations

7.3 7.6 7.7 7.5 4.1 8.8 7.4

Transportation and material moving occupations

11.2 9.9 9.7 10.3 13.0 13.3 9.7

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)

1,060 810 471 338 51 199 72,107

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations

51.2 52.0 50.1 54.7 54.3 47.5 45.3

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

18.9 18.9 17.5 20.9 21.4 18.4 16.2

Professional and related occupations

32.3 33.1 32.6 33.8 33.0 29.0 29.1

Service occupations

15.4 15.6 16.4 14.4 20.9 13.4 20.7

Sales and office occupations

25.3 24.4 24.4 24.3 14.7 31.5 27.2

Sales and related occupations

8.1 7.6 6.9 8.7 1.9 11.4 10.1

Office and administrative support occupations

17.2 16.8 17.6 15.7 12.7 20.1 17.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

1.7 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.1 1.3 1.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.4

Construction and extraction occupations

0.7 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.2 0.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

0.9 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

6.3 6.2 7.1 4.8 8.9 6.3 5.8

Production occupations

2.7 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.7 3.7 3.3

Transportation and material moving occupations

3.7 3.7 4.9 2.2 6.2 2.7 2.5

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.


Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2019 annual averages [Percent distribution]
Industry, class of worker, and sex Veterans Non-
veterans
Total Gulf War era WW II,
Korean
War, and
Vietnam
era
Other
service
periods
Total Gulf War
era II
Gulf War
era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)(1)

8,986 5,624 3,345 2,279 1,437 1,925 146,763

As a percent of total employed

Total employed(1)

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries

1.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 5.3 1.6 1.5

Wage and salary workers(2)

0.9 0.7 0.8 0.5 1.9 0.8 1.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

0.9 0.2 0.1 0.3 3.4 0.9 0.4

Nonagricultural industries

98.2 99.1 99.1 99.2 94.7 98.4 98.5

Wage and salary workers(2)

92.6 95.8 96.0 95.4 82.7 90.8 92.9

Private industries

71.1 70.9 70.6 71.3 69.9 72.8 79.8

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

0.7 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.5

Construction

6.6 6.3 6.5 6.1 6.4 7.4 5.9

Manufacturing

12.0 12.3 12.3 12.3 8.9 13.5 9.7

Wholesale trade

2.4 2.5 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.2

Retail trade

7.9 7.2 6.9 7.5 10.4 8.2 9.8

Transportation and utilities

7.5 7.4 7.4 7.3 6.7 8.5 4.4

Information

1.6 1.8 1.5 2.3 1.6 1.0 1.6

Financial activities

4.9 4.6 4.3 5.0 6.2 5.0 6.4

Professional and business services

11.8 12.5 12.7 12.2 11.6 9.9 10.9

Education and health services

8.5 8.7 8.4 9.0 6.6 9.3 15.9

Leisure and hospitality

4.1 4.1 4.9 3.1 4.6 3.8 8.3

Other services

3.1 2.8 2.8 2.8 4.0 3.4 4.2

Government

21.5 24.9 25.4 24.1 12.9 18.1 13.0

Federal

10.8 13.7 14.8 12.1 3.4 7.6 2.0

State

4.4 4.7 4.5 5.1 3.4 4.1 4.4

Local

6.3 6.4 6.1 6.9 6.1 6.3 6.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

5.6 3.3 3.0 3.8 11.8 7.5 5.6

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)(1)

7,926 4,815 2,874 1,941 1,386 1,726 74,655

As a percent of total employed

Total employed(1)

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries

1.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 5.5 1.8 2.1

Wage and salary workers(2)

1.0 0.7 0.9 0.6 2.0 0.8 1.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

0.9 0.2 0.2 0.3 3.5 1.0 0.6

Nonagricultural industries

98.1 99.1 99.0 99.2 94.5 98.2 97.9

Wage and salary workers(2)

92.3 95.6 95.9 95.3 82.5 90.8 91.5

Private industries

72.0 71.9 71.4 72.6 70.1 73.7 81.6

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

0.8 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.7

Construction

7.2 7.1 7.2 6.8 6.6 8.1 10.2

Manufacturing

12.9 13.5 13.4 13.5 9.0 14.4 13.1

Wholesale trade

2.5 2.7 2.5 3.1 2.4 2.2 3.0

Retail trade

7.9 7.0 6.9 7.3 10.5 8.2 9.8

Transportation and utilities

8.2 8.2 8.2 8.3 6.9 9.3 6.4

Information

1.7 1.9 1.6 2.4 1.6 1.0 1.8

Financial activities

4.6 4.1 4.1 4.2 6.2 4.8 5.7

Professional and business services

12.1 12.9 13.2 12.6 11.7 10.1 12.2

Education and health services

6.8 6.7 6.1 7.6 6.1 7.8 7.0

Leisure and hospitality

4.1 4.0 4.7 3.0 4.6 3.8 7.8

Other services

3.2 2.8 2.8 2.7 4.1 3.4 3.7

Government

20.3 23.8 24.5 22.7 12.3 17.1 9.9

Federal

10.1 13.2 14.3 11.7 3.3 7.0 1.8

State

4.1 4.4 4.4 4.3 3.2 4.0 3.2

Local

6.1 6.1 5.8 6.6 5.8 6.1 4.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

5.8 3.4 3.1 3.9 11.9 7.5 6.4

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)(1)

1,060 810 471 338 51 199 72,107

As a percent of total employed

Total employed(1)

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.9

Wage and salary workers(2)

0.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

0.2 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.3

Nonagricultural industries

99.5 99.5 99.5 99.4 99.3 99.5 99.1

Wage and salary workers(2)

95.3 96.6 97.0 96.0 89.4 91.6 94.3

Private industries

64.9 65.1 66.1 63.8 62.4 64.8 78.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

Construction

1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 1.7 1.4

Manufacturing

5.6 5.3 5.3 5.4 7.1 6.3 6.1

Wholesale trade

1.0 1.2 1.4 0.8 0.0 0.7 1.3

Retail trade

8.0 8.1 7.4 9.1 7.0 7.7 9.9

Transportation and utilities

2.1 2.2 2.6 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.3

Information

1.3 1.4 1.2 1.6 2.4 0.7 1.3

Financial activities

7.0 7.1 5.2 9.7 4.0 7.2 7.1

Professional and business services

9.5 9.8 9.9 9.6 9.0 8.3 9.6

Education and health services

21.1 20.6 22.9 17.3 22.6 22.9 25.1

Leisure and hospitality

4.7 4.8 5.7 3.5 5.6 4.3 8.9

Other services

2.7 2.7 2.3 3.2 3.0 2.9 4.7

Government

30.4 31.4 30.9 32.2 27.0 26.8 16.3

Federal

15.4 16.7 18.2 14.6 6.1 12.6 2.1

State

6.6 6.8 4.8 9.5 7.2 5.6 5.7

Local

8.3 7.9 7.9 8.0 13.7 8.6 8.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

4.2 2.9 2.5 3.4 10.0 7.9 4.8

Footnotes
(1) Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.
(2) Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.


Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
State Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of
population
Total Percent
of
labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over

18,822 9,270 49.2 8,986 47.7 284 3.1 9,552

Alabama

324 171 52.8 168 51.8 3 1.9 153

Alaska

61 35 57.1 34 55.0 1 3.6 26

Arizona

476 242 50.9 230 48.4 12 4.9 234

Arkansas

207 93 44.7 91 43.8 2 2.0 114

California

1,588 726 45.7 699 44.0 27 3.7 862

Colorado

334 169 50.7 164 49.2 5 3.0 164

Connecticut

169 81 48.2 79 46.6 3 3.3 87

Delaware

76 37 48.4 36 47.0 1 2.9 39

District of Columbia

26 11 44.9 11 42.8 1 4.7 14

Florida

1,367 616 45.0 598 43.8 17 2.8 752

Georgia

693 375 54.1 365 52.7 10 2.5 318

Hawaii

103 46 44.6 44 42.6 2 4.6 57

Idaho

119 54 45.7 53 44.9 1 1.7 65

Illinois

590 272 46.1 265 44.8 8 2.9 318

Indiana

408 209 51.3 206 50.4 4 1.8 199

Iowa

204 106 52.1 102 50.0 4 3.9 98

Kansas

167 85 51.1 84 50.5 1 1.2 82

Kentucky

268 112 41.9 108 40.2 5 4.0 156

Louisiana

266 118 44.5 115 43.1 4 3.2 148

Maine

110 51 46.2 49 44.8 2 3.2 59

Maryland

406 251 61.9 249 61.3 2 0.9 155

Massachusetts

293 135 46.1 128 43.8 7 5.1 158

Michigan

557 249 44.6 244 43.8 4 1.8 309

Minnesota

295 139 47.3 132 44.9 7 4.9 155

Mississippi

178 86 48.1 82 45.8 4 4.8 92

Missouri

396 170 43.1 167 42.3 3 1.8 225

Montana

93 45 48.2 42 45.3 3 6.1 48

Nebraska

126 69 54.7 67 53.4 2 2.2 57

Nevada

235 121 51.4 118 50.3 2 2.0 114

New Hampshire

88 46 51.7 45 50.9 1 1.5 43

New Jersey

311 125 40.1 122 39.2 3 2.3 186

New Mexico

165 79 48.3 77 46.8 2 3.0 85

New York

755 332 44.0 318 42.2 13 4.0 423

North Carolina

686 361 52.6 344 50.2 16 4.6 326

North Dakota

48 25 52.8 25 52.1 0 1.2 23

Ohio

735 362 49.2 351 47.7 11 3.0 374

Oklahoma

285 134 47.0 130 45.8 4 2.6 151

Oregon

294 129 43.9 126 43.0 3 2.2 165

Pennsylvania

813 358 44.0 339 41.7 18 5.1 456

Rhode Island

55 24 43.3 23 42.1 1 2.8 31

South Carolina

394 201 50.9 197 50.0 4 1.8 193

South Dakota

61 35 57.0 34 55.4 1 2.9 26

Tennessee

457 231 50.5 225 49.2 6 2.6 226

Texas

1,579 882 55.8 853 54.0 28 3.2 697

Utah

133 65 48.6 64 48.0 1 1.2 68

Vermont

39 18 45.4 17 44.2 0 2.6 21

Virginia

718 447 62.2 439 61.1 8 1.7 272

Washington

515 275 53.4 263 51.1 12 4.3 240

West Virginia

129 57 44.3 55 42.9 2 3.2 72

Wisconsin

380 186 49.0 182 48.0 4 2.0 194

Wyoming

47 26 53.9 25 51.8 1 4.0 22

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.


Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
State Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of
population
Total Percent
of
labor force

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over

231,555 152,188 65.7 146,763 63.4 5,425 3.6 79,367

Alabama

3,421 2,074 60.6 2,013 58.9 61 2.9 1,347

Alaska

470 309 65.7 290 61.6 19 6.2 161

Arizona

5,038 3,250 64.5 3,101 61.6 148 4.6 1,789

Arkansas

2,065 1,267 61.4 1,222 59.2 45 3.6 797

California

28,575 18,516 64.8 17,778 62.2 738 4.0 10,059

Colorado

4,080 2,939 72.0 2,866 70.3 72 2.5 1,141

Connecticut

2,620 1,802 68.8 1,740 66.4 62 3.4 818

Delaware

684 447 65.4 429 62.8 18 4.0 237

District of Columbia

541 398 73.7 376 69.5 22 5.6 142

Florida

15,625 9,652 61.8 9,357 59.9 295 3.1 5,974

Georgia

7,226 4,668 64.6 4,509 62.4 159 3.4 2,558

Hawaii

952 608 63.9 592 62.2 16 2.6 344

Idaho

1,201 813 67.7 789 65.7 23 2.9 388

Illinois

9,043 6,073 67.2 5,844 64.6 229 3.8 2,970

Indiana

4,648 3,115 67.0 3,012 64.8 103 3.3 1,533

Iowa

2,191 1,616 73.8 1,574 71.8 42 2.6 575

Kansas

1,972 1,367 69.3 1,324 67.1 43 3.1 606

Kentucky

3,124 1,927 61.7 1,846 59.1 81 4.2 1,196

Louisiana

3,168 1,957 61.8 1,867 58.9 90 4.6 1,211

Maine

967 624 64.5 606 62.7 18 2.8 343

Maryland

4,238 3,031 71.5 2,920 68.9 111 3.7 1,207

Massachusetts

5,185 3,644 70.3 3,545 68.4 99 2.7 1,541

Michigan

7,165 4,618 64.5 4,437 61.9 181 3.9 2,547

Minnesota

3,964 2,886 72.8 2,798 70.6 88 3.0 1,078

Mississippi

2,028 1,178 58.1 1,116 55.0 62 5.3 849

Missouri

4,268 2,864 67.1 2,775 65.0 89 3.1 1,405

Montana

734 484 66.0 469 63.9 15 3.2 250

Nebraska

1,296 952 73.4 923 71.2 29 3.0 344

Nevada

2,126 1,432 67.4 1,375 64.7 57 4.0 694

New Hampshire

999 716 71.7 699 70.0 17 2.4 283

New Jersey

6,531 4,350 66.6 4,198 64.3 152 3.5 2,181

New Mexico

1,431 870 60.8 827 57.8 43 4.9 560

New York

14,416 9,049 62.8 8,698 60.3 351 3.9 5,367

North Carolina

7,300 4,685 64.2 4,508 61.8 177 3.8 2,615

North Dakota

517 374 72.4 365 70.6 9 2.4 143

Ohio

8,214 5,400 65.7 5,194 63.2 206 3.8 2,814

Oklahoma

2,613 1,677 64.2 1,620 62.0 57 3.4 937

Oregon

3,012 1,948 64.7 1,875 62.2 73 3.7 1,064

Pennsylvania

9,150 6,041 66.0 5,799 63.4 243 4.0 3,109

Rhode Island

775 521 67.2 503 65.0 18 3.4 254

South Carolina

3,538 2,179 61.6 2,115 59.8 64 2.9 1,359

South Dakota

594 427 71.9 413 69.6 14 3.2 167

Tennessee

4,776 3,097 64.9 2,996 62.7 102 3.3 1,679

Texas

19,618 13,074 66.6 12,631 64.4 444 3.4 6,544

Utah

2,114 1,502 71.0 1,465 69.3 36 2.4 612

Vermont

464 320 68.8 312 67.3 7 2.2 145

Virginia

5,802 3,975 68.5 3,865 66.6 110 2.8 1,826

Washington

5,331 3,653 68.5 3,503 65.7 151 4.1 1,678

West Virginia

1,274 736 57.8 701 55.0 35 4.8 538

Wisconsin

4,084 2,821 69.1 2,727 66.8 94 3.3 1,263

Wyoming

387 261 67.6 253 65.4 9 3.4 125

NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.


Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex, August 2019, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Presence of disability, reported disability rating,
period of service, and sex
Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in labor
force
Total Percent of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Percent of
labor force

TOTAL
VETERANS

Total

18,776 9,017 48.0 8,664 46.1 353 3.9 9,759

With service-connected disability

4,742 2,252 47.5 2,144 45.2 109 4.8 2,489

Less than 30 percent disability rating

1,241 667 53.8 647 52.2 20 3.0 573

30 to 50 percent disability rating

1,029 590 57.3 580 56.3 11 1.8 439

60 percent or higher disability rating

2,092 853 40.8 780 37.3 73 8.6 1,239

Disability rating not reported

380 142 37.4 137 36.2 5 3.3 238

Without service-connected disability

13,530 6,503 48.1 6,260 46.3 243 3.7 7,027

Presence of disability not reported

505 262 51.9 261 51.7 1 0.3 243

Gulf War era, total

Total

7,419 5,832 78.6 5,596 75.4 236 4.1 1,587

With service-connected disability

2,559 1,782 69.6 1,698 66.4 84 4.7 777

Less than 30 percent disability rating

524 432 82.4 420 80.0 12 2.8 93

30 to 50 percent disability rating

634 496 78.3 491 77.4 6 1.2 137

60 percent or higher disability rating

1,243 741 59.6 678 54.6 63 8.5 502

Disability rating not reported

159 113 71.3 110 69.4 3 2.6 46

Without service-connected disability

4,614 3,841 83.2 3,688 79.9 153 4.0 773

Presence of disability not reported

246 210 85.2 210 85.2 0 0.0 36

Gulf War era II

Total

4,411 3,520 79.8 3,356 76.1 164 4.7 891

With service-connected disability

1,792 1,302 72.7 1,230 68.7 72 5.5 490

Less than 30 percent disability rating

304 280 92.2 273 90.1 6 2.3 24

30 to 50 percent disability rating

407 344 84.7 339 83.3 6 1.7 62

60 percent or higher disability rating

986 604 61.2 547 55.5 57 9.4 382

Disability rating not reported

95 73 77.1 71 73.9 3 - 22

Without service-connected disability

2,464 2,090 84.8 1,998 81.1 92 4.4 373

Presence of disability not reported

155 128 82.0 128 82.0 0 0.0 28

Gulf War era I

Total

3,008 2,313 76.9 2,240 74.5 72 3.1 695

With service-connected disability

768 480 62.6 468 61.0 12 2.5 287

Less than 30 percent disability rating

221 152 68.8 146 66.2 6 3.7 69

30 to 50 percent disability rating

227 152 66.9 152 66.9 - - 75

60 percent or higher disability rating

257 137 53.4 131 50.9 6 4.7 120

Disability rating not reported

63 40 - 40 - - - 24

Without service-connected disability

2,150 1,750 81.4 1,690 78.6 60 3.4 400

Presence of disability not reported

91 82 90.7 82 90.7 0 0.0 8

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total

7,162 1,269 17.7 1,225 17.1 44 3.5 5,893

With service-connected disability

1,541 226 14.6 213 13.8 13 5.6 1,315

Less than 30 percent disability rating

451 87 19.2 85 18.8 2 2.2 365

30 to 50 percent disability rating

273 43 15.7 43 15.7 - - 230

60 percent or higher disability rating

660 71 10.8 62 9.4 9 - 589

Disability rating not reported

157 25 15.8 23 14.7 2 - 132

Without service-connected disability

5,458 1,037 19.0 1,006 18.4 31 3.0 4,420

Presence of disability not reported

164 7 4.0 7 4.0 0 - 157

Other service periods

Total

4,195 1,916 45.7 1,843 43.9 72 3.8 2,279

With service-connected disability

641 245 38.2 232 36.2 12 5.1 396

Less than 30 percent disability rating

265 149 56.2 143 53.8 6 4.2 116

30 to 50 percent disability rating

122 51 41.6 46 37.6 5 - 71

60 percent or higher disability rating

189 41 21.5 39 20.8 1 - 149

Disability rating not reported

64 4 - 4 - - - 60

Without service-connected disability

3,459 1,625 47.0 1,566 45.3 59 3.6 1,833

Presence of disability not reported

95 45 47.8 45 47.1 1 - 50

MEN
VETERANS

Total

16,890 7,969 47.2 7,660 45.4 309 3.9 8,921

With service-connected disability

4,181 1,996 47.7 1,894 45.3 102 5.1 2,185

Less than 30 percent disability rating

1,151 609 52.9 589 51.2 20 3.3 542

30 to 50 percent disability rating

894 505 56.5 495 55.4 10 2.0 389

60 percent or higher disability rating

1,791 741 41.4 674 37.6 67 9.0 1,050

Disability rating not reported

345 141 40.9 136 39.5 5 3.3 204

Without service-connected disability

12,250 5,742 46.9 5,535 45.2 207 3.6 6,508

Presence of disability not reported

459 231 50.3 230 50.2 1 0.3 228

Gulf War era, total

Total

6,186 5,046 81.6 4,841 78.3 205 4.1 1,140

With service-connected disability

2,103 1,549 73.6 1,471 69.9 78 5.0 555

Less than 30 percent disability rating

452 384 85.0 372 82.4 12 3.2 68

30 to 50 percent disability rating

516 418 81.0 412 79.9 6 1.4 98

60 percent or higher disability rating

995 633 63.7 576 57.9 57 9.0 361

Disability rating not reported

140 113 80.5 110 78.4 3 2.6 27

Without service-connected disability

3,876 3,318 85.6 3,191 82.3 127 3.8 558

Presence of disability not reported

206 179 86.7 179 86.7 0 0.0 27

Gulf War era II

Total

3,637 3,040 83.6 2,897 79.7 143 4.7 596

With service-connected disability

1,475 1,146 77.7 1,080 73.2 66 5.7 329

Less than 30 percent disability rating

254 243 95.8 237 93.3 6 2.7 11

30 to 50 percent disability rating

359 316 88.0 310 86.4 6 1.8 43

60 percent or higher disability rating

779 513 65.9 463 59.4 51 9.9 266

Disability rating not reported

83 73 88.0 71 84.5 3 - 10

Without service-connected disability

2,037 1,789 87.8 1,712 84.0 77 4.3 248

Presence of disability not reported

124 105 84.7 105 84.7 0 0.0 19

Gulf War era I

Total

2,549 2,005 78.7 1,943 76.2 62 3.1 544

With service-connected disability

628 403 64.1 391 62.2 12 3.0 225

Less than 30 percent disability rating

198 141 71.2 136 68.4 6 4.0 57

30 to 50 percent disability rating

157 102 64.9 102 64.9 - - 55

60 percent or higher disability rating

216 120 55.7 114 52.7 6 5.4 96

Disability rating not reported

57 40 - 40 - - - 17

Without service-connected disability

1,839 1,529 83.1 1,479 80.4 50 3.3 310

Presence of disability not reported

82 73 89.8 73 89.8 0 - 8

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total

6,915 1,223 17.7 1,187 17.2 36 2.9 5,692

With service-connected disability

1,491 221 14.8 209 14.0 12 5.5 1,270

Less than 30 percent disability rating

451 87 19.2 85 18.8 2 2.2 365

30 to 50 percent disability rating

263 43 16.3 43 16.3 - - 220

60 percent or higher disability rating

631 67 10.6 58 9.2 9 - 564

Disability rating not reported

146 25 16.9 23 15.7 2 - 121

Without service-connected disability

5,261 996 18.9 972 18.5 24 2.4 4,266

Presence of disability not reported

163 7 4.1 7 4.1 0 - 156

Other service periods

Total

3,789 1,700 44.9 1,632 43.1 69 4.0 2,089

With service-connected disability

586 226 38.6 215 36.6 12 5.2 360

Less than 30 percent disability rating

247 138 55.8 132 53.2 6 4.5 109

30 to 50 percent disability rating

114 44 38.7 40 35.0 4 - 70

60 percent or higher disability rating

165 41 24.6 39 23.8 1 - 125

Disability rating not reported

59 3 - 3 - - - 55

Without service-connected disability

3,113 1,429 45.9 1,373 44.1 56 3.9 1,684

Presence of disability not reported

90 45 50.4 45 49.6 1 - 45

WOMEN
VETERANS

Total

1,886 1,048 55.6 1,005 53.3 43 4.1 838

With service-connected disability

561 256 45.7 249 44.5 7 2.7 305

Less than 30 percent disability rating

90 58 64.9 58 64.9 - - 32

30 to 50 percent disability rating

135 85 62.8 84 62.3 1 0.7 50

60 percent or higher disability rating

301 112 37.2 106 35.1 6 5.7 189

Disability rating not reported

35 1 - 1 - - - 34

Without service-connected disability

1,280 761 59.4 725 56.6 36 4.8 519

Presence of disability not reported

45 31 - 31 - - - 15

Gulf War era, total

Total

1,233 787 63.8 755 61.2 32 4.0 446

With service-connected disability

456 233 51.2 227 49.8 6 2.6 223

Without service-connected disability

737 523 70.9 497 67.4 26 4.9 215

Presence of disability not reported

40 31 - 31 - - - 9

Gulf War era II

Total

774 479 61.9 458 59.2 21 4.4 295

With service-connected disability

317 156 49.3 150 47.4 6 3.8 161

Without service-connected disability

426 301 70.6 286 67.1 15 5.0 125

Presence of disability not reported

31 22 - 22 - - - 9

Gulf War era I

Total

459 307 67.0 297 64.7 10 3.4 152

With service-connected disability

139 77 55.5 77 55.5 - - 62

Without service-connected disability

311 221 71.2 211 67.9 10 4.7 90

Presence of disability not reported

9 9 - 9 - - - 0

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total

247 46 18.6 38 15.4 8 - 201

With service-connected disability

50 4 - 4 - 0 - 45

Without service-connected disability

196 42 21.2 34 17.2 8 - 155

Presence of disability not reported

1 0 - 0 - - - 1

Other service periods

Total

406 215 53.0 211 52.1 4 1.7 191

With service-connected disability

55 19 - 18 - 1 - 37

Without service-connected disability

346 197 56.8 194 55.9 3 1.6 149

Presence of disability not reported

5 0 - 0 - - - 5

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Table 8. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service, and class of worker, August 2019, not seasonally adjusted
Veteran status, presence of disability, and
period of service
Total
Employed
(thousands)
Percent distribution by class of worker
Total Agriculture
and related
industries
Nonagricultural industries
Total Wage and salary workers(1) Self-
employed,
unincorpo-
rated, and
unpaid
family
workers
Private
sector
Government
Total Federal State and
local

Veterans, total(2)

8,664 100.0 1.6 98.4 71.1 21.1 11.2 9.8 6.3

With service-connected disability

2,144 100.0 1.2 98.8 63.5 30.8 20.4 10.4 4.5

Without service-connected disability

6,260 100.0 1.7 98.3 74.1 17.2 7.7 9.5 7.0

Gulf War era, total(2)

5,596 100.0 0.9 99.1 70.6 24.3 15.0 9.4 4.2

With service-connected disability

1,698 100.0 1.1 98.9 62.8 32.8 22.8 9.9 3.4

Without service-connected disability

3,688 100.0 0.8 99.2 74.9 19.8 10.8 9.0 4.6

Gulf War era II(2)

3,356 100.0 0.8 99.2 71.9 23.3 14.2 9.1 4.0

With service-connected disability

1,230 100.0 1.1 98.9 65.7 29.4 21.5 7.9 3.7

Without service-connected disability

1,998 100.0 0.6 99.4 77.0 18.4 8.6 9.8 4.0

Gulf War era I(2)

2,240 100.0 1.0 99.0 68.7 25.8 16.1 9.7 4.4

With service-connected disability

468 100.0 1.0 99.0 55.0 41.7 26.4 15.3 2.4

Without service-connected disability

1,690 100.0 0.9 99.1 72.5 21.4 13.4 8.0 5.2

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era(2)

1,225 100.0 4.3 95.7 70.8 12.0 2.0 10.0 12.9

With service-connected disability

213 100.0 1.8 98.2 74.1 12.9 2.7 10.2 11.3

Without service-connected disability

1,006 100.0 4.8 95.2 69.9 11.9 1.9 10.0 13.3

Other service periods(2)

1,843 100.0 1.9 98.1 72.7 17.2 6.0 11.2 8.2

With service-connected disability

232 100.0 1.3 98.7 59.4 32.7 18.6 14.1 6.7

Without service-connected disability

1,566 100.0 2.0 98.0 74.8 14.5 4.0 10.5 8.7

Nonveterans

146,901 100.0 1.5 98.5 80.1 12.7 2.0 10.7 5.6

(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War-era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2019, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Period of service and Reserve or National Guard
status
Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in labor
force
Total Percent of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Percent of
labor
force

VETERANS

Gulf War era, total

Total

7,419 5,832 78.6 5,596 75.4 236 4.1 1,587

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard

2,476 2,029 81.9 1,934 78.1 95 4.7 447

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard

4,731 3,623 76.6 3,481 73.6 141 3.9 1,108

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

212 181 85.2 181 85.2 0 0.0 32

Gulf War era II

Total

4,411 3,520 79.8 3,356 76.1 164 4.7 891

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard

1,451 1,232 84.9 1,162 80.0 71 5.7 219

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard

2,821 2,172 77.0 2,079 73.7 93 4.3 649

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

138 115 83.3 115 83.3 0 0.0 23

Gulf War era I

Total

3,008 2,313 76.9 2,240 74.5 72 3.1 695

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard

1,024 796 77.8 772 75.4 24 3.1 228

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard

1,910 1,451 76.0 1,403 73.4 48 3.3 459

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

74 66 - 66 - 0 - 8

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present) and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2019, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Period of service and location Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in labor
force
Total Percent of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Number Rate

Total, Gulf War-era II veterans

4,411 3,520 79.8 3,356 76.1 164 4.7 891

Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both(1)

1,855 1,433 77.3 1,369 73.8 64 4.5 422

Served in Iraq(2)

1,434 1,117 77.9 1,062 74.1 54 4.9 317

Served in Afghanistan(3)

930 727 78.2 700 75.3 27 3.7 203

Served in both locations(4)

509 411 80.7 394 77.4 17 4.1 98

Served elsewhere

2,556 2,086 81.6 1,987 77.7 100 4.8 470

(1) Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also includes veterans who served in both countries.
(2) Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan.
(3) Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq.
(4) Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Last Modified Date: April 22, 2020