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Economic News Release
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Employment Situation of Veterans News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, March 20, 2024              	           USDL-24-0544

Technical information:  (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps  
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                        EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS -- 2023


The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at any
time since September 2001--a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans--was little changed
at 3.3 percent in 2023 and the rate for all veterans was unchanged at 2.8 percent, the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. In August 2023, 46 percent of Gulf War-era II
veterans had a service-connected disability, compared with 30 percent of all veterans. 

This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey
of about 60,000 eligible households that provides data on employment, unemployment, and persons
not in the labor force in the United States. Data about veterans are collected monthly in the
CPS; these monthly data are the source of the 2023 annual averages presented in this news
release. In August 2023, a supplement to the CPS collected additional information about 
veterans on topics such as service-connected disability and veterans' current or past Reserve
or National Guard membership. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of 
Veterans Affairs and the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service.
For more information, see the Technical Note in this news release. 

Highlights from the 2023 data:

 --The unemployment rate for all veterans (2.8 percent) was lower than the rate for nonveterans
   (3.6 percent) in 2023. (See table A.)

 --The unemployment rate for male veterans (2.7 percent) was lower than for female veterans 
   (3.2 percent) in 2023. Both measures were little changed over the year. (See table A.)

 --Unemployment rates for White, Black, and Hispanic veterans were lower than for nonveterans
   in 2023, while the rate for Asian veterans was not statistically different than their
   nonveteran counterparts. (See table 1.)

 --Among the 241,000 unemployed veterans in 2023, 60 percent were ages 25 to 54, 34 percent
   were age 55 and over, and 6 percent were ages 18 to 24. (See table 2A.)

 --In August 2023, the unemployment rate of Gulf War-era II veterans with a service-connected
   disability rose by 3.0 percentage points over the year to 6.4 percent, and the rate for
   veterans without a service-connected disability increased by 2.1 percentage points to 4.0
   percent. (See table 7.)

 --Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a service-connected disability rating of less than
   30 percent in August 2023 were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with 
   a rating of 60 percent or higher (83.0 percent versus 67.9 percent). (See table 7.)

 --In August 2023, 31.4 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected disability 
   worked in the public sector, compared with 20.0 percent of veterans with no disability and
   12.5 percent of nonveterans. (See table 8.)

The Veteran Population

In 2023, 17.9 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 7 percent of the
civilian noninstitutional population age 18 and over. Of all veterans, about 11 percent were
women. In the survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served on
active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time these data were 
collected. 

Veterans are much more likely to be men than are nonveterans, and they also tend to be older.
In part, this reflects the characteristics of veterans who served during World War II, the
Korean War, and the Vietnam era, all of whom are now over age 65. Veterans who served during
these wartime periods accounted for one-third (6.0 million) of the total veteran population
in 2023. Forty-five percent of veterans (8.0 million) served during Gulf War era I (August
1990 to August 2001) or Gulf War era II (September 2001 to present). Another 22 percent (3.9
million) served outside these designated wartime periods. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

The unemployment rates for veteran men (2.7 percent) and women (3.2 percent) changed little
in 2023. In comparison to nonveteran men and women, the unemployment rate for veteran men was
lower than their nonveteran counterparts, while the rate for veteran women was little
different from that of their nonveteran counterparts. Unemployment rates for White (2.7 
percent), Black (3.3 percent), Asian (2.5 percent), and Hispanic (2.9 percent) veterans were
also little changed over the year and were not statistically different from each other in
2023.

Gulf War-era II Veterans 

In 2023, there were 5.0 million veterans who had served during Gulf War era II (September 2001
to present). Eighteen percent of these veterans were women, compared with about 4 percent of
veterans from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era II veterans was little changed at 3.3 percent in 2023.
Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rates for men and women were little changed
over the year and not statistically different from each other (3.2 percent and 3.4 percent,
respectively). (See table A.) 

The unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans, at 3.2 percent, was lower than the
rate for male nonveterans, at 3.8 percent, in 2023. By age, unemployment rates for male Gulf
War-era II veterans and male nonveterans were not statistically different. (See table 2B.) 

The unemployment rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans, at 3.4 percent, was the same as
the rate for female nonveterans in 2023. By age, unemployment rates for female Gulf War-era
II veterans and nonveterans were not statistically different. (See table 2C.)

Employed Gulf War-era II veteran men were more likely to work in management, professional,
and related occupations (42.4 percent) than were employed nonveteran men (39.8 percent). These
veterans were also more likely to work in service occupations than their nonveteran
counterparts (14.4 percent and 12.7 percent, respectively). Male veterans from Gulf War-era
II were less likely to work in sales and office occupations than their nonveteran counterparts
(11.8 percent and 14.0 percent, respectively) and less likely to work in production, 
transportation, and material moving occupations (15.4 percent and 17.5 percent, respectively).
For women, employed Gulf War-era II veterans were less likely to work in service occupations
than their nonveteran counterparts (14.6 percent and 19.4 percent, respectively). Veteran 
women from this period of service were more likely to work in natural resources, construction,
and maintenance occupations, at 2.3 percent, than nonveteran women at 1.1 percent. (See table
4.)

Employed Gulf War-era II veteran men were more than twice as likely to work in the public
sector in 2023 as their employed nonveteran counterparts--25.7 percent versus 10.2 percent.
Employed female Gulf War-era II veterans were nearly twice as likely to work in the public
sector than nonveteran women--30.3 percent versus 16.2 percent. Overall, among employed Gulf
War-era II veterans, 14.3 percent worked for the federal government, compared with 2.2 percent
of nonveterans. (See table 5.) 

In August 2023, 39 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq, Afghanistan,
or both locations. The unemployment rate for these veterans rose by 2.5 percentage points to
4.8 percent in August 2023. The rate for Gulf War-era II veterans who served elsewhere 
increased by 2.4 percentage points to 4.8 percent in August 2023. (See table 10.)

Gulf War-era I Veterans

In 2023, of the 3.0 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August
2001), 15 percent were women. The overall unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans was
2.3 percent in 2023, little changed from the prior year. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

In 2023, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era I veterans (2.4 percent) was lower than
that of male Gulf War-era II veterans (3.2 percent). The difference in unemployment rates
reflects, at least in part, the older age profile of veterans who served during Gulf War era
I. Younger people--whether veterans or nonveterans--tend to have higher unemployment rates
than older people. The rate for female Gulf War-era I veterans (2.1 percent) was not 
statistically different than the rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans (3.4 percent). (See
tables 2B and 2C.)

Veterans of Other Service Periods 

In 2023, 3.9 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods,"mainly
between the Korean War and the Vietnam era and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War era I. In
2023, about 1 in 10 veterans of other service periods were women. (See tables 1 and 2C.) 

The jobless rate for veterans of other service periods, at 2.4 percent, changed little in 2023.
Among these veterans, the unemployment rate for Black or African Americans declined by 2.4
percentage points to 2.0 percent. All other major demographic groups of these veterans showed
little change over the year. (See table 1.)

Veterans with a Service-connected Disability

In August 2023, 5.3 million veterans, or 30 percent of all veterans, had a service-connected
disability. Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating by
the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of Defense. Ratings range from
0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of the
condition. (See table 7.) 

Over the year, the unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability rose by
2.4 percentage points to 6.0 percent in August 2023. The rate for veterans with no service-
connected disability changed little, at 3.1 percent, and was lower than the rate for veterans
with a service-connected disability. The unemployment rate for male veterans with a service-
connected disability (4.8 percent) changed little over the year. By contrast, the rate for 
female veterans with a service-connected disability, which tends to show more variability, 
rose by 9.1 percentage points to 12.3 percent. 

Among veterans with a service-connected disability in August 2023, 20 percent had a disability
rating of less than 30 percent, while 56 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. 
Veterans with a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 percent were more likely
to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (56.3 percent versus
46.3 percent). The unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30
percent was 8.9 percent, not statistically different than the rate for those with a disability
rating of 60 percent or higher, at 5.7 percent.

In August 2023, 46 percent (2.4 million) of veterans who served during Gulf War era II
reported a service-connected disability. The labor force participation rate of Gulf War-era
II veterans with a service-connected disability (73.0 percent) was much lower than the rate
for veterans from this period with no service-connected disability (86.8 percent). Among Gulf
War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for those with a service-connected disability (6.4
percent) was not statistically different than the rate for those with no disability (4.0
percent). 

Among Gulf War-era II veterans with a service-connected disability, 65 percent reported a
disability rating of 60 percent or higher in August 2023. Gulf War-era II veterans who 
reported a disability rating of less than 30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor
force than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (83.0 percent compared with 67.9
percent). The unemployment rate for veterans of this service period with a disability rating
of less than 30 percent was 4.7 percent in August 2023, not statistically different than the
rate for those with a disability rating of 60 percent or higher, at 6.9 percent.

In August 2023, 31 percent (907,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War era I reported
a service-connected disability. Their labor force participation rate (59.8 percent) was lower
than the rate for Gulf War-era I veterans who did not have a service-connected disability 
(78.6 percent). The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans with a service-connected
disability (5.6 percent) was higher than the rate for those without a service-connected
disability (1.4 percent).

Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability work in
the public sector. In August 2023, 31.4 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected
disability worked in federal, state, or local government, compared with 20.0 percent of
veterans with no disability and 12.5 percent of nonveterans. Nineteen percent of employed 
veterans with a service-connected disability worked for the federal government, compared 
with 7.9 percent of veterans with no disability and 2.2 percent of nonveterans. (See table
8.)

Reserve and National Guard Membership

In August 2023, one-third (1.7 million) of Gulf War-era II veterans were current or past
members of the Reserve or National Guard. The labor force participation rate for veterans of
this period who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard (82.7 percent)
was not statistically different from the rate for veterans who had never been members (78.6
percent). Among Gulf War-era II veterans, those who were current or past members of the 
Reserve or National Guard had an unemployment rate of 4.2 percent, little changed from a year
earlier, while the rate for those who had never been members rose to 5.3 percent. (See table
9.)




Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, 2022-2023 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status and period of service 2022 2023
Total Men Women Total Men Women

TOTAL VETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population

18,370 16,342 2,027 17,898 15,858 2,040

Civilian labor force

8,807 7,616 1,191 8,632 7,480 1,152

Participation rate

47.9 46.6 58.7 48.2 47.2 56.5

Employed

8,557 7,400 1,158 8,391 7,276 1,115

Employment-population ratio

46.6 45.3 57.1 46.9 45.9 54.6

Unemployed

250 217 33 241 204 37

Unemployment rate

2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.2

Not in labor force

9,563 8,726 837 9,267 8,378 888

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

4,903 4,008 895 5,039 4,118 920

Civilian labor force

3,918 3,257 660 4,008 3,342 665

Participation rate

79.9 81.3 73.8 79.5 81.2 72.3

Employed

3,796 3,155 641 3,877 3,234 643

Employment-population ratio

77.4 78.7 71.6 76.9 78.5 69.8

Unemployed

121 102 19 131 109 22

Unemployment rate

3.1 3.1 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.4

Not in labor force

985 751 235 1,031 776 255

NONVETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population

236,451 107,655 128,795 239,789 109,935 129,854

Civilian labor force

153,017 78,628 74,389 156,034 80,214 75,820

Participation rate

64.7 73.0 57.8 65.1 73.0 58.4

Employed

147,523 75,756 71,768 150,472 77,192 73,280

Employment-population ratio

62.4 70.4 55.7 62.8 70.2 56.4

Unemployed

5,494 2,873 2,621 5,562 3,022 2,541

Unemployment rate

3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.4

Not in labor force

83,434 29,027 54,406 83,755 29,721 54,034

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Effective with data for January 2023, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from an updated Department of Veterans Affairs population model.


Technical Note

   The data in this news release were collected through the Current Population Survey
(CPS). The CPS--a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the
U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics--obtains information on
employment and unemployment among the nation's civilian noninstitutional population
age 16 and over.

   Most of the data in this news release are annual averages, compiled from the results
of the monthly survey. In August, a supplement to the CPS collected additional 
information about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability, veterans'
Reserve or National Guard status, and veterans who served in Iraq and/or Afghanistan.
The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and by 
the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service. Questions
were asked of people 17 years of age and older regarding their prior service in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Data are tabulated for people 18 years of age and older.

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

Definitions

   The definitions underlying the data in this news release are as follows:

   Veterans are men and women who previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed
Forces and who were civilians at the time they were surveyed. Members of the Reserve
and National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been called to active 
duty. People who are on active duty at the time of the survey are outside the scope
of the survey and thus not in the estimates shown here, as are people who reside in
institutions, such as nursing homes and prisons.
   
   World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf War-era veterans are men and 
women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during these periods of service, 
regardless of where in the world they served. Veterans who served in more than one
wartime period are classified in the most recent one.

   Veterans of other service periods are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed
Forces at any time other than World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or the
Gulf War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged in several armed conflicts 
during other service periods, these conflicts were more limited in scope and included
a smaller proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime periods. Veterans
who served during one of the selected wartime periods and during another period are
classified in the wartime period.

   Nonveterans are men and women who never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed
Forces.

   Veteran status is obtained from responses to the question, "Did you ever serve on
active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?"

   Period of service identifies when a veteran served in the Armed Forces, but not 
the location of their service. It is obtained from answers to the question asked of
veterans, "When did you serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?" The following
service periods are identified:

      Gulf War era II -- September 2001-present
      Gulf War era I -- August 1990-August 2001
      Vietnam era -- August 1964-April 1975
      Korean War -- July 1950-January 1955
      World War II -- December 1941-December 1946
      Other service periods -- All other time periods

   Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service.
Veterans are counted only in one period of service, their most recent wartime 
period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the 
most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service
period are classified in the wartime period. The period-of-service definitions are 
modified occasionally to reflect changes in law, regulations, and program needs of 
the survey sponsors.

   Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are individuals who served in
Iraq at any time since March 2003, in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, or
in both locations. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan is determined by answers to two 
questions: "Did you serve in Iraq, off the coast of Iraq, or did you fly missions 
over Iraq at any time since March 2003?" and "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or did 
you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time since October 2001?"

   Presence of service-connected disability is determined by answers to two questions
beginning in August 2021: "Have you filed a claim for or received a rating from the
Department of Veterans Affairs or the Department of Defense confirming that you have
a service-connected disability; that is, a health condition or impairment caused or
made worse by military service?" and (asked of those who said yes) "Did you receive
a VA disability rating?"  People who applied for and received a service-connected 
disability rating are classified as having a service-connected disability. People 
who applied for but did not receive a service-connected disability rating are 
classified as without a service-connected disability.

   Service-connected disability rating is based on answers to the question, "What
is your current VA service-connected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 
to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings are determined by 
the VA or DoD from a rating schedule published in the Code of Federal Regulations,
Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4--"Schedule for Rating 
Disabilities." The rating schedule is "primarily a guide in the evaluation of 
disability resulting from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a result
of or incident to military service. The percentage ratings represent as far as can
practicably be determined the average impairment in earning capacity resulting from
such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in civil occupations." 
Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of
0 through 100 percent, with instructions for rating multiple disorders.

   Reserve and National Guard membership refers only to Gulf War-era veterans who
are current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard. Members of the 
Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been called to
active duty. These data do not refer to all people who may have ever served in the
Reserve or National Guard. Beginning in August 2021, Reserve or National Guard 
status is obtained from answers to the question asked of veterans, "Have you ever
been a member of the Reserve or National Guard?" 

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance
that the sample estimates will differ from the true population values they 
represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by
chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors 
from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur
for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, the
inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, the inability or
unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the
collection or processing of the data.

   Information about the reliability of national data from the CPS and instructions
on how to generate standard errors are available at 
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

   For a discussion of the reliability of state estimates from the CPS, such as 
those in tables 6A and 6B of this news release, see 
www.bls.gov/opub/geographic-profile/home.htm.

Comparability of the estimates

   Effective with data for January 2023, estimates for veterans incorporate 
population controls derived from a new Department of Veterans Affairs Veteran
Population Projection Model (VetPop2020). In accordance with usual practice, BLS 
did not revise estimates for previous years. Information about the Veteran 
Population Projection Model is available from the Department of Veterans Affairs at
www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/Demographics/New_Vetpop_Model/VetPop2020_A_Brief_Description.pdf.




Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2023 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, period of service,
sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of
population
Total Percent
of
labor force

TOTAL

Total, 18 years and over

257,687 164,666 63.9 158,863 61.6 5,803 3.5 93,021

Veterans

17,898 8,632 48.2 8,391 46.9 241 2.8 9,267

Gulf War era, total

7,995 6,136 76.7 5,955 74.5 181 2.9 1,859

Gulf War era II

5,039 4,008 79.5 3,877 76.9 131 3.3 1,031

Gulf War era I

2,956 2,128 72.0 2,079 70.3 50 2.3 828

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

5,968 808 13.5 787 13.2 21 2.5 5,160

Other service periods

3,935 1,688 42.9 1,648 41.9 40 2.4 2,247

Nonveterans

239,789 156,034 65.1 150,472 62.8 5,562 3.6 83,755

Men

Total, 18 years and over

125,793 87,694 69.7 84,468 67.1 3,226 3.7 38,099

Veterans

15,858 7,480 47.2 7,276 45.9 204 2.7 8,378

Gulf War era, total

6,627 5,164 77.9 5,012 75.6 152 2.9 1,463

Gulf War era II

4,118 3,342 81.2 3,234 78.5 109 3.2 776

Gulf War era I

2,509 1,822 72.6 1,779 70.9 43 2.4 687

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

5,715 786 13.8 768 13.4 19 2.4 4,929

Other service periods

3,516 1,530 43.5 1,496 42.5 34 2.2 1,986

Nonveterans

109,935 80,214 73.0 77,192 70.2 3,022 3.8 29,721

Women

Total, 18 years and over

131,894 76,972 58.4 74,394 56.4 2,578 3.3 54,922

Veterans

2,040 1,152 56.5 1,115 54.6 37 3.2 888

Gulf War era, total

1,368 972 71.0 943 68.9 29 3.0 396

Gulf War era II

920 665 72.3 643 69.8 22 3.4 255

Gulf War era I

447 306 68.5 300 67.0 6 2.1 141

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

253 22 8.6 20 7.9 2 - 231

Other service periods

419 158 37.7 152 36.2 6 3.9 261

Nonveterans

129,854 75,820 58.4 73,280 56.4 2,541 3.4 54,034

White

Total, 18 years and over

197,808 125,424 63.4 121,456 61.4 3,968 3.2 72,385

Veterans

14,542 6,765 46.5 6,583 45.3 182 2.7 7,777

Gulf War era, total

6,037 4,703 77.9 4,567 75.6 136 2.9 1,334

Gulf War era II

3,790 3,060 80.7 2,962 78.2 98 3.2 730

Gulf War era I

2,247 1,643 73.1 1,605 71.4 38 2.3 604

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

5,312 704 13.3 687 12.9 17 2.4 4,607

Other service periods

3,194 1,358 42.5 1,329 41.6 29 2.1 1,836

Nonveterans

183,266 118,659 64.7 114,873 62.7 3,786 3.2 64,608

Black or African American

Total, 18 years and over

33,325 21,653 65.0 20,490 61.5 1,163 5.4 11,672

Veterans

2,457 1,356 55.2 1,312 53.4 45 3.3 1,101

Gulf War era, total

1,402 1,026 73.2 990 70.6 36 3.5 376

Gulf War era II

862 653 75.7 624 72.4 28 4.3 209

Gulf War era I

541 373 69.1 366 67.6 8 2.1 167

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

470 67 14.2 63 13.5 3 4.8 404

Other service periods

584 263 45.1 258 44.2 5 2.0 321

Nonveterans

30,868 20,297 65.8 19,179 62.1 1,118 5.5 10,571

Asian

Total, 18 years and over

17,050 11,326 66.4 10,988 64.4 338 3.0 5,724

Veterans

309 194 62.9 189 61.3 5 2.5 114

Gulf War era, total

191 150 78.6 147 76.9 3 2.2 41

Gulf War era II

140 112 80.3 111 79.5 1 1.0 28

Gulf War era I

51 38 74.3 36 69.9 2 5.8 13

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

58 17 29.5 17 29.5 0 - 41

Other service periods

59 27 45.0 25 42.4 2 - 33

Nonveterans

16,741 11,131 66.5 10,798 64.5 333 3.0 5,610

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 18 years and over

45,075 31,256 69.3 29,851 66.2 1,405 4.5 13,819

Veterans

1,471 916 62.3 889 60.4 27 2.9 555

Gulf War era, total

974 746 76.6 723 74.3 23 3.1 228

Gulf War era II

665 514 77.3 494 74.4 19 3.8 151

Gulf War era I

309 232 75.2 229 74.0 4 1.6 77

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

269 47 17.3 45 16.6 2 4.2 222

Other service periods

229 123 53.8 121 53.0 2 1.5 106

Nonveterans

43,604 30,340 69.6 28,962 66.4 1,378 4.5 13,264

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2023 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Percent of
labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over

17,898 8,632 48.2 8,391 46.9 241 2.8 9,267

18 to 24 years

269 175 65.3 162 60.1 14 7.8 93

25 to 34 years

1,489 1,229 82.6 1,180 79.2 50 4.0 259

35 to 44 years

2,140 1,811 84.6 1,757 82.1 54 3.0 329

45 to 54 years

2,413 2,003 83.0 1,963 81.3 41 2.0 410

55 to 64 years

3,304 2,160 65.4 2,110 63.9 50 2.3 1,144

65 years and over

8,283 1,252 15.1 1,219 14.7 33 2.6 7,031

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over

7,995 6,136 76.7 5,955 74.5 181 2.9 1,859

18 to 24 years

269 175 65.3 162 60.1 14 7.8 93

25 to 34 years

1,489 1,229 82.6 1,180 79.2 50 4.0 259

35 to 44 years

2,140 1,811 84.6 1,757 82.1 54 3.0 329

45 to 54 years

2,185 1,829 83.7 1,793 82.1 36 1.9 357

55 to 64 years

1,361 949 69.7 926 68.0 23 2.4 412

65 years and over

551 142 25.7 137 24.9 5 3.3 409

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over

5,039 4,008 79.5 3,877 76.9 131 3.3 1,031

18 to 24 years

269 175 65.3 162 60.1 14 7.8 93

25 to 34 years

1,489 1,229 82.6 1,180 79.2 50 4.0 259

35 to 44 years

1,871 1,587 84.8 1,541 82.4 45 2.8 284

45 to 54 years

768 630 81.9 617 80.3 13 2.0 139

55 to 64 years

495 337 68.0 328 66.1 9 2.8 159

65 years and over

147 50 34.0 49 33.6 1 - 97

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over

2,956 2,128 72.0 2,079 70.3 50 2.3 828

35 to 44 years

269 225 83.5 216 80.2 9 3.9 44

45 to 54 years

1,417 1,199 84.6 1,176 83.0 23 1.9 218

55 to 64 years

865 612 70.7 598 69.2 14 2.2 253

65 years and over

405 92 22.8 88 21.8 4 4.4 313

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over

5,968 808 13.5 787 13.2 21 2.5 5,160

55 to 64 years

0 0 - 0 - 0 - 0

65 years and over

5,968 808 13.5 787 13.2 21 2.5 5,160

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over

3,935 1,688 42.9 1,648 41.9 40 2.4 2,247

45 to 54 years

228 175 76.6 169 74.3 5 3.0 53

55 to 64 years

1,943 1,211 62.3 1,185 61.0 27 2.2 732

65 years and over

1,764 302 17.1 294 16.7 8 2.6 1,462

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over

239,789 156,034 65.1 150,472 62.8 5,562 3.6 83,755

18 to 24 years

29,815 19,503 65.4 18,036 60.5 1,466 7.5 10,313

25 to 34 years

43,039 36,074 83.8 34,658 80.5 1,416 3.9 6,965

35 to 44 years

41,314 34,620 83.8 33,642 81.4 977 2.8 6,694

45 to 54 years

37,546 30,804 82.0 30,023 80.0 780 2.5 6,743

55 to 64 years

38,099 25,092 65.9 24,452 64.2 640 2.6 13,008

65 years and over

49,976 9,943 19.9 9,660 19.3 282 2.8 40,033

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2023 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Percent of
labor force

VETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over

15,858 7,480 47.2 7,276 45.9 204 2.7 8,378

18 to 24 years

203 132 65.1 120 59.2 12 9.0 71

25 to 34 years

1,213 1,027 84.6 989 81.5 38 3.7 187

35 to 44 years

1,731 1,498 86.5 1,453 84.0 44 3.0 233

45 to 54 years

2,063 1,734 84.1 1,699 82.3 35 2.0 329

55 to 64 years

2,871 1,908 66.5 1,865 64.9 44 2.3 963

65 years and over

7,777 1,181 15.2 1,151 14.8 30 2.6 6,596

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over

6,627 5,164 77.9 5,012 75.6 152 2.9 1,463

18 to 24 years

203 132 65.1 120 59.2 12 9.0 71

25 to 34 years

1,213 1,027 84.6 989 81.5 38 3.7 187

35 to 44 years

1,731 1,498 86.5 1,453 84.0 44 3.0 233

45 to 54 years

1,856 1,576 84.9 1,545 83.2 31 1.9 280

55 to 64 years

1,153 811 70.3 789 68.4 22 2.7 342

65 years and over

471 121 25.6 116 24.7 4 3.7 350

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over

4,118 3,342 81.2 3,234 78.5 109 3.2 776

18 to 24 years

203 132 65.1 120 59.2 12 9.0 71

25 to 34 years

1,213 1,027 84.6 989 81.5 38 3.7 187

35 to 44 years

1,518 1,317 86.8 1,280 84.3 37 2.8 201

45 to 54 years

641 538 83.9 526 82.1 12 2.2 103

55 to 64 years

421 286 67.9 276 65.6 9 3.3 135

65 years and over

123 43 35.3 43 34.8 1 1.3 79

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over

2,509 1,822 72.6 1,779 70.9 43 2.4 687

35 to 44 years

213 181 84.9 173 81.3 7 4.1 32

45 to 54 years

1,215 1,038 85.4 1,019 83.9 19 1.8 177

55 to 64 years

732 525 71.8 513 70.0 13 2.4 207

65 years and over

348 77 22.2 73 21.1 4 5.0 271

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over

5,715 786 13.8 768 13.4 19 2.4 4,929

55 to 64 years

0 0 - 0 - 0 - 0

65 years and over

5,715 786 13.8 768 13.4 19 2.4 4,929

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over

3,516 1,530 43.5 1,496 42.5 34 2.2 1,986

45 to 54 years

207 158 76.5 154 74.2 5 3.0 49

55 to 64 years

1,718 1,097 63.9 1,076 62.6 22 2.0 621

65 years and over

1,591 274 17.2 267 16.8 7 2.6 1,317

NONVETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over

109,935 80,214 73.0 77,192 70.2 3,022 3.8 29,721

18 to 24 years

14,955 9,910 66.3 9,091 60.8 819 8.3 5,045

25 to 34 years

21,111 18,918 89.6 18,127 85.9 790 4.2 2,194

35 to 44 years

20,007 18,115 90.5 17,601 88.0 514 2.8 1,892

45 to 54 years

17,814 15,708 88.2 15,294 85.9 415 2.6 2,106

55 to 64 years

17,429 12,633 72.5 12,287 70.5 345 2.7 4,796

65 years and over

18,618 4,929 26.5 4,791 25.7 138 2.8 13,689

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2023 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Percent of
labor force

VETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over

2,040 1,152 56.5 1,115 54.6 37 3.2 888

18 to 24 years

66 44 65.9 42 63.1 2 4.3 23

25 to 34 years

276 203 73.5 191 69.4 11 5.6 73

35 to 44 years

409 313 76.6 304 74.3 10 3.0 96

45 to 54 years

350 269 76.8 264 75.3 5 2.0 81

55 to 64 years

433 252 58.2 246 56.8 6 2.4 181

65 years and over

506 71 14.0 68 13.5 3 3.8 435

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over

1,368 972 71.0 943 68.9 29 3.0 396

18 to 24 years

66 44 65.9 42 63.1 2 4.3 23

25 to 34 years

276 203 73.5 191 69.4 11 5.6 73

35 to 44 years

409 313 76.6 304 74.3 10 3.0 96

45 to 54 years

329 253 76.8 248 75.3 5 1.9 76

55 to 64 years

208 138 66.5 137 65.9 1 0.8 70

65 years and over

80 21 26.6 21 26.3 0 - 59

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over

920 665 72.3 643 69.8 22 3.4 255

18 to 24 years

66 44 65.9 42 63.1 2 4.3 23

25 to 34 years

276 203 73.5 191 69.4 11 5.6 73

35 to 44 years

353 269 76.4 261 74.1 8 3.0 83

45 to 54 years

128 92 72.1 91 71.3 1 1.1 36

55 to 64 years

75 51 68.8 51 68.8 0 0.0 23

65 years and over

24 7 - 7 - 0 - 17

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over

447 306 68.5 300 67.0 6 2.1 141

35 to 44 years

56 44 78.3 43 75.9 1 3.1 12

45 to 54 years

202 161 79.8 157 77.9 4 2.3 41

55 to 64 years

133 87 65.1 86 64.3 1 1.3 46

65 years and over

56 15 26.3 15 26.0 0 - 42

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over

253 22 8.6 20 7.9 2 - 231

55 to 64 years

0 0 - 0 - 0 - 0

65 years and over

253 22 8.6 20 7.9 2 - 231

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over

419 158 37.7 152 36.2 6 3.9 261

45 to 54 years

21 16 - 16 - 1 - 5

55 to 64 years

225 114 50.6 109 48.4 5 4.4 111

65 years and over

173 28 16.1 27 15.7 1 - 145

NONVETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over

129,854 75,820 58.4 73,280 56.4 2,541 3.4 54,034

18 to 24 years

14,860 9,592 64.6 8,946 60.2 647 6.7 5,268

25 to 34 years

21,927 17,156 78.2 16,531 75.4 625 3.6 4,771

35 to 44 years

21,307 16,504 77.5 16,041 75.3 464 2.8 4,802

45 to 54 years

19,732 15,095 76.5 14,730 74.6 366 2.4 4,637

55 to 64 years

20,671 12,459 60.3 12,164 58.8 294 2.4 8,212

65 years and over

31,357 5,014 16.0 4,869 15.5 145 2.9 26,344

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational attainment, 2023 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status,
period of service, and educational attainment
Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of
population
Total Percent
of
labor force

VETERANS

Total, 25 years and over

17,629 8,456 48.0 8,229 46.7 227 2.7 9,173

Less than a high school diploma

474 79 16.7 78 16.4 2 2.0 395

High school graduates, no college

4,939 2,058 41.7 1,999 40.5 59 2.9 2,881

Some college or associate degree

6,112 2,999 49.1 2,910 47.6 89 3.0 3,113

Bachelor's degree and higher

6,104 3,320 54.4 3,242 53.1 78 2.3 2,784

Gulf War era, total

Total, 25 years and over

7,726 5,960 77.1 5,794 75.0 167 2.8 1,766

Less than a high school diploma

52 30 57.8 30 57.6 0 - 22

High school graduates, no college

1,748 1,291 73.9 1,247 71.3 45 3.5 457

Some college or associate degree

2,826 2,137 75.6 2,071 73.3 66 3.1 689

Bachelor's degree and higher

3,100 2,501 80.7 2,445 78.9 56 2.2 598

Gulf War era II

Total, 25 years and over

4,770 3,832 80.3 3,715 77.9 117 3.1 938

Less than a high school diploma

30 18 - 18 - 0 - 11

High school graduates, no college

1,005 790 78.6 759 75.5 31 3.9 215

Some college or associate degree

1,769 1,386 78.4 1,335 75.5 51 3.7 383

Bachelor's degree and higher

1,966 1,637 83.3 1,602 81.5 35 2.1 329

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over

2,956 2,128 72.0 2,079 70.3 50 2.3 828

Less than a high school diploma

23 12 - 12 - 0 - 11

High school graduates, no college

743 501 67.4 487 65.6 14 2.7 242

Some college or associate degree

1,057 751 71.0 736 69.6 15 2.0 306

Bachelor's degree and higher

1,134 864 76.2 844 74.4 21 2.4 269

WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 25 years and over

5,968 808 13.5 787 13.2 21 2.5 5,160

Less than a high school diploma

266 20 7.5 19 7.3 1 - 246

High school graduates, no college

1,872 214 11.5 211 11.3 3 1.5 1,657

Some college or associate degree

1,922 252 13.1 244 12.7 8 3.1 1,670

Bachelor's degree and higher

1,908 322 16.9 313 16.4 9 2.7 1,586

Other service periods

Total, 25 years and over

3,935 1,688 42.9 1,648 41.9 40 2.4 2,247

Less than a high school diploma

155 29 18.7 28 18.2 1 - 126

High school graduates, no college

1,320 552 41.9 541 41.0 11 2.0 767

Some college or associate degree

1,364 610 44.7 595 43.6 15 2.4 754

Bachelor's degree and higher

1,097 497 45.3 484 44.1 13 2.6 600

NONVETERANS

Total, 25 years and over

209,974 136,531 65.0 132,435 63.1 4,096 3.0 73,442

Less than a high school diploma

18,878 9,023 47.8 8,517 45.1 506 5.6 9,855

High school graduates, no college

58,428 33,840 57.9 32,503 55.6 1,337 4.0 24,588

Some college or associate degree

51,030 32,957 64.6 31,951 62.6 1,006 3.1 18,074

Bachelor's degree and higher

81,637 60,711 74.4 59,464 72.8 1,247 2.1 20,925

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2023 annual averages [Percent distribution]
Occupation and sex Veterans Non-
veterans
Total Gulf War era WW II,
Korean
War, and
Vietnam
era
Other
service
periods
Total Gulf War
era II
Gulf War
era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)

8,391 5,955 3,877 2,079 787 1,648 150,472

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations

43.3 45.0 44.0 46.9 40.7 38.4 44.2

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

21.3 21.5 19.8 24.5 23.7 19.4 19.1

Professional and related occupations

22.1 23.6 24.2 22.4 17.0 19.0 25.1

Service occupations

12.9 13.5 14.5 11.6 12.0 11.1 16.0

Sales and office occupations

14.4 14.0 14.2 13.8 17.7 14.2 18.9

Sales and related occupations

7.0 6.5 6.4 6.5 11.7 6.9 8.8

Office and administrative support occupations

7.4 7.6 7.7 7.3 6.0 7.2 10.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

12.7 12.6 13.6 10.7 10.0 14.4 8.7

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.6

Construction and extraction occupations

5.3 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.7 6.4 5.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

7.0 7.3 8.2 5.6 3.6 7.6 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

16.7 14.9 13.8 16.9 19.6 22.0 12.2

Production occupations

6.5 6.2 5.9 6.8 5.7 7.8 5.1

Transportation and material moving occupations

10.2 8.7 7.8 10.2 13.9 14.2 7.1

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)

7,276 5,012 3,234 1,779 768 1,496 77,192

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations

41.7 43.2 42.4 44.7 40.8 36.9 39.8

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

21.2 21.3 19.7 24.2 23.8 19.4 19.4

Professional and related occupations

20.5 21.9 22.7 20.5 17.0 17.5 20.4

Service occupations

12.7 13.5 14.4 11.8 11.9 10.6 12.7

Sales and office occupations

12.8 12.0 11.8 12.2 17.3 13.1 14.0

Sales and related occupations

6.9 6.1 6.2 6.1 11.9 7.0 8.6

Office and administrative support occupations

5.8 5.8 5.7 6.1 5.4 6.1 5.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

14.4 14.7 15.8 12.5 10.1 15.7 16.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.8

Construction and extraction occupations

6.1 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.7 7.1 9.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

7.9 8.4 9.4 6.5 3.7 8.3 5.3

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

18.4 16.6 15.4 18.8 19.9 23.7 17.5

Production occupations

7.1 7.0 6.7 7.6 5.7 8.3 6.8

Transportation and material moving occupations

11.3 9.6 8.8 11.2 14.2 15.3 10.7

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)

1,115 943 643 300 20 152 73,280

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations

54.1 54.6 52.0 60.2 - 52.9 48.8

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

21.9 22.3 20.3 26.8 - 19.5 18.7

Professional and related occupations

32.2 32.3 31.7 33.4 - 33.4 30.0

Service occupations

13.6 13.2 14.6 10.4 - 15.4 19.4

Sales and office occupations

25.1 25.0 25.8 23.4 - 24.7 24.1

Sales and related occupations

7.8 8.1 7.7 9.0 - 6.3 9.0

Office and administrative support occupations

17.3 16.9 18.1 14.4 - 18.5 15.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

1.6 1.7 2.3 0.3 - 1.1 1.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 - 0.2 0.3

Construction and extraction occupations

0.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 - 0.0 0.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

1.2 1.3 1.7 0.3 - 1.0 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

5.6 5.5 5.4 5.7 - 5.8 6.6

Production occupations

2.2 2.0 2.2 1.7 - 2.7 3.3

Transportation and material moving occupations

3.4 3.5 3.2 4.1 - 3.2 3.3

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2023 annual averages [Percent distribution]
Industry, class of worker, and sex Veterans Non-
veterans
Total Gulf War era WW II,
Korean
War, and
Vietnam
era
Other
service
periods
Total Gulf War
era II
Gulf War
era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)(1)

8,391 5,955 3,877 2,079 787 1,648 150,472

As a percent of total employed

Total employed(1)

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries

1.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 5.8 1.9 1.4

Wage and salary workers(2)

0.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.4 0.9 1.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

0.7 0.2 0.1 0.3 4.4 0.9 0.4

Nonagricultural industries

98.6 99.3 99.3 99.3 94.2 98.1 98.6

Wage and salary workers(2)

93.1 95.3 95.3 95.1 78.0 92.6 92.9

Private industries

70.6 69.6 68.9 70.8 66.6 76.4 79.8

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.3

Construction

6.3 6.3 6.6 5.6 5.0 6.9 6.2

Manufacturing

11.7 11.5 10.8 12.8 8.6 14.1 9.4

Wholesale trade

2.0 1.8 1.6 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.0

Retail trade

8.0 7.5 7.3 7.8 11.9 8.1 9.7

Transportation and utilities

8.2 7.8 7.7 8.0 6.3 10.3 4.9

Information

1.7 1.9 1.5 2.5 0.5 1.5 1.7

Financial activities

4.8 4.6 4.2 5.3 5.9 5.1 6.4

Professional and business services

11.1 11.3 12.0 10.0 9.3 11.1 11.5

Education and health services

9.0 9.3 9.3 9.4 6.7 9.1 16.0

Leisure and hospitality

4.0 4.1 4.3 3.8 5.0 2.9 7.8

Other services

3.2 2.7 2.7 2.7 4.6 4.2 4.0

Government

22.5 25.7 26.4 24.4 11.4 16.2 13.1

Federal

11.0 13.3 14.3 11.5 3.9 6.0 2.2

State

4.4 4.7 4.7 4.7 2.0 4.3 4.6

Local

7.1 7.7 7.4 8.1 5.5 5.9 6.3

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

5.4 4.0 3.9 4.1 16.1 5.5 5.7

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)(1)

7,276 5,012 3,234 1,779 768 1,496 77,192

As a percent of total employed

Total employed(1)

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries

1.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 5.9 2.0 1.9

Wage and salary workers(2)

0.8 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.4 1.0 1.3

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

0.8 0.2 0.1 0.4 4.5 1.0 0.6

Nonagricultural industries

98.4 99.2 99.2 99.2 94.1 98.0 98.1

Wage and salary workers(2)

92.9 95.3 95.5 95.0 77.9 92.4 91.7

Private industries

71.5 70.5 69.9 71.8 66.6 77.1 81.6

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.6

Construction

7.0 7.1 7.5 6.5 5.1 7.6 10.7

Manufacturing

12.8 12.7 12.1 13.9 8.8 15.0 12.6

Wholesale trade

2.2 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.6

Retail trade

8.2 7.6 7.6 7.8 12.0 8.0 9.6

Transportation and utilities

8.9 8.7 8.5 8.9 6.3 11.0 7.1

Information

1.8 2.1 1.7 2.8 0.5 1.6 2.0

Financial activities

4.7 4.4 4.0 5.1 6.0 4.9 5.8

Professional and business services

11.1 11.4 11.9 10.5 9.2 11.1 12.6

Education and health services

7.1 7.1 6.9 7.4 6.5 7.4 7.2

Leisure and hospitality

3.8 3.8 4.2 3.2 5.0 3.1 7.3

Other services

3.2 2.7 2.7 2.6 4.4 4.1 3.6

Government

21.4 24.8 25.7 23.2 11.3 15.2 10.2

Federal

10.5 13.1 14.4 10.7 3.7 5.4 2.0

State

4.1 4.4 4.3 4.5 2.0 4.1 3.3

Local

6.8 7.3 6.9 8.0 5.6 5.7 4.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

5.5 3.9 3.7 4.2 16.1 5.6 6.4

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)(1)

1,115 943 643 300 20 152 73,280

As a percent of total employed

Total employed(1)

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries

0.3 0.3 0.4 0.0 - 0.2 0.9

Wage and salary workers(2)

0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 - 0.2 0.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 - 0.0 0.3

Nonagricultural industries

99.7 99.7 99.6 100.0 - 99.8 99.1

Wage and salary workers(2)

94.8 95.0 94.4 96.2 - 95.0 94.2

Private industries

65.1 64.3 64.2 64.6 - 69.6 78.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

0.2 0.2 0.0 0.7 - 0.3 0.1

Construction

1.6 1.8 2.3 0.9 - 0.5 1.5

Manufacturing

5.0 5.2 4.8 6.2 - 4.5 6.0

Wholesale trade

0.7 0.6 0.3 1.2 - 0.5 1.4

Retail trade

6.9 6.5 5.9 7.7 - 9.2 9.8

Transportation and utilities

3.4 3.3 3.7 2.3 - 3.5 2.5

Information

0.8 0.9 0.8 1.1 - 0.1 1.3

Financial activities

5.8 5.7 5.4 6.4 - 7.0 7.0

Professional and business services

10.7 10.5 12.3 6.7 - 11.2 10.3

Education and health services

21.7 21.2 21.3 21.1 - 26.0 25.3

Leisure and hospitality

5.1 5.6 4.8 7.5 - 1.8 8.3

Other services

3.3 2.7 2.6 2.9 - 5.1 4.5

Government

29.7 30.7 30.3 31.6 - 25.4 16.2

Federal

14.1 14.6 13.9 16.1 - 11.4 2.3

State

6.4 6.6 6.7 6.2 - 5.6 6.0

Local

9.2 9.5 9.7 9.2 - 8.4 7.9

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

4.9 4.7 5.2 3.8 - 4.8 4.9

Footnotes
(1) Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.
(2) Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2023 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
State Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of
population
Total Percent
of
labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over

17,898 8,632 48.2 8,391 46.9 241 2.8 9,267

Alabama

355 174 49.2 172 48.6 2 1.1 180

Alaska

62 36 58.1 35 56.3 1 3.1 26

Arizona

458 222 48.5 216 47.1 6 2.9 236

Arkansas

207 95 45.8 94 45.1 1 1.6 112

California

1,324 601 45.4 584 44.1 17 2.9 723

Colorado

376 193 51.3 189 50.3 4 1.8 183

Connecticut

149 61 40.9 60 40.7 0 0.4 88

Delaware

75 34 44.7 32 42.3 2 5.4 41

District of Columbia

24 11 48.1 11 47.0 0 2.2 12

Florida

1,400 625 44.7 610 43.6 15 2.5 775

Georgia

634 325 51.2 317 50.0 8 2.5 309

Hawaii

87 40 45.7 39 44.8 1 2.0 47

Idaho

124 54 44.0 53 42.6 2 3.3 69

Illinois

499 215 43.2 209 41.9 6 3.0 284

Indiana

403 191 47.3 185 46.0 6 2.9 212

Iowa

204 114 56.0 110 54.0 4 3.6 90

Kansas

164 80 48.7 77 47.1 3 3.3 84

Kentucky

261 125 48.1 124 47.3 2 1.5 136

Louisiana

279 124 44.5 121 43.2 4 3.1 155

Maine

104 47 44.9 45 43.0 2 4.2 57

Maryland

340 190 56.0 186 54.8 4 2.0 150

Massachusetts

243 113 46.4 111 45.7 2 1.7 130

Michigan

515 254 49.3 247 48.0 7 2.7 261

Minnesota

275 121 43.9 116 42.3 5 3.7 154

Mississippi

183 77 42.2 75 41.2 2 2.5 106

Missouri

382 177 46.4 173 45.4 4 2.1 205

Montana

101 51 51.0 50 49.7 1 2.7 49

Nebraska

114 56 48.8 55 48.1 1 1.3 58

Nevada

216 112 51.8 106 49.1 6 5.2 104

New Hampshire

103 48 46.4 46 44.7 2 3.6 55

New Jersey

282 106 37.8 103 36.6 3 3.2 175

New Mexico

153 64 41.5 59 38.6 5 7.1 90

New York

666 280 42.0 270 40.5 10 3.6 386

North Carolina

684 320 46.8 315 46.1 5 1.7 364

North Dakota

47 27 57.4 26 56.8 0 1.1 20

Ohio

684 317 46.3 309 45.2 8 2.4 368

Oklahoma

258 140 54.3 139 53.7 1 1.0 118

Oregon

276 121 43.8 116 42.2 5 3.8 155

Pennsylvania

684 295 43.1 289 42.2 6 2.0 390

Rhode Island

55 25 44.9 24 43.8 1 2.5 30

South Carolina

437 200 45.8 193 44.3 7 3.4 237

South Dakota

59 32 54.5 32 53.2 1 2.5 27

Tennessee

475 222 46.7 213 44.9 9 3.9 253

Texas

1,603 915 57.1 885 55.2 30 3.2 688

Utah

147 81 55.3 80 54.2 2 2.0 66

Vermont

37 17 45.4 16 44.6 0 1.7 20

Virginia

735 447 60.8 431 58.6 16 3.7 288

Washington

473 238 50.4 229 48.5 9 3.8 234

West Virginia

123 55 44.7 54 43.8 1 2.2 68

Wisconsin

312 138 44.4 135 43.3 3 2.4 173

Wyoming

47 24 49.8 23 49.3 0 1.2 24

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria.


Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2023 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
State Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of
population
Total Percent
of
labor force

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over

239,789 156,034 65.1 150,472 62.8 5,562 3.6 83,755

Alabama

3,565 2,116 59.4 2,065 57.9 51 2.4 1,449

Alaska

468 315 67.2 300 64.0 15 4.7 154

Arizona

5,288 3,422 64.7 3,294 62.3 128 3.7 1,866

Arkansas

2,118 1,271 60.0 1,226 57.9 45 3.5 848

California

28,631 18,467 64.5 17,616 61.5 851 4.6 10,165

Colorado

4,190 2,979 71.1 2,885 68.9 94 3.1 1,211

Connecticut

2,697 1,794 66.5 1,728 64.1 66 3.7 903

Delaware

735 461 62.7 446 60.7 15 3.3 274

District of Columbia

518 380 73.4 362 69.8 18 4.8 138

Florida

16,597 10,293 62.0 10,020 60.4 273 2.7 6,304

Georgia

7,736 4,956 64.1 4,793 62.0 164 3.3 2,780

Hawaii

999 627 62.7 608 60.9 19 3.0 372

Idaho

1,373 900 65.6 871 63.4 29 3.3 473

Illinois

9,112 6,049 66.4 5,790 63.5 259 4.3 3,064

Indiana

4,803 3,166 65.9 3,057 63.6 109 3.4 1,638

Iowa

2,250 1,562 69.4 1,517 67.5 44 2.8 688

Kansas

2,024 1,412 69.8 1,373 67.8 40 2.8 611

Kentucky

3,162 1,846 58.4 1,768 55.9 78 4.2 1,316

Louisiana

3,137 1,919 61.2 1,849 58.9 71 3.7 1,218

Maine

1,029 633 61.6 616 59.9 18 2.8 395

Maryland

4,400 3,007 68.3 2,927 66.5 80 2.7 1,393

Massachusetts

5,299 3,564 67.3 3,446 65.0 119 3.3 1,735

Michigan

7,321 4,691 64.1 4,514 61.7 177 3.8 2,630

Minnesota

4,108 2,895 70.5 2,814 68.5 81 2.8 1,213

Mississippi

2,013 1,145 56.9 1,111 55.2 34 3.0 868

Missouri

4,350 2,856 65.7 2,771 63.7 85 3.0 1,494

Montana

793 527 66.4 512 64.6 15 2.8 266

Nebraska

1,361 973 71.5 952 70.0 21 2.1 388

Nevada

2,278 1,494 65.6 1,422 62.4 72 4.8 784

New Hampshire

1,037 691 66.7 676 65.2 15 2.2 346

New Jersey

6,886 4,636 67.3 4,420 64.2 216 4.7 2,250

New Mexico

1,477 872 59.1 841 56.9 32 3.6 605

New York

14,661 9,310 63.5 8,915 60.8 394 4.2 5,352

North Carolina

7,644 4,860 63.6 4,702 61.5 158 3.3 2,783

North Dakota

537 385 71.7 377 70.3 8 2.0 152

Ohio

8,356 5,369 64.3 5,197 62.2 172 3.2 2,987

Oklahoma

2,743 1,807 65.9 1,742 63.5 64 3.6 937

Oregon

3,095 1,988 64.2 1,918 62.0 70 3.5 1,107

Pennsylvania

9,489 6,112 64.4 5,927 62.5 185 3.0 3,377

Rhode Island

815 542 66.5 524 64.3 18 3.3 273

South Carolina

3,735 2,260 60.5 2,192 58.7 69 3.0 1,475

South Dakota

628 452 71.9 443 70.6 8 1.8 177

Tennessee

5,007 3,146 62.8 3,044 60.8 102 3.2 1,861

Texas

20,966 14,137 67.4 13,580 64.8 556 3.9 6,829

Utah

2,315 1,663 71.8 1,620 70.0 42 2.5 653

Vermont

491 328 66.9 323 65.7 6 1.8 162

Virginia

5,976 4,100 68.6 3,996 66.9 104 2.5 1,876

Washington

5,607 3,751 66.9 3,602 64.2 150 4.0 1,855

West Virginia

1,266 708 55.9 682 53.8 26 3.7 558

Wisconsin

4,303 2,929 68.1 2,839 66.0 90 3.1 1,374

Wyoming

399 269 67.4 261 65.4 8 2.9 130

NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.


Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex, August 2023, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Presence of disability, reported disability rating,
period of service, and sex
Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in labor
force
Total Percent of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Percent of
labor force

TOTAL
VETERANS

Total

17,879 8,603 48.1 8,268 46.2 335 3.9 9,276

With service-connected disability

5,278 2,632 49.9 2,475 46.9 157 6.0 2,646

Less than 30 percent disability rating

1,054 594 56.3 541 51.3 53 8.9 460

30 to 50 percent disability rating

917 500 54.6 481 52.4 19 3.9 417

60 percent or higher disability rating

2,940 1,362 46.3 1,284 43.7 77 5.7 1,578

Disability rating not reported

367 176 48.1 169 46.0 8 4.3 190

Without service-connected disability

11,742 5,563 47.4 5,390 45.9 173 3.1 6,180

Presence of disability not reported

859 408 47.5 403 46.9 5 1.2 451

Gulf War era, total

Total

8,018 6,174 77.0 5,922 73.9 252 4.1 1,844

With service-connected disability

3,269 2,266 69.3 2,126 65.0 140 6.2 1,003

Less than 30 percent disability rating

530 424 80.0 383 72.2 41 9.7 106

30 to 50 percent disability rating

537 435 81.0 415 77.4 19 4.5 102

60 percent or higher disability rating

2,000 1,268 63.4 1,196 59.8 72 5.7 732

Disability rating not reported

202 139 68.9 132 65.1 8 5.4 63

Without service-connected disability

4,352 3,623 83.2 3,516 80.8 106 2.9 730

Presence of disability not reported

397 285 71.8 280 70.5 5 1.8 112

Gulf War era II

Total

5,106 4,076 79.8 3,881 76.0 196 4.8 1,030

With service-connected disability

2,362 1,724 73.0 1,614 68.3 110 6.4 638

Less than 30 percent disability rating

282 235 83.0 224 79.1 11 4.7 48

30 to 50 percent disability rating

387 330 85.1 310 80.1 19 5.9 58

60 percent or higher disability rating

1,544 1,048 67.9 976 63.2 72 6.9 496

Disability rating not reported

148 112 75.5 104 70.4 8 6.7 36

Without service-connected disability

2,459 2,135 86.8 2,049 83.3 86 4.0 324

Presence of disability not reported

285 218 76.3 218 76.3 - - 68

Gulf War era I

Total

2,912 2,097 72.0 2,041 70.1 56 2.7 814

With service-connected disability

907 543 59.8 512 56.5 30 5.6 365

Less than 30 percent disability rating

247 190 76.6 159 64.3 30 16.0 58

30 to 50 percent disability rating

149 105 70.4 105 70.4 - - 44

60 percent or higher disability rating

457 221 48.3 221 48.3 - - 236

Disability rating not reported

54 27 - 27 - - - 27

Without service-connected disability

1,893 1,487 78.6 1,467 77.5 21 1.4 405

Presence of disability not reported

112 67 60.1 62 55.5 5 - 45

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total

5,941 737 12.4 709 11.9 29 3.9 5,204

With service-connected disability

1,423 151 10.6 146 10.3 5 3.6 1,271

Less than 30 percent disability rating

338 68 20.0 68 20.0 - - 270

30 to 50 percent disability rating

280 30 10.6 30 10.6 - - 250

60 percent or higher disability rating

721 41 5.6 35 4.9 5 - 680

Disability rating not reported

84 14 16.2 14 16.2 - - 70

Without service-connected disability

4,248 563 13.3 540 12.7 23 4.1 3,685

Presence of disability not reported

270 23 8.4 23 8.4 - - 247

Other service periods

Total

3,920 1,692 43.2 1,637 41.8 55 3.3 2,228

With service-connected disability

586 215 36.6 203 34.6 12 5.5 372

Less than 30 percent disability rating

187 102 54.9 91 48.6 12 11.5 84

30 to 50 percent disability rating

100 36 35.8 36 35.8 - - 64

60 percent or higher disability rating

219 53 24.1 53 24.1 - - 166

Disability rating not reported

81 24 29.2 24 29.2 - - 57

Without service-connected disability

3,142 1,377 43.8 1,334 42.5 43 3.1 1,765

Presence of disability not reported

192 100 52.3 100 52.3 - - 91

MEN
VETERANS

Total

15,836 7,491 47.3 7,221 45.6 270 3.6 8,345

With service-connected disability

4,586 2,217 48.3 2,111 46.0 106 4.8 2,369

Less than 30 percent disability rating

952 529 55.6 485 51.0 43 8.2 423

30 to 50 percent disability rating

803 420 52.3 401 49.9 19 4.6 383

60 percent or higher disability rating

2,507 1,116 44.5 1,080 43.1 36 3.2 1,391

Disability rating not reported

325 152 47.0 145 44.6 8 5.0 172

Without service-connected disability

10,473 4,904 46.8 4,745 45.3 159 3.2 5,569

Presence of disability not reported

777 371 47.7 366 47.1 5 1.4 406

Gulf War era, total

Total

6,646 5,244 78.9 5,048 76.0 196 3.7 1,402

With service-connected disability

2,678 1,888 70.5 1,796 67.1 92 4.9 791

Less than 30 percent disability rating

441 366 82.9 331 75.1 34 9.4 75

30 to 50 percent disability rating

446 361 81.0 342 76.6 19 5.4 85

60 percent or higher disability rating

1,607 1,034 64.4 1,004 62.5 30 2.9 573

Disability rating not reported

184 127 68.9 119 64.8 8 6.0 57

Without service-connected disability

3,628 3,103 85.5 3,004 82.8 99 3.2 525

Presence of disability not reported

340 253 74.6 248 73.1 5 2.0 86

Gulf War era II

Total

4,172 3,435 82.3 3,281 78.6 154 4.5 737

With service-connected disability

1,894 1,400 73.9 1,331 70.3 68 4.9 495

Less than 30 percent disability rating

234 201 85.9 190 81.2 11 5.5 33

30 to 50 percent disability rating

314 273 87.1 254 80.9 19 7.1 40

60 percent or higher disability rating

1,211 826 68.2 796 65.7 30 3.7 385

Disability rating not reported

136 100 73.2 92 67.7 8 7.6 36

Without service-connected disability

2,037 1,841 90.4 1,755 86.1 86 4.7 197

Presence of disability not reported

241 195 81.0 195 81.0 - - 46

Gulf War era I

Total

2,474 1,809 73.1 1,767 71.4 42 2.3 665

With service-connected disability

784 488 62.3 465 59.3 23 4.8 296

Less than 30 percent disability rating

207 165 79.5 142 68.3 23 14.1 42

30 to 50 percent disability rating

132 88 66.5 88 66.5 - - 44

60 percent or higher disability rating

396 208 52.5 208 52.5 - - 188

Disability rating not reported

48 27 - 27 - - - 21

Without service-connected disability

1,591 1,262 79.4 1,249 78.5 14 1.1 328

Presence of disability not reported

99 58 59.0 53 53.9 5 - 41

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total

5,689 715 12.6 686 12.1 29 4.0 4,974

With service-connected disability

1,392 147 10.6 142 10.2 5 3.7 1,245

Less than 30 percent disability rating

326 63 19.4 63 19.4 - - 263

30 to 50 percent disability rating

278 30 10.7 30 10.7 - - 248

60 percent or higher disability rating

711 41 5.7 35 5.0 5 - 670

Disability rating not reported

77 14 17.5 14 17.5 - - 64

Without service-connected disability

4,036 545 13.5 521 12.9 23 4.3 3,491

Presence of disability not reported

261 23 8.7 23 8.7 - - 238

Other service periods

Total

3,501 1,532 43.8 1,487 42.5 45 3.0 1,969

With service-connected disability

516 182 35.3 173 33.5 9 5.1 334

Less than 30 percent disability rating

184 100 54.3 91 49.2 9 9.3 84

30 to 50 percent disability rating

79 29 36.9 29 36.9 - - 50

60 percent or higher disability rating

189 41 21.6 41 21.6 - - 148

Disability rating not reported

63 12 - 12 - - - 51

Without service-connected disability

2,809 1,256 44.7 1,220 43.4 36 2.9 1,553

Presence of disability not reported

177 95 53.5 95 53.5 - - 82

WOMEN
VETERANS

Total

2,043 1,112 54.4 1,046 51.2 65 5.9 931

With service-connected disability

692 415 60.1 364 52.7 51 12.3 276

Less than 30 percent disability rating

103 65 63.5 56 54.1 10 - 38

30 to 50 percent disability rating

114 80 70.5 80 70.5 - - 34

60 percent or higher disability rating

433 246 56.9 204 47.3 42 16.9 187

Disability rating not reported

42 24 - 24 - - - 18

Without service-connected disability

1,270 659 51.9 645 50.8 14 2.1 611

Presence of disability not reported

82 37 45.4 37 45.4 - - 45

Gulf War era, total

Total

1,372 929 67.7 874 63.7 56 6.0 443

With service-connected disability

591 379 64.1 330 55.9 49 12.9 212

Without service-connected disability

724 519 71.7 512 70.8 7 1.4 205

Presence of disability not reported

57 31 - 31 - - - 26

Gulf War era II

Total

934 641 68.7 600 64.2 42 6.5 293

With service-connected disability

467 324 69.4 283 60.5 42 12.8 143

Without service-connected disability

422 294 69.7 294 69.7 - - 128

Presence of disability not reported

44 23 - 23 - - - 22

Gulf War era I

Total

438 288 65.8 274 62.6 14 4.9 150

With service-connected disability

123 55 44.2 47 38.4 7 - 69

Without service-connected disability

302 225 74.5 218 72.2 7 3.1 77

Presence of disability not reported

13 9 - 9 - - - 4

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total

252 23 9.0 23 9.0 - - 229

With service-connected disability

30 4 - 4 - - - 26

Without service-connected disability

212 18 8.6 18 8.6 - - 194

Presence of disability not reported

9 - - - - - - 9

Other service periods

Total

419 160 38.1 150 35.8 10 6.0 259

With service-connected disability

70 33 - 30 - 3 - 38

Without service-connected disability

334 122 36.4 115 34.3 7 5.8 212

Presence of disability not reported

15 6 - 6 - - - 9

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this news release. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Table 8. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service, and class of worker, August 2023, not seasonally adjusted
Veteran status, presence of disability, and
period of service
Total
Employed
(thousands)
Percent distribution by class of worker
Total Agriculture
and related
industries
Nonagricultural industries
Total Wage and salary workers(1) Self-
employed,
unincorpo-
rated, and
unpaid
family
workers
Private
sector
Government
Total Federal State and
local

Veterans, total(2)

8,268 100.0 1.4 98.6 69.6 23.5 11.1 12.5 5.4

With service-connected disability

2,475 100.0 1.1 98.9 64.1 31.4 19.0 12.5 3.4

Without service-connected disability

5,390 100.0 1.6 98.4 72.1 20.0 7.9 12.2 6.2

Gulf War era, total(2)

5,922 100.0 0.8 99.2 68.2 26.7 13.4 13.3 4.2

With service-connected disability

2,126 100.0 0.7 99.3 63.7 33.4 20.3 13.2 2.2

Without service-connected disability

3,516 100.0 0.9 99.1 71.1 22.8 10.1 12.7 5.2

Gulf War era II(2)

3,881 100.0 0.9 99.1 67.6 27.9 14.3 13.6 3.6

With service-connected disability

1,614 100.0 0.9 99.1 65.1 32.7 18.6 14.2 1.3

Without service-connected disability

2,049 100.0 1.0 99.0 70.2 23.7 11.8 11.8 5.2

Gulf War era I(2)

2,041 100.0 0.6 99.4 69.4 24.6 11.9 12.8 5.4

With service-connected disability

512 100.0 - 100.0 59.3 35.6 25.5 10.1 5.1

Without service-connected disability

1,467 100.0 0.8 99.2 72.3 21.6 7.6 13.9 5.3

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era(2)

709 100.0 7.0 93.0 65.8 11.1 3.6 7.5 16.1

With service-connected disability

146 100.0 7.2 92.8 74.7 4.2 2.4 1.8 13.9

Without service-connected disability

540 100.0 7.2 92.8 63.2 12.9 4.0 8.9 16.6

Other service periods(2)

1,637 100.0 1.1 98.9 76.2 17.3 5.8 11.5 5.3

With service-connected disability

203 100.0 1.3 98.7 60.7 30.0 17.5 12.5 8.1

Without service-connected disability

1,334 100.0 1.2 98.8 78.5 15.7 3.7 12.0 4.6

Nonveterans

150,651 100.0 1.4 98.6 80.5 12.5 2.2 10.3 5.6

(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this news release. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War-era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2023, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Period of service and Reserve or National Guard
status
Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in labor
force
Total Percent of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Percent of
labor
force

VETERANS

Gulf War era, total

Total

8,018 6,174 77.0 5,922 73.9 252 4.1 1,844

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard

2,809 2,175 77.4 2,090 74.4 86 3.9 634

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard

5,044 3,878 76.9 3,713 73.6 166 4.3 1,166

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

165 120 72.9 120 72.9 - - 45

Gulf War era II

Total

5,106 4,076 79.8 3,881 76.0 196 4.8 1,030

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard

1,674 1,385 82.7 1,327 79.2 59 4.2 289

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard

3,314 2,605 78.6 2,468 74.5 137 5.3 709

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

118 87 73.3 87 73.3 - - 32

Gulf War era I

Total

2,912 2,097 72.0 2,041 70.1 56 2.7 814

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard

1,135 790 69.6 763 67.2 27 3.5 345

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard

1,730 1,274 73.6 1,245 72.0 29 2.2 456

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

46 33 - 33 - - - 13

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present) and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2023, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Period of service and location Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in labor
force
Total Percent of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Number Rate

Total, Gulf War-era II veterans

5,106 4,076 79.8 3,881 76.0 196 4.8 1,030

Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both(1)

2,009 1,600 79.7 1,524 75.9 76 4.8 408

Served in Iraq(2)

1,578 1,252 79.4 1,179 74.7 74 5.9 326

Served in Afghanistan(3)

1,029 802 78.0 781 75.9 21 2.6 227

Served in both locations(4)

598 454 76.0 435 72.8 19 4.1 144

Served elsewhere

3,098 2,476 79.9 2,357 76.1 120 4.8 621

(1) Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also includes veterans who served in both countries.
(2) Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan.
(3) Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq.
(4) Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Last Modified Date: March 20, 2024