Technical information: (202) 691-6378 USDL 09-0078
http://www.bls.gov/cps/
For release: 10:00 A.M. (EST)
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Friday, January 23, 2009
VOLUNTEERING IN THE UNITED STATES, 2008
About 61.8 million people, or 26.4 percent of the population, volun-
teered through or for an organization at least once between September
2007 and September 2008, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today. Both the level and rate of volun-
teering were essentially unchanged from the prior year.
These data on volunteering were collected through a supplement to
the September 2008 Current Population Survey (CPS). The supplement
was sponsored by the Corporation for National and Community Service.
The CPS is a monthly survey of about 60,000 households that obtains
information on employment and unemployment among the nation's civilian
noninstitutional population age 16 and over. Volunteers are defined
as persons who did unpaid work (except for expenses) through or for an
organization. For more information about the volunteer supplement,
see the Technical Note.
Volunteering Among Demographic Groups
The volunteer rates of men, 23.2 percent, and women, 29.4 percent,
were about the same in the year ending September 2008 as in the prior
year. Women volunteered at a higher rate than did men across all age
groups, educational levels, and other major demographic characteristics,
as in previous years. (See tables A and 1.)
Persons age 35 to 44 continued to be the most likely to volunteer
(31.3 percent), while persons in their early twenties were the least
likely (18.6 percent). The only age group with a significant change
over the year was 16- to 19-year-olds. The volunteer rate of this
group rose 1.4 percentage points in the year ending September 2008,
essentially offsetting the 1.9 percentage point decrease that occurred
in the prior year.
In the year that ended in September 2008, whites continued to volun-
teer at a higher rate (27.9 percent) than did blacks (19.1 percent) and
Asians (18.7 percent). The rate for each of these groups was either
unchanged or essentially unchanged from the prior year. Among Hispanics
or Latinos, 14.4 percent volunteered in 2008, up from 13.5 percent in
the year ending September 2007.
Married persons volunteered at a higher rate (31.6 percent) than
those who had never married (20.4 percent) and those with other mari-
tal statuses (20.9 percent). Parents with children under age 18 were
substantially more likely to volunteer than were persons without chil-
dren, 33.8 percent compared with 23.5 percent.
Individuals with higher levels of educational attainment volunteer-
ed at higher rates than did those with less education. Among persons
age 25 and over, 42.2 percent of college graduates volunteered, compar-
ed with 18.1 percent of high school graduates and 9.4 percent of those
with less than a high school diploma.
Among employed persons, 28.9 percent volunteered during the year
ending in September 2008. By comparison, 22.3 percent of unemployed
persons and 22.2 percent of those not in the labor force volunteered.
Among the employed, part-time workers were more likely than full-time
workers to have participated in volunteer activities--34.2 versus 27.8
percent.
Total Annual Hours Spent Volunteering
Volunteers of both sexes spent a median of 52 hours on volunteer
activities during the period from September 2007 to September 2008.
Median annual hours spent on volunteer activities ranged from a high
of 96 hours for volunteers age 65 and over to a low of 40 hours for
those 16 to 19 or 25 to 34 years old. The 20- to 24-year-old group
showed the largest over-the-year change in median hours volunteered,
increasing by 7 hours to a median of 48 hours. (See table 2.)
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Table A. Volunteers by selected characteristics, September 2004 through September 2008
(Numbers in thousands)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|September 2004|September 2005|September 2006|September 2007|September 2008
Characteristic |---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |Percent| |Percent| |Percent| |Percent| |Percent
|Number|of pop-|Number|of pop-|Number|of pop-|Number|of pop-|Number|of pop-
| |ulation| |ulation| |ulation| |ulation| |ulation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sex | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total, both sexes ............|64,542| 28.8 |65,357| 28.8 |61,199| 26.7 |60,838| 26.2 |61,803| 26.4
Men .......................|27,011| 25.0 |27,370| 25.0 |25,546| 23.0 |25,724| 22.9 |26,268| 23.2
Women .....................|37,530| 32.4 |37,987| 32.4 |35,653| 30.1 |35,114| 29.3 |35,535| 29.4
| | | | | | | | | |
Age | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total, 16 years and over .....|64,542| 28.8 |65,357| 28.8 |61,199| 26.7 |60,838| 26.2 |61,803| 26.4
16 to 24 years ............| 8,821| 24.2 | 8,955| 24.4 | 8,044| 21.7 | 7,798| 20.8 | 8,239| 21.9
25 to 34 years ............|10,046| 25.8 | 9,881| 25.3 | 9,096| 23.1 | 9,019| 22.6 | 9,154| 22.8
35 to 44 years ............|14,783| 34.2 |14,809| 34.5 |13,308| 31.2 |12,902| 30.5 |13,016| 31.3
45 to 54 years ............|13,584| 32.8 |13,826| 32.7 |13,415| 31.2 |13,136| 30.1 |13,189| 29.9
55 to 64 years ............| 8,784| 30.1 | 9,173| 30.2 | 8,819| 27.9 | 9,316| 28.4 | 9,456| 28.1
65 years and over .........| 8,524| 24.6 | 8,712| 24.8 | 8,518| 23.8 | 8,667| 23.8 | 8,749| 23.5
| | | | | | | | | |
Race and Hispanic or Latino | | | | | | | | | |
ethnicity | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
White .......................|55,892| 30.5 |56,170| 30.4 |52,850| 28.3 |52,586| 27.9 |53,078| 27.9
Black or African American ...| 5,435| 20.8 | 5,879| 22.1 | 5,211| 19.2 | 5,010| 18.2 | 5,325| 19.1
Asian .......................| 1,832| 19.3 | 2,055| 20.7 | 1,881| 18.5 | 1,887| 17.7 | 2,022| 18.7
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity .| 4,102| 14.5 | 4,511| 15.4 | 4,212| 13.9 | 4,279| 13.5 | 4,662| 14.4
| | | | | | | | | |
Educational attainment (1) | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Less than a high school | | | | | | | | | |
diploma .....................| 2,718| 9.6 | 2,837| 10.0 | 2,615| 9.3 | 2,394| 9.0 | 2,427| 9.4
High school graduates, no | | | | | | | | | |
college (2). ................|12,709| 21.6 |12,594| 21.2 |11,537| 19.2 |11,379| 18.6 |10,998| 19.1
Some college or associate | | | | | | | | | |
degree ......................|16,414| 34.2 |16,452| 33.7 |15,196| 30.9 |15,468| 30.7 |15,519| 30.0
Bachelor's degree and | | | | | | | | | |
higher (3) ..................|23,880| 45.7 |24,517| 45.8 |23,808| 43.3 |23,799| 41.8 |24,620| 42.2
| | | | | | | | | |
Employment status | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Civilian labor force .........|45,896| 30.9 |46,872| 31.1 |43,579| 28.5 |43,405| 28.1 |44,313| 28.5
Employed ..................|43,886| 31.2 |44,894| 31.3 |41,861| 28.7 |41,708| 28.3 |42,131| 28.9
Full time (4) ...........|34,237| 29.6 |35,225| 29.8 |32,951| 27.3 |32,714| 26.9 |33,344| 27.8
Part time (5) ...........| 9,649| 38.5 | 9,669| 38.2 | 8,910| 35.5 | 8,994| 35.4 | 8,788| 34.2
Unemployed.................| 2,010| 25.6 | 1,978| 26.4 | 1,718| 23.8 | 1,697| 23.2 | 2,181| 22.3
Not in the labor force........|18,646| 24.7 |18,485| 24.4 |17,621| 23.1 |17,433| 22.3 |17,491| 22.2
| | | | | | | | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
2 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
4 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
5 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to
totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or
Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data. Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an
organization at any point in the year ending in September. See the Technical Note for further information.
- 3 -
Number and Type of Organizations
Most volunteers were involved with either one or two organiza-
tions--69.6 and 19.3 percent, respectively. Individuals with
higher educational attainment were more likely to volunteer for
multiple organizations than were those with less education. Parents
also were somewhat more likely to volunteer for more than one organi-
zation than were persons without children under 18. (See table 3.)
In 2008, the main organization--the organization for which the
volunteer worked the most hours during the year--was most frequently
religious (35.1 percent of all volunteers), followed by educational or
youth service related (26.0 percent). Another 13.5 percent of volun-
teers performed activities mainly for social or community service
organizations. (See table 4.)
Older volunteers were more likely to volunteer mainly for religious
organizations than were their younger counterparts. For example, 46.7
percent of volunteers age 65 and over did their service mainly through
or for a religious organization, compared with 30.8 percent of
volunteers age 16 to 24.
The types of main organization for which individuals volunteered
also varied by educational attainment. Volunteering mainly for
religious organizations decreased as educational attainment increased,
from 47.0 percent of volunteers with less than a high school diploma
to 32.1 percent of those with a bachelor's degree and higher. Volun-
teering primarily for educational or youth service organizations
increased with educational attainment. Of volunteers with less than a
high school diploma, 21.9 percent volunteered mainly for this type of
organization, compared with 27.8 percent of those with a bachelor's
degree and higher.
Among volunteers with children under 18 years old, 45.8 percent of
mothers and 40.6 percent of fathers volunteered mainly for an educa-
tional or youth service organization, such as a school or scouting
group. Volunteers without children under 18 were considerably more
likely than parents to volunteer for other types of organizations,
such as hospitals or other health organizations and social or com-
munity service organizations.
- 4 -
Main Volunteer Activity for Main Organization
The main activity volunteers performed for their main organization
was most frequently fundraising (11.4 percent) and tutoring or teach-
ing (10.1 percent). Men and women tended to engage in different main
activities. Men who volunteered were most likely to engage in general
labor (12.6 percent); coach, referee, or supervise sports teams (10.3
percent); or provide professional or management assistance (10.1 per-
cent). Female volunteers were most likely to fundraise (12.8 percent);
tutor or teach (12.0 percent); or collect, prepare, distribute, or
serve food (10.7 percent). (See table 5.)
Educational attainment influenced the types of activities volun-
teers performed. College graduates were more likely than those with
less education to provide professional or management assistance or to
tutor or teach. They were least likely to collect, prepare, distribute,
or serve food; engage in general labor; or be an usher, greeter, or
minister.
Parents were considerably more likely than those without children
to engage in some types of volunteer activities that are frequently
related to children--including coaching, refereeing, or supervising
sports teams; tutoring or teaching; and mentoring youth.
How Volunteers Became Involved with Main Organization
About 43.7 percent of volunteers became involved with their main
organization after being asked to volunteer, most often by someone in
the organization. A slightly smaller proportion, 40.8 percent, became
involved on their own initiative; that is, they approached the organi-
zation. (See table 6.)
- 5 -
Technical Note
The data in this release were collected through a supplement to the
September 2008 Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS--a monthly
survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau
for the Bureau of Labor Statistics--focuses on obtaining information on
employment and unemployment among the nation's civilian noninstitutional
population age 16 and over. The purpose of this supplement to the CPS
was to obtain information on the incidence of volunteering and the
characteristics of volunteers in the United States.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD
message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and non-
sampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from
the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or
sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and
this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling
error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a
segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all
respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For a full discussion of the reliability of CPS data and for
information on estimating standard errors, see the Household Data
Section of the "Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error" at
http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
The Census Bureau introduces adjustments to the population controls
for the CPS as part of its annual update of population estimates. The
2003 adjustment resulted in an increase to the estimates for all
population categories. This increase was partly offset by downward
adjustments in 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2008. The 2007 adjustment was in
the upward direction. Consequently, estimated levels of volunteers for
September 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008 are not strictly com-
parable with one another, or with estimated levels for September
2002. These adjustments to the levels, however, should have had only
negligible effects on the volunteer rates. In addition to the population
control adjustments, new questions on race and ethnicity were introduced
into the CPS in January 2003. For a discussion of the changes introduced
into the CPS in January 2003, see "Revisions to the Current Population
Survey Effective in January 2003," in the February 2003 issue of Employ-
ment and Earnings, at http://www.bls.gov/cps/rvcps03.pdf. For a discus-
sion of the changes introduced in January 2004, see "Adjustments to House-
hold Survey Population Estimates in January 2004," in the February 2004
issue of Employment and Earnings, at http://www.bls.gov/cps/cps04adj.pdf.
For a discussion of the changes introduced in January 2005, see "Adjust-
ments to Household Survey Population Estimates in January 2005," in the
February 2005 issue of Employment and Earnings, at http://www.bls.gov/
cps/cps05adj.pdf. For a discussion of the changes introduced in January
2006, see "Adjustments to Household Survey Population Estimates in Jan-
uary 2006," in the February 2006 issue of Employment and Earnings, at
http://www.bls.gov/cps/cps06adj.pdf. For a discussion of the changes
introduced in January 2007, see "Adjustments to Household Survey Popu-
lation Estimates in January 2007," in the February 2007 issue of Employ-
ment and Earnings, at http://www.bls.gov/cps/cps07adj.pdf. For a dis-
cussion of the changes introduced in January 2008, see "Adjustments to
Household Survey Population Estimates in January 2008," in the February
2008 issue of Employment and Earnings Online, available on the BLS Web
site at http://www.bls.gov/cps/cps08adj.pdf.
- 6 -
Volunteer questions and concepts
In the September 2008 supplement, questions on volunteer activities
were asked of all households. Efforts were made to have household
members answer the volunteer questions for themselves. (Generally, one
member of the household answers all the questions in the CPS on behalf
of the entire household.) Self-response was considered important for
the volunteer supplement because research indicated that self-respond-
ents could more easily answer questions on the characteristics of the
volunteer activity. About 68.2 percent of the responses were self-
reports.
The survey was introduced as follows: "This month, we are interested
in volunteer activities, that is, activities for which people are not
paid, except perhaps expenses. We only want you to include volunteer
activities that you did through or for an organization, even if you only
did them once in a while."
Following this introduction, respondents were asked the first supple-
ment question: "Since September 1st of last year, have you done any
volunteer activities through or for an organization?"
If respondents did not answer "yes" to the first question, they were
asked the following question: "Sometimes people don't think of activi-
ties they do infrequently or activities they do for children's schools
or youth organizations as volunteer activities. Since September 1st of
last year, have you done any of these types of volunteer activities?"
Respondents were considered volunteers if they answered "yes" to
either of these questions. This is the same method of identifying
volunteers as was used in each of the six prior supplements.
Respondents classified as volunteers were asked further questions
about the number and type of organizations for which they volunteered,
total hours spent volunteering, how they became involved with the main
organization for which they volunteered, the type of activities they
performed for the main organization, and what their main activity was.
The reference period for the questions on volunteering was about 1
year, from September 1, 2007, through the survey week in September 2008.
The reference period for other characteristics--such as labor force
status, educational attainment, and marital status--refer to the survey
reference week in September 2008. It is possible that these character-
istics were different at the time volunteer activities were performed.
One new question was added to the 2008 survey to determine whether or
not respondents had donated money, assets, or property with a combined
value of more than $25 to charitable or religious organizations in the
past 12 months. Two questions asked in the 2007 supplement were removed
in 2008. These questions asked how often respondents who had attended
public meetings or who had worked with others in their neighborhood to
fix a problem did so.
- 7 -
Definitions
Volunteers are persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities at
any point from September 1, 2007, through the survey period in September
2008. The count of volunteers only includes persons who volunteered
through or for an organization; the figures do not include persons who
volunteered in a more informal manner. For example, a woman who taught
acting to children through a local theater would be considered a volun-
teer. However, a woman who, on her own, organized softball games for
the children in her neighborhood would not be counted as a volunteer
for the purpose of this survey.
Organizations are associations, societies, or groups of people who
share a common interest. Examples include churches, youth groups, and
civic organizations. For the purpose of this study, organizations are
grouped into eight major categories, including religious, youth, and
social or community service organizations. (See table 4.)
In the 2005 survey, one organization category, immigrant/refugee
assistance, was added to the questionnaire as a possible response.
Responses that were collected in this category may have been distributed
over at least six of the major organization categories in previous
years. For this reason, the addition of the new response category
created a break in the comparability of organizations between 2005 and
prior years. Because few people reported volunteering for immigrant/
refugee assistance organizations and because the group was not a de-
finite subset of any of the major organization categories, those
persons who did report that they volunteered for immigrant/refugee
assistance organizations were placed in the "other" group.
The main organization is the organization for which the volunteer
worked the most hours during the year. If a respondent volunteered for
only one organization, it was considered the main organization, even if
exact hours were not obtained.
In order to identify the type of main organization, respondents
provided information about the organization and, for those who
volunteered for more than one organization, annual hours worked for
each. Some respondents did not provide the information necessary to
determine the main organization. For these respondents, the follow-up
questions on activities and how they became involved with the main
organization asked them to report on the organization for which they
think they spent the most time volunteering.
Activities are the specific tasks the volunteer did for an organi-
zation. Examples include tutoring, fundraising, and serving food.
The activity categories were modified in 2005, thus creating a break in
the comparability of activities between 2005 and prior years.
In 2006, a new question was added that asked respondents on which of
the activities they mentioned they spent the most time. Previously,
respondents reported all of the activities they did for their main
organization. The new question identified which of them was the main
activity for the main organization.
Table 1. Volunteers by selected characteristics, September 2008
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes Men Women
Characteristics in September 2008 Civilian Volunteers Civilian Volunteers Civilian Volunteers
noninsti- noninsti- noninsti-
tutional tutional tutional
population Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Number Percent of
population population population
Age
Total, 16 years and over.............. 234,360 61,803 26.4 113,414 26,268 23.2 120,946 35,535 29.4
16 to 24 years...................... 37,547 8,239 21.9 18,938 3,747 19.8 18,609 4,493 24.1
16 to 19 years................... 17,101 4,437 25.9 8,673 2,074 23.9 8,428 2,364 28.0
20 to 24 years................... 20,446 3,802 18.6 10,265 1,673 16.3 10,181 2,129 20.9
25 years and over................... 196,813 53,564 27.2 94,476 22,521 23.8 102,337 31,043 30.3
25 to 34 years................... 40,131 9,154 22.8 20,080 3,689 18.4 20,051 5,465 27.3
35 to 44 years................... 41,576 13,016 31.3 20,512 5,397 26.3 21,064 7,619 36.2
45 to 54 years................... 44,104 13,189 29.9 21,597 5,682 26.3 22,507 7,507 33.4
55 to 64 years................... 33,696 9,456 28.1 16,222 4,196 25.9 17,474 5,260 30.1
65 years and over................ 37,306 8,749 23.5 16,065 3,558 22.1 21,241 5,191 24.4
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White................................. 189,916 53,078 27.9 92,930 22,756 24.5 96,986 30,322 31.3
Black or African American............. 27,939 5,325 19.1 12,564 2,065 16.4 15,376 3,260 21.2
Asian................................. 10,826 2,022 18.7 5,138 881 17.1 5,688 1,141 20.1
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.......... 32,369 4,662 14.4 16,645 1,936 11.6 15,724 2,726 17.3
Educational attainment (1)
Less than a high school diploma....... 25,879 2,427 9.4 12,787 954 7.5 13,092 1,473 11.3
High school graduates, no college (2) 60,719 10,998 18.1 29,272 4,510 15.4 31,448 6,489 20.6
Some college or associate degree ..... 51,812 15,519 30.0 23,521 5,978 25.4 28,290 9,541 33.7
Bachelor's degree and higher (3)...... 58,403 24,620 42.2 28,896 11,080 38.3 29,507 13,539 45.9
Marital status
Single, never married................. 66,079 13,475 20.4 35,308 6,080 17.2 30,770 7,394 24.0
Married, spouse present............... 122,784 38,827 31.6 61,944 17,474 28.2 60,840 21,352 35.1
Other marital status (4).............. 45,497 9,502 20.9 16,162 2,714 16.8 29,336 6,788 23.1
Presence of own children
under 18 years (5)
Without own children under 18......... 168,293 39,485 23.5 84,432 17,377 20.6 83,861 22,108 26.4
With own children under 18............ 66,067 22,318 33.8 28,982 8,891 30.7 37,085 13,427 36.2
Employment status
Civilian labor force.................. 155,512 44,313 28.5 82,922 20,589 24.8 72,589 23,723 32.7
Employed............................ 145,737 42,131 28.9 77,460 19,661 25.4 68,277 22,470 32.9
Full time (6)..................... 120,063 33,344 27.8 68,604 17,377 25.3 51,458 15,966 31.0
Part time (7)..................... 25,674 8,788 34.2 8,856 2,284 25.8 16,818 6,504 38.7
Unemployed.......................... 9,775 2,181 22.3 5,462 928 17.0 4,313 1,253 29.0
Not in the labor force................ 78,848 17,491 22.2 30,492 5,679 18.6 48,357 11,812 24.4
1 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
2 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes persons with bachelor's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
4 Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
5 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and
other related and unrelated children.
6 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
7 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an organization at any point from
September 1, 2007, through the survey period in September 2008. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African
American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 2. Volunteers by annual hours of volunteer activities and selected characteristics, September 2008
Percent distribution of total annual hours spent volunteering
at all organizations
Total Median
Characteristics in September 2008 volunteers annual
(thousands) 100 to 500 Not hours
Total 1 to 14 15 to 49 50 to 99 499 hours reporting (1)
hour(s) hours hours hours and over annual
hours
Sex
Total, both sexes..................... 61,803 100.0 19.8 25.5 15.5 28.9 5.4 4.7 52
Men................................ 26,268 100.0 19.1 25.9 15.2 29.1 5.9 4.8 52
Women.............................. 35,535 100.0 20.4 25.3 15.8 28.8 5.1 4.7 52
Age
Total, 16 years and over.............. 61,803 100.0 19.8 25.5 15.5 28.9 5.4 4.7 52
16 to 24 years...................... 8,239 100.0 21.9 28.2 14.7 24.1 4.9 6.1 42
16 to 19 years................... 4,437 100.0 22.1 31.5 16.5 21.8 4.0 4.1 40
20 to 24 years................... 3,802 100.0 21.8 24.5 12.6 26.8 6.0 8.4 48
25 years and over................... 53,564 100.0 19.5 25.1 15.7 29.7 5.5 4.5 52
25 to 34 years................... 9,154 100.0 25.5 27.0 13.9 24.0 4.0 5.6 40
35 to 44 years................... 13,016 100.0 21.6 26.7 16.5 27.0 4.1 4.1 48
45 to 54 years................... 13,189 100.0 18.8 25.8 16.4 29.5 5.3 4.2 52
55 to 64 years................... 9,456 100.0 17.8 24.9 15.9 30.8 6.4 4.3 58
65 years and over................ 8,749 100.0 13.1 19.9 15.0 38.5 8.6 4.9 96
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White................................. 53,078 100.0 19.9 25.7 15.8 28.7 5.4 4.5 52
Black or African American............. 5,325 100.0 18.8 22.1 13.7 31.8 7.2 6.5 60
Asian................................. 2,022 100.0 21.8 30.1 11.5 28.0 2.9 5.7 40
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.......... 4,662 100.0 23.7 26.3 14.5 23.7 5.3 6.5 40
Educational attainment (2)
Less than a high school diploma....... 2,427 100.0 22.4 25.1 14.9 25.1 6.7 5.8 48
High school graduates, no college (3) 10,998 100.0 21.0 24.0 15.5 27.6 6.0 5.8 52
Some college or associate degree ..... 15,519 100.0 20.7 25.0 15.1 29.6 5.3 4.3 52
Bachelor's degree and higher (4)...... 24,620 100.0 17.8 25.7 16.2 31.0 5.3 4.0 60
Marital status
Single, never married................. 13,475 100.0 22.3 28.4 14.4 23.8 4.9 6.2 40
Married, spouse present............... 38,827 100.0 18.9 24.7 16.1 30.6 5.5 4.2 56
Other marital status (5).............. 9,502 100.0 20.2 24.7 15.0 29.4 5.9 4.9 52
Presence of own children
under 18 years (6)
Men:
No own children under 18 years old.. 17,377 100.0 18.4 26.1 14.4 29.1 6.4 5.6 52
With own children under 18 years old 8,891 100.0 20.6 25.4 16.7 29.1 4.8 3.3 52
Women:
No own children under 18 years old.. 22,108 100.0 19.2 24.8 15.2 29.8 5.8 5.2 52
With own children under 18 years old 13,427 100.0 22.3 26.1 16.8 27.2 3.9 3.8 48
Employment status
Civilian labor force.................. 44,313 100.0 21.1 26.7 15.7 27.2 4.7 4.7 48
Employed............................ 42,131 100.0 21.2 26.5 15.9 27.3 4.5 4.7 48
Full time (7)..................... 33,344 100.0 21.6 26.7 15.6 26.9 4.3 4.9 48
Part time (8)..................... 8,788 100.0 19.9 25.7 16.7 28.9 5.3 3.6 52
Unemployed.......................... 2,181 100.0 19.4 29.2 12.9 25.5 8.2 4.8 48
Not in the labor force................ 17,491 100.0 16.6 22.7 15.1 33.2 7.4 5.0 70
1 For those reporting annual hours.
2 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
3 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
4 Includes persons with bachelor's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
5 Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
6 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews,
grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.
7 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
8 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an organization at any point
from September 1, 2007, through the survey period in September 2008. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or
African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity
is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 3. Volunteers by number of organizations for which volunteer activities were performed and
selected characteristics, September 2008
Percent distribution of the number of
organizations for which volunteer activities were
performed
Total
Characteristics in September 2008 volunteers
(thousands) Not
Five or reporting
Total One Two Three Four more number of
organiza-
tions
Sex
Total, both sexes..................... 61,803 100.0 69.6 19.3 7.0 2.4 1.4 0.3
Men................................ 26,268 100.0 71.5 18.3 6.4 2.2 1.2 .4
Women.............................. 35,535 100.0 68.2 20.0 7.5 2.5 1.5 .3
Age
Total, 16 years and over.............. 61,803 100.0 69.6 19.3 7.0 2.4 1.4 .3
16 to 24 years...................... 8,239 100.0 74.2 17.1 5.7 1.9 .6 .5
16 to 19 years................... 4,437 100.0 72.0 18.4 6.0 2.3 1.0 .2
20 to 24 years................... 3,802 100.0 76.9 15.7 5.2 1.3 .1 .8
25 years and over................... 53,564 100.0 68.9 19.6 7.3 2.4 1.5 .3
25 to 34 years................... 9,154 100.0 75.7 16.8 4.7 1.6 .7 .4
35 to 44 years................... 13,016 100.0 68.0 20.0 8.1 2.3 1.3 .2
45 to 54 years................... 13,189 100.0 66.3 20.9 7.8 3.0 1.7 .3
55 to 64 years................... 9,456 100.0 66.8 20.3 7.9 2.6 2.0 .3
65 years and over................ 8,749 100.0 69.3 19.2 7.1 2.5 1.6 .3
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White................................. 53,078 100.0 68.2 20.0 7.5 2.5 1.4 .3
Black or African American............. 5,325 100.0 78.5 14.3 4.5 1.0 1.0 .6
Asian................................. 2,022 100.0 79.4 14.0 3.7 1.4 .9 .5
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.......... 4,662 100.0 81.5 12.6 3.9 1.1 .4 .4
Educational attainment (1)
Less than a high school diploma....... 2,427 100.0 87.8 8.4 2.5 .6 .2 .6
High school graduates, no college (2) 10,998 100.0 78.7 15.2 4.0 1.1 .7 .3
Some college or associate degree ..... 15,519 100.0 70.5 19.8 6.4 2.0 1.1 .3
Bachelor's degree and higher (3)...... 24,620 100.0 61.7 22.6 9.7 3.5 2.2 .3
Marital status
Single, never married................. 13,475 100.0 72.8 18.0 5.9 1.9 .8 .6
Married, spouse present............... 38,827 100.0 68.2 20.0 7.4 2.5 1.7 .3
Other marital status (4).............. 9,502 100.0 70.9 18.2 7.2 2.5 1.0 .2
Presence of own children under 18
years (5)
Men:
No own children under 18 years old.. 17,377 100.0 72.5 17.5 6.2 2.2 1.2 .5
With own children under 18 years old 8,891 100.0 69.6 20.0 6.7 2.1 1.4 .3
Women:
No own children under 18 years old.. 22,108 100.0 69.3 19.5 7.1 2.3 1.5 .4
With own children under 18 years old 13,427 100.0 66.5 20.8 8.3 2.8 1.4 .2
Employment status
Civilian labor force.................. 44,313 100.0 69.1 19.7 7.2 2.3 1.3 .4
Employed............................ 42,131 100.0 68.8 19.8 7.3 2.4 1.3 .4
Full time (6)..................... 33,344 100.0 69.3 19.6 7.1 2.3 1.3 .4
Part time (7)..................... 8,788 100.0 66.9 20.6 8.1 2.9 1.4 .2
Unemployed.......................... 2,181 100.0 74.1 17.5 5.6 1.6 1.2 -
Not in the labor force................ 17,491 100.0 71.0 18.3 6.5 2.4 1.5 .2
1 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
2 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes persons with bachelor's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
4 Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
5 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are
nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.
6 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
7 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an
organization at any point from September 1, 2007, through the survey period in September 2008.
Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to
totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 4. Volunteers by type of main organization for which volunteer activities were performed and selected characteristics, September 2008
Percent distribution of volunteers by type of main organization (1)
Total Civic,
Characteristics in September 2008 volunteers political, Educa- Environ- Hospital Social or Sport, Not
(thousands) Total profes- tional or mental or or other Public Religious community hobby, Other deter-
sional, or youth animal health safety service cultural, mined
inter- service care or arts
national
Sex
Total, both sexes.................. 61,803 100.0 5.5 26.0 2.0 8.2 1.3 35.1 13.5 3.3 3.3 1.9
Men............................. 26,268 100.0 6.8 24.8 2.0 6.4 2.1 34.6 13.7 3.8 3.7 1.9
Women........................... 35,535 100.0 4.4 27.0 2.0 9.5 .6 35.5 13.4 2.8 3.0 1.8
Age
Total, 16 years and over........... 61,803 100.0 5.5 26.0 2.0 8.2 1.3 35.1 13.5 3.3 3.3 1.9
16 to 24 years................... 8,239 100.0 4.7 27.7 3.0 8.8 1.6 30.8 13.9 3.2 3.6 2.7
16 to 19 years................ 4,437 100.0 4.1 31.3 3.1 7.0 1.6 30.8 13.6 3.2 3.4 1.9
20 to 24 years................ 3,802 100.0 5.3 23.5 2.8 10.9 1.7 30.8 14.2 3.2 3.9 3.6
25 years and over................ 53,564 100.0 5.6 25.8 1.8 8.1 1.2 35.8 13.5 3.3 3.2 1.7
25 to 34 years................ 9,154 100.0 5.0 32.4 2.1 8.1 1.4 28.9 13.1 3.3 3.1 2.6
35 to 44 years................ 13,016 100.0 4.3 41.3 1.4 5.7 1.4 28.7 10.5 2.7 2.6 1.4
45 to 54 years................ 13,189 100.0 5.0 26.8 1.9 7.8 1.0 36.6 13.2 3.1 3.0 1.7
55 to 64 years................ 9,456 100.0 7.6 13.7 2.3 9.7 1.2 41.2 15.2 3.7 3.6 1.7
65 years and over............. 8,749 100.0 6.8 7.4 1.5 10.3 1.0 46.7 16.7 3.9 4.3 1.4
Race and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity
White.............................. 53,078 100.0 5.6 26.1 2.2 8.5 1.4 33.9 13.8 3.4 3.4 1.7
Black or African American.......... 5,325 100.0 4.3 22.9 .3 6.3 .2 46.5 12.7 1.5 2.6 2.7
Asian.............................. 2,022 100.0 4.5 31.6 .6 6.4 .3 37.0 9.1 4.0 3.0 3.6
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....... 4,662 100.0 3.1 34.5 1.1 5.2 .6 38.5 9.6 2.4 2.5 2.5
Educational attainment (2)
Less than a high school diploma.... 2,427 100.0 3.4 21.9 .6 6.0 1.5 47.0 12.5 1.2 4.5 1.5
High school graduates, no college
(3)................................ 10,998 100.0 4.6 23.2 1.1 8.7 1.8 40.6 12.6 3.0 2.9 1.4
Some college or associate degree .. 15,519 100.0 5.5 25.1 2.1 8.0 1.3 36.4 13.7 3.2 2.8 1.7
Bachelor's degree and higher (4)... 24,620 100.0 6.3 27.8 2.1 8.0 .8 32.1 13.8 3.6 3.5 1.9
Marital status
Single, never married.............. 13,475 100.0 5.6 25.9 2.8 10.3 1.3 28.0 15.5 3.6 4.0 3.0
Married, spouse present............ 38,827 100.0 5.3 27.7 1.6 6.8 1.3 38.0 11.9 3.1 2.9 1.5
Other marital status (5)........... 9,502 100.0 6.1 19.7 2.3 10.8 1.1 33.8 17.4 3.5 3.7 1.7
Presence of own children
under 18 years (6)
Men:
No own children under 18 years
old................................ 17,377 100.0 7.7 16.7 2.5 7.7 2.3 35.9 16.6 3.9 4.5 2.2
With own children under 18 years
old................................ 8,891 100.0 5.2 40.6 .9 3.8 1.8 32.2 8.1 3.8 2.2 1.4
Women:
No own children under 18 years
old................................ 22,108 100.0 5.4 15.5 2.7 12.3 .7 38.2 16.2 3.4 3.6 2.1
With own children under 18 years
old................................ 13,427 100.0 2.9 45.8 .7 4.9 .5 31.1 8.8 2.0 1.9 1.3
Employment status
Civilian labor force............... 44,313 100.0 5.6 27.9 2.0 7.9 1.4 33.9 13.0 3.1 3.1 2.0
Employed......................... 42,131 100.0 5.6 27.6 2.0 8.0 1.4 34.0 13.1 3.1 3.1 2.0
Full time (7).................. 33,344 100.0 5.7 27.5 2.1 8.2 1.6 32.9 13.5 3.2 3.2 2.2
Part time (8).................. 8,788 100.0 5.0 28.1 1.9 7.2 .8 37.9 11.7 2.9 3.0 1.5
Unemployed....................... 2,181 100.0 5.6 32.2 2.2 5.9 1.0 32.1 11.7 3.5 3.7 2.1
Not in the labor force............. 17,491 100.0 5.2 21.4 1.7 8.9 .9 38.4 14.8 3.6 3.6 1.4
1 Main organization is defined as the organization for which the volunteer worked the most hours during the year. See the Technical Note for more
details.
2 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
3 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
4 Includes persons with bachelor's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
5 Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
6 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related
and unrelated children.
7 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
8 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an organization at any point from September 1, 2007,
through the survey period in September 2008. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals
because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 5. Main volunteer activity for main organization for which activities were performed and selected characteristics,
September 2008
Percent distribution of main volunteer activity for main organization (1)
Provide
profes-
Collect, Provide sional
make, or Fund- counsel- or Engage Engage
Total Coach, Collect, distri- raise ing, manage- in in
Characteristics in September volunteers referee, Be an pre- bute or medical Provide ment music, general Equal
2008 (thou- or Tutor Mentor usher, pare, cloth- sell care, general assis- perfor- labor; time
sands) super- or youth greeter, distri- ing, items fire/ office tance, mance, or supply Other among
vise teach or bute, or crafts, to EMS, or services includ- other trans- all
sports minister serve or goods raise protec- ing artistic porta-
teams food other money tive serving activi- tion to
than services on a ties people
food board or
commit-
tee
Sex
Total, both sexes.............. 61,803 5.9 10.1 5.9 4.2 9.1 3.4 11.4 3.0 4.6 7.9 4.3 9.0 13.3 8.0
Men......................... 26,268 10.3 7.6 5.7 5.5 6.8 2.0 9.5 3.4 2.7 10.1 4.1 12.6 12.7 7.1
Women....................... 35,535 2.7 12.0 6.1 3.3 10.7 4.4 12.8 2.7 5.9 6.3 4.4 6.3 13.7 8.6
Age
Total, 16 years and over....... 61,803 5.9 10.1 5.9 4.2 9.1 3.4 11.4 3.0 4.6 7.9 4.3 9.0 13.3 8.0
16 to 24 years............... 8,239 4.9 10.0 9.0 2.6 8.2 2.7 10.4 3.3 3.5 2.2 7.1 13.3 14.3 8.6
16 to 19 years............ 4,437 5.8 8.8 8.6 3.1 9.7 2.8 10.9 2.0 3.2 1.0 7.2 14.7 13.9 8.3
20 to 24 years............ 3,802 3.7 11.3 9.4 1.9 6.4 2.6 9.9 4.9 3.9 3.6 7.1 11.7 14.7 8.9
25 years and over............ 53,564 6.1 10.1 5.5 4.5 9.2 3.5 11.6 3.0 4.7 8.8 3.8 8.3 13.1 7.9
25 to 34 years............ 9,154 8.2 11.7 8.4 2.8 7.4 2.7 12.2 3.1 3.7 5.4 3.5 8.4 14.9 7.5
35 to 44 years............ 13,016 10.6 12.1 7.2 3.1 7.6 2.9 12.2 2.9 3.9 6.7 2.7 7.8 12.5 7.9
45 to 54 years............ 13,189 6.6 10.7 5.9 4.1 8.9 2.9 11.8 3.1 4.3 9.8 4.0 8.8 11.4 7.6
55 to 64 years............ 9,456 2.1 8.3 3.1 5.5 10.2 3.7 11.9 3.5 5.1 12.8 4.2 8.3 13.1 8.1
65 years and over......... 8,749 .7 6.7 1.8 7.5 13.0 5.5 9.2 2.2 7.2 9.4 5.2 8.3 14.9 8.4
Race and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity
White.......................... 53,078 6.1 10.0 5.7 4.0 8.9 3.4 11.8 3.1 4.6 8.3 4.1 9.1 13.1 7.8
Black or African American...... 5,325 5.6 10.7 8.4 7.0 9.9 2.8 7.7 2.6 4.3 4.8 5.2 7.8 14.1 9.1
Asian.......................... 2,022 3.4 13.3 4.0 4.3 11.1 3.2 12.8 3.3 3.5 5.8 4.7 8.7 14.5 7.6
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity... 4,662 7.7 10.7 4.8 4.3 10.2 4.7 10.2 2.4 4.6 3.5 3.3 9.2 17.5 6.7
Educational attainment (2)
Less than a high school diploma 2,427 4.2 7.0 2.6 7.1 14.4 4.9 9.5 2.4 4.7 1.9 2.4 11.9 20.4 6.5
High school graduates, no
college (3).................... 10,998 5.9 7.4 4.8 5.1 13.1 4.5 12.0 2.6 4.7 4.2 3.1 10.5 14.0 8.2
Some college or associate
degree ........................ 15,519 6.1 9.4 5.4 4.5 10.3 3.6 12.0 2.9 5.2 6.5 4.0 9.0 12.9 8.2
Bachelor's degree and higher
(4)............................ 24,620 6.4 12.2 6.1 3.9 6.3 2.8 11.3 3.2 4.4 12.9 4.2 6.6 12.2 7.6
Marital status
Single, never married.......... 13,475 5.1 9.2 7.8 2.8 8.4 2.8 11.5 3.6 4.5 4.3 5.5 11.8 15.3 7.2
Married, spouse present........ 38,827 6.8 11.0 5.6 4.6 8.6 3.1 11.2 2.8 4.2 9.4 3.8 8.3 12.2 8.3
Other marital status (5)....... 9,502 3.5 7.7 4.4 4.5 12.0 5.4 12.0 3.2 6.0 6.7 4.3 7.9 14.8 7.5
Presence of own children
under 18 years (6)
Men:
No own children under 18
years old...................... 17,377 4.6 6.9 5.0 5.8 7.7 2.2 10.2 3.7 3.0 10.6 4.7 13.9 14.3 7.4
With own children under 18
years old...................... 8,891 21.3 8.9 7.0 4.9 5.1 1.6 8.2 2.9 2.0 9.0 3.0 10.1 9.7 6.4
Women:
No own children under 18
years old...................... 22,108 1.7 9.8 4.9 3.9 11.6 5.0 12.3 3.2 6.4 6.6 5.4 6.7 14.3 8.2
With own children under 18
years old...................... 13,427 4.3 15.7 8.1 2.3 9.3 3.4 13.7 2.0 5.2 5.7 2.9 5.6 12.7 9.3
Employment status
Civilian labor force........... 44,313 7.2 10.4 6.4 3.9 8.1 2.7 11.9 3.3 3.8 8.5 4.2 9.1 12.8 7.8
Employed..................... 42,131 7.3 10.4 6.5 3.9 8.0 2.7 12.0 3.3 3.7 8.7 4.1 9.0 12.7 7.7
Full time (7).............. 33,344 8.1 9.9 6.4 4.0 7.6 2.7 12.3 3.5 3.4 9.3 3.7 9.0 12.5 7.5
Part time (8).............. 8,788 4.1 12.5 6.8 3.3 9.5 2.6 11.0 2.8 4.8 6.3 5.7 8.6 13.5 8.6
Unemployed................... 2,181 5.8 9.3 5.6 3.8 10.2 3.8 8.5 2.7 5.4 4.9 4.9 11.1 13.8 10.1
Not in the labor force......... 17,491 2.6 9.5 4.7 5.1 11.4 4.9 10.3 2.3 6.5 6.4 4.6 8.8 14.6 8.3
1 Main organization is defined as the organization for which the volunteer worked the most hours during the year. See the Technical Note for more details.
2 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
3 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
4 Includes persons with bachelor's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
5 Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
6 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and
unrelated children.
7 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
8 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an organization at any point from September 1, 2007, through
the survey period in September 2008. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are
not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 6. Volunteers by how they became involved with main organization for which volunteer activities were performed and
selected characteristics, September 2008
Percent distribution of how volunteers became involved with main organization (1)
Total Was asked by:
Characteristics in volunteers Not
September 2008 (thousands) Approached reporting
Total the Relative, Someone in Other how
organization Total Boss or friend, the Someone became
(2) employer or organization/ else involved
co-worker school
Sex
Total, both sexes..... 61,803 100.0 40.8 43.7 1.4 14.2 26.8 1.2 12.6 2.9
Men................ 26,268 100.0 40.5 44.5 1.4 15.2 26.4 1.4 12.0 3.0
Women.............. 35,535 100.0 41.1 43.1 1.3 13.5 27.0 1.1 13.0 2.8
Age
Total, 16 years and
over.................. 61,803 100.0 40.8 43.7 1.4 14.2 26.8 1.2 12.6 2.9
16 to 24 years...... 8,239 100.0 40.0 41.4 .7 16.1 22.9 1.5 15.0 3.6
16 to 19 years... 4,437 100.0 39.7 41.5 .3 16.2 23.4 1.6 16.0 2.8
20 to 24 years... 3,802 100.0 40.4 41.3 1.3 16.1 22.3 1.4 13.8 4.5
25 years and over... 53,564 100.0 41.0 44.1 1.4 13.9 27.4 1.2 12.2 2.8
25 to 34 years... 9,154 100.0 41.6 42.5 2.4 15.1 23.1 1.5 12.5 3.3
35 to 44 years... 13,016 100.0 39.9 45.9 1.9 13.4 29.5 1.0 11.5 2.8
45 to 54 years... 13,189 100.0 39.7 45.0 1.4 13.9 28.6 1.0 12.8 2.5
55 to 64 years... 9,456 100.0 41.1 43.5 1.1 14.0 26.9 1.3 12.6 2.9
65 years and over 8,749 100.0 43.6 42.1 .1 13.3 27.3 1.4 11.7 2.7
Race and Hispanic or
Latino ethnicity
White................. 53,078 100.0 40.9 44.2 1.3 14.2 27.3 1.3 12.3 2.7
Black or African
American.............. 5,325 100.0 40.9 41.2 1.7 14.8 23.2 1.4 13.7 4.2
Asian................. 2,022 100.0 41.4 38.4 1.8 11.5 24.8 .2 14.4 5.8
Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity............. 4,662 100.0 44.0 41.0 1.7 12.8 24.6 1.5 11.9 3.1
Educational attainment
(3)
Less than a high
school diploma........ 2,427 100.0 45.4 42.1 .3 12.5 27.9 1.2 10.2 2.3
High school graduates,
no college (4)........ 10,998 100.0 41.1 43.9 1.1 15.2 26.4 1.0 12.5 2.5
Some college or
associate degree ..... 15,519 100.0 39.8 44.7 1.5 13.4 28.3 1.3 13.0 2.6
Bachelor's degree and
higher (5)............ 24,620 100.0 41.2 44.0 1.7 13.8 27.2 1.2 11.8 3.1
Marital status
Single, never married 13,475 100.0 39.8 40.9 1.8 16.8 20.6 1.6 15.2 4.0
Married, spouse
present............... 38,827 100.0 40.7 45.2 1.2 13.2 29.6 1.2 11.5 2.5
Other marital status
(6)................... 9,502 100.0 42.8 41.4 1.4 14.7 24.1 1.0 13.1 2.7
Presence of own
children under 18
years (7)
Men:
No own children
under 18 years old.... 17,377 100.0 40.5 43.2 1.4 16.0 24.1 1.5 12.9 3.4
With own children
under 18 years old.... 8,891 100.0 40.4 47.1 1.5 13.4 30.9 1.1 10.3 2.2
Women:
No own children
under 18 years old.... 22,108 100.0 40.9 41.9 1.3 15.4 23.7 1.3 13.9 3.3
With own children
under 18 years old.... 13,427 100.0 41.4 45.0 1.3 10.3 32.5 .8 11.5 2.1
Employment status
Civilian labor force.. 44,313 100.0 40.0 44.4 1.8 14.5 26.8 1.2 12.6 3.0
Employed............ 42,131 100.0 39.9 44.7 1.9 14.6 26.9 1.2 12.4 3.0
Full time (8)..... 33,344 100.0 39.1 45.2 2.1 15.0 26.8 1.1 12.5 3.2
Part time (9)..... 8,788 100.0 42.8 42.5 .8 12.8 27.5 1.3 12.4 2.4
Unemployed.......... 2,181 100.0 41.5 40.0 .8 13.1 24.1 1.8 15.3 3.1
Not in the labor force 17,491 100.0 43.0 41.8 .2 13.4 26.8 1.4 12.6 2.6
1 Main organization is defined as the organization for which the volunteer worked the most hours during the year. See the
Technical Note for more details.
2 Includes persons who did not specify who asked them to volunteer, not shown separately.
3 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
4 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
5 Includes persons with bachelor's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
6 Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
7 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews,
grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.
8 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
9 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an organization at any point
from September 1, 2007, through the survey period in September 2008. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or
African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is
identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
United States Department of Labor
