For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Wednesday, January 26, 2011 USDL-11-0084
Technical information: (202) 691-6378 * cpsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov
VOLUNTEERING IN THE UNITED STATES--2010
The volunteer rate declined by 0.5 percentage point to 26.3 percent for the year
ending in September 2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. About
62.8 million people volunteered through or for an organization at least once be-
tween September 2009 and September 2010. The volunteer rate in 2010 was similar
to the rates observed in 2007 and 2008.
These data on volunteering were collected through a supplement to the September 2010
Current Population Survey (CPS) . The supplement was sponsored by the Corporation
for National and Community Service. The CPS is a monthly survey of about 60,000
households that obtains information on employment and unemployment among the na-
tion's civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over. Volunteers are defined
as persons who did unpaid work (except for expenses) through or for an organization.
For more information about the volunteer supplement, see the Technical Note.
Volunteering Among Demographic Groups
The volunteer rate of women decreased from 30.1 percent to 29.3 percent in the
year ending in September 2010, while the volunteer rate for men, at 23.2 percent,
was essentially unchanged. However, women continued to volunteer at a higher rate
than did men across all age groups, educational levels, and other major demographic
characteristics. (See tables A and 1.)
By age, 35-to-44 year olds were the most likely to volunteer (32.2 percent). Per-
sons in their early twenties were the least likely to volunteer (18.4 percent).
Among the major race and ethnicity groups, whites continued to volunteer at a
higher rate (27.8 percent) than did blacks (19.4 percent) and Asians (19.6 percent).
The volunteer rate of whites and blacks declined from the prior year. Among Hispan-
ics or Latinos, 14.7 percent volunteered in 2010, the same rate as in 2009.
As in earlier years, married persons volunteered at a higher rate (32.0 percent)
in 2010 than did those who had never married (20.3 percent) and those with other
marital statuses (20.9 percent). Although the volunteer rate of parents with
children under age 18 decreased to 33.6 percent from 34.4 percent in the prior
year, parents remained substantially more likely to volunteer than persons with-
out children (23.5 percent).
Individuals with higher levels of educational attainment engaged in volunteer
activities at higher rates than did those with less education. Among persons age
25 and over, 42.3 percent of college graduates volunteered, compared with 17.9
percent of high school graduates and 8.8 percent of those with less than a high
school diploma.
Table A. Volunteers by selected characteristics, September 2006 through September 2010
(Numbers in thousands)
September 2006 September 2007 September 2008 September 2009 September 2010
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
Number of popu- Number of popu- Number of popu- Number of popu- Number of popu-
lation lation lation lation lation
Sex
Total, both sexes ............... 61,199 26.7 60,838 26.2 61,803 26.4 63,361 26.8 62,790 26.3
Men .......................... 25,546 23.0 25,724 22.9 26,268 23.2 26,655 23.3 26,787 23.2
Women ........................ 35,653 30.1 35,114 29.3 35,535 29.4 36,706 30.1 36,004 29.3
Age
Total, 16 years and over ........ 61,199 26.7 60,838 26.2 61,803 26.4 63,361 26.8 62,790 26.3
16 to 24 years ............... 8,044 21.7 7,798 20.8 8,239 21.9 8,290 22.0 8,297 21.9
25 to 34 years ............... 9,096 23.1 9,019 22.6 9,154 22.8 9,511 23.5 9,140 22.3
35 to 44 years ............... 13,308 31.2 12,902 30.5 13,016 31.3 12,835 31.5 12,904 32.2
45 to 54 years ............... 13,415 31.2 13,136 30.1 13,189 29.9 13,703 30.8 13,435 30.3
55 to 64 years ............... 8,819 27.9 9,316 28.4 9,456 28.1 9,894 28.3 9,830 27.2
65 years and over ............ 8,518 23.8 8,667 23.8 8,749 23.5 9,129 23.9 9,184 23.6
Race and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity
White ........................... 52,850 28.3 52,586 27.9 53,078 27.9 54,078 28.3 53,556 27.8
Black or African American ....... 5,211 19.2 5,010 18.2 5,325 19.1 5,712 20.2 5,580 19.4
Asian ........................... 1,881 18.5 1,887 17.7 2,022 18.7 2,060 19.0 2,207 19.6
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity .... 4,212 13.9 4,279 13.5 4,662 14.4 4,873 14.7 4,982 14.7
Educational attainment 1
Less than a high school diploma . 2,615 9.3 2,394 9.0 2,427 9.4 2,242 8.6 2,231 8.8
High school graduates, no college 11,537 19.2 11,379 18.6 10,998 19.1 11,408 18.8 10,887 17.9
Some college or associate degree 15,196 30.9 15,468 30.7 15,519 30.0 15,931 30.5 15,505 29.2
Bachelor's degree and higher 3 .. 23,808 43.3 23,799 41.8 24,620 42.2 25,490 42.8 25,870 42.3
Employment status
Civilian labor force ............ 43,579 28.5 43,405 28.1 44,313 28.5 44,833 29.0 44,522 28.7
Employed ..................... 41,861 28.7 41,708 28.3 42,131 28.9 41,372 29.7 40,980 29.2
Full time 4 ................ 32,951 27.3 32,714 26.9 33,344 27.8 32,085 28.7 31,625 28.2
Part time 5 ................ 8,910 35.5 8,994 35.4 8,788 34.2 9,287 33.7 9,355 33.2
Unemployed ................... 1,718 23.8 1,697 23.2 2,181 22.3 3,462 22.9 3,542 23.8
Not in the labor force .......... 17,621 23.1 17,433 22.3 17,491 22.2 18,528 22.6 18,268 22.0
1 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
2 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
4 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
5 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because
data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Data on volunteers relate to persons
who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an organization at any point in the year ending in September.
See the Technical Note for further information.
Volunteers by Employment Status
Among employed persons, 29.2 percent volunteered during the year ending in Septem-
ber 2010. By comparison, 23.8 percent of unemployed persons and 22.0 percent of
those not in the labor force volunteered. Among the employed, part-time workers
were more likely than full-time workers to have participated in volunteer activi-
ties--33.2 versus 28.2 percent. (See table 1.)
Total Annual Hours Spent Volunteering
Volunteers of both sexes spent a median of 52 hours on volunteer activities dur-
ing the period from September 2009 to September 2010. Median annual hours spent
on volunteer activities ranged from a high of 96 hours for volunteers age 65 and
over to a low of 40 hours for those 16 to 34 years old. (See table 2.)
Number and Type of Organizations
Most volunteers were involved with either one or two organizations--69.1 and 19.8
percent, respectively. Individuals with higher educational attainment were more
likely to volunteer for multiple organizations than were those with less educa-
tion. (See table 3.)
In 2010, the main organization--the organization for which the volunteer worked
the most hours during the year--was most frequently religious (33.8 percent of
all volunteers), followed by educational or youth service related (26.5 percent).
Another 13.6 percent of volunteers performed activities mainly for social or com-
munity service organizations. (See table 4.)
Older volunteers were more likely to volunteer mainly for religious organizations
than were their younger counterparts. For example, 44.6 percent of volunteers age
65 and over did their service mainly through or for a religious organization, com-
pared with 28.2 percent of volunteers age 16 to 24.
The type of main organization for which individuals volunteered also varied by edu-
cational attainment. Volunteering mainly for religious organizations decreased as
educational attainment increased. Among volunteers with less than a high school
diploma, 49.7 percent volunteered mainly for religious organizations, compared
with 31.9 percent of those with a bachelor's degree and higher. Volunteering pri-
marily for educational or youth service organizations increased with educational
attainment. Of volunteers with less than a high school diploma, 23.9 percent vol-
unteered mainly for this type of organization, compared with 27.3 percent of those
with a bachelor's degree and higher.
Among volunteers with children under 18 years old, 44.8 percent of mothers and 39.6
percent of fathers volunteered mainly for an educational or youth service organi-
zation, such as a school or scouting group. Volunteers without children under 18
were more likely than parents to volunteer for other types of organizations, such
as social or community service organizations and hospitals or other health organi-
zations.
Main Volunteer Activity for Main Organization
The main activity volunteers performed for their main organization was most fre-
quently fundraising (10.9 percent); collecting, preparing, distributing, or serv-
ing food (9.9 percent); or tutoring or teaching (9.8 percent). Men and women tend-
ed to engage in different main activities. Men who volunteered were most likely
to engage in general labor (11.5 percent); coach, referee, or supervise sports
teams (10.2 percent); or fundraise (9.3 percent). Female volunteers were most
likely to fundraise (12.1 percent); tutor or teach (11.5 percent); or collect,
prepare, distribute, or serve food (11.4 percent). (See table 5.)
Educational attainment influenced the types of activities volunteers performed.
College graduates were more likely than those with less education to tutor or
teach or to provide professional or management assistance. They were least likely
to collect, make, or distribute clothing, crafts, or goods other than food.
Parents were considerably more likely than those without children to engage in
volunteer activities that are frequently related to children--including coaching,
refereeing, or supervising sports teams; tutoring or teaching; and mentoring youth.
How Volunteers Became Involved with Main Organization
About 42.7 percent of volunteers became involved with their main organization after
being asked to volunteer, most often by someone in the organization. About 41.6 per-
cent became involved on their own initiative; that is, they approached the organiza-
tion. (See table 6.)
Technical Note
The data in this release were collected through a supplement to the September 2010
Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS--a monthly survey of about 60,000 house-
holds conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics--focuses
on obtaining information on employment and unemployment among the nation's civilian
noninstitutional population age 16 and over. The purpose of this supplement to the
CPS was to obtain information on the incidence of volunteering and the characteris-
tics of volunteers in the United States.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals
upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance
that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they repre-
sent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the es-
timate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an esti-
mate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally con-
ducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur
for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, in-
ability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwil-
lingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the col-
lection or processing of the data.
A full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and for information
on estimating standard errors is available on the BLS Web Site at www.bls.gov/cps/
documentation.htm#reliability.
The Census Bureau introduces adjustments to the population controls for the CPS as
part of its annual update of population estimates. For this reason, the data for 2010
presented in this release are not strictly comparable with data for 2009 and earlier
years. Additional information is available on the internet at www.bls.gov/cps/docu-
mentation.htm#pop.
Volunteer questions and concepts
In the September 2010 supplement, questions on volunteer activities were asked of
all households. Efforts were made to have household members answer the volunteer
questions for themselves. (Generally, one member of the household answers all the
questions in the CPS on behalf of the entire household.) Self-response was consid-
ered important for the volunteer supplement because research indicated that self-re-
spondents could more easily answer questions on the characteristics of the volunteer
activity. About 67 percent of the responses were self-reports.
The survey was introduced as follows: "This month, we are interested in volunteer
activities, that is, activities for which people are not paid, except perhaps expenses.
We only want you to include volunteer activities that you did through or for an organ-
ization, even if you only did them once in a while."
Following this introduction, respondents were asked the first supplement question:
"Since September 1st of last year, have you done any volunteer activities through or
for an organization?"
If respondents did not answer "yes" to the first question, they were asked the fol-
lowing question: "Sometimes people don't think of activities they do infrequently or
activities they do for children's schools or youth organizations as volunteer activi-
ties. Since September 1st of last year, have you done any of these types of volunteer
activities?"
Respondents were considered volunteers if they answered "yes" to either of these
questions. This is the same method of identifying volunteers as was used in each of
the eight prior supplements.
Respondents classified as volunteers were asked further questions about the number
and type of organizations for which they volunteered, total hours spent volunteering,
how they became involved with the main organization for which they volunteered, the
type of activities they performed for the main organization, and what their main acti-
vity was.
The reference period for the questions on volunteering was about 1 year, from
September 1, 2009, through the survey week in September 2010. The reference period
for other characteristics--such as labor force status, educational attainment, and
marital status--refer to the survey reference week in September 2010. It is possi-
ble that these characteristics were different at the time volunteer activities were
performed.
One new question was added to the 2008 survey to determine whether or not respon-
dents had donated money, assets, or property with a combined value of more than $25
to charitable or religious organizations in the past 12 months. Two questions asked
in the 2007 supplement were removed in 2008. These questions asked how often respon-
dents who had attended public meetings or who had worked with others in their neigh-
borhood to fix a problem did so.
Definitions
Volunteers are persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities at any point from
September 1, 2009, through the survey period in September 2010. The count of volun-
teers only includes persons who volunteered through or for an organization; the figures
do not include persons who volunteered in a more informal manner. For example, a woman
who taught acting to children through a local theater would be considered a volunteer.
However, a woman who, on her own, organized softball games for the children in her
neighborhood would not be counted as a volunteer for the purpose of this survey.
Organizations are associations, societies, or groups of people who share a common
interest. Examples include churches, youth groups, and civic organizations. For the
purpose of this study, organizations are grouped into eight major categories, including
religious, youth, and social or community service organizations.
In the 2005 survey, one organization category, immigrant/refugee assistance, was ad-
ded to the questionnaire as a possible response. Responses that were collected in this
category may have been distributed over at least six of the major organization catego-
ries in previous years. For this reason, the addition of the new response category
created a break in the comparability of organizations between 2005 and prior years.
Because few people reported volunteering for immigrant/refugee assistance organizations
and because the group was not a definite subset of any of the major organization cate-
gories, those persons who did report that they volunteered for immigrant/refugee assis-
tance organizations were placed in the "other" group.
The main organization is the organization for which the volunteer worked the most
hours during the year. If a respondent volunteered for only one organization, it was
considered the main organization, even if exact hours were not obtained.
In order to identify the type of main organization, respondents provided information
about the organization and, for those who volunteered for more than one organization,
annual hours worked for each. Some respondents did not provide the information neces-
sary to determine the main organization. For these respondents, the follow-up questions
on activities and how they became involved with the main organization asked them to re-
port on the organization for which they think they spent the most time volunteering.
Activities are the specific tasks the volunteer did for an organization. Examples
include tutoring, fundraising, and serving food. The activity categories were modified
in 2005, thus creating a break in the comparability of activities between 2005 and prior
years.
In 2006, a new question was added that asked respondents on which of the activities
they mentioned they spent the most time. Previously, respondents reported all of the
activities they did for their main organization. The new question identified which of
them was the main activity for the main organization.
Table 1. Volunteers by selected characteristics, September 2010
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes Men Women
Volunteers Volunteers Volunteers
Characteristics in September 2010 Civilian Civilian Civilian
noninsti- noninsti- noninsti-
tutional Percent tutional Percent tutional Percent
popula- Number of popula- Number of popula- Number of
tion popula- tion popula- tion popula-
tion tion tion
Age
Total, 16 years and over................ 238,322 62,790 26.3 115,433 26,787 23.2 122,889 36,004 29.3
16 to 24 years........................ 37,948 8,297 21.9 19,126 3,657 19.1 18,822 4,640 24.7
16 to 19 years..................... 16,839 4,403 26.1 8,546 1,959 22.9 8,293 2,443 29.5
20 to 24 years..................... 21,110 3,894 18.4 10,581 1,698 16.0 10,529 2,196 20.9
25 years and over..................... 200,374 54,493 27.2 96,307 23,129 24.0 104,067 31,364 30.1
25 to 34 years..................... 41,045 9,140 22.3 20,545 3,756 18.3 20,500 5,384 26.3
35 to 44 years..................... 40,014 12,904 32.2 19,773 5,351 27.1 20,240 7,553 37.3
45 to 54 years..................... 44,333 13,435 30.3 21,736 5,935 27.3 22,597 7,500 33.2
55 to 64 years..................... 36,148 9,830 27.2 17,419 4,303 24.7 18,729 5,527 29.5
65 years and over.................. 38,834 9,184 23.6 16,834 3,784 22.5 22,001 5,400 24.5
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White................................... 192,391 53,556 27.8 94,254 23,004 24.4 98,137 30,552 31.1
Black or African American............... 28,794 5,580 19.4 12,982 2,232 17.2 15,812 3,348 21.2
Asian................................... 11,247 2,207 19.6 5,368 952 17.7 5,879 1,255 21.3
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity............ 33,927 4,982 14.7 17,473 2,126 12.2 16,454 2,856 17.4
Educational attainment (1)
Less than a high school diploma......... 25,243 2,231 8.8 12,473 912 7.3 12,770 1,319 10.3
High school graduates, no college (2)... 60,912 10,887 17.9 29,697 4,696 15.8 31,215 6,192 19.8
Some college or associate degree ....... 53,068 15,505 29.2 24,284 6,176 25.4 28,785 9,329 32.4
Bachelor's degree and higher (3)........ 61,151 25,870 42.3 29,854 11,346 38.0 31,297 14,524 46.4
Marital status
Single, never married................... 69,699 14,145 20.3 37,143 6,373 17.2 32,556 7,772 23.9
Married, spouse present................. 121,301 38,765 32.0 61,287 17,527 28.6 60,015 21,239 35.4
Other marital status (4)................ 47,322 9,880 20.9 17,004 2,887 17.0 30,318 6,992 23.1
Presence of own children
under 18 years (5)
Without own children under 18........... 170,955 40,130 23.5 85,570 17,662 20.6 85,385 22,467 26.3
With own children under 18.............. 67,367 22,661 33.6 29,863 9,124 30.6 37,503 13,536 36.1
Employment status
Civilian labor force.................... 155,170 44,522 28.7 82,548 20,953 25.4 72,622 23,569 32.5
Employed.............................. 140,316 40,980 29.2 74,323 19,304 26.0 65,993 21,677 32.8
Full time (6)....................... 112,160 31,625 28.2 64,271 16,573 25.8 47,889 15,053 31.4
Part time (7)....................... 28,157 9,355 33.2 10,053 2,731 27.2 18,104 6,624 36.6
Unemployed............................ 14,854 3,542 23.8 8,225 1,649 20.0 6,629 1,893 28.6
Not in the labor force.................. 83,152 18,268 22.0 32,885 5,834 17.7 50,266 12,434 24.7
1 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
2 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes persons with bachelor's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
4 Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
5 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews,
grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.
6 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
7 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an organization at any point
from September 1, 2009, through the survey period in September 2010. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or
African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is
identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 2. Volunteers by annual hours of volunteer activities and selected characteristics, September 2010
Percent distribution of total annual hours spent volunteering
at all organizations
Total Median
volunteers annual
Characteristics in September 2010 (thousands) Not hours
1 to 14 15 to 49 50 to 99 100 to 500 report- (1)
Total hour(s) hours hours 499 hours ing
hours and over annual
hours
Sex
Total, both sexes....................... 62,790 100.0 20.5 24.7 15.6 28.1 5.7 5.4 52
Men.................................. 26,787 100.0 20.3 24.9 15.9 28.0 5.6 5.3 52
Women................................ 36,004 100.0 20.6 24.6 15.3 28.2 5.7 5.5 52
Age
Total, 16 years and over................ 62,790 100.0 20.5 24.7 15.6 28.1 5.7 5.4 52
16 to 24 years........................ 8,297 100.0 24.3 27.0 15.3 23.6 3.6 6.2 40
16 to 19 years..................... 4,403 100.0 23.7 28.0 18.0 21.9 2.0 6.4 40
20 to 24 years..................... 3,894 100.0 25.1 25.8 12.2 25.4 5.4 6.1 40
25 years and over..................... 54,493 100.0 19.9 24.4 15.6 28.8 6.0 5.3 52
25 to 34 years..................... 9,140 100.0 26.0 27.0 14.6 22.8 3.9 5.7 40
35 to 44 years..................... 12,904 100.0 23.1 26.0 15.6 26.5 4.9 3.9 48
45 to 54 years..................... 13,435 100.0 19.6 25.2 16.2 28.5 5.5 5.0 52
55 to 64 years..................... 9,830 100.0 17.0 23.3 16.1 30.8 6.5 6.2 60
65 years and over.................. 9,184 100.0 13.0 19.4 15.3 36.4 9.5 6.3 96
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White................................... 53,556 100.0 20.4 24.7 15.8 28.3 5.7 5.1 52
Black or African American............... 5,580 100.0 19.2 24.2 14.6 28.8 5.6 7.6 52
Asian................................... 2,207 100.0 23.0 25.5 14.1 24.6 5.2 7.6 48
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity............ 4,982 100.0 22.0 24.2 14.3 28.3 6.8 4.4 52
Educational attainment (2)
Less than a high school diploma......... 2,231 100.0 20.5 24.9 15.6 27.7 5.7 5.6 52
High school graduates, no college (3)... 10,887 100.0 21.6 23.5 15.2 27.8 6.1 5.8 52
Some college or associate degree ....... 15,505 100.0 21.3 24.2 14.4 28.3 6.9 5.0 52
Bachelor's degree and higher (4)........ 25,870 100.0 18.3 24.8 16.5 29.7 5.4 5.3 56
Marital status
Single, never married................... 14,145 100.0 24.5 26.6 15.2 23.0 4.0 6.6 40
Married, spouse present................. 38,765 100.0 19.0 24.3 15.8 30.0 6.0 4.8 56
Other marital status (5)................ 9,880 100.0 20.5 23.5 15.2 28.0 6.7 6.0 52
Presence of own children
under 18 years (6)
Men:
No own children under 18 years old.... 17,662 100.0 20.0 24.6 15.4 28.1 6.0 6.0 52
With own children under 18 years old.. 9,124 100.0 21.0 25.4 16.8 28.0 4.8 3.9 52
Women:
No own children under 18 years old.... 22,467 100.0 19.1 24.0 15.3 29.0 6.2 6.3 52
With own children under 18 years old.. 13,536 100.0 23.2 25.6 15.4 26.8 4.8 4.2 48
Employment status
Civilian labor force.................... 44,522 100.0 22.2 26.2 15.8 26.1 4.7 5.1 48
Employed.............................. 40,980 100.0 22.2 25.9 16.0 26.1 4.5 5.2 48
Full time (7)....................... 31,625 100.0 22.7 26.2 15.9 25.7 4.3 5.3 48
Part time (8)....................... 9,355 100.0 20.7 25.2 16.3 27.4 5.5 4.9 52
Unemployed............................ 3,542 100.0 21.6 29.3 13.8 25.4 6.3 3.6 47
Not in the labor force.................. 18,268 100.0 16.5 21.1 15.0 33.2 8.0 6.3 72
1 For those reporting annual hours.
2 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
3 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
4 Includes persons with bachelor's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
5 Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
6 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews,
grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.
7 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
8 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an organization at any point
from September 1, 2009, through the survey period in September 2010. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or
African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity
is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 3. Volunteers by number of organizations for which volunteer activities were performed and
selected characteristics, September 2010
Percent distribution of the number of
organizations for which volunteer activities
were performed
Characteristics in September 2010
Not
Total Five reporting
volunteers Total One Two Three Four or number of
(thousands) more organiza-
tions
Sex
Total, both sexes....................... 62,790 100.0 69.1 19.8 7.3 2.3 1.2 0.4
Men.................................. 26,787 100.0 70.6 19.4 6.6 2.1 .9 .4
Women................................ 36,004 100.0 68.0 20.1 7.7 2.4 1.4 .5
Age
Total, 16 years and over................ 62,790 100.0 69.1 19.8 7.3 2.3 1.2 .4
16 to 24 years........................ 8,297 100.0 74.6 16.9 5.6 1.6 .9 .6
16 to 19 years..................... 4,403 100.0 73.0 18.3 6.1 1.5 .5 .5
20 to 24 years..................... 3,894 100.0 76.3 15.2 4.9 1.6 1.3 .7
25 years and over..................... 54,493 100.0 68.3 20.2 7.5 2.4 1.2 .4
25 to 34 years..................... 9,140 100.0 74.3 17.8 5.3 1.3 .6 .6
35 to 44 years..................... 12,904 100.0 67.8 21.0 8.1 2.0 .9 .2
45 to 54 years..................... 13,435 100.0 66.5 21.0 8.0 2.6 1.4 .5
55 to 64 years..................... 9,830 100.0 66.8 19.9 7.8 3.2 1.9 .4
65 years and over.................. 9,184 100.0 67.1 20.8 7.9 2.6 1.3 .3
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White................................... 53,556 100.0 67.8 20.4 7.7 2.4 1.2 .4
Black or African American............... 5,580 100.0 78.0 15.9 3.8 1.6 .6 .1
Asian................................... 2,207 100.0 77.9 15.6 5.2 .5 .4 .4
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity............ 4,982 100.0 81.2 12.9 4.4 .9 .4 .2
Educational attainment (1)
Less than a high school diploma......... 2,231 100.0 88.7 8.8 1.4 .8 .2 .1
High school graduates, no college (2)... 10,887 100.0 77.5 16.0 4.5 1.1 .5 .4
Some college or associate degree ....... 15,505 100.0 69.6 20.3 6.8 1.9 .9 .5
Bachelor's degree and higher (3)........ 25,870 100.0 61.9 22.9 9.7 3.3 1.8 .4
Marital status
Single, never married................... 14,145 100.0 73.6 17.3 6.0 1.7 .8 .6
Married, spouse present................. 38,765 100.0 67.3 20.9 7.7 2.4 1.3 .4
Other marital status (4)................ 9,880 100.0 69.7 18.9 7.3 2.4 1.3 .5
Presence of own children under
18 years (5)
Men:
No own children under 18 years old.... 17,662 100.0 71.2 18.8 6.4 2.2 .9 .5
With own children under 18 years old.. 9,124 100.0 69.5 20.5 7.0 1.8 .9 .2
Women:
No own children under 18 years old.... 22,467 100.0 68.5 19.4 7.7 2.4 1.4 .6
With own children under 18 years old.. 13,536 100.0 67.1 21.2 7.8 2.4 1.3 .3
Employment status
Civilian labor force.................... 44,522 100.0 68.8 19.8 7.5 2.3 1.1 .5
Employed.............................. 40,980 100.0 68.6 19.9 7.6 2.3 1.2 .5
Full time (6)....................... 31,625 100.0 69.0 19.8 7.4 2.2 1.1 .5
Part time (7)....................... 9,355 100.0 67.3 20.1 8.3 2.5 1.3 .4
Unemployed............................ 3,542 100.0 71.8 18.8 6.4 2.0 .8 .2
Not in the labor force.................. 18,268 100.0 69.7 19.7 6.6 2.2 1.3 .4
1 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
2 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes persons with bachelor's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
4 Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
5 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are
nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.
6 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
7 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an
organization at any point from September 1, 2009, through the survey period in September 2010.
Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to
totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 4. Volunteers by type of main organization for which volunteer activities were performed and selected characteristics,
September 2010
Percent distribution of volunteers by type of main organization (1)
Civic,
polit- Educa- Envir- Hospi- Social Sport,
Characteristics in September 2010 Total ical, tional on- tal Pub- or hobby, Not
volun- Total profes- or mental or lic Relig- commun- cul- Other deter-
teers sional, youth or other safe- ious ity tural, mined
(thou- or inter- ser- animal health ty service or arts
sands) national vice care
Sex
Total, both sexes....................... 62,790 100.0 5.3 26.5 2.4 7.9 1.3 33.8 13.6 3.3 3.7 2.2
Men.................................. 26,787 100.0 6.4 25.4 2.4 6.5 2.2 32.9 14.2 3.9 4.0 2.1
Women................................ 36,004 100.0 4.5 27.2 2.5 9.0 .6 34.5 13.1 2.8 3.5 2.2
Age
Total, 16 years and over................ 62,790 100.0 5.3 26.5 2.4 7.9 1.3 33.8 13.6 3.3 3.7 2.2
16 to 24 years........................ 8,297 100.0 4.2 30.3 3.3 9.0 1.8 28.2 13.5 3.4 3.5 2.9
16 to 19 years..................... 4,403 100.0 3.3 33.6 2.0 8.0 1.4 30.0 12.6 3.2 2.6 3.2
20 to 24 years..................... 3,894 100.0 5.4 26.5 4.7 10.0 2.2 26.2 14.5 3.6 4.4 2.6
25 years and over..................... 54,493 100.0 5.5 25.9 2.3 7.8 1.2 34.7 13.6 3.3 3.8 2.0
25 to 34 years..................... 9,140 100.0 4.6 31.4 2.7 9.4 1.5 28.0 13.6 3.0 3.5 2.4
35 to 44 years..................... 12,904 100.0 4.2 40.3 1.9 6.4 1.0 27.4 11.9 2.7 2.5 1.6
45 to 54 years..................... 13,435 100.0 5.0 27.8 2.3 6.7 1.2 35.6 11.9 3.4 3.8 2.1
55 to 64 years..................... 9,830 100.0 6.9 15.3 2.7 7.9 1.5 40.0 15.1 3.5 4.8 2.3
65 years and over.................. 9,184 100.0 7.2 8.6 2.0 9.4 .9 44.6 16.8 4.0 4.6 2.0
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White................................... 53,556 100.0 5.5 26.8 2.7 8.1 1.4 32.6 13.6 3.5 3.8 2.1
Black or African American............... 5,580 100.0 4.6 23.0 .5 5.9 .3 45.4 13.7 1.6 2.8 2.2
Asian................................... 2,207 100.0 2.3 27.0 1.3 8.3 .3 38.9 10.9 3.3 4.1 3.6
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity............ 4,982 100.0 3.1 35.7 1.4 5.3 1.2 35.9 10.9 2.2 2.7 1.7
Educational attainment (2)
Less than a high school diploma......... 2,231 100.0 3.3 23.9 .4 4.7 1.0 49.7 11.1 1.2 3.6 1.2
High school graduates, no college (3)... 10,887 100.0 5.1 23.7 1.5 8.1 1.8 39.0 12.9 2.5 3.8 1.6
Some college or associate degree ....... 15,505 100.0 5.5 25.2 2.4 8.4 1.7 34.3 13.2 3.1 4.2 1.9
Bachelor's degree and higher (4)........ 25,870 100.0 5.7 27.3 2.7 7.6 .7 31.9 14.3 3.9 3.5 2.4
Marital status
Single, never married................... 14,145 100.0 5.7 28.4 3.5 9.4 1.4 25.1 15.2 4.1 4.2 3.1
Married, spouse present................. 38,765 100.0 5.0 27.5 1.9 6.8 1.3 37.5 12.2 3.0 3.1 1.8
Other marital status (5)................ 9,880 100.0 5.9 19.8 3.1 10.2 1.0 32.2 16.7 3.3 5.3 2.4
Presence of own children
under 18 years (6)
Men:
No own children under 18 years old.... 17,662 100.0 7.8 18.1 2.9 7.6 2.4 33.5 16.3 4.1 5.0 2.4
With own children under 18 years old.. 9,124 100.0 3.5 39.6 1.3 4.5 1.8 31.9 10.1 3.6 2.2 1.5
Women:
No own children under 18 years old.... 22,467 100.0 5.6 16.7 3.2 10.7 .8 37.1 15.8 3.5 4.0 2.7
With own children under 18 years old.. 13,536 100.0 2.7 44.8 1.3 6.1 .2 30.3 8.7 1.8 2.6 1.3
Employment status
Civilian labor force.................... 44,522 100.0 5.3 28.3 2.5 7.9 1.4 32.1 13.2 3.4 3.7 2.2
Employed.............................. 40,980 100.0 5.3 28.0 2.5 7.9 1.4 32.2 13.3 3.5 3.6 2.3
Full time (7)....................... 31,625 100.0 5.8 27.9 2.5 7.9 1.6 31.4 13.6 3.5 3.6 2.3
Part time (8)....................... 9,355 100.0 3.8 28.5 2.4 7.9 .9 34.9 12.2 3.5 3.8 2.1
Unemployed............................ 3,542 100.0 5.0 31.5 3.0 8.6 1.6 30.2 12.4 2.1 4.3 1.2
Not in the labor force.................. 18,268 100.0 5.3 21.9 2.3 8.0 .9 38.2 14.4 3.1 3.8 2.1
1 Main organization is defined as the organization for which the volunteer worked the most hours during the year. See the
Technical Note for more details.
2 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
3 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
4 Includes persons with bachelor's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
5 Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
6 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren,
and other related and unrelated children.
7 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
8 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an organization at any point from
September 1, 2009, through the survey period in September 2010. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African
American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified
as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 5. Main volunteer activity for main organization for which activities were performed and selected characteristics,
September 2010
Percent distribution of main volunteer activity for main organization (1)
Pro-
vide
pro-
Col- Pro- fes-
lect, vide sional
Coach Col- make, coun- or Engage Engage
Total re- lect, or Fund- sel- manage- in in
volun- fer- Be an pre- distrib- raise ing, Pro- ment music, gener-
Characteristics in September 2010 teers ee, Tu- usher, pare, ute or medi- vide as- perfor- al Equal
(thous- or tor Men- greet- dis- cloth- sell cal gener- sis- mance- labor; Oth- time
sands) sup- or tor er, or trib- ing, items care,- al tance, or supply er among
er- teach youth mini- ute, crafts- to fire/ office includ- other trans- all
vise ster or or raise EMS, servi- ing artis- por-
sports- serve goods money or ces serv- tic tation
teams food other protec- ing on activi- to
than tive a ties people
food servi- board
ces or
com-
mit-
tee
Sex
Total, both sexes....................... 62,790 5.8 9.8 6.0 4.0 9.9 3.3 10.9 3.2 5.1 7.2 4.0 8.4 14.6 7.9
Men.................................. 26,787 10.2 7.5 5.7 5.1 7.9 1.9 9.3 3.7 3.0 8.2 3.8 11.5 14.6 7.4
Women................................ 36,004 2.5 11.5 6.1 3.2 11.4 4.3 12.1 2.8 6.6 6.4 4.2 6.0 14.6 8.3
Age
Total, 16 years and over................ 62,790 5.8 9.8 6.0 4.0 9.9 3.3 10.9 3.2 5.1 7.2 4.0 8.4 14.6 7.9
16 to 24 years........................ 8,297 6.2 9.6 8.7 2.8 8.7 3.4 10.4 3.0 4.5 1.4 5.4 10.7 17.4 7.8
16 to 19 years..................... 4,403 6.6 8.4 8.2 2.9 9.3 3.0 11.3 2.0 3.9 .6 5.9 12.0 17.8 8.1
20 to 24 years..................... 3,894 5.8 11.1 9.3 2.8 8.0 3.9 9.2 4.0 5.2 2.4 4.9 9.2 16.9 7.4
25 years and over..................... 54,493 5.8 9.8 5.6 4.2 10.1 3.2 11.0 3.2 5.1 8.1 3.8 8.0 14.1 7.9
25 to 34 years..................... 9,140 7.8 11.5 7.5 2.6 7.8 3.0 11.7 4.1 4.1 5.0 4.4 7.9 15.6 6.9
35 to 44 years..................... 12,904 10.0 11.9 7.5 2.2 8.6 2.6 12.2 2.9 4.3 6.5 3.2 7.6 12.5 8.1
45 to 54 years..................... 13,435 6.2 9.8 5.6 4.0 10.4 2.9 12.4 3.3 4.5 8.5 3.4 8.0 12.6 8.3
55 to 64 years..................... 9,830 2.2 8.4 4.1 5.4 11.1 2.9 10.1 3.3 5.6 11.2 4.4 8.8 14.8 7.8
65 years and over.................. 9,184 .8 6.7 2.3 7.6 13.1 5.3 7.7 2.6 7.8 9.3 4.2 7.9 16.5 8.4
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White................................... 53,556 6.0 10.0 5.8 3.8 9.5 3.2 11.3 3.2 4.9 7.7 3.9 8.6 14.5 7.7
Black or African American............... 5,580 4.7 8.6 8.5 6.0 13.0 4.4 8.8 2.8 5.5 4.1 5.2 5.8 13.3 9.2
Asian................................... 2,207 3.0 9.0 5.5 4.9 11.9 2.2 8.7 3.5 7.3 4.4 4.6 8.1 18.4 8.3
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity............ 4,982 7.4 11.2 6.4 4.8 10.9 3.8 9.6 3.3 4.5 3.1 3.5 6.9 17.0 7.6
Educational attainment (2)
Less than a high school diploma......... 2,231 2.0 5.9 4.3 6.8 17.6 5.4 9.5 2.2 4.4 2.1 3.8 11.2 18.1 6.8
High school graduates, no college (3)... 10,887 4.9 6.9 4.2 5.6 13.3 4.1 11.6 3.1 5.4 4.5 3.4 10.5 14.2 8.3
Some college or associate degree ....... 15,505 6.0 8.7 5.7 4.2 11.0 3.7 11.6 3.0 5.7 5.1 3.3 8.5 15.1 8.5
Bachelor's degree and higher (4)........ 25,870 6.3 12.0 6.1 3.4 7.6 2.5 10.6 3.5 4.8 11.8 4.3 6.4 13.2 7.6
Marital status
Single, never married................... 14,145 5.6 8.8 7.2 2.9 8.6 3.3 11.1 3.6 4.8 3.8 4.5 10.4 17.8 7.6
Married, spouse present................. 38,765 6.5 10.7 5.8 4.2 9.9 2.9 11.0 2.9 4.9 8.7 4.0 7.6 12.9 8.1
Other marital status (5)................ 9,880 3.5 7.6 5.0 5.2 12.0 4.6 10.2 3.5 6.3 6.2 3.5 8.2 16.4 7.7
Presence of own children
under 18 years (6)
Men:
No own children under 18 years old.... 17,662 5.3 6.7 4.8 5.7 8.5 2.2 9.3 4.0 3.6 9.2 4.0 12.7 16.6 7.2
With own children under 18 years old.. 9,124 19.8 9.1 7.5 4.0 6.8 1.3 9.4 3.1 1.8 6.3 3.3 9.3 10.7 7.8
Women:
No own children under 18 years old.... 22,467 1.6 9.3 5.4 3.9 12.1 4.7 11.1 3.3 7.1 6.5 4.9 6.4 15.8 7.8
With own children under 18 years old.. 13,536 4.1 15.1 7.4 2.1 10.1 3.6 13.8 1.9 5.7 6.3 3.2 5.2 12.5 9.1
Employment status
Civilian labor force.................... 44,522 7.2 10.0 6.5 3.6 9.2 2.7 12.0 3.5 3.9 7.7 4.0 8.4 13.6 7.6
Employed.............................. 40,980 7.4 10.0 6.5 3.6 9.0 2.6 12.1 3.5 3.8 8.1 4.0 8.2 13.5 7.7
Full time (7)....................... 31,625 8.1 9.4 6.6 3.6 8.7 2.6 12.4 3.6 3.4 8.8 3.9 8.4 13.2 7.5
Part time (8)....................... 9,355 4.9 12.1 6.1 4.0 10.2 2.9 11.2 3.4 5.1 5.5 4.2 7.7 14.4 8.4
Unemployed............................ 3,542 5.5 9.1 6.5 3.6 11.4 3.1 10.7 2.8 6.0 3.8 4.8 10.7 14.8 7.1
Not in the labor force.................. 18,268 2.4 9.3 4.7 5.0 11.6 4.7 8.3 2.4 7.8 5.9 4.0 8.2 16.9 8.7
1 Main organization is defined as the organization for which the volunteer worked the most hours during the year. See the Technical
Note for more details.
2 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
3 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
4 Includes persons with bachelor's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
5 Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
6 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other
related and unrelated children.
7 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
8 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an organization at any point from September 1,
2009, through the survey period in September 2010. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian)
do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of
any race.
Table 6. Volunteers by how they became involved with main organization for which volunteer activities were performed and
selected characteristics, September 2010
Percent distribution of how volunteers became involved with main
organization (1)
Total Was asked by:
volun- Not
Characteristics in September 2010 teers Approached report-
(thou- the Rela- Someone ing how
sands) Total organi- Boss or tive, in the Other became
zation Total employ- friend, organiza- Someone in-
(2) er or tion/ else volved
co- school
worker
Sex
Total, both sexes....................... 62,790 100.0 41.6 42.7 1.4 14.9 24.9 1.2 12.4 3.3
Men.................................. 26,787 100.0 40.5 43.9 1.3 16.6 24.6 1.2 12.3 3.3
Women................................ 36,004 100.0 42.4 41.7 1.5 13.7 25.1 1.2 12.5 3.3
Age
Total, 16 years and over................ 62,790 100.0 41.6 42.7 1.4 14.9 24.9 1.2 12.4 3.3
16 to 24 years........................ 8,297 100.0 43.1 39.4 1.0 16.8 20.4 1.0 13.3 4.3
16 to 19 years..................... 4,403 100.0 41.9 40.1 .3 16.8 22.0 .9 13.9 4.1
20 to 24 years..................... 3,894 100.0 44.4 38.5 1.9 16.8 18.5 1.1 12.5 4.6
25 years and over..................... 54,493 100.0 41.3 43.2 1.5 14.7 25.6 1.2 12.3 3.2
25 to 34 years..................... 9,140 100.0 39.3 44.2 2.8 16.9 22.9 1.4 13.0 3.6
35 to 44 years..................... 12,904 100.0 40.4 45.0 1.5 13.8 28.3 1.1 12.0 2.7
45 to 54 years..................... 13,435 100.0 41.1 43.7 1.4 14.6 26.2 1.2 12.4 2.8
55 to 64 years..................... 9,830 100.0 42.6 41.5 1.2 14.9 24.0 1.3 12.4 3.6
65 years and over.................. 9,184 100.0 43.8 40.7 .5 13.4 25.4 1.2 11.9 3.6
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White................................... 53,556 100.0 41.6 43.0 1.5 15.0 25.2 1.2 12.3 3.2
Black or African American............... 5,580 100.0 43.1 40.1 1.0 13.6 23.7 1.7 13.4 3.4
Asian................................... 2,207 100.0 40.0 42.6 1.4 14.5 25.7 1.1 11.0 6.4
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity............ 4,982 100.0 43.5 40.8 1.7 13.4 24.3 1.3 13.1 2.5
Educational attainment (3)
Less than a high school diploma......... 2,231 100.0 41.2 43.9 1.0 15.6 25.6 1.7 12.6 2.3
High school graduates, no college (4)... 10,887 100.0 41.6 44.0 1.6 16.1 24.8 1.3 12.0 2.4
Some college or associate degree ....... 15,505 100.0 41.1 42.8 1.3 14.4 25.5 1.5 13.1 3.0
Bachelor's degree and higher (5)........ 25,870 100.0 41.4 43.0 1.6 14.1 26.0 1.0 11.9 3.7
Marital status
Single, never married................... 14,145 100.0 42.1 39.9 1.5 17.4 19.5 1.3 13.7 4.4
Married, spouse present................. 38,765 100.0 40.8 44.2 1.2 14.1 27.5 1.1 12.0 3.0
Other marital status (6)................ 9,880 100.0 44.0 40.5 1.9 14.6 22.3 1.6 12.2 3.3
Presence of own children under
18 years (7)
Men:
No own children under 18 years old.... 17,662 100.0 40.7 42.8 1.3 17.1 22.9 1.3 12.7 3.8
With own children under 18 years old.. 9,124 100.0 40.0 46.1 1.3 15.4 28.0 1.0 11.5 2.4
Women:
No own children under 18 years old.... 22,467 100.0 43.7 39.5 1.6 14.8 21.5 1.3 12.8 4.0
With own children under 18 years old.. 13,536 100.0 40.2 45.4 1.3 11.9 31.0 1.2 12.1 2.3
Employment status
Civilian labor force.................... 44,522 100.0 40.6 44.0 1.9 15.6 25.1 1.2 12.3 3.1
Employed.............................. 40,980 100.0 40.5 44.0 2.0 15.3 25.3 1.2 12.3 3.2
Full time (8)....................... 31,625 100.0 39.8 44.4 2.3 15.6 25.0 1.2 12.5 3.4
Part time (9)....................... 9,355 100.0 43.0 42.7 .8 14.4 26.2 1.2 11.6 2.7
Unemployed............................ 3,542 100.0 41.6 43.8 .5 18.8 23.2 1.2 13.1 1.5
Not in the labor force.................. 18,268 100.0 44.0 39.5 .3 13.3 24.4 1.2 12.7 3.8
1 Main organization is defined as the organization for which the volunteer worked the most hours during the year. See
the Technical Note for more details.
2 Includes persons who did not specify who asked them to volunteer, not shown separately.
3 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
4 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
5 Includes persons with bachelor's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
6 Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
7 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews,
grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.
8 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
9 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
NOTE: Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer activities for an organization at any point
from September 1, 2009, through the survey period in September 2010. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or
African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity
is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
United States Department of Labor
