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Economic News Release
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Employment Situation of Veterans News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, March 22, 2018                       USDL-18-0453

Technical information: (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                            EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS -- 2017


The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces
at any time since September 2001--a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans--
edged down to 4.5 percent in 2017, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today.
The jobless rate for all veterans declined from 4.3 percent to 3.7 percent in 2017.
About 41 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans had a service-connected disability in
August 2017, compared with 24 percent of all veterans.

This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly
sample survey of about 60,000 households that provides data on employment and
unemployment in the United States. Data about veterans are collected monthly in the
CPS; these monthly data are the source of the 2017 annual averages presented in this
news release. In August 2017, a supplement to the CPS collected additional information
about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability and veterans' current or
past Reserve or National Guard membership. Information from the supplement is also
presented in this release. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of
Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and
Training Service. For more information, see the Technical Note, which provides
definitions of terms used in this release.

Highlights from the 2017 data:

   --The unemployment rate for male veterans (3.6 percent) declined over the year,
     and the rate for female veterans (4.1 percent) changed little in 2017. The
     unemployment rate for male veterans was not statistically different from the
     rate for female veterans. (See table A.)

   --Among the 370,000 unemployed veterans in 2017, 59 percent were age 25 to 54,
     37 percent were age 55 and over, and 4 percent were age 18 to 24. (See
     table 2A.)

   --Veterans with a service-connected disability had an unemployment rate of 4.3
     percent in August 2017, little different from veterans with no disability
     (4.5 percent). (See table 7.)

   --About 1 in 3 employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked in
     the public sector in August 2017, compared with about 1 in 5 veterans with no
     disability. (See table 8.)

   --In 2017, the unemployment rate of veterans varied across the country, ranging
     from 1.7 percent in Maine and Vermont to 7.3 percent in Rhode Island. (See
     table 6A.)

The Veteran Population

In 2017, 20.4 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 8 percent of
the civilian noninstitutional population age 18 and over. About 10 percent of all
veterans were women. In the survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have
previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at
the time these data were collected. Veterans are more likely to be men than were
nonveterans, and they also tend to be older. In part, this reflects the characteristics
of veterans who served during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era, all
of whom are now over 60 years old. Veterans who served during these wartime periods
accounted for 39 percent (8.1 million) of the total veteran population in 2017.
Thirty-six percent of veterans (7.4 million) served during Gulf War era I (August 1990
to August 2001) or Gulf War era II (September 2001 forward). About a quarter (4.9
million) served outside the designated wartime periods. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

Gulf War-era II Veterans

In 2017, there were 4.1 million veterans who had served during Gulf War era II
(September 2001 forward). Seventeen percent of these veterans were women, compared 
with about 4 percent of veterans from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam
era. Seventy percent of all Gulf War-era II veterans were between the ages of 25 and
44. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for men was not statistically
different from the rate for women in 2017. The unemployment rate for men edged down
to 4.3 percent in 2017. The rate for women, at 5.5 percent, was essentially unchanged
from the prior year. (See table A.)

In 2017, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans, at 4.3 percent, was
the same as the rate for male nonveterans. Among men age 25 to 34, Gulf War-era II
veterans had a higher unemployment rate (6.0 percent) than did nonveterans (4.5
percent). Among men age 45 to 54, however, Gulf War-era II veterans had a lower
unemployment rate (1.5 percent) than did nonveterans (3.1 percent). (See table 2B.)

Among women, the unemployment rate for Gulf War-era II veterans (5.5 percent) was
higher than the rate for nonveterans (4.1 percent) in 2017. By age, unemployment
rates for female veterans and nonveterans were similar, with one exception: 25- to
34-year-old female veterans had a rate of 8.0 percent, higher than the rate of 4.5
percent for their nonveteran counterparts. (See table 2C.)

Employed Gulf War-era II veterans were about twice as likely to work in the public
sector in 2017 as employed nonveterans--27 percent and 13 percent, respectively.
Among the employed, 15 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans worked for the federal
government, compared with 2 percent of nonveterans. (See table 5.)

In August 2017, 47 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq,
Afghanistan, or both locations. These veterans had an unemployment rate of 4.4
percent, little different from Gulf War-era II veterans who served elsewhere
(4.5 percent). (See table 10.)

Gulf War-era I Veterans

Of the 3.3 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August
2001), the proportion who were women (15 percent in 2017) was similar to that of
Gulf War-era II veterans (17 percent). Nearly all (99 percent) Gulf War-era I
veterans were age 35 and over in 2017, compared with 54 percent of Gulf War-era II
veterans. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

In 2017, the unemployment rates for male and female Gulf War-era I veterans were
3.0 percent and 3.4 percent, respectively, lower than the rates for their Gulf
War-era II veteran counterparts (4.3 percent and 5.5 percent). The difference in
unemployment rates reflects, at least in part, the older age profile of veterans who
served during Gulf War era I. Younger people--whether veterans or nonveterans--tend
to have higher unemployment rates than older people. (See tables 2B and 2C.)

Veterans of Other Service Periods

In 2017, 4.9 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service
periods," mainly between the Korean War and the Vietnam era and between the Vietnam
era and Gulf War era I. All veterans from this period of service were 45 years or
older at the time of the survey. Twenty-two percent of these veterans were age 45
to 54 in 2017, another 39 percent were age 55 to 64, and another 39 percent were
age 65 and over. (See table 2A.)

In 2017, 1 in 10 veterans of other service periods were women. Among veterans of
other service periods, the unemployment rate for men (3.2 percent) was little
different than the rate for women (2.7 percent). (See table 1.)

Veterans with a Service-connected Disability

In August 2017, about 4.9 million veterans, or 24 percent of the total, had a service-
connected disability. Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a
disability rating by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of
Defense. Ratings range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points,
depending on the severity of the condition. (See table 7.)

The unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability was 4.3 percent
in August 2017, little different than the rate for veterans with no disability (4.5
percent). The labor force participation rate for veterans with a service-connected
disability (48.4 percent) was not statistically different than the rate for veterans
with no disability (49.2 percent).

Among veterans with a service-connected disability, 28 percent reported a disability
rating of less than 30 percent, while another 41 percent had a rating of 60 percent
or higher. In August 2017, veterans with a service-connected disability rating of
less than 30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with
a rating of 60 percent or higher (53.5 percent and 37.7 percent, respectively). The
unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 percent was
3.3 percent, not statistically different than for those with a disability rating of
60 percent or higher (4.8 percent).

Among veterans who served during Gulf War era II, 41 percent (1.7 million) reported
a service-connected disability and nearly half of these veterans had a service-
connected disability rating of 60 percent or higher. In August 2017, 75.8 percent of
all Gulf War era II veterans with a service-connected disability were in the labor
force, lower than the 85.5 percent for veterans from this period with no service-
connected disability. Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for
those with a service-connected disability was 3.9 percent, not statistically
different from those with no disability (4.8 percent).

In August 2017, 28 percent (946,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War era I
reported a service-connected disability. Their labor force participation rate was
lower (65.6 percent) than the rate for veterans from the era who did not have a
disability (85.9 percent). The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans with a
service-connected disability (4.3 percent) was not statistically different than that
for Gulf War-era I veterans without a service-connected disability (2.8 percent).

Among the 1.7 million veterans with a service-connected disability from World War II,
the Korean War, and the Vietnam era, 15.4 percent were in the labor force in August
2017, lower than the 23.1 percent of veterans from these periods who did not have a
service-connected disability. The unemployment rate of veterans from these wartime
periods with a service-connected disability was 3.9 percent, lower than their
counterparts with no disability (7.9 percent).

Thirteen percent (633,000) of veterans who served during other service periods reported
a service-connected disability in August 2017. The labor force participation rate of
these veterans (38.6 percent) was lower than their counterparts without a service-
connected disability (48.3 percent), while the unemployment rate was not statistically
different for veterans with a service-connected disability (6.7 percent) and those with
no disability (3.6 percent).

Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability
worked in the public sector. In August 2017, 33 percent of employed veterans with a
disability worked in federal, state, or local government, compared with 19 percent of
veterans with no disability and 13 percent of nonveterans. Nineteen percent of employed
veterans with a disability worked for the federal government, compared with 7 percent
of veterans with no disability and 2 percent of nonveterans. (See table 8.)

Reserve and National Guard Membership

In August 2017, about one-third of Gulf War-era veterans (August 1990 to present) were
current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard. Labor force participation
rates were higher for veterans who were current or past members of the Reserve or
National Guard (82.4 percent), compared with veterans who were never members (79.4
percent). Among Gulf War-era veterans, those who were current or past members of the
Reserve or National Guard had a lower unemployment rate than those who had never been
members (2.5 percent and 4.5 percent, respectively). (See table 9.)


   _____________________________________________________________________________
  |                                                                             |
  |                Adjustments to Veteran Population Estimates                  |
  |                                                                             |
  |Effective with data for November 2017, estimates for veterans incorporate    |
  |population controls derived from an updated Department of Veterans Affairs   |
  |population model. In accordance with usual practice, BLS did not revise      |
  |estimates for previous years. Information about the updated veteran          |
  |population model is available from the Department of Veterans Affairs at     |
  |www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/Demographics/New_Vetpop_Model/Vetpop16_Overview.pdf. |
  |_____________________________________________________________________________|




Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, 2016-2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status and period of service 2016 2017
Total Men Women Total Men Women

TOTAL VETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population

20,895 18,881 2,014 20,387 18,387 2,000

Civilian labor force

10,581 9,334 1,247 10,125 8,934 1,191

Participation rate

50.6 49.4 61.9 49.7 48.6 59.6

Employed

10,129 8,944 1,184 9,755 8,613 1,142

Employment-population ratio

48.5 47.4 58.8 47.8 46.8 57.1

Unemployed

453 390 63 370 321 49

Unemployment rate

4.3 4.2 5.0 3.7 3.6 4.1

Not in labor force

10,314 9,547 767 10,262 9,454 808

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,896 3,207 689 4,116 3,400 716

Civilian labor force

3,174 2,666 508 3,318 2,819 498

Participation rate

81.5 83.1 73.7 80.6 82.9 69.6

Employed

3,013 2,533 480 3,169 2,698 471

Employment-population ratio

77.3 79.0 69.6 77.0 79.4 65.7

Unemployed

161 133 28 149 121 28

Unemployment rate

5.1 5.0 5.6 4.5 4.3 5.5

Not in labor force

722 541 181 798 580 218

NONVETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population

223,649 99,107 124,541 225,619 100,301 125,318

Civilian labor force

146,479 74,393 72,086 147,957 75,154 72,803

Participation rate

65.5 75.1 57.9 65.6 74.9 58.1

Employed

139,560 70,799 68,761 141,692 71,907 69,785

Employment-population ratio

62.4 71.4 55.2 62.8 71.7 55.7

Unemployed

6,919 3,594 3,325 6,265 3,248 3,018

Unemployment rate

4.7 4.8 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.1

Not in labor force

77,170 24,714 52,455 77,662 25,147 52,515

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.


Technical Note

   The data in this release were collected through the Current Population Survey
(CPS). The CPS--a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by
the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics--obtains information
on employment and unemployment among the nation's civilian noninstitutional
population age 16 and over.

   Most of the data in this release are annual averages for 2017, compiled from the
results of the monthly survey. In August 2017, a supplement to the CPS collected
additional information about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability,
veterans' Reserve or National Guard status, and veterans who served in Iraq and/or
Afghanistan. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans
Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training
Service. Questions were asked of persons 17 years of age and older regarding their
prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data are tabulated for persons 18 years of
age and older.

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals
upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Definitions

   The definitions underlying the data in this release are as follows:

   Veterans are men and women who previously served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time they were surveyed. Members of
the Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been
called  to active duty. Persons who are on active duty at the time of the survey
are outside the scope of the survey and thus not in the estimates shown here, as
are persons who reside in institutions, such as nursing homes and prisons.

   Nonveterans are men and women who never served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces.

   World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf War-era veterans are men and
women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during these periods of service,
regardless of where in the world they served. Veterans who served in more than
one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.

   Veterans of other service periods are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed
Forces at any time other than World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or
the Gulf War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged in several armed conflicts
during other service periods, these conflicts were more limited in scope and included
a smaller proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime periods. Veterans
who served during one of the selected wartime periods and during another period are
classified in the wartime period.

   Veteran status is obtained from responses to the question, "Did you ever serve
on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?"

   Period of service identifies when a veteran served in the Armed Forces, but 
not the location of their service. It is obtained from answers to the question 
asked of veterans, "When did you serve on active duty in the  U.S. Armed Forces?"

   The following service periods are identified:

      Gulf War era II -- September 2001-present
      Gulf War era I  -- August 1990-August 2001
      Vietnam era     -- August 1964-April 1975
      Korean War      -- July 1950-January 1955
      World War II    -- December 1941-December 1946
      Other service periods -- All other time periods

   Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service.
Veterans are counted only in one period of service, their most recent wartime period.
Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent
one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are
classified in the wartime period. The period-of-service definitions are modified
occasionally to reflect changes in law, regulations, and program needs of the survey
sponsors.

   Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are individuals who served in
Iraq at any time since March 2003, in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001,
or in both locations. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan is determined by answers to
two questions: "Did you serve in Iraq, off the coast of Iraq, or did you fly missions
over Iraq at any time since March 2003?" and "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or
did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time since October 2001?"

   Presence of service-connected disability is determined by answers to the question,
"Has the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) or Department of Defense (DoD) determined
that you have a service-connected disability, that is, a health condition or
impairment caused or made worse by any of your military service?"

   Service-connected disability rating is based on answers to the question, "What
is your current service-connected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to
100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings are determined by the
VA or DoD from a rating schedule published in the Code of Federal Regulations,
Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4--"Schedule for Rating
Disabilities." The rating schedule is "primarily a guide in the evaluation of 
disability resulting from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a result
of or incident to military service. The percentage ratings represent as far as can
practicably be determined the average impairment in earning capacity resulting from
such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in civil occupations." 
Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of
0 through 100 percent, with instructions for rating multiple disorders.

   Reserve and National Guard membership refers only to Gulf War-era veterans who are
current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard. Members of the Reserve and
National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been called to active duty.
These data do not refer to all persons who may have ever served in the Reserve or 
National Guard. Reserve or National Guard status is obtained from answers to two 
questions. Gulf War-era veterans were asked: "Was any of your active service the 
result of a call-up from the Reserve or National Guard?" If the answer was no, they
were  asked, "Have you ever been a member of the Reserve or National Guard?" A 'yes'
response to either question classified persons as "Current or past member of the 
Reserve or National Guard." A 'no' response to the latter question classified
persons as "Never a member of the Reserve or National Guard."

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that
the sample estimates will differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as
sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on
a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population
value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent
level of confidence.

   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur
for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, the
inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, the inability or
unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the
collection or processing of the data.

   Information about the reliability of national data from the CPS and estimating
standard errors is available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

   For a discussion of the reliability of state estimates from the CPS, such as those
in tables 6A and 6B of this release, see www.bls.gov/opub/gp/gpapndb.htm.

Comparability of estimates

   Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement shown
in tables 7 through 10 of this release reflect a change in the weighting methodology.
As a result of this change, for August 2015 and later years, the estimates of the
number of veterans with a service-connected disability, veteran Reserve or National
Guard members, and veterans who served in Iraq or Afghanistan were higher than in
previous years. The supplement data presented in this release are not strictly
comparable with data for years before 2015 due to the change. See the note in the
Employment Situation of Veterans 2015 news release for more information about the
change in weighting methodology (www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/vet_03222016.pdf).




Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, period of service,
sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of
population
Total Percent
of
labor force

TOTAL

Total, 18 years and over

246,006 158,082 64.3 151,447 61.6 6,635 4.2 87,924

Veterans

20,387 10,125 49.7 9,755 47.8 370 3.7 10,262

Gulf War era, total

7,394 5,903 79.8 5,675 76.8 228 3.9 1,491

Gulf War era II

4,116 3,318 80.6 3,169 77.0 149 4.5 798

Gulf War era I

3,279 2,585 78.9 2,507 76.4 79 3.1 693

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

8,052 1,818 22.6 1,751 21.7 67 3.7 6,234

Other service periods

4,941 2,404 48.7 2,329 47.1 75 3.1 2,537

Nonveterans

225,619 147,957 65.6 141,692 62.8 6,265 4.2 77,662

Men

Total, 18 years and over

118,688 84,088 70.8 80,520 67.8 3,568 4.2 34,600

Veterans

18,387 8,934 48.6 8,613 46.8 321 3.6 9,454

Gulf War era, total

6,175 5,035 81.5 4,848 78.5 188 3.7 1,139

Gulf War era II

3,400 2,819 82.9 2,698 79.4 121 4.3 580

Gulf War era I

2,775 2,216 79.9 2,150 77.5 66 3.0 559

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

7,764 1,758 22.6 1,693 21.8 66 3.7 6,006

Other service periods

4,449 2,140 48.1 2,073 46.6 68 3.2 2,309

Nonveterans

100,301 75,154 74.9 71,907 71.7 3,248 4.3 25,147

Women

Total, 18 years and over

127,318 73,994 58.1 70,927 55.7 3,067 4.1 53,323

Veterans

2,000 1,191 59.6 1,142 57.1 49 4.1 808

Gulf War era, total

1,220 868 71.2 828 67.9 40 4.6 352

Gulf War era II

716 498 69.6 471 65.7 28 5.5 218

Gulf War era I

504 370 73.4 357 70.9 13 3.4 134

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

288 60 20.8 58 20.2 2 2.8 228

Other service periods

492 264 53.6 256 52.1 7 2.7 228

Nonveterans

125,318 72,803 58.1 69,785 55.7 3,018 4.1 52,515

White

Total, 18 years and over

192,255 123,175 64.1 118,657 61.7 4,518 3.7 69,080

Veterans

16,867 8,122 48.2 7,846 46.5 276 3.4 8,745

Gulf War era, total

5,618 4,532 80.7 4,372 77.8 159 3.5 1,087

Gulf War era II

3,133 2,541 81.1 2,438 77.8 103 4.1 592

Gulf War era I

2,485 1,990 80.1 1,934 77.8 56 2.8 494

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

7,100 1,606 22.6 1,546 21.8 60 3.8 5,494

Other service periods

4,148 1,984 47.8 1,928 46.5 56 2.8 2,164

Nonveterans

175,388 115,053 65.6 110,810 63.2 4,243 3.7 60,336

Black or African American

Total, 18 years and over

30,970 19,900 64.3 18,459 59.6 1,442 7.2 11,070

Veterans

2,587 1,465 56.6 1,390 53.7 75 5.1 1,122

Gulf War era, total

1,286 991 77.1 937 72.9 54 5.5 295

Gulf War era II

709 559 78.9 523 73.7 37 6.5 150

Gulf War era I

577 432 74.9 414 71.8 18 4.1 145

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

684 146 21.3 141 20.6 4 3.0 538

Other service periods

617 328 53.2 312 50.5 16 5.0 289

Nonveterans

28,383 18,435 65.0 17,068 60.1 1,367 7.4 9,948

Asian

Total, 18 years and over

14,804 9,641 65.1 9,316 62.9 325 3.4 5,163

Veterans

336 202 60.1 199 59.1 3 1.6 134

Gulf War era, total

185 149 80.4 147 79.3 2 1.3 36

Gulf War era II

108 88 81.3 86 80.0 1 1.6 20

Gulf War era I

78 61 79.1 61 78.4 1 0.9 16

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

91 20 22.0 20 21.7 0 - 71

Other service periods

60 33 55.3 32 53.8 1 - 27

Nonveterans

14,468 9,439 65.2 9,117 63.0 321 3.4 5,029

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 18 years and over

39,190 26,836 68.5 25,514 65.1 1,321 4.9 12,355

Veterans

1,459 916 62.8 881 60.4 35 3.8 543

Gulf War era, total

798 642 80.4 619 77.5 23 3.6 156

Gulf War era II

527 420 79.7 403 76.5 17 4.0 107

Gulf War era I

270 222 81.9 215 79.5 6 2.9 49

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

374 103 27.5 99 26.4 4 4.0 271

Other service periods

287 171 59.7 164 57.1 8 4.4 116

Nonveterans

37,732 25,919 68.7 24,633 65.3 1,287 5.0 11,812

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Percent of
labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over

20,387 10,125 49.7 9,755 47.8 370 3.7 10,262

18 to 24 years

231 187 81.0 172 74.6 15 7.9 44

25 to 34 years

1,704 1,385 81.3 1,297 76.1 88 6.4 319

35 to 44 years

2,226 1,903 85.5 1,843 82.8 60 3.2 323

45 to 54 years

3,142 2,612 83.1 2,541 80.9 71 2.7 530

55 to 64 years

3,647 2,264 62.1 2,193 60.1 72 3.2 1,383

65 years and over

9,437 1,773 18.8 1,709 18.1 64 3.6 7,663

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over

7,394 5,903 79.8 5,675 76.8 228 3.9 1,491

18 to 24 years

231 187 81.0 172 74.6 15 7.9 44

25 to 34 years

1,704 1,385 81.3 1,297 76.1 88 6.4 319

35 to 44 years

2,226 1,903 85.5 1,843 82.8 60 3.2 323

45 to 54 years

2,058 1,731 84.1 1,685 81.8 47 2.7 327

55 to 64 years

872 614 70.4 598 68.6 16 2.6 258

65 years and over

303 83 27.3 80 26.6 2 2.8 220

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over

4,116 3,318 80.6 3,169 77.0 149 4.5 798

18 to 24 years

231 187 81.0 172 74.6 15 7.9 44

25 to 34 years

1,678 1,364 81.3 1,278 76.2 86 6.3 314

35 to 44 years

1,189 984 82.7 952 80.1 32 3.2 205

45 to 54 years

634 529 83.5 520 82.0 9 1.8 104

55 to 64 years

305 228 74.8 222 72.9 6 2.5 77

65 years and over

79 25 32.1 25 31.1 1 - 54

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over

3,279 2,585 78.9 2,507 76.4 79 3.1 693

25 to 34 years

26 20 - 19 - 2 - 5

35 to 44 years

1,037 920 88.7 891 85.9 28 3.1 118

45 to 54 years

1,425 1,202 84.4 1,165 81.7 37 3.1 223

55 to 64 years

567 386 68.0 376 66.2 10 2.6 182

65 years and over

224 57 25.7 56 24.9 2 2.7 166

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over

8,052 1,818 22.6 1,751 21.7 67 3.7 6,234

55 to 64 years

860 400 46.5 386 44.9 14 3.4 460

65 years and over

7,192 1,418 19.7 1,364 19.0 53 3.8 5,774

Other service periods

Total, 35 years and over

4,941 2,404 48.7 2,329 47.1 75 3.1 2,537

35 to 44 years

0 0 - 0 - 0 - 0

45 to 54 years

1,084 881 81.3 857 79.1 24 2.7 203

55 to 64 years

1,915 1,250 65.3 1,208 63.1 42 3.4 664

65 years and over

1,943 273 14.0 264 13.6 9 3.1 1,670

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over

225,619 147,957 65.6 141,692 62.8 6,265 4.2 77,662

18 to 24 years

28,846 18,736 65.0 17,143 59.4 1,593 8.5 10,110

25 to 34 years

42,255 34,701 82.1 33,142 78.4 1,559 4.5 7,554

35 to 44 years

37,726 31,131 82.5 30,048 79.6 1,082 3.5 6,595

45 to 54 years

38,645 30,951 80.1 29,962 77.5 990 3.2 7,694

55 to 64 years

38,046 24,637 64.8 23,872 62.7 765 3.1 13,409

65 years and over

40,102 7,801 19.5 7,525 18.8 276 3.5 32,301

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Percent of
labor force

VETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over

18,387 8,934 48.6 8,613 46.8 321 3.6 9,454

18 to 24 years

183 157 85.6 144 78.4 13 8.4 26

25 to 34 years

1,396 1,167 83.6 1,096 78.5 71 6.1 229

35 to 44 years

1,825 1,606 88.0 1,556 85.2 50 3.1 219

45 to 54 years

2,675 2,259 84.5 2,199 82.2 60 2.7 416

55 to 64 years

3,236 2,028 62.7 1,964 60.7 64 3.2 1,208

65 years and over

9,072 1,716 18.9 1,653 18.2 62 3.6 7,356

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over

6,175 5,035 81.5 4,848 78.5 188 3.7 1,139

18 to 24 years

183 157 85.6 144 78.4 13 8.4 26

25 to 34 years

1,396 1,167 83.6 1,096 78.5 71 6.1 229

35 to 44 years

1,825 1,606 88.0 1,556 85.2 50 3.1 219

45 to 54 years

1,743 1,494 85.7 1,456 83.5 38 2.5 249

55 to 64 years

755 538 71.3 525 69.5 13 2.5 217

65 years and over

272 73 26.9 71 26.1 2 3.0 199

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over

3,400 2,819 82.9 2,698 79.4 121 4.3 580

18 to 24 years

183 157 85.6 144 78.4 13 8.4 26

25 to 34 years

1,377 1,151 83.6 1,082 78.6 69 6.0 225

35 to 44 years

965 831 86.1 804 83.3 27 3.3 134

45 to 54 years

542 461 85.0 454 83.7 7 1.5 81

55 to 64 years

262 197 75.2 193 73.6 4 2.1 65

65 years and over

70 22 31.6 22 30.7 1 - 48

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over

2,775 2,216 79.9 2,150 77.5 66 3.0 559

25 to 34 years

19 16 - 14 - 2 - 3

35 to 44 years

860 775 90.1 752 87.4 23 3.0 85

45 to 54 years

1,201 1,033 86.0 1,002 83.4 31 3.0 168

55 to 64 years

493 341 69.2 332 67.3 9 2.7 152

65 years and over

202 51 25.2 49 24.5 2 3.1 151

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over

7,764 1,758 22.6 1,693 21.8 66 3.7 6,006

55 to 64 years

805 378 47.0 365 45.3 13 3.5 427

65 years and over

6,959 1,380 19.8 1,327 19.1 52 3.8 5,579

Other service periods

Total, 35 years and over

4,449 2,140 48.1 2,073 46.6 68 3.2 2,309

35 to 44 years

0 0 - 0 - 0 - 0

45 to 54 years

932 766 82.2 743 79.8 22 2.9 166

55 to 64 years

1,676 1,112 66.3 1,074 64.1 37 3.4 564

65 years and over

1,841 263 14.3 255 13.8 8 3.0 1,578

NONVETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over

100,301 75,154 74.9 71,907 71.7 3,248 4.3 25,147

18 to 24 years

14,449 9,674 66.9 8,738 60.5 936 9.7 4,775

25 to 34 years

20,424 18,206 89.1 17,394 85.2 813 4.5 2,217

35 to 44 years

17,772 16,170 91.0 15,646 88.0 524 3.2 1,602

45 to 54 years

17,759 15,403 86.7 14,926 84.0 476 3.1 2,357

55 to 64 years

16,820 12,130 72.1 11,746 69.8 384 3.2 4,690

65 years and over

13,077 3,571 27.3 3,457 26.4 114 3.2 9,506

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Percent of
labor force

VETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over

2,000 1,191 59.6 1,142 57.1 49 4.1 808

18 to 24 years

48 30 63.5 29 60.0 2 - 17

25 to 34 years

308 218 70.7 200 65.1 17 7.9 90

35 to 44 years

401 297 74.0 287 71.6 10 3.2 104

45 to 54 years

467 353 75.5 342 73.2 11 3.0 114

55 to 64 years

411 236 57.4 228 55.5 8 3.3 175

65 years and over

365 58 15.8 56 15.3 2 3.6 307

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over

1,220 868 71.2 828 67.9 40 4.6 352

18 to 24 years

48 30 63.5 29 60.0 2 - 17

25 to 34 years

308 218 70.7 200 65.1 17 7.9 90

35 to 44 years

401 297 74.0 287 71.6 10 3.2 104

45 to 54 years

316 238 75.3 229 72.5 9 3.8 78

55 to 64 years

117 76 64.8 73 62.5 3 3.5 41

65 years and over

30 10 - 9 - 0 - 21

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over

716 498 69.6 471 65.7 28 5.5 218

18 to 24 years

48 30 63.5 29 60.0 2 - 17

25 to 34 years

301 213 70.7 196 65.0 17 8.0 88

35 to 44 years

224 152 68.1 148 66.0 5 3.1 71

45 to 54 years

91 68 74.8 66 72.2 2 3.6 23

55 to 64 years

43 31 - 30 - 2 - 12

65 years and over

9 3 - 3 - 0 - 6

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over

504 370 73.4 357 70.9 13 3.4 134

25 to 34 years

7 5 - 5 - 0 - 2

35 to 44 years

177 144 81.6 139 78.8 5 3.4 33

45 to 54 years

224 169 75.5 163 72.6 6 3.8 55

55 to 64 years

74 45 60.2 44 58.8 1 2.4 30

65 years and over

22 6 - 6 - 0 - 15

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over

288 60 20.8 58 20.2 2 2.8 228

55 to 64 years

55 22 39.0 21 38.3 0 - 34

65 years and over

233 38 16.4 37 15.9 1 3.4 195

Other service periods

Total, 35 years and over

492 264 53.6 256 52.1 7 2.7 228

35 to 44 years

0 0 - 0 - 0 - 0

45 to 54 years

151 115 75.9 113 74.8 2 1.5 36

55 to 64 years

239 139 58.0 134 56.0 5 3.5 100

65 years and over

102 10 9.8 9 9.2 1 - 92

NONVETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over

125,318 72,803 58.1 69,785 55.7 3,018 4.1 52,515

18 to 24 years

14,397 9,062 62.9 8,405 58.4 657 7.2 5,335

25 to 34 years

21,831 16,494 75.6 15,748 72.1 746 4.5 5,337

35 to 44 years

19,954 14,960 75.0 14,402 72.2 558 3.7 4,993

45 to 54 years

20,885 15,549 74.4 15,035 72.0 513 3.3 5,337

55 to 64 years

21,226 12,507 58.9 12,126 57.1 381 3.0 8,719

65 years and over

27,025 4,230 15.7 4,068 15.1 162 3.8 22,795

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational attainment, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status,
period of service, and educational attainment
Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of
population
Total Percent
of
labor force

VETERANS

Total, 25 years and over

20,156 9,938 49.3 9,583 47.5 355 3.6 10,218

Less than a high school diploma

876 187 21.3 173 19.8 13 7.0 689

High school graduates, no college

5,890 2,566 43.6 2,467 41.9 99 3.9 3,323

Some college or associate degree

7,026 3,665 52.2 3,514 50.0 151 4.1 3,361

Bachelor's degree and higher

6,365 3,520 55.3 3,428 53.9 92 2.6 2,845

Gulf War era, total

Total, 25 years and over

7,163 5,716 79.8 5,503 76.8 213 3.7 1,447

Less than a high school diploma

88 54 61.5 50 57.2 4 7.0 34

High school graduates, no college

1,578 1,257 79.7 1,200 76.0 57 4.6 321

Some college or associate degree

2,884 2,221 77.0 2,123 73.6 98 4.4 664

Bachelor's degree and higher

2,613 2,184 83.6 2,130 81.5 54 2.5 429

Gulf War era II

Total, 25 years and over

3,885 3,131 80.6 2,997 77.1 134 4.3 754

Less than a high school diploma

48 27 56.5 25 51.2 3 - 21

High school graduates, no college

799 654 81.9 616 77.1 38 5.9 144

Some college or associate degree

1,614 1,220 75.6 1,158 71.7 62 5.1 394

Bachelor's degree and higher

1,423 1,229 86.3 1,198 84.2 31 2.5 195

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over

3,279 2,585 78.9 2,507 76.4 79 3.1 693

Less than a high school diploma

40 27 67.6 26 64.5 1 - 13

High school graduates, no college

779 603 77.4 584 74.9 19 3.2 176

Some college or associate degree

1,270 1,000 78.8 965 76.0 35 3.5 269

Bachelor's degree and higher

1,190 955 80.3 932 78.3 23 2.4 234

WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 25 years and over

8,052 1,818 22.6 1,751 21.7 67 3.7 6,234

Less than a high school diploma

509 62 12.3 58 11.4 4 7.0 447

High school graduates, no college

2,547 499 19.6 480 18.9 19 3.8 2,047

Some college or associate degree

2,528 584 23.1 558 22.1 26 4.4 1,944

Bachelor's degree and higher

2,469 673 27.2 654 26.5 18 2.7 1,796

Other service periods

Total, 25 years and over

4,941 2,404 48.7 2,329 47.1 75 3.1 2,537

Less than a high school diploma

279 70 25.1 65 23.4 5 7.0 209

High school graduates, no college

1,765 810 45.9 787 44.6 23 2.8 955

Some college or associate degree

1,614 861 53.3 833 51.6 27 3.2 754

Bachelor's degree and higher

1,283 664 51.7 644 50.2 20 3.0 619

NONVETERANS

Total, 25 years and over

196,773 129,221 65.7 124,549 63.3 4,673 3.6 67,552

Less than a high school diploma

21,596 10,040 46.5 9,386 43.5 654 6.5 11,556

High school graduates, no college

56,169 33,229 59.2 31,669 56.4 1,560 4.7 22,940

Some college or associate degree

50,520 34,232 67.8 32,958 65.2 1,274 3.7 16,288

Bachelor's degree and higher

68,489 51,721 75.5 50,536 73.8 1,185 2.3 16,768

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2017 annual averages [Percent distribution]
Occupation and sex Veterans Non-
veterans
Total Gulf War era WW II,
Korean
War, and
Vietnam
era
Other
service
periods
Total Gulf War
era II
Gulf War
era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)

9,755 5,675 3,169 2,507 1,751 2,329 141,692

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations

39.4 39.9 38.8 41.2 41.4 36.7 40.2

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

19.3 18.2 17.6 18.9 23.8 18.5 16.6

Professional and related occupations

20.1 21.7 21.2 22.3 17.6 18.2 23.6

Service occupations

13.9 15.1 16.1 13.8 10.7 13.4 17.3

Sales and office occupations

16.8 17.0 16.8 17.3 18.2 15.1 22.1

Sales and related occupations

8.6 7.8 7.5 8.1 11.8 8.1 10.2

Office and administrative support occupations

8.2 9.2 9.3 9.2 6.4 7.0 11.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

13.6 13.6 14.8 12.1 12.4 14.3 9.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.6 0.8

Construction and extraction occupations

5.8 5.3 5.7 4.8 6.0 6.7 5.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

7.3 7.9 8.8 6.9 5.5 7.1 3.0

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

16.4 14.4 13.5 15.6 17.3 20.5 11.4

Production occupations

6.2 6.0 5.5 6.6 5.3 7.6 5.5

Transportation and material moving occupations

10.2 8.4 8.0 9.0 12.1 12.9 5.9

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)

8,613 4,848 2,698 2,150 1,693 2,073 71,907

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations

38.1 38.3 37.2 39.6 41.0 35.4 36.4

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

19.3 18.1 17.3 19.0 23.8 18.6 17.4

Professional and related occupations

18.8 20.2 20.0 20.6 17.2 16.8 18.9

Service occupations

13.7 14.9 15.7 13.9 10.8 13.2 14.0

Sales and office occupations

15.2 15.0 14.8 15.1 17.6 13.6 15.9

Sales and related occupations

8.5 7.7 7.4 8.0 11.8 7.9 9.9

Office and administrative support occupations

6.6 7.3 7.4 7.1 5.9 5.8 6.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

15.2 15.8 17.3 13.9 12.9 15.8 16.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.6 1.1

Construction and extraction occupations

6.5 6.2 6.6 5.6 6.2 7.4 9.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

8.2 9.2 10.2 7.8 5.7 7.8 5.7

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

17.8 16.1 14.9 17.5 17.7 22.0 17.0

Production occupations

6.8 6.7 6.1 7.5 5.3 8.2 7.5

Transportation and material moving occupations

11.0 9.3 8.8 9.9 12.4 13.7 9.4

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)

1,142 828 471 357 58 256 69,785

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations

48.9 49.3 47.8 51.2 52.0 47.0 44.1

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

18.9 18.9 19.3 18.3 25.4 17.4 15.7

Professional and related occupations

30.0 30.4 28.5 32.9 26.7 29.6 28.4

Service occupations

15.3 16.0 18.4 13.0 7.9 14.7 20.7

Sales and office occupations

28.9 29.1 28.1 30.4 34.4 26.9 28.5

Sales and related occupations

9.0 8.4 8.1 8.8 12.7 10.3 10.6

Office and administrative support occupations

19.9 20.7 20.1 21.6 21.7 16.7 17.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

1.0 0.7 0.3 1.1 0.1 2.3 1.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Construction and extraction occupations

0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.4 0.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

0.6 0.5 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.9 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

5.9 4.9 5.4 4.4 5.5 9.2 5.7

Production occupations

1.9 1.6 2.2 0.9 3.0 2.3 3.5

Transportation and material moving occupations

4.1 3.3 3.2 3.4 2.6 6.8 2.2

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.


Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2017 annual averages [Percent distribution]
Industry, class of worker, and sex Veterans Non-
veterans
Total Gulf War era WW II,
Korean
War, and
Vietnam
era
Other
service
periods
Total Gulf War
era II
Gulf War
era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)(1)

9,755 5,675 3,169 2,507 1,751 2,329 141,692

As a percent of total employed

Total employed(1)

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries

2.0 0.8 0.9 0.6 5.7 2.1 1.6

Wage and salary workers(2)

0.9 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.5 1.0 1.1

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

1.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 4.1 1.2 0.5

Nonagricultural industries

98.0 99.2 99.1 99.4 94.3 97.9 98.4

Wage and salary workers(2)

92.1 96.0 96.4 95.5 80.2 91.7 92.7

Private industries

70.4 70.5 69.9 71.2 68.1 72.1 79.4

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

0.7 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5

Construction

6.5 6.4 6.8 5.8 6.4 6.7 5.7

Manufacturing

12.1 12.0 10.8 13.5 8.7 14.7 9.7

Wholesale trade

2.7 2.4 2.2 2.6 3.5 2.9 2.2

Retail trade

8.6 8.0 8.5 7.5 10.4 8.6 10.3

Transportation and utilities

7.2 6.8 5.9 8.0 7.0 8.4 4.0

Information

1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.7 1.7

Financial activities

4.9 4.9 4.3 5.7 5.8 4.2 6.4

Professional and business services

10.8 11.6 11.7 11.5 9.6 9.9 10.7

Education and health services

8.2 8.7 8.7 8.7 7.0 7.7 15.5

Leisure and hospitality

3.7 3.9 4.9 2.8 3.6 3.2 8.4

Other services

3.2 2.8 3.1 2.4 4.2 3.4 4.3

Government

21.7 25.5 26.5 24.3 12.1 19.6 13.3

Federal

10.2 13.4 14.8 11.6 3.5 7.5 1.9

State

4.6 4.9 5.1 4.5 3.2 5.1 4.7

Local

6.8 7.2 6.5 8.2 5.4 7.0 6.7

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

5.9 3.2 2.7 3.9 14.1 6.2 5.7

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)(1)

8,613 4,848 2,698 2,150 1,693 2,073 71,907

As a percent of total employed

Total employed(1)

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries

2.2 0.9 1.0 0.7 5.7 2.3 2.2

Wage and salary workers(2)

1.0 0.7 0.8 0.5 1.6 1.1 1.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

1.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 4.1 1.3 0.6

Nonagricultural industries

97.8 99.1 99.0 99.3 94.3 97.7 97.8

Wage and salary workers(2)

91.6 95.8 96.2 95.3 80.1 91.3 91.3

Private industries

71.0 71.3 70.8 72.0 68.1 72.8 81.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

0.8 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8

Construction

7.1 7.2 7.8 6.5 6.6 7.4 10.1

Manufacturing

13.0 13.3 12.1 14.9 8.9 15.7 13.2

Wholesale trade

2.8 2.5 2.3 2.8 3.4 3.1 3.0

Retail trade

8.5 8.0 8.6 7.3 10.5 8.2 10.2

Transportation and utilities

7.8 7.5 6.5 8.8 7.3 9.1 6.0

Information

2.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 1.2 1.8 2.0

Financial activities

4.7 4.6 3.9 5.5 5.8 4.1 5.6

Professional and business services

11.0 11.9 12.0 11.7 9.6 10.1 11.7

Education and health services

6.4 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.2 6.2 6.8

Leisure and hospitality

3.5 3.7 4.5 2.5 3.6 3.0 7.9

Other services

3.2 2.8 3.0 2.5 4.3 3.4 3.9

Government

20.6 24.5 25.5 23.3 12.0 18.6 10.3

Federal

9.4 12.7 14.0 11.1 3.3 6.9 1.8

State

4.4 4.7 4.8 4.4 3.2 4.9 3.5

Local

6.7 7.2 6.7 7.8 5.4 6.7 5.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

6.2 3.3 2.8 4.0 14.2 6.3 6.4

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)(1)

1,142 828 471 357 58 256 69,785

As a percent of total employed

Total employed(1)

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries

0.5 0.3 0.4 0.1 4.0 0.5 0.8

Wage and salary workers(2)

0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 3.8 0.4 0.3

Nonagricultural industries

99.5 99.7 99.6 99.9 96.0 99.5 99.2

Wage and salary workers(2)

95.8 97.0 97.3 96.6 84.3 94.7 94.1

Private industries

66.0 65.6 64.9 66.6 67.6 66.6 77.7

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.1

Construction

1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 2.1 1.1 1.2

Manufacturing

4.7 4.3 3.3 5.6 3.8 6.4 6.2

Wholesale trade

1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 7.3 1.2 1.5

Retail trade

9.0 8.3 8.0 8.6 7.1 11.6 10.5

Transportation and utilities

2.4 2.5 2.1 3.2 0.0 2.6 2.0

Information

0.9 0.9 0.7 1.2 0.0 1.0 1.3

Financial activities

6.5 6.9 6.6 7.4 6.0 5.1 7.2

Professional and business services

9.5 9.9 9.7 10.2 7.4 8.4 9.6

Education and health services

21.5 21.4 21.4 21.4 30.2 19.8 24.5

Leisure and hospitality

5.5 5.7 6.8 4.2 3.7 5.1 8.9

Other services

3.0 2.9 3.5 2.2 0.0 4.0 4.6

Government

29.9 31.4 32.4 30.0 16.7 28.0 16.4

Federal

15.9 17.6 19.9 14.6 9.8 11.9 2.0

State

6.2 6.1 6.8 5.1 3.0 7.0 5.9

Local

7.8 7.6 5.6 10.3 3.9 9.1 8.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

3.6 2.7 2.2 3.3 11.7 4.8 5.0

Footnotes
(1) Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.
(2) Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.


Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
State Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of
population
Total Percent
of
labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over

20,387 10,125 49.7 9,755 47.8 370 3.7 10,262

Alabama

375 182 48.5 178 47.4 4 2.2 193

Alaska

73 44 60.5 42 57.3 2 5.3 29

Arizona

501 229 45.7 217 43.3 12 5.2 272

Arkansas

244 108 44.3 103 42.4 5 4.4 136

California

1,823 887 48.7 850 46.6 37 4.2 936

Colorado

396 215 54.3 207 52.3 8 3.7 181

Connecticut

191 93 48.9 90 47.3 3 3.4 97

Delaware

78 36 46.0 34 44.2 1 4.0 42

District of Columbia

27 14 49.6 13 46.5 1 6.3 14

Florida

1,603 734 45.8 713 44.5 21 2.9 869

Georgia

697 410 58.8 396 56.8 14 3.4 287

Hawaii

105 55 52.5 53 50.7 2 3.5 50

Idaho

121 54 44.4 52 42.8 2 3.4 67

Illinois

624 295 47.3 283 45.4 12 4.1 329

Indiana

446 239 53.4 233 52.1 6 2.4 208

Iowa

217 113 52.2 108 49.6 6 5.0 104

Kansas

173 88 50.7 86 49.5 2 2.5 85

Kentucky

294 148 50.3 145 49.3 3 2.0 146

Louisiana

306 149 48.7 145 47.3 4 3.0 157

Maine

112 55 48.6 54 47.8 1 1.7 58

Maryland

436 268 61.6 260 59.6 9 3.3 167

Massachusetts

361 172 47.5 168 46.4 4 2.4 189

Michigan

567 260 45.9 251 44.3 9 3.6 307

Minnesota

337 178 52.8 169 50.2 9 5.1 159

Mississippi

197 98 49.7 95 48.0 3 3.5 99

Missouri

446 208 46.6 202 45.2 6 3.1 238

Montana

103 51 49.3 49 47.2 2 4.4 52

Nebraska

124 63 50.8 60 48.5 3 4.5 61

Nevada

270 135 50.1 129 47.6 7 4.9 135

New Hampshire

103 49 47.6 48 46.0 2 3.3 54

New Jersey

339 150 44.1 144 42.4 6 4.0 190

New Mexico

152 70 45.9 67 44.4 2 3.3 82

New York

760 323 42.5 310 40.8 13 3.9 437

North Carolina

720 365 50.7 348 48.3 17 4.7 355

North Dakota

48 27 56.6 27 55.4 1 2.1 21

Ohio

796 369 46.4 357 44.8 13 3.5 427

Oklahoma

298 151 50.9 146 49.1 5 3.5 146

Oregon

305 152 49.8 145 47.6 6 4.3 153

Pennsylvania

837 382 45.7 363 43.4 19 5.0 454

Rhode Island

71 32 44.5 29 41.3 2 7.3 39

South Carolina

417 189 45.4 182 43.6 7 3.9 228

South Dakota

77 46 59.5 45 58.0 1 2.5 31

Tennessee

515 262 50.8 253 49.1 9 3.5 253

Texas

1,678 905 53.9 870 51.9 35 3.8 773

Utah

151 79 52.1 76 50.6 2 2.9 72

Vermont

42 19 44.8 19 44.1 0 1.7 23

Virginia

772 463 60.0 452 58.5 11 2.5 309

Washington

508 245 48.2 237 46.6 8 3.2 263

West Virginia

145 64 44.2 61 41.9 3 5.1 81

Wisconsin

353 175 49.4 169 47.8 6 3.3 179

Wyoming

51 28 53.9 26 51.4 1 4.6 24

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.


Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
State Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of
population
Total Percent
of
labor force

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over

225,619 147,957 65.6 141,692 62.8 6,265 4.2 77,662

Alabama

3,339 1,967 58.9 1,881 56.3 86 4.4 1,372

Alaska

457 321 70.2 296 64.8 25 7.8 136

Arizona

4,768 3,033 63.6 2,897 60.8 135 4.5 1,736

Arkansas

2,004 1,241 61.9 1,198 59.8 43 3.5 763

California

28,000 18,116 64.7 17,275 61.7 842 4.6 9,884

Colorado

3,871 2,768 71.5 2,692 69.6 75 2.7 1,103

Connecticut

2,577 1,790 69.5 1,705 66.2 85 4.8 786

Delaware

658 433 65.8 412 62.7 20 4.7 225

District of Columbia

528 384 72.7 361 68.3 24 6.1 144

Florida

14,799 9,284 62.7 8,915 60.2 369 4.0 5,515

Georgia

7,000 4,607 65.8 4,397 62.8 211 4.6 2,393

Hawaii

960 626 65.2 612 63.7 14 2.3 334

Idaho

1,125 762 67.7 739 65.7 23 3.0 363

Illinois

9,030 6,046 66.9 5,763 63.8 283 4.7 2,985

Indiana

4,506 3,011 66.8 2,910 64.6 101 3.4 1,494

Iowa

2,155 1,527 70.8 1,482 68.7 45 3.0 629

Kansas

1,966 1,366 69.5 1,319 67.1 47 3.5 600

Kentucky

3,043 1,885 61.9 1,787 58.7 98 5.2 1,158

Louisiana

3,172 1,946 61.4 1,845 58.2 101 5.2 1,225

Maine

953 635 66.7 616 64.6 20 3.1 317

Maryland

4,171 2,919 70.0 2,799 67.1 120 4.1 1,252

Massachusetts

5,012 3,437 68.6 3,305 65.9 132 3.8 1,575

Michigan

7,082 4,522 63.8 4,316 60.9 206 4.6 2,560

Minnesota

3,846 2,846 74.0 2,755 71.6 91 3.2 999

Mississippi

2,005 1,169 58.3 1,112 55.5 57 4.9 835

Missouri

4,150 2,751 66.3 2,648 63.8 103 3.7 1,400

Montana

707 465 65.8 447 63.3 18 3.8 242

Nebraska

1,284 920 71.6 896 69.8 24 2.6 364

Nevada

2,001 1,308 65.4 1,245 62.2 63 4.8 693

New Hampshire

952 677 71.1 659 69.3 17 2.5 276

New Jersey

6,517 4,279 65.6 4,083 62.7 195 4.6 2,239

New Mexico

1,402 852 60.8 801 57.1 51 6.0 550

New York

14,547 9,240 63.5 8,821 60.6 419 4.5 5,306

North Carolina

7,010 4,481 63.9 4,291 61.2 190 4.2 2,529

North Dakota

516 383 74.3 374 72.4 10 2.5 133

Ohio

8,033 5,292 65.9 5,034 62.7 258 4.9 2,742

Oklahoma

2,603 1,668 64.1 1,598 61.4 70 4.2 935

Oregon

2,925 1,941 66.4 1,864 63.7 77 4.0 984

Pennsylvania

9,037 5,882 65.1 5,615 62.1 268 4.5 3,155

Rhode Island

765 516 67.4 494 64.6 21 4.1 249

South Carolina

3,365 2,060 61.2 1,972 58.6 88 4.2 1,305

South Dakota

564 407 72.2 392 69.6 15 3.6 157

Tennessee

4,611 2,912 63.2 2,803 60.8 109 3.7 1,699

Texas

18,678 12,409 66.4 11,882 63.6 527 4.2 6,269

Utah

1,997 1,445 72.4 1,399 70.1 46 3.2 551

Vermont

456 319 69.9 309 67.9 9 3.0 137

Virginia

5,621 3,806 67.7 3,665 65.2 141 3.7 1,816

Washington

5,143 3,425 66.6 3,269 63.6 155 4.5 1,718

West Virginia

1,271 711 56.0 675 53.1 37 5.1 560

Wisconsin

4,055 2,905 71.6 2,815 69.4 90 3.1 1,150

Wyoming

383 263 68.6 252 65.8 11 4.1 120

NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.


Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex, August 2017, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Presence of disability, reported disability rating,
period of service, and sex
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of population
Total Percent
of labor force

TOTAL
VETERANS

Total

20,562 10,065 49.0 9,618 46.8 448 4.4 10,497

With service-connected disability

4,939 2,390 48.4 2,287 46.3 103 4.3 2,549

Less than 30 percent disability rating

1,401 749 53.5 725 51.7 24 3.3 652

30 to 50 percent disability rating

1,066 664 62.3 642 60.3 22 3.3 402

60 percent or higher disability rating

2,034 767 37.7 730 35.9 37 4.8 1,267

Disability rating not reported

438 210 47.9 190 43.4 20 9.5 228

Without service-connected disability

14,905 7,338 49.2 7,005 47.0 333 4.5 7,567

Presence of disability not reported

718 337 47.0 325 45.3 12 3.6 381

Gulf War era, total

Total

7,490 6,001 80.1 5,769 77.0 232 3.9 1,489

With service-connected disability

2,613 1,885 72.1 1,809 69.2 76 4.0 728

Less than 30 percent disability rating

580 515 88.8 494 85.2 21 4.1 65

30 to 50 percent disability rating

658 534 81.2 527 80.1 7 1.3 124

60 percent or higher disability rating

1,171 685 58.5 648 55.3 37 5.3 487

Disability rating not reported

204 151 73.9 139 68.3 11 7.6 53

Without service-connected disability

4,526 3,878 85.7 3,732 82.4 146 3.8 648

Presence of disability not reported

350 238 67.8 228 65.0 10 4.1 113

Gulf War era II

Total

4,085 3,297 80.7 3,150 77.1 147 4.5 788

With service-connected disability

1,667 1,264 75.8 1,215 72.9 50 3.9 403

Less than 30 percent disability rating

328 300 91.6 294 89.7 6 2.1 27

30 to 50 percent disability rating

430 373 86.9 368 85.6 6 1.5 56

60 percent or higher disability rating

808 499 61.7 467 57.9 31 6.3 309

Disability rating not reported

102 92 90.6 86 84.2 7 7.1 10

Without service-connected disability

2,200 1,881 85.5 1,791 81.4 90 4.8 319

Presence of disability not reported

218 152 69.8 144 66.1 8 5.4 66

Gulf War era I

Total

3,405 2,704 79.4 2,619 76.9 85 3.1 701

With service-connected disability

946 621 65.6 594 62.8 26 4.3 326

Less than 30 percent disability rating

252 215 85.2 200 79.3 15 6.9 37

30 to 50 percent disability rating

228 161 70.5 160 69.9 1 0.8 67

60 percent or higher disability rating

363 186 51.2 181 49.8 5 2.9 177

Disability rating not reported

102 59 57.4 54 52.6 5 - 44

Without service-connected disability

2,326 1,998 85.9 1,941 83.4 57 2.8 329

Presence of disability not reported

132 85 64.5 84 63.3 2 1.8 47

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total

8,050 1,707 21.2 1,582 19.7 124 7.3 6,343

With service-connected disability

1,692 260 15.4 250 14.8 10 3.9 1,432

Less than 30 percent disability rating

602 120 19.9 118 19.6 2 1.8 482

30 to 50 percent disability rating

281 62 22.1 59 20.8 4 - 219

60 percent or higher disability rating

654 52 8.0 52 8.0 - - 602

Disability rating not reported

155 26 16.6 21 13.8 4 - 129

Without service-connected disability

6,157 1,421 23.1 1,309 21.3 112 7.9 4,736

Presence of disability not reported

201 26 12.7 23 11.5 2 - 175

Other service periods

Total

5,022 2,358 46.9 2,267 45.1 91 3.9 2,664

With service-connected disability

633 244 38.6 228 36.0 16 6.7 389

Less than 30 percent disability rating

219 114 52.0 113 51.5 1 1.1 105

30 to 50 percent disability rating

127 68 53.2 57 44.6 11 - 59

60 percent or higher disability rating

209 30 14.3 30 14.3 - - 179

Disability rating not reported

79 33 42.2 29 36.9 4 - 45

Without service-connected disability

4,222 2,039 48.3 1,965 46.5 74 3.6 2,183

Presence of disability not reported

167 74 44.4 74 44.4 0 - 93

MEN
VETERANS

Total

18,530 8,821 47.6 8,452 45.6 369 4.2 9,709

With service-connected disability

4,390 2,086 47.5 1,995 45.4 92 4.4 2,304

Less than 30 percent disability rating

1,241 633 51.0 619 49.8 14 2.2 608

30 to 50 percent disability rating

952 594 62.4 572 60.1 22 3.7 358

60 percent or higher disability rating

1,810 681 37.6 646 35.7 36 5.3 1,129

Disability rating not reported

387 178 46.1 158 40.9 20 11.2 208

Without service-connected disability

13,519 6,447 47.7 6,173 45.7 274 4.2 7,072

Presence of disability not reported

621 288 46.4 284 45.8 4 1.4 333

Gulf War era, total

Total

6,254 5,099 81.5 4,930 78.8 169 3.3 1,155

With service-connected disability

2,169 1,600 73.7 1,535 70.7 65 4.1 570

Less than 30 percent disability rating

463 416 89.8 405 87.5 11 2.6 47

30 to 50 percent disability rating

558 464 83.2 457 82.0 7 1.5 94

60 percent or higher disability rating

992 600 60.5 564 56.9 36 6.0 392

Disability rating not reported

156 119 76.4 108 69.0 11 9.6 37

Without service-connected disability

3,812 3,304 86.7 3,202 84.0 102 3.1 508

Presence of disability not reported

273 195 71.5 193 71.0 2 0.8 78

Gulf War era II

Total

3,339 2,761 82.7 2,659 79.6 102 3.7 578

With service-connected disability

1,392 1,097 78.8 1,054 75.7 43 3.9 295

Less than 30 percent disability rating

263 253 96.2 253 96.2 - - 10

30 to 50 percent disability rating

364 331 90.8 325 89.2 6 1.7 34

60 percent or higher disability rating

682 440 64.5 410 60.1 30 6.9 242

Disability rating not reported

82 72 88.3 66 80.4 7 - 10

Without service-connected disability

1,777 1,542 86.8 1,483 83.5 59 3.8 234

Presence of disability not reported

171 122 71.2 122 71.2 0 0.0 49

Gulf War era I

Total

2,915 2,338 80.2 2,271 77.9 67 2.9 577

With service-connected disability

778 503 64.6 480 61.8 22 4.4 275

Less than 30 percent disability rating

200 163 81.3 152 75.9 11 6.6 37

30 to 50 percent disability rating

193 133 68.9 132 68.2 1 1.0 60

60 percent or higher disability rating

310 160 51.6 155 49.8 5 3.3 150

Disability rating not reported

74 47 - 42 - 5 - 27

Without service-connected disability

2,035 1,762 86.6 1,719 84.4 43 2.4 273

Presence of disability not reported

102 73 72.0 72 70.5 2 - 29

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total

7,760 1,640 21.1 1,520 19.6 120 7.3 6,120

With service-connected disability

1,649 260 15.8 250 15.2 10 3.9 1,389

Less than 30 percent disability rating

585 120 20.5 118 20.2 2 1.8 465

30 to 50 percent disability rating

272 62 22.8 59 21.5 4 - 210

60 percent or higher disability rating

637 52 8.2 52 8.2 - - 585

Disability rating not reported

155 26 16.6 21 13.8 4 - 129

Without service-connected disability

5,917 1,354 22.9 1,247 21.1 108 8.0 4,562

Presence of disability not reported

194 26 13.2 23 11.9 2 - 168

Other service periods

Total

4,516 2,082 46.1 2,002 44.3 80 3.8 2,434

With service-connected disability

571 226 39.6 210 36.8 16 7.3 345

Less than 30 percent disability rating

193 97 50.1 95 49.5 1 1.3 96

30 to 50 percent disability rating

122 68 55.4 57 46.4 11 - 55

60 percent or higher disability rating

181 29 15.9 29 15.9 - - 152

Disability rating not reported

75 33 44.1 29 38.6 4 - 42

Without service-connected disability

3,790 1,788 47.2 1,725 45.5 64 3.6 2,002

Presence of disability not reported

155 68 43.9 68 43.9 0 - 87

WOMEN
VETERANS

Total

2,032 1,244 61.2 1,166 57.4 78 6.3 788

With service-connected disability

549 304 55.3 292 53.3 11 3.6 245

Less than 30 percent disability rating

160 116 72.8 106 66.3 10 8.9 43

30 to 50 percent disability rating

114 70 61.6 70 61.6 - - 44

60 percent or higher disability rating

224 86 38.2 85 37.9 1 0.9 138

Disability rating not reported

51 31 - 31 - - - 20

Without service-connected disability

1,386 891 64.3 832 60.1 59 6.6 494

Presence of disability not reported

97 49 50.4 41 42.0 8 - 48

Gulf War era, total

Total

1,236 902 73.0 839 67.8 64 7.0 334

With service-connected disability

444 285 64.3 274 61.8 11 3.9 159

Without service-connected disability

714 574 80.4 530 74.2 44 7.7 140

Presence of disability not reported

78 43 54.8 34 44.3 8 - 35

Gulf War era II

Total

746 536 71.9 491 65.8 46 8.5 209

With service-connected disability

275 167 60.8 160 58.3 7 4.1 108

Without service-connected disability

423 338 79.9 308 72.7 31 9.1 85

Presence of disability not reported

47 31 - 23 - 8 - 17

Gulf War era I

Total

490 366 74.6 348 71.0 18 4.9 124

With service-connected disability

169 118 70.0 114 67.5 4 3.5 51

Without service-connected disability

291 236 81.0 222 76.3 14 5.8 55

Presence of disability not reported

30 12 - 12 - - - 18

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total

290 67 22.9 62 21.5 4 - 223

With service-connected disability

43 - - - - - - 43

Without service-connected disability

240 67 27.7 62 26.0 4 - 173

Presence of disability not reported

7 0 - 0 - - - 7

Other service periods

Total

506 275 54.4 265 52.3 11 3.9 231

With service-connected disability

62 18 - 18 - - - 44

Without service-connected disability

432 251 58.1 240 55.6 11 4.3 181

Presence of disability not reported

13 6 - 6 - 0 - 6

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Table 8. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service, and class of worker, August 2017, not seasonally adjusted
Veteran status, presence of disability, and
period of service
Total
employed
(thousands)
Percent distribution by class of worker
Total Agriculture
and related
industries
Nonagricultural industries
Total Wage and salary workers(1) Self-
employed,
unincor-
porated,
and unpaid
family
workers
Private
sector
Government
Total Federal State
and
local

Veterans, total(2)

9,618 100.0 2.3 97.7 69.8 21.9 10.3 11.6 6.0

With service-connected disability

2,287 100.0 1.6 98.4 59.2 32.5 19.3 13.2 6.7

Without service-connected disability

7,005 100.0 2.4 97.6 73.1 18.6 7.2 11.4 5.9

Gulf War era, total(2)

5,769 100.0 0.8 99.2 70.8 25.6 12.6 13.0 2.7

With service-connected disability

1,809 100.0 0.4 99.6 60.7 35.1 21.4 13.7 3.9

Without service-connected disability

3,732 100.0 0.9 99.1 75.5 21.4 8.1 13.3 2.2

Gulf War era II(2)

3,150 100.0 0.9 99.1 70.9 25.3 12.1 13.2 2.9

With service-connected disability

1,215 100.0 0.6 99.4 63.0 32.5 17.3 15.2 3.9

Without service-connected disability

1,791 100.0 0.8 99.2 76.3 20.7 7.9 12.8 2.1

Gulf War era I(2)

2,619 100.0 0.8 99.2 70.7 26.0 13.3 12.7 2.5

With service-connected disability

594 100.0 - 100.0 55.8 40.3 29.6 10.7 3.8

Without service-connected disability

1,941 100.0 0.9 99.1 74.8 22.1 8.3 13.8 2.2

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era(2)

1,582 100.0 6.8 93.2 65.4 11.4 4.1 7.3 16.5

With service-connected disability

250 100.0 7.0 93.0 52.6 14.8 6.3 8.4 25.7

Without service-connected disability

1,309 100.0 6.8 93.2 67.3 10.9 3.8 7.2 15.0

Other service periods(2)

2,267 100.0 3.0 97.0 70.1 19.8 8.8 10.9 7.2

With service-connected disability

228 100.0 5.7 94.3 54.7 31.5 17.6 14.0 8.1

Without service-connected disability

1,965 100.0 2.5 97.5 72.2 18.4 7.7 10.7 6.8

Nonveterans

141,637 100.0 1.6 98.4 79.7 13.0 1.9 11.1 5.7

(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release.


Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2017, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Period of service and
Reserve or National Guard status
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of population
Total Percent
of labor force

VETERANS

Gulf War era, total

Total

7,490 6,001 80.1 5,769 77.0 232 3.9 1,489

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard

2,392 1,971 82.4 1,922 80.4 48 2.5 421

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard

4,800 3,811 79.4 3,641 75.9 170 4.5 989

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

298 219 73.5 205 68.8 14 6.4 79

Gulf War era II

Total

4,085 3,297 80.7 3,150 77.1 147 4.5 788

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard

1,398 1,150 82.2 1,118 79.9 32 2.8 249

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard

2,516 2,029 80.6 1,922 76.4 107 5.3 487

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

170 118 69.5 110 64.7 8 6.9 52

Gulf War era I

Total

3,405 2,704 79.4 2,619 76.9 85 3.1 701

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard

994 821 82.6 805 81.0 16 2.0 173

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard

2,284 1,782 78.0 1,719 75.3 63 3.5 502

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

128 101 78.9 95 74.4 6 5.7 27

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present) and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty.


Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2017, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Period of service and location Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of population
Number Rate

Total, Gulf War-era II veterans

4,085 3,297 80.7 3,150 77.1 147 4.5 788

Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both(1)

1,940 1,519 78.3 1,452 74.8 67 4.4 421

Served in Iraq(2)

1,509 1,149 76.2 1,105 73.2 44 3.9 359

Served in Afghanistan(3)

977 785 80.3 746 76.4 38 4.9 192

Served in both locations(4)

545 415 76.1 399 73.3 15 3.7 130

Served elsewhere

2,145 1,778 82.9 1,698 79.2 80 4.5 367

(1) Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also includes veterans who served in both countries.
(2) Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan.
(3) Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq.
(4) Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001.


Last Modified Date: March 22, 2018