Technical information: (202) 691-6378 USDL 08-0456
http://www.bls.gov/cps/
For release: 10:00 A.M. (EDT)
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Thursday, April 10, 2008
(NOTE: This news release was reissued on Friday, April 11, 2008,
to correct an estimate shown in the text on page 3. The estimate of
Gulf War-era II veterans with a service-connected disability was cor-
rected from "18 percent" to "about 17 percent." Data in the tables
and other figures in the text were not affected by this correction.)
EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS: 2007
In 2007, the unemployment rate among veterans who served in the U.S.
Armed Forces since September 2001 was 6.1 percent, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS) of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. About
17 percent of these veterans, also called Gulf War-era II veterans, had a
service-connected disability in August 2007. The jobless rate for veterans
of all eras combined was 3.8 percent in 2007. About 12 percent of all
veterans had a service-connected disability in August 2007.
This information on veterans was obtained from the Current Population
Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of about 60,000 households that
provides official statistics on employment and unemployment in the United
States. Data about veterans are collected monthly in the CPS; those
monthly data are the source of the 2007 annual averages presented in this
release. In August 2007, a supplement to the CPS collected additional
information about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability.
Information from the supplement also is presented in this release. The
supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and
the Veterans’ Employment and Training Service, an agency of the U.S.
Department of Labor. For more information, see the box note on page 3 and
the technical note, which provides definitions of terms, including periods
of service, used in this release. Other findings from the 2007 annual
averages and August 2007 supplement include:
--Young male veterans (those ages 18 to 24) who served during Gulf War
era II had an unemployment rate of 11.2 percent in 2007, not statis-
tically different from the jobless rate of young male nonveterans
(10.5 percent). Young male veterans were more likely to be in the
labor force than their nonveteran counterparts.
--Gulf War-era II veterans who were current or past members of the
Reserve or National Guard had an unemployment rate of 2.6 percent,
compared with a rate of 8.1 percent for those who had not been
members.
--The unemployment rate for disabled veterans was 3.4 percent in
August 2007, essentially the same as the rate for nondisabled
veterans (3.5 percent).
--One-third of employed veterans with a service-connected disability
worked in the public sector; 16 percent were employed by the federal
government.
The Veteran Population
In the CPS, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served
on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time they
were surveyed. In 2007, 22.6 million men and women in the civilian noninstitu-
tional population ages 18 and over were veterans. The veteran population dif-
fers from the nonveteran population in several ways. Veterans are more likely
to be men, white, and older than nonveterans. In part, this reflects the char-
acteristics of veterans who served during World War II, the Korean War, and the
Vietnam era. Veterans who served during these wars account for about one-half
(12.3 million) of the total veteran population. A total of 4.3 million veterans
served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001) or Gulf War era II
(September 2001 forward). Another 6.0 million served outside the designated
wartime periods. (See table 1.) Because age and other demographic differences
affect employment and unemployment status, the groups of veterans listed above
are examined separately in the next sections.
- 2 -
Gulf War-era II Veterans
About 1.5 million veterans served during Gulf War era II. As with all period-
of-service groups, men accounted for the vast majority (84 percent) of Gulf War-
era II veterans. However, the proportion of veterans who were women was much
higher among veterans who served in Gulf War era II (16 percent) than among those
who served in earlier periods. In 2007, about two-thirds of all Gulf War-era II
veterans were under the age of 35. (See tables 1 and 2.)
In 2007, a large majority (86.5 percent) of Gulf War-era II veterans partici-
pated in the labor force, and their unemployment rate was 6.1 percent. For those
ages 18 to 24, the unemployment rate was 12.0 percent, twice that of Gulf War-
era II veterans ages 25 to 34 (6.0 percent). Among men ages 18 to 24, the unem-
ployment rate of Gulf War-era II veterans (11.2 percent) was about the same as
the rate of nonveterans (10.5 percent). In general, Gulf War-era II veterans had
unemployment rates that were not statistically different from those of nonveterans
of the same age and gender.
Nearly one-third of employed male veterans of Gulf War era II worked in manage-
ment, professional, and related occupations, about the same proportion as male non-
veterans. Sales and office occupations; natural resources, construction, and main-
tenance occupations; and production, transportation, and material moving occupations
each accounted for about 18 percent of employed male veterans and nonveterans. (See
table 3.) Among female veterans of Gulf War era II, nearly 40 percent were employed
in management and professional occupations, with another 33 percent working in sales
and office jobs. These proportions were virtually the same as those for female non-
veterans.
Gulf War-era I Veterans
For the 2.9 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to
August 2001), the proportion that were men was similar to that of Gulf War-era II
veterans. In 2007, about two-thirds of Gulf War-era I veterans were ages 35 and
over, compared with one-third of those from Gulf War era II.
Nearly 90 percent of veterans from Gulf War era I were in the labor force in 2007,
somewhat higher than the rate of Gulf War-era II veterans. The unemployment rate for
Gulf War-era I veterans (3.5 percent) was lower than the rate for Gulf War-era II vet-
erans (6.1 percent). These differences in labor force participation and unemployment
rates probably reflect the older age distribution of veterans who served in Gulf War
era I. Labor force participation rates and unemployment rates of Gulf War-era I vet-
erans were similar to those of nonveterans of the same age and gender.
Veterans of Earlier Service Periods
In 2007, there were about 12 million veterans who had served during World War II,
the Korean War, or the Vietnam era. Nearly all of these veterans were at least 55
years old, and one-half were at least 65 years old. About 97 percent of these vet-
erans were men.
About 40 percent of male veterans of these earlier wartime periods were in the labor
force in 2007, and their unemployment rate was 3.4 percent. As with nonveterans, the
labor force participation rates for these veterans decreased with age; the rate for
veterans ages 45 to 54 was 78.9 percent, while the rate for those ages 65 and over was
14.8 percent. In contrast, the unemployment rates for these veterans were similar
across the age groups.
Male veterans of these wartime periods (World War II, the Korean War, and the Viet-
nam era) had lower labor force participation rates than male nonveterans in the same
age categories. The unemployment rates of these veterans and nonveterans were about
the same, however.
Six million veterans served on active duty during "other service periods," mainly
between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War
era I. (See table 1.) Because these veterans served between the major wartime per-
iods, which span several decades, this group has a diverse age profile. About 37 per-
cent of these veterans were at least 65 years old. Another 34 percent were between
ages 45 and 54, and 21 percent were ages 35 to 44. Ninety-one percent were men.
Among most age groups, male veterans of service periods between the designated war-
time periods had labor force participation rates and unemployment rates similar to those
of male nonveterans.
- 3 -
Disabled Veterans
In August 2007, about 2.6 million veterans, or 12 percent of the total, reported
having a service-connected disability. (Some veterans did not report whether they had
a service-connected disability.) Veterans with a service-connected disability are as-
signed a disability rating by the Department of Veterans Affairs. Ratings range from
0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of
the condition. About 40 percent of disabled veterans reported a disability rating of
less than 30 percent, while 25 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. (See
table 5.)
Among veterans who served in Gulf War era II, about 17 percent (260,000) reported
having a service-connected disability, one-fifth of whom had a rating of 60 percent or
more. Of Gulf War-era II veterans with a disability, 87.8 percent were in the labor
force, about the same as the rate for nondisabled veterans from this period. The
unemployment rate of disabled veterans from Gulf War eras I and II combined was 2.0
percent, while the rate for nondisabled veterans was 4.4 percent; in statistical terms,
these rates are not significantly different.
Thirty percent of disabled veterans of World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam
era were in the labor force in August 2007, compared with 40.5 percent of veterans from
these periods who did not have a service-connected disability. The unemployment rate of
disabled veterans of these earlier wartime periods was 5.4 percent; for their nondisabled
peers, it was 3.3 percent. (See table 5.)
Disabled veterans who were on active duty during other (non-wartime) service periods
had a 58.0 percent labor force participation rate, essentially the same as the rate for
nondisabled veterans from these periods (59.9 percent). The unemployment rate of dis-
abled veterans from other service periods was 3.2 percent; for the nondisabled, it was
2.8 percent.
About 33 percent of disabled veterans were employed in federal, state, or local gov-
ernment, compared with 18 percent of nondisabled veterans and 14 percent of nonveterans.
About 16 percent of employed disabled veterans worked for the federal government. This
compared with 7 percent of nondisabled veterans and 2 percent of nonveterans. (See
table 6.)
Reserve and National Guard Membership
The August 2007 supplement collected information about Gulf War-era veterans’ member-
ship in the Reserve or National Guard. Among Gulf War-era II veterans, about 38 percent
were reported to be current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard; the propor-
tion for Gulf War-era I veterans was 32 percent. About half of both Gulf War-era II and
Gulf War-era I veterans had never belonged to the Reserve or National Guard. Information
on Reserve or National Guard status was not reported for a substantial proportion of both
groups.
For Gulf War-era II veterans, those who were current or past members of the Reserve or
National Guard had an unemployment rate of 2.6 percent, compared with a rate of 8.1 per-
cent for those who had never been members. Labor force participation rates did not differ
significantly by Reserve or National Guard membership for Gulf War-era II veterans. For
veterans of Gulf War era I, both labor force participation rates and unemployment rates
were similar regardless of Reserve or National Guard membership. (See table 7.)
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| |
| Changes in the News Releases on Veterans |
| |
| Since 1985, BLS has issued news releases biennially that focused on |
|the results from the Current Population Survey (CPS) veterans supplements.|
|This is the first news release in the series to combine annual average and|
|supplement data from the CPS. This release is also the first to contain |
|detailed information on veterans who served in the Armed Forces since |
|September 2001, also referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans. |
| |
| BLS plans to issue alternating news releases on veterans. In odd-num- |
|bered years, the release will include only the annual average data for the|
|previous year. In even-numbered years, that is, the years following the |
|biennial veterans supplements, the news release will include both annual |
|average and supplement data. |
| |
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- 4 -
Technical Note
The estimates in this release are obtained from the Current Population
Survey (CPS), which provides basic information on the labor force, employ-
ment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted monthly for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census Bureau from a scientifically selected
national sample of about 60,000 households.
Most of the data in this release are annual averages for 2007, compiled
from the results of the monthly survey. Some of the data, such as those
related to service-connected disability and Reserve or National Guard status,
are from special questions asked as part of the latest biennial veterans sup-
plement to the CPS, which was conducted in August 2007. The supplement was
co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S.
Department of Labor's Veterans’ Employment and Training Service. Questions
were asked of persons 17 years of age and older regarding their prior service
in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data are tabulated for persons 18 years of age and
older.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
Definitions
The definitions underlying the data in this release are as follows: Veterans
are men and women who previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.
Members of the Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if they had
ever been called to active duty. Persons who are on active duty at the time of
the survey are outside the scope of the survey and thus not in the estimates shown
here, as are persons who reside in institutions, such as nursing homes and prisons.
Nonveterans are men and women who never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed
Forces.
World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf War-era veterans are men and
women who served in the Armed Forces during these periods, regardless of where they
served. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the
most recent one.
Veterans of other service periods are men and women who served in the Armed Forces
at any time other than World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or the Gulf
War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged in several armed conflicts during
other service periods, these conflicts were more limited in scope and included a
smaller proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime periods. Veterans
who served during one of the selected wartime periods and during another period are
classified in the wartime period.
Veteran status is obtained from responses to the question, "Did you ever serve on
active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?"
Period of service is obtained from answers to the question asked of veterans, "When
did you serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?" The following service periods
are identified:
Gulf War era II -- September 2001-present
Gulf War era I -- August 1990-August 2001
May 1975-July 1990
Vietnam era -- August 1964-April 1975
February 1955-July 1964
Korean War -- July 1950-January 1955
January 1947-June 1950
World War II -- December 1941-December 1946
November 1941 or earlier
Period-of-service definitions are modified occasionally to reflect changes in law,
regulations, and program needs of the survey sponsors.
- 5 -
Presence of service-connected disability is provided by answers to the question,
"Has the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) or Department of Defense (DoD) deter-
mined that you have a service-connected disability, that is, a health condition or
impairment caused or made worse by any of your military service?"
Service-connected disability rating is based on answers to the question, "What
is your current service-connected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to
100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings are determined by the
VA or DoD from a rating schedule published in the Code of Federal Regulations,
Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4--"Schedule for Rating
Disabilities." The rating schedule is "primarily a guide in the evaluation of dis-
ability resulting from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a result of
or incident to military service. The percentage ratings represent, as far as can
practicably be determined, the average impairment in earning capacity resulting from
such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in civil occupations."
Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of
0 through 100 percent in steps of 10 percent for each, with instructions for rating
multiple disorders.
Reserve or National Guard status is obtained from answers to two questions. Gulf
War-era veterans were asked: "Was any of your active service the result of a call-up
from the Reserve or National Guard?" If the answer was no, they were asked, "Have you
ever been a member of the Reserve or National Guard?" A ‘yes’ response to either ques-
tion classified persons as "Current or past member of the Reserve or National Guard."
A ‘no’ response to the latter question classified persons as "Never a member of the
Reserve or National Guard." These questions were asked only of Gulf War-era veterans.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that
the sample estimates will differ from the "true" population values they represent.
The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on
a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population
value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-per-
cent level of confidence.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur
for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, the
inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, the inability or
unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the
collection or processing of the data.
For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and information on
estimating standard errors, see the explanatory note for the household survey online
at http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 2007 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian
Veteran status, period of service, noninsti- Employed Unemployed Not in
sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino tutional Percent labor
ethnicity population Total of force
population Percent Percent
Total of Total of
population labor force
TOTAL
Total, 18 years and over................ 222,645 150,354 67.5 143,761 64.6 6,593 4.4 72,292
Veterans............................... 22,633 12,502 55.2 12,029 53.2 473 3.8 10,130
Gulf War era, total................... 4,330 3,818 88.2 3,651 84.3 167 4.4 511
Gulf War era I....................... 2,877 2,561 89.0 2,471 85.9 90 3.5 316
Gulf War era II...................... 1,453 1,257 86.5 1,180 81.2 77 6.1 196
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.... 12,262 4,941 40.3 4,772 38.9 168 3.4 7,321
Other service periods................. 6,042 3,743 62.0 3,606 59.7 137 3.7 2,298
Nonveterans............................ 200,013 137,851 68.9 131,731 65.9 6,120 4.4 62,161
Men
Total, 18 years and over................ 107,515 80,783 75.1 77,164 71.8 3,619 4.5 26,732
Veterans............................... 20,952 11,418 54.5 10,997 52.5 421 3.7 9,533
Gulf War era, total................... 3,630 3,280 90.4 3,143 86.6 137 4.2 350
Gulf War era I....................... 2,415 2,199 91.0 2,123 87.9 76 3.5 217
Gulf War era II...................... 1,214 1,081 89.0 1,020 84.0 61 5.6 133
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.... 11,843 4,797 40.5 4,633 39.1 165 3.4 7,046
Other service periods................. 5,479 3,341 61.0 3,222 58.8 120 3.6 2,138
Nonveterans............................ 86,563 69,364 80.1 66,166 76.4 3,198 4.6 17,199
Women
Total, 18 years and over................ 115,130 69,571 60.4 66,597 57.8 2,974 4.3 45,559
Veterans............................... 1,681 1,084 64.5 1,032 61.4 52 4.8 597
Gulf War era, total................... 700 539 77.0 508 72.6 30 5.6 161
Gulf War era I....................... 461 362 78.6 348 75.5 14 3.9 99
Gulf War era II...................... 239 176 73.9 160 67.2 16 9.1 62
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.... 419 143 34.2 140 33.4 4 2.6 275
Other service periods................. 562 402 71.5 384 68.3 18 4.4 160
Nonveterans............................ 113,449 68,487 60.4 65,565 57.8 2,922 4.3 44,962
White
Total, 18 years and over................ 181,228 122,609 67.7 117,827 65.0 4,782 3.9 58,618
Veterans............................... 19,428 10,465 53.9 10,104 52.0 361 3.5 8,963
Gulf War era, total................... 3,317 2,947 88.9 2,835 85.5 112 3.8 370
Gulf War era I....................... 2,212 1,989 89.9 1,932 87.3 56 2.8 224
Gulf War era II...................... 1,105 958 86.8 903 81.8 55 5.8 146
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.... 11,023 4,449 40.4 4,301 39.0 148 3.3 6,574
Other service periods................. 5,089 3,069 60.3 2,967 58.3 102 3.3 2,020
Nonveterans............................ 161,800 112,144 69.3 107,724 66.6 4,421 3.9 49,655
Black or African American
Total, 18 years and over................ 26,026 17,230 66.2 15,882 61.0 1,349 7.8 8,796
Veterans............................... 2,427 1,545 63.6 1,454 59.9 90 5.8 882
Gulf War era, total................... 768 656 85.5 614 80.0 42 6.5 111
Gulf War era I....................... 510 439 86.0 411 80.6 27 6.2 71
Gulf War era II...................... 257 217 84.5 202 78.6 15 6.9 40
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.... 915 352 38.5 336 36.7 16 4.5 563
Other service periods................. 744 536 72.1 504 67.7 32 6.0 208
Nonveterans............................ 23,600 15,686 66.5 14,427 61.1 1,258 8.0 7,914
Asian
Total, 18 years and over................ 10,262 6,983 68.0 6,762 65.9 220 3.2 3,279
Veterans............................... 259 161 62.2 155 59.9 6 3.7 98
Gulf War era, total................... 94 84 89.1 79 84.0 5 5.7 10
Gulf War era I....................... 59 51 87.6 50 86.1 1 1.7 7
Gulf War era II...................... 36 33 91.5 29 80.4 4 (1) 3
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.... 102 35 34.6 35 34.0 1 1.8 67
Other service periods................. 63 42 66.9 41 66.0 1 1.3 21
Nonveterans............................ 10,002 6,821 68.2 6,607 66.1 214 3.1 3,181
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 18 years and over................ 29,756 21,185 71.2 20,047 67.4 1,138 5.4 8,571
Veterans............................... 1,151 778 67.6 749 65.0 29 3.8 373
Gulf War era, total................... 376 334 88.8 319 84.9 15 4.4 42
Gulf War era I....................... 228 206 90.5 198 86.7 9 4.1 22
Gulf War era II...................... 148 127 86.3 121 82.0 6 4.9 20
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.... 467 223 47.8 217 46.5 6 2.9 244
Other service periods................. 309 221 71.5 213 68.9 8 3.6 88
Nonveterans............................ 28,605 20,407 71.3 19,299 67.5 1,108 5.4 8,198
1 Ratios are not shown where the denominator is less than 35,000. Small estimated levels are based on a small number of survey
responses and, thus, are subject to relatively large standard errors.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf
War era, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods
include the periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and
the Gulf War era. More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Estimates for the above race groups (white,
black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is
identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 2. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, period of service, and sex, 2007 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian
Veteran status, age, period of service, noninsti- Employed Unemployed Not in
and sex tutional Percent labor
population Total of force
population Percent Percent
Total of Total of
population labor force
TOTAL
VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over................ 22,633 12,502 55.2 12,029 53.2 473 3.8 10,130
18 to 24 years...................... 329 264 80.3 233 70.9 31 11.7 65
25 to 34 years...................... 1,561 1,404 89.9 1,329 85.2 75 5.3 157
35 to 44 years...................... 2,722 2,475 90.9 2,391 87.8 83 3.4 247
45 to 54 years...................... 3,618 3,047 84.2 2,947 81.4 100 3.3 571
55 to 64 years...................... 5,833 3,825 65.6 3,693 63.3 132 3.5 2,008
65 years and over................... 8,570 1,488 17.4 1,436 16.8 52 3.5 7,082
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over................ 4,330 3,818 88.2 3,651 84.3 167 4.4 511
18 to 24 years...................... 329 264 80.3 233 70.9 31 11.7 65
25 to 34 years...................... 1,561 1,404 89.9 1,329 85.2 75 5.3 157
35 to 44 years...................... 1,446 1,327 91.8 1,288 89.1 39 2.9 119
45 to 54 years...................... 690 621 89.9 606 87.7 15 2.4 70
55 to 64 years...................... 262 188 71.9 181 69.2 7 3.8 74
65 years and over................... 43 15 34.2 14 33.5 - - 28
Gulf War era I
Total, 18 years and over................ 2,877 2,561 89.0 2,471 85.9 90 3.5 316
18 to 24 years...................... 11 9 (1) 9 (1) - - 2
25 to 34 years...................... 932 848 91.0 807 86.5 41 4.8 84
35 to 44 years...................... 1,181 1,084 91.8 1,052 89.1 32 3.0 97
45 to 54 years...................... 509 457 89.7 445 87.4 12 2.5 53
55 to 64 years...................... 205 150 73.1 145 70.8 5 3.2 55
65 years and over................... 38 13 35.1 13 34.3 - - 25
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over................ 1,453 1,257 86.5 1,180 81.2 77 6.1 196
18 to 24 years...................... 317 255 80.3 224 70.7 31 12.0 63
25 to 34 years...................... 628 556 88.5 522 83.1 34 6.0 72
35 to 44 years...................... 265 243 91.7 236 89.2 7 2.8 22
45 to 54 years...................... 181 164 90.6 161 88.7 3 2.1 17
55 to 64 years...................... 57 39 67.5 36 63.4 2 6.2 19
65 years and over................... 5 1 (1) 1 (1) - - 3
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era 2
Total, 45 years and over................ 12,262 4,941 40.3 4,772 38.9 168 3.4 7,321
45 to 54 years...................... 851 666 78.3 646 75.9 20 3.0 185
55 to 64 years...................... 5,116 3,359 65.7 3,241 63.4 118 3.5 1,757
65 years and over................... 6,295 916 14.6 886 14.1 30 3.3 5,379
Other service periods
Total, 25 years and over................ 6,042 3,743 62.0 3,606 59.7 137 3.7 2,298
25 to 34 years...................... - - - - - - - -
35 to 44 years...................... 1,277 1,148 89.9 1,104 86.4 44 3.9 129
45 to 54 years...................... 2,077 1,760 84.7 1,695 81.6 65 3.7 317
55 to 64 years...................... 456 278 61.1 271 59.5 7 2.6 177
65 years and over................... 2,232 557 25.0 536 24.0 21 3.7 1,675
NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over................ 200,013 137,851 68.9 131,731 65.9 6,120 4.4 62,161
18 to 24 years...................... 27,859 19,182 68.9 17,356 62.3 1,827 9.5 8,677
25 to 34 years...................... 38,191 31,726 83.1 30,257 79.2 1,469 4.6 6,465
35 to 44 years...................... 39,679 33,052 83.3 31,910 80.4 1,141 3.5 6,627
45 to 54 years...................... 39,927 32,652 81.8 31,616 79.2 1,036 3.2 7,275
55 to 64 years...................... 26,700 16,925 63.4 16,416 61.5 510 3.0 9,775
65 years and over................... 27,657 4,315 15.6 4,178 15.1 137 3.2 23,342
MEN
VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over................ 20,952 11,418 54.5 10,997 52.5 421 3.7 9,533
18 to 24 years...................... 270 227 84.1 202 74.9 25 10.9 43
25 to 34 years...................... 1,272 1,179 92.7 1,120 88.0 59 5.0 93
35 to 44 years...................... 2,311 2,145 92.8 2,072 89.7 72 3.4 166
45 to 54 years...................... 3,194 2,716 85.0 2,631 82.4 85 3.1 478
55 to 64 years...................... 5,615 3,691 65.7 3,562 63.4 129 3.5 1,924
65 years and over................... 8,290 1,461 17.6 1,410 17.0 51 3.5 6,829
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over................ 3,630 3,280 90.4 3,143 86.6 137 4.2 350
18 to 24 years...................... 270 227 84.1 202 74.9 25 10.9 43
25 to 34 years...................... 1,272 1,179 92.7 1,120 88.0 59 5.0 93
35 to 44 years...................... 1,215 1,145 94.2 1,110 91.3 35 3.0 71
45 to 54 years...................... 596 543 91.2 532 89.3 12 2.1 52
55 to 64 years...................... 237 172 72.6 166 69.8 7 3.9 65
65 years and over................... 39 13 34.1 13 33.2 - - 26
Gulf War era I
Total, 18 years and over................ 2,415 2,199 91.0 2,123 87.9 76 3.5 217
18 to 24 years...................... 9 8 (1) 8 (1) - - 1
25 to 34 years...................... 760 712 93.6 680 89.4 32 4.5 48
35 to 44 years...................... 997 939 94.2 910 91.2 30 3.2 58
45 to 54 years...................... 427 389 91.1 379 88.8 10 2.5 38
55 to 64 years...................... 187 138 74.1 134 71.8 4 3.1 48
65 years and over................... 35 12 34.4 12 33.5 - - 23
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over................ 1,214 1,081 89.0 1,020 84.0 61 5.6 133
18 to 24 years...................... 261 219 83.8 194 74.4 25 11.2 42
25 to 34 years...................... 512 467 91.2 440 85.9 27 5.8 45
35 to 44 years...................... 218 206 94.2 201 91.9 5 2.5 13
45 to 54 years...................... 169 155 91.6 153 90.4 2 1.3 14
55 to 64 years...................... 50 34 67.2 32 62.5 2 (1) 17
65 years and over................... 4 1 (1) 1 (1) - - 3
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era (2)
Total, 45 years and over................ 11,843 4,797 40.5 4,633 39.1 165 3.4 7,046
45 to 54 years...................... 790 623 78.9 604 76.5 20 3.1 166
55 to 64 years...................... 4,968 3,271 65.8 3,156 63.5 115 3.5 1,697
65 years and over................... 6,085 903 14.8 873 14.4 30 3.3 5,182
Other service periods
Total, 25 years and over................ 5,479 3,341 61.0 3,222 58.8 120 3.6 2,138
25 to 34 years...................... - - - - - - - -
35 to 44 years...................... 1,096 1,000 91.3 962 87.8 38 3.8 96
45 to 54 years...................... 1,809 1,549 85.7 1,495 82.7 54 3.5 260
55 to 64 years...................... 410 248 60.5 240 58.7 7 2.9 162
65 years and over................... 2,165 545 25.2 524 24.2 21 3.8 1,620
NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over................ 86,563 69,364 80.1 66,166 76.4 3,198 4.6 17,199
18 to 24 years...................... 13,981 10,055 71.9 8,998 64.4 1,057 10.5 3,926
25 to 34 years...................... 18,586 17,129 92.2 16,332 87.9 797 4.7 1,457
35 to 44 years...................... 18,599 17,155 92.2 16,594 89.2 561 3.3 1,444
45 to 54 years...................... 18,119 16,086 88.8 15,579 86.0 507 3.2 2,034
55 to 64 years...................... 10,043 7,214 71.8 6,994 69.6 220 3.0 2,829
65 years and over................... 7,234 1,726 23.9 1,670 23.1 56 3.3 5,508
WOMEN
VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over................ 1,681 1,084 64.5 1,032 61.4 52 4.8 597
18 to 24 years...................... 59 37 63.0 31 52.7 6 16.3 22
25 to 34 years...................... 288 225 78.0 209 72.5 16 7.1 63
35 to 44 years...................... 411 330 80.3 319 77.6 11 3.3 81
45 to 54 years...................... 424 331 78.0 316 74.5 15 4.4 93
55 to 64 years...................... 218 135 61.6 131 60.1 3 2.5 84
65 years and over................... 280 27 9.5 26 9.2 1 (1) 254
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over................ 700 539 77.0 508 72.6 30 5.6 161
18 to 24 years...................... 59 37 63.0 31 52.7 6 16.3 22
25 to 34 years...................... 288 225 78.0 209 72.5 16 7.1 63
35 to 44 years...................... 230 182 79.1 178 77.2 4 2.5 48
45 to 54 years...................... 95 77 81.7 74 78.2 3 4.4 17
55 to 64 years...................... 25 16 (1) 15 (1) - - 9
65 years and over................... 3 1 (1) 1 (1) - - 2
Gulf War era I
Total, 18 years and over................ 461 362 78.6 348 75.5 14 3.9 99
18 to 24 years...................... 2 1 (1) 1 (1) - - 1
25 to 34 years...................... 172 136 79.1 127 73.7 9 6.8 36
35 to 44 years...................... 184 145 78.8 142 77.4 3 1.8 39
45 to 54 years...................... 82 68 82.4 66 80.1 2 2.9 14
55 to 64 years...................... 18 11 (1) 11 (1) - - 7
65 years and over................... 3 1 (1) 1 (1) - - 2
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over................ 239 176 73.9 160 67.2 16 9.1 62
18 to 24 years...................... 56 36 63.9 30 53.2 6 16.8 20
25 to 34 years...................... 117 89 76.4 82 70.7 7 7.6 27
35 to 44 years...................... 46 37 80.2 35 76.3 2 4.9 9
45 to 54 years...................... 12 9 (1) 8 (1) 1 (1) 3
55 to 64 years...................... 7 5 (1) 5 (1) - - 2
65 years and over................... 1 - - - - - - 1
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era (2)
Total, 45 years and over................ 419 143 34.2 140 33.4 4 2.6 275
45 to 54 years...................... 62 43 69.5 43 69.1 - - 19
55 to 64 years...................... 147 88 59.5 85 57.7 3 3.1 60
65 years and over................... 210 13 6.1 12 5.7 1 (1) 197
Other service periods
Total, 25 years and over................ 562 402 71.5 384 68.3 18 4.4 160
25 to 34 years...................... - - - - - - - -
35 to 44 years...................... 181 148 81.8 142 78.2 7 4.4 33
45 to 54 years...................... 268 211 78.6 200 74.5 11 5.2 57
55 to 64 years...................... 46 31 66.5 31 66.2 - - 15
65 years and over................... 67 13 18.6 12 18.5 - - 55
NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over................ 113,449 68,487 60.4 65,565 57.8 2,922 4.3 44,962
18 to 24 years...................... 13,878 9,128 65.8 8,357 60.2 770 8.4 4,750
25 to 34 years...................... 19,605 14,597 74.5 13,924 71.0 672 4.6 5,008
35 to 44 years...................... 21,080 15,897 75.4 15,317 72.7 580 3.7 5,183
45 to 54 years...................... 21,807 16,566 76.0 16,037 73.5 529 3.2 5,241
55 to 64 years...................... 16,657 9,711 58.3 9,422 56.6 290 3.0 6,946
65 years and over................... 20,423 2,589 12.7 2,508 12.3 81 3.1 17,834
1 Ratios are not shown where the denominator is less than 35,000. Small estimated levels are based on a small number of survey
responses and, thus, are subject to relatively large standard errors.
2 Because of the aging of the population, there are no longer any veterans of these eras under 45 years of age.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf
War era, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods
include the periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and
the Gulf War era. More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 3. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2007 annual averages
(Percent distribution)
Gulf War era WW II,
Korean War, Other Non-
Occupation Veterans and Vietnam service veterans
Total Gulf War Gulf War era periods
era I era II
TOTAL
Total, 18 years and over (thousands)................... 12,029 3,651 2,471 1,180 4,772 3,606 131,731
Percent................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations.......... 35.5 35.0 36.3 32.3 37.5 33.3 36.0
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations............................................. 17.3 15.1 15.9 13.5 19.7 16.4 14.8
Professional and related occupations..................... 18.2 19.9 20.4 18.8 17.8 16.9 21.2
Service occupations........................................ 12.0 14.7 13.9 16.2 10.0 11.9 16.4
Sales and office occupations............................... 18.4 18.0 17.1 19.8 18.8 18.2 25.2
Sales and related occupations............................ 10.0 8.2 8.2 8.0 11.6 9.9 11.3
Office and administrative support occupations............ 8.3 9.8 8.9 11.7 7.2 8.3 13.9
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations............................................... 16.1 16.2 16.3 15.9 15.3 17.2 10.4
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............... .5 .3 .2 .4 .6 .4 .6
Construction and extraction occupations.................. 8.0 7.7 7.4 8.1 7.9 8.6 6.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........ 7.7 8.2 8.7 7.4 6.8 8.2 3.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 18.0 16.2 16.3 15.9 18.4 19.4 12.0
Production occupations................................... 7.6 7.1 7.3 6.6 7.5 8.3 6.4
Transportation and material moving occupations........... 10.4 9.1 9.0 9.2 10.9 11.2 5.6
MEN
Total, 18 years and over (thousands)................... 10,997 3,143 2,123 1,020 4,633 3,222 66,166
Percent................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations.......... 34.6 33.2 34.1 31.2 37.2 32.3 32.9
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations............................................. 17.5 15.0 15.4 14.3 19.9 16.4 15.8
Professional and related occupations..................... 17.1 18.1 18.7 16.9 17.2 15.9 17.1
Service occupations........................................ 11.7 14.2 13.6 15.5 10.0 11.6 12.9
Sales and office occupations............................... 17.1 16.2 15.4 17.7 18.4 16.3 16.8
Sales and related occupations............................ 10.1 8.3 8.5 7.8 11.6 9.8 10.8
Office and administrative support occupations............ 7.0 7.9 7.0 9.9 6.8 6.5 6.0
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations............................................... 17.5 18.5 18.7 18.0 15.7 19.1 19.7
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............... .5 .3 .2 .4 .6 .5 1.0
Construction and extraction occupations.................. 8.7 8.8 8.6 9.3 8.1 9.5 12.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........ 8.3 9.4 9.9 8.3 7.0 9.1 6.2
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 19.1 18.0 18.1 17.6 18.8 20.8 17.7
Production occupations................................... 8.0 7.8 8.1 7.2 7.6 8.7 8.5
Transportation and material moving occupations........... 11.2 10.1 10.0 10.3 11.2 12.1 9.2
WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over (thousands)................... 1,032 508 348 160 140 384 65,565
Percent................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations.......... 44.7 46.3 49.5 39.5 47.7 41.5 39.2
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations............................................. 15.5 15.6 18.7 8.7 12.9 16.3 13.8
Professional and related occupations..................... 29.3 30.8 30.8 30.8 34.8 25.2 25.4
Service occupations........................................ 15.7 17.7 16.2 20.9 11.0 14.9 19.9
Sales and office occupations............................... 31.5 29.2 27.6 32.8 32.3 34.3 33.7
Sales and related occupations............................ 9.3 7.7 6.9 9.4 10.3 11.0 11.9
Office and administrative support occupations............ 22.2 21.5 20.7 23.4 22.0 23.3 21.8
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations............................................... 1.9 1.7 1.5 2.0 3.4 1.6 1.0
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............... .1 .1 .2 - - - .3
Construction and extraction occupations.................. .9 .5 .4 .6 2.8 .8 .4
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........ .9 1.1 .9 1.4 .7 .8 .3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 6.1 5.1 5.2 4.9 5.6 7.7 6.2
Production occupations................................... 3.5 2.7 2.7 2.6 3.2 4.7 4.2
Transportation and material moving occupations........... 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.4 3.0 2.0
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War era,
and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods include the
periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and the Gulf War era.
More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2007 annual averages
(Percent distribution)
Gulf War era WW II,
Korean War, Other Non-
Industry and class of worker Veterans and Vietnam service veterans
Total Gulf War Gulf War era periods
era I era II
TOTAL
Total, 18 years and over (in thousands)..................... 12,029 3,651 2,471 1,180 4,772 3,606 131,731
Percent..................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Agriculture and related industries......................... 1.9 .5 .4 .7 3.2 1.7 1.4
Wage and salary workers.................................. .7 .4 .3 .5 1.0 .7 .8
Self-employed workers.................................... 1.2 .2 .1 .2 2.2 1.0 .5
Nonagricultural industries................................. 98.1 99.5 99.6 99.3 96.8 98.3 98.6
Wage and salary workers.................................. 89.9 95.7 94.9 97.4 85.4 89.8 92.1
Private industries..................................... 70.7 72.9 73.0 72.7 68.3 71.6 77.9
Mining............................................... .7 .9 .7 1.3 .7 .6 .5
Construction......................................... 7.0 7.2 7.3 7.0 6.4 7.5 6.5
Manufacturing........................................ 13.9 12.8 13.6 11.1 14.1 14.6 10.7
Wholesale trade...................................... 3.6 3.4 3.8 2.6 3.9 3.4 2.8
Retail trade......................................... 8.6 8.3 7.2 10.5 8.8 8.6 10.6
Transportation and utilities......................... 7.0 6.9 7.6 5.4 6.7 7.6 3.7
Information.......................................... 2.4 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.0 2.4 2.2
Financial activities................................. 5.1 4.8 5.0 4.5 5.2 5.2 6.7
Professional and business services................... 9.3 11.0 10.2 12.6 8.3 9.0 9.1
Education and health services........................ 6.8 7.7 8.0 6.9 6.0 6.8 13.5
Leisure and hospitality.............................. 3.2 4.0 3.6 4.7 2.8 2.9 7.5
Other services....................................... 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.0 4.1
Government............................................. 19.2 22.8 21.9 24.7 17.1 18.1 14.2
Federal.............................................. 7.6 10.3 9.3 12.5 6.0 7.0 1.9
State................................................ 4.6 5.2 5.1 5.5 4.3 4.2 4.4
Local................................................ 7.0 7.3 7.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.9
Self-employed workers.................................... 8.1 3.7 4.6 1.8 11.3 8.4 6.5
Unpaid family workers.................................... .1 - - - .1 .1 .1
MEN
Total, 18 years and over (in thousands)..................... 10,997 3,143 2,123 1,020 4,633 3,222 66,166
Percent..................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Agriculture and related industries......................... 2.1 .6 .5 .9 3.3 1.8 2.0
Wage and salary workers.................................. .8 .4 .3 .6 1.0 .8 1.3
Self-employed workers.................................... 1.3 .2 .1 .3 2.2 1.0 .7
Nonagricultural industries................................. 97.9 99.4 99.5 99.1 96.7 98.2 98.0
Wage and salary workers.................................. 89.4 95.7 94.9 97.3 85.2 89.3 90.5
Private industries..................................... 71.1 74.0 74.3 73.4 68.3 72.1 79.9
Mining............................................... .8 1.0 .8 1.5 .8 .7 .8
Construction......................................... 7.5 8.1 8.2 7.9 6.5 8.3 11.6
Manufacturing........................................ 14.5 13.9 14.9 11.8 14.4 15.3 14.4
Wholesale trade...................................... 3.8 3.8 4.2 2.9 4.0 3.5 3.8
Retail trade......................................... 8.6 8.3 7.4 10.4 8.8 8.5 10.1
Transportation and utilities......................... 7.4 7.6 8.5 5.8 6.8 8.2 5.4
Information.......................................... 2.4 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.0 2.4 2.5
Financial activities................................. 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.4 5.2 4.8 5.4
Professional and business services................... 9.4 11.2 10.3 13.2 8.3 9.2 9.7
Education and health services........................ 5.5 5.7 5.9 5.3 5.5 5.3 5.6
Leisure and hospitality.............................. 3.0 3.6 3.3 4.3 2.8 2.8 6.9
Other services....................................... 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.7
Government............................................. 18.4 21.7 20.6 23.9 16.9 17.2 10.6
Federal.............................................. 7.2 9.9 8.8 12.1 5.9 6.5 1.8
State................................................ 4.3 4.7 4.6 5.1 4.2 4.1 3.3
Local................................................ 6.8 7.1 7.3 6.6 6.7 6.6 5.5
Self-employed workers.................................... 8.5 3.7 4.6 1.7 11.4 8.9 7.5
Unpaid family workers.................................... - - - - .1 - -
WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over (in thousands)..................... 1,032 508 348 160 140 384 65,565
Percent..................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Agriculture and related industries......................... .6 .2 .3 - .7 1.1 .7
Wage and salary workers.................................. .2 .1 .2 - .2 .2 .4
Self-employed workers.................................... .5 .1 .1 - .5 1.0 .3
Nonagricultural industries................................. 99.4 99.8 99.7 100.0 99.3 98.9 99.3
Wage and salary workers.................................. 94.6 95.8 94.7 98.0 92.6 93.8 93.7
Private industries..................................... 66.9 65.9 64.9 68.1 67.4 68.1 75.9
Mining............................................... - - - - - .1 .1
Construction......................................... 1.7 2.0 2.3 1.3 2.5 1.0 1.4
Manufacturing........................................ 6.6 5.9 5.7 6.3 4.7 8.3 7.1
Wholesale trade...................................... 1.5 1.0 1.1 .7 1.3 2.3 1.8
Retail trade......................................... 9.0 8.0 6.5 11.1 10.3 9.8 11.0
Transportation and utilities......................... 2.5 2.3 2.0 3.0 1.8 3.0 1.9
Information.......................................... 2.4 2.4 1.8 3.7 2.9 2.1 1.9
Financial activities................................. 7.2 6.2 6.6 5.3 5.9 9.0 8.0
Professional and business services................... 8.8 9.7 10.1 8.8 8.6 7.6 8.5
Education and health services........................ 20.1 20.0 21.2 17.3 23.7 19.0 21.5
Leisure and hospitality.............................. 4.6 5.9 5.5 6.9 2.7 3.6 8.1
Other services....................................... 2.5 2.6 2.1 3.7 2.7 2.2 4.5
Government............................................. 27.7 29.8 29.8 29.9 25.3 25.7 17.8
Federal.............................................. 12.0 13.1 12.3 14.9 8.9 11.6 2.1
State................................................ 6.8 8.1 8.2 7.8 7.7 4.8 5.5
Local................................................ 8.9 8.6 9.3 7.2 8.7 9.3 10.3
Self-employed workers.................................... 4.6 4.0 4.9 2.0 6.7 4.6 5.5
Unpaid family workers.................................... .2 .1 .1 - - .5 .1
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War era,
and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods include the
periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and the Gulf War era.
More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 5. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating,
period of service, and sex, August 2007, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian
Presence of disability, reported disability noninsti- Employed Unemployed Not in
rating, tutional Percent labor
period of service, and sex population Total of force
population Percent Percent
Total of Total of
population labor force
TOTAL
VETERANS
Total........................................... 22,620 12,424 54.9 12,014 53.1 410 3.3 10,196
With service-connected disability................. 2,647 1,276 48.2 1,232 46.5 44 3.4 1,371
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 1,109 669 60.3 648 58.5 20 3.0 440
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 634 322 50.9 310 48.9 12 3.8 312
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 665 181 27.2 171 25.7 10 5.8 484
Disability rating not reported.................. 240 104 43.3 103 42.9 1 1.0 136
Without service-connected disability.............. 16,730 9,155 54.7 8,838 52.8 317 3.5 7,574
Presence of disability not reported............... 3,243 1,993 61.4 1,944 59.9 49 2.4 1,250
Gulf War era, total
Total........................................... 4,419 3,895 88.2 3,754 85.0 141 3.6 524
With service-connected disability................. 711 581 81.8 569 80.1 12 2.0 130
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 306 280 91.6 273 89.2 7 2.6 26
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 225 187 82.9 184 81.9 2 1.2 38
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 136 75 55.2 73 53.5 2 3.2 61
Disability rating not reported.................. 44 40 (1) 40 (1) - - 5
Without service-connected disability.............. 2,962 2,688 90.7 2,569 86.7 119 4.4 275
Presence of disability not reported............... 746 626 84.0 616 82.6 10 1.6 120
Gulf War era I
Total........................................... 2,933 2,598 88.6 2,519 85.9 79 3.0 335
With service-connected disability................. 451 353 78.3 343 76.1 10 2.8 98
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 195 176 90.0 169 86.3 7 4.1 20
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 153 123 80.3 122 79.7 1 .8 30
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 85 37 43.4 35 41.2 2 - 48
Disability rating not reported.................. 17 17 (1) 17 (1) - - -
Without service-connected disability.............. 1,975 1,815 91.9 1,755 88.9 60 3.3 160
Presence of disability not reported............... 507 430 84.8 421 83.0 9 2.1 77
Gulf War era II
Total........................................... 1,486 1,297 87.3 1,236 83.1 62 4.8 189
With service-connected disability................. 260 228 87.8 227 87.1 2 .8 32
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 110 104 94.4 104 94.4 - - 6
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 72 64 (1) 62 (1) 1 (1) 8
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 51 38 (1) 38 (1) 1 (1) 13
Disability rating not reported.................. 27 23 (1) 23 (1) - (1) 5
Without service-connected disability.............. 988 873 88.4 814 82.4 59 6.7 115
Presence of disability not reported............... 239 196 82.2 195 81.7 1 .6 42
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total........................................... 12,254 4,913 40.1 4,755 38.8 158 3.2 7,342
With service-connected disability................. 1,529 458 30.0 434 28.4 25 5.4 1,071
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 592 228 38.5 217 36.7 11 4.7 364
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 333 99 29.9 94 28.3 5 5.1 233
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 441 77 17.4 69 15.6 8 10.2 364
Disability rating not reported.................. 163 54 33.4 53 32.7 1 (1) 109
Without service-connected disability.............. 9,147 3,701 40.5 3,579 39.1 122 3.3 5,446
Presence of disability not reported............... 1,579 754 47.7 742 47.0 12 1.5 825
Other service periods
Total........................................... 5,947 3,616 60.8 3,505 58.9 111 3.1 2,331
With service-connected disability................. 408 237 58.0 229 56.2 8 3.2 171
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 211 161 76.2 158 75.1 2 1.5 50
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 76 36 47.9 32 41.5 5 (1) 40
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 88 29 33.4 29 33.2 - - 59
Disability rating not reported.................. 33 10 (1) 10 (1) - - 23
Without service-connected disability.............. 4,621 2,767 59.9 2,690 58.2 76 2.8 1,854
Presence of disability not reported............... 919 613 66.7 586 63.8 27 4.4 306
MEN
VETERANS
Total........................................... 20,939 11,304 54.0 10,963 52.4 341 3.0 9,635
With service-connected disability................. 2,473 1,168 47.2 1,129 45.7 39 3.3 1,305
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 1,050 625 59.5 604 57.6 20 3.2 425
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 569 282 49.6 274 48.3 7 2.6 287
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 624 167 26.8 157 25.1 10 6.3 456
Disability rating not reported.................. 231 95 41.1 94 40.6 1 1.1 136
Without service-connected disability.............. 15,518 8,330 53.7 8,068 52.0 262 3.1 7,188
Presence of disability not reported............... 2,948 1,806 61.3 1,765 59.9 41 2.3 1,142
Gulf War era, total
Total........................................... 3,674 3,306 90.0 3,202 87.2 104 3.2 368
With service-connected disability................. 608 514 84.5 502 82.5 12 2.3 94
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 277 261 94.2 253 91.6 7 2.7 16
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 194 160 82.4 158 81.2 2 1.4 34
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 102 63 61.3 60 58.9 2 (1) 40
Disability rating not reported.................. 35 30 (1) 30 (1) - - 5
Without service-connected disability.............. 2,463 2,285 92.8 2,202 89.4 83 3.6 178
Presence of disability not reported............... 603 508 84.2 498 82.7 9 1.9 95
Gulf War era I
Total........................................... 2,441 2,197 90.0 2,135 87.4 63 2.8 244
With service-connected disability................. 383 315 82.1 305 79.5 10 3.2 69
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 177 164 92.7 157 88.7 7 4.4 13
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 132 104 78.6 103 77.9 1 .9 28
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 59 32 (1) 30 (1) 2 (1) 27
Disability rating not reported.................. 15 15 (1) 15 (1) - - -
Without service-connected disability.............. 1,648 1,533 93.0 1,489 90.4 44 2.9 115
Presence of disability not reported............... 410 350 85.3 341 83.1 9 2.5 60
Gulf War era II
Total........................................... 1,233 1,109 89.9 1,067 86.6 42 3.7 124
With service-connected disability................. 225 199 88.6 197 87.8 2 1.0 26
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 99 96 96.9 96 96.9 - - 3
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 62 56 (1) 55 (1) 1 (1) 6
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 43 31 (1) 31 (1) 1 (1) 12
Disability rating not reported.................. 20 16 (1) 16 (1) - - 5
Without service-connected disability.............. 816 752 92.2 713 87.4 39 5.2 64
Presence of disability not reported............... 193 158 82.0 158 81.7 1 .3 35
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total........................................... 11,830 4,762 40.3 4,611 39.0 152 3.2 7,068
With service-connected disability................. 1,501 446 29.7 421 28.1 25 5.5 1,055
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 579 217 37.4 206 35.6 11 4.9 363
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 320 99 30.9 94 29.3 5 5.1 221
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 438 76 17.3 68 15.6 8 10.3 362
Disability rating not reported.................. 163 54 33.4 53 32.7 1 (1) 109
Without service-connected disability.............. 8,831 3,582 40.6 3,466 39.3 116 3.2 5,249
Presence of disability not reported............... 1,499 734 49.0 723 48.2 12 1.6 765
Other service periods
Total........................................... 5,435 3,236 59.5 3,150 58.0 85 2.6 2,199
With service-connected disability................. 364 209 57.3 206 56.6 3 1.3 156
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 194 147 76.0 145 74.8 2 1.6 46
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 55 23 (1) 23 (1) - - 32
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 83 28 34.2 28 33.9 - - 55
Disability rating not reported.................. 33 10 (1) 10 (1) - - 23
Without service-connected disability.............. 4,224 2,463 58.3 2,400 56.8 63 2.6 1,761
Presence of disability not reported............... 846 564 66.6 544 64.3 20 3.5 282
WOMEN
VETERANS
Total........................................... 1,681 1,120 66.6 1,052 62.6 68 6.1 561
With service-connected disability................. 174 108 61.8 103 59.0 5 4.5 67
Less than 30 percent disability rating.......... 59 44 (1) 44 (1) - - 15
30 to 50 percent disability rating.............. 65 41 (1) 36 (1) 5 (1) 25
60 percent or higher disability rating.......... 41 14 (1) 14 (1) - - 27
Disability rating not reported.................. 9 9 (1) 9 (1) - - -
Without service-connected disability.............. 1,212 825 68.1 770 63.6 55 6.7 386
Presence of disability not reported............... 295 187 63.3 179 60.6 8 4.3 108
Gulf War era, total
Total........................................... 745 589 79.1 552 74.2 37 6.2 156
With service-connected disability................. 103 68 65.8 68 65.8 - - 35
Without service-connected disability.............. 499 403 80.7 367 73.5 36 8.9 96
Presence of disability not reported............... 143 118 82.9 118 82.5 1 .5 24
Gulf War era I
Total........................................... 492 401 81.5 384 78.2 17 4.1 91
With service-connected disability................. 67 38 (1) 38 (1) - - 29
Without service-connected disability.............. 327 282 86.3 266 81.2 17 5.9 45
Presence of disability not reported............... 97 81 82.8 81 82.8 - - 17
Gulf War era II
Total........................................... 253 188 74.4 168 66.4 20 10.7 65
With service-connected disability................. 36 29 (1) 29 (1) - - 6
Without service-connected disability.............. 172 121 70.3 101 58.9 19 16.1 51
Presence of disability not reported............... 46 38 (1) 37 (1) 1 (1) 8
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total........................................... 424 150 35.5 144 34.0 6 4.0 274
With service-connected disability................. 28 12 (1) 12 (1) - - 16
Without service-connected disability.............. 316 119 37.6 113 35.6 6 5.1 197
Presence of disability not reported............... 80 19 24.4 19 24.4 - - 60
Other service periods
Total........................................... 512 380 74.2 355 69.3 25 6.7 132
With service-connected disability................. 43 28 (1) 23 (1) 5 (1) 16
Without service-connected disability.............. 396 304 76.6 291 73.3 13 4.3 93
Presence of disability not reported............... 73 49 (1) 42 (1) 7 (1) 24
1 Ratios are not shown where the denominator is less than 75,000. Small estimated levels are based on a small number of survey responses
and, thus, are subject to relatively large standard errors.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War era,
and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods include the
periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and the Gulf War era.
A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating,
which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38."
More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 6. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service, and class of
worker, August 2007, not seasonally adjusted
Percent distribution by class of worker
Nonagricultural industries
Total
Veteran status, presence of disability, and employed Wage and salary workers
period of service (thousands) Agricul-
Total ture and Self-
related Government employed
industries Total and unpaid
Private family
sector State workers
Total Federal and
local
Veterans, total (1).......................... 12,014 100.0 1.9 98.1 70.3 19.8 7.8 12.0 7.9
With service-connected disability.......... 1,232 100.0 1.9 98.1 58.2 33.1 16.3 16.9 6.8
Without service-connected disability....... 8,838 100.0 2.3 97.7 71.4 18.3 6.8 11.5 8.0
Gulf War era, total (1).................... 3,754 100.0 .7 99.3 74.3 21.3 9.4 11.9 3.7
With service-connected disability........ 569 100.0 - 100.0 61.6 34.2 19.9 14.3 4.1
Without service-connected disability..... 2,569 100.0 1.0 99.0 76.7 18.9 7.2 11.7 3.4
Gulf War era I (1)....................... 2,519 100.0 .5 99.5 74.4 20.1 8.9 11.2 5.0
With service-connected disability...... 343 100.0 - 100.0 62.3 32.0 21.3 10.7 5.7
Without service-connected disability... 1,755 100.0 .7 99.3 76.8 17.9 6.2 11.7 4.6
Gulf War era II (1)...................... 1,236 100.0 1.0 99.0 74.2 23.8 10.6 13.2 1.0
With service-connected disability...... 227 100.0 - 100.0 60.6 37.7 17.8 19.8 1.7
Without service-connected disability... 814 100.0 1.5 98.5 76.5 20.9 9.4 11.5 1.0
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era (1)..... 4,755 100.0 3.2 96.8 66.9 18.8 6.5 12.3 11.1
With service-connected disability........ 434 100.0 3.8 96.2 49.2 37.2 12.1 25.1 9.7
Without service-connected disability..... 3,579 100.0 3.7 96.3 67.7 17.2 5.8 11.4 11.4
Other service periods (1).................. 3,505 100.0 1.5 98.5 70.8 19.6 7.9 11.7 8.1
With service-connected disability........ 229 100.0 2.9 97.1 66.6 22.6 15.1 7.5 7.9
Without service-connected disability..... 2,690 100.0 1.6 98.4 71.2 19.2 7.7 11.5 8.0
Nonveterans.................................. 131,850 100.0 1.3 98.7 78.2 13.9 1.9 11.9 6.7
1 Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War era,
and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods include the
periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and the Gulf War era.
A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating,
which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More
detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 7. Employment status of Gulf War era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2007, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian Employed Unemployed Not in
noninsti- labor
tutional Percent force
population Total of Percent Percent
population Total of Total of
population labor
force
Gulf War era, total
Total............................................... 4,419 3,895 88.2 3,754 85.0 141 3.6 524
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard... 1,513 1,355 89.5 1,317 87.1 38 2.8 158
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard .......... 2,135 1,896 88.8 1,803 84.5 93 4.9 239
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported..... 771 644 83.6 634 82.3 10 1.6 127
Gulf War era I
Total............................................... 2,933 2,598 88.6 2,519 85.9 79 3.0 335
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard... 944 844 89.3 819 86.7 24 2.9 101
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard .......... 1,458 1,311 89.9 1,265 86.8 46 3.5 147
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported..... 530 443 83.6 435 82.0 9 2.0 87
Gulf War era II
Total............................................... 1,486 1,297 87.3 1,236 83.1 62 4.8 189
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard... 569 511 89.9 498 87.6 13 2.6 57
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard .......... 677 586 86.5 538 79.5 47 8.1 92
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported..... 240 201 83.5 199 83.0 1 .6 40
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War
era, and all other service periods. The Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. More detailed information
appears in the Technical Note of this release.
United States Department of Labor
