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Economic News Release
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Usual Weekly Earnings of Wage and Salary Workers News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Thursday, January 17, 2019                       USDL-19-0077

Technical information: (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                    USUAL WEEKLY EARNINGS OF WAGE AND SALARY WORKERS
                                  FOURTH QUARTER 2018


Median weekly earnings of the nation's 115.9 million full-time wage and salary workers
were $900 in the fourth quarter of 2018 (not seasonally adjusted), the U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics reported today. This was 5.0 percent higher than a year earlier,
compared with a gain of 2.2 percent in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban
Consumers (CPI-U) over the same period.

Data on usual weekly earnings are collected as part of the Current Population Survey,
a nationwide sample survey of households in which respondents are asked, among other
things, how much each wage and salary worker usually earns. (See the Technical Note
in this news release.) Data shown in this news release are not seasonally adjusted
unless otherwise specified.

Highlights from the fourth-quarter data:

   --Median weekly earnings of full-time workers were $900 in the fourth quarter
     of 2018. Women had median weekly earnings of $794, or 80.0 percent of the
     $993 median for men. (See table 2.)

   --The women's-to-men's earnings ratio varied by race and ethnicity. White
     women earned 79.7 percent as much as their male counterparts, compared
     with 86.0 percent for Black women, 74.6 percent for Asian women, and 82.9
     percent for Hispanic women. (See table 2.)

   --Among the major race and ethnicity groups, median weekly earnings of Blacks
     ($712) and Hispanics ($684) working at full-time jobs were lower than those
     of Whites ($931) and Asians ($1,095). By sex, median weekly earnings for
     Black men were $773, or 75.5 percent of the median for White men ($1,024).
     Median earnings for Hispanic men were $736, or 71.9 percent of the median
     for White men. The difference was less among women, as Black women's median
     earnings were $665, or 81.5 percent of those for White women ($816), and
     earnings for Hispanic women were $610, or 74.8 percent of those for White
     women. Earnings of Asian men ($1,256) and women ($937) were higher than those 
     of their White counterparts. (See table 2.) 

   --By age, median weekly earnings were highest for men ages 55 to 64 at $1,191. 
     Usual weekly earnings were highest for women ages 35 to 64: median weekly 
     earnings were $877 for women ages 35 to 44, $876 for women ages 45 to 54, 
     and $895 for women ages 55 to 64. Men and women ages 16 to 24 had the lowest 
     median weekly earnings, $609 and $539, respectively. (See table 3.)

   --Among the major occupational groups, persons employed full time in management,
     professional, and related occupations had the highest median weekly earnings--
     $1,505 for men and $1,102 for women. Men and women employed in service jobs
     earned the least, $675 and $512, respectively. (See table 4.)

   --By educational attainment, full-time workers age 25 and over without a high
     school diploma had median weekly earnings of $543, compared with $746 for
     high school graduates (no college) and $1,340 for those holding at least a
     bachelor's degree. Among college graduates with advanced degrees (master's,
     professional, and doctoral degrees), the highest earning 10 percent of male
     workers made $3,909 or more per week, compared with $2,884 or more for their
     female counterparts. (See table 5.)

   --Seasonally adjusted median weekly earnings were $897 in the fourth quarter
     of 2018, little changed from the previous quarter ($893). (See table 1.)

Annual Averages for 2017 and 2018

In addition to the data for the fourth quarter, this news release includes 2017 and 
2018 annual averages on median weekly earnings for major demographic and occupational
groups, and 2018 annual average data for educational attainment groups. (See tables
7, 8, and 9.) Annual average data on median usual weekly earnings for men and women 
by detailed occupational categories will be posted online at 
www.bls.gov/cps/tables.htm#weekearn when they become available.


   __________________________________________________________________________
  |                                                                          |
  |        Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Usual Weekly Earnings Data        |
  |                                                                          |
  |Seasonally adjusted median usual weekly earnings data shown in table 1    |
  |of this news release have been revised using updated seasonal adjustment  |
  |factors from the Current Population Survey, a procedure done at the end   |
  |of each calendar year. The revisions directly affected the number of      |
  |full-time wage and salary workers and current dollar estimates of median  |
  |weekly earnings; estimates of constant (1982-84) dollar median weekly     |
  |earnings were indirectly affected. Seasonally adjusted estimates back to  |
  |the first quarter of 2014 were subject to revision.                       |
  |                                                                          |
  |The Usual Weekly Earnings news release for the first quarter of 2019,     |
  |scheduled for release on April 16, 2019, will incorporate revisions to    |
  |the seasonally adjusted data for the median weekly earnings in constant   |
  |(1982-84) dollars. Seasonally adjusted constant (1982-84) dollar estimates|
  |back to the first quarter of 2014 will be subject to revision due to      |
  |annual revisions to seasonally adjusted data for the Consumer Price Index |
  |for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).                                          |
  |__________________________________________________________________________|




Technical Note


   The estimates in this release were obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS),
which provides basic information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. The
survey is conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census
Bureau using a scientifically selected national sample of about 60,000 eligible house-
holds, with coverage in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The earnings data
are collected from one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and
salary workers. All self-employed workers, both incorporated and unincorporated, are
excluded from CPS earnings estimates.

   Material in this news release is in the public domain and may be used without
permission. This information is available to sensory impaired individuals upon
request. Voice telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Definitions

   The principal definitions used in connection with the earnings data in this news
release are described briefly below.

   Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes and other deductions and
include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders). Prior to 1994, respondents were asked how much they
usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify
the easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly,
monthly, annually, or other) and how much they usually earn in the reported time period.

   Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent.
The term "usual" is determined by each respondent's own understanding of the term. If
the respondent asks for a definition of "usual," interviewers are instructed to define
the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.

   Medians (and other quantiles) of weekly earnings. The median (or upper limit of the
second quartile) is the midpoint in a given earnings distribution, with half of workers
having earnings above the median and the other half having earnings below the median.
Ten percent of a given distribution have earnings below the upper limit of the first
decile (90 percent have higher earnings), 25 percent have earnings below the upper limit
of the first quartile (75 percent have higher earnings), 75 percent have earnings below
the upper limit of the third quartile (25 percent have higher earnings), and 90 percent
have earnings below the upper limit of the ninth decile (10 percent have higher earnings).

   The BLS procedure for estimating the median of an earnings distribution places each 
reported or calculated weekly earnings value into a $50-wide interval that is centered
around a multiple of $50. The median is calculated through the linear interpolation of 
the interval in which the median lies.

   Changes over time in the medians (and other quantile boundaries) for specific groups
may not necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated for the overall quantile
boundary. The most common reasons for this possible anomaly are as follows: (1) there
could be a change in the relative weights of the subgroups. For example, the median of
16- to 24-year-olds and the median earnings of those 25 years and over may rise, but if
the lower earning 16-to-24 age group accounts for a greatly increased share of the
total, the overall median could actually fall. (2) there could be a large change in the
shape of the distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a quantile boundary.
This change could be caused by survey observations that are clustered at rounded values,
such as $400 or $500. An estimate lying in a $50-wide centered interval containing such
a cluster or "spike" tends to change more slowly than one in other intervals.

   Constant dollars. The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) is used
to convert current dollars to constant (1982-84) dollars.

   Wage and salary workers. These are workers who receive wages, salaries, commissions,
tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group includes employees in both the private
and public sectors but, for the purposes of the earnings series, it excludes all self-
employed persons, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated
businesses.

   Full-time workers. For the purpose of producing estimates of earnings, workers who
usually work 35 hours or more per week at their sole or principal job are defined as
working full time.

   Part-time workers. For the purpose of producing estimates of earnings, workers who
usually work fewer than 35 hours per week at their sole or principal job are defined as
working part time.

   Race. In the survey process, race is determined by the household respondent. In
accordance with the Office of Management and Budget guidelines, White, Black or African
American, Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific 
Islander are terms used to describe a person's race. Estimates for the latter two race
groups and persons who selected more than one race are not included in this release due
to insufficient sample size.

   Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. This refers to people who identified themselves in the
survey process as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. People whose ethnicity
is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Reliability

   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a
sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample
estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of
this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error,
and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a
90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ
by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for
many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability
to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of
respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   Additional information about the reliability of data from the CPS is available on the
BLS website at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and other measures
of labor market activity undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These recurring
events include seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening and closing
of schools. The effect of such seasonal variations can be very large.

   Because seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their
influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments easier to spot. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes
in quarter-to-quarter activity.

   At the end of each calendar year, the seasonally adjusted data are revised for the past
5 years when the seasonal adjustment factors are updated. More information on seasonal
adjustment is available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.




Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by sex, quarterly averages, seasonally adjusted
Year and quarter Number of workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Total Men Women In current dollars In constant (1982-84) dollars
Total
$
Men
$
Women
$
Total
$
Men
$
Women
$

2009

4th quarter

98,555 54,410 44,145 747 823 666 344 379 307

2010

1st quarter

98,143 54,098 44,045 748 836 662 344 384 304

2nd quarter

99,605 55,028 44,577 742 814 671 342 374 309

3rd quarter

100,412 55,620 44,792 746 821 670 342 377 308

4th quarter

99,958 55,486 44,472 750 826 676 341 376 308

2011

1st quarter

99,670 55,337 44,333 750 821 679 338 370 306

2nd quarter

100,347 55,821 44,526 754 830 687 336 370 306

3rd quarter

100,495 56,046 44,449 760 836 681 336 370 301

4th quarter

101,337 56,687 44,650 760 838 686 335 369 302

2012

1st quarter

102,161 57,110 45,051 764 841 693 335 368 303

2nd quarter

102,525 57,079 45,447 772 870 687 337 380 300

3rd quarter

102,587 57,207 45,380 766 836 693 333 364 302

4th quarter

103,748 57,772 45,977 771 868 690 333 375 298

2013

1st quarter

103,928 57,884 46,044 768 860 699 331 370 301

2nd quarter

103,988 57,944 46,044 777 863 706 335 372 304

3rd quarter

104,400 58,082 46,318 779 855 705 334 367 302

4th quarter

104,764 58,095 46,669 782 865 712 334 369 304

2014

1st quarter

105,633 58,682 46,951 790 865 716 335 367 304

2nd quarter

106,342 59,486 46,855 781 860 715 330 363 302

3rd quarter

106,726 59,543 47,183 798 878 721 336 370 304

4th quarter

107,436 60,123 47,313 795 878 724 336 371 306

2015

1st quarter

108,486 60,364 48,122 801 886 724 341 377 307

2nd quarter

108,544 60,400 48,144 803 890 726 339 376 306

3rd quarter

109,269 60,977 48,292 810 896 727 341 377 306

4th quarter

110,049 61,273 48,776 822 904 730 345 380 307

2016

1st quarter

110,427 61,627 48,799 823 903 743 346 380 312

2nd quarter

110,929 61,787 49,142 827 914 744 345 382 311

3rd quarter

111,566 62,082 49,483 833 917 750 346 381 312

4th quarter

111,463 62,249 49,214 846 924 760 349 382 314

2017

1st quarter

111,978 62,462 49,516 857 940 759 351 385 311

2nd quarter

113,118 62,942 50,176 862 939 780 353 385 320

3rd quarter

113,623 63,155 50,468 865 943 771 353 385 314

4th quarter

114,372 63,377 50,996 854 943 771 345 381 312

2018

1st quarter

114,678 64,007 50,671 874 955 776 350 383 311

2nd quarter

115,481 64,136 51,345 880 964 780 351 385 312

3rd quarter

115,945 64,198 51,747 893 980 801 355 389 318

4th quarter

116,160 64,237 51,923 897 991 796 355 392 315

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, quarterly averages, not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Number of workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
4th
2017
4th
2018
In current dollars In constant (1982-84) dollars
4th
2017
4th
2018
4th
2017
4th
2018

SEX AND AGE

Total, 16 years and over

114,151 115,928 $857 $900 $347 $357

Men, 16 years and over

63,033 63,879 946 993 383 394

16 to 24 years

5,503 5,417 581 609 236 241

25 years and over

57,530 58,461 998 1,045 405 415

Women, 16 years and over

51,118 52,050 769 794 312 315

16 to 24 years

4,472 4,594 512 539 208 214

25 years and over

46,646 47,456 803 834 326 331

RACE, HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY, AND SEX

White

88,183 88,968 891 931 361 369

Men

49,986 50,212 982 1,024 398 406

Women

38,196 38,755 791 816 321 324

Black or African American

14,769 15,162 666 712 270 282

Men

6,962 7,295 681 773 276 307

Women

7,806 7,866 654 665 265 264

Asian

7,417 7,850 1,061 1,095 430 435

Men

4,022 4,167 1,237 1,256 502 498

Women

3,395 3,683 894 937 362 372

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

19,667 20,461 657 684 266 272

Men

11,997 12,279 688 736 279 292

Women

7,670 8,182 608 610 247 242

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by age, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and sex, 4th quarter 2018 averages, not seasonally adjusted
Age, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Total Men Women
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings

TOTAL

16 years and over

115,928 $900 63,879 $993 52,050 $794

16 to 24 years

10,011 581 5,417 609 4,594 539

16 to 19 years

1,257 472 724 501 534 437

20 to 24 years

8,754 594 4,694 624 4,060 558

25 years and over

105,917 946 58,461 1,045 47,456 834

25 to 54 years

81,379 924 45,103 1,014 36,276 825

25 to 34 years

29,197 820 16,229 877 12,969 763

35 to 44 years

26,748 996 15,076 1,112 11,672 877

45 to 54 years

25,433 1,006 13,798 1,138 11,635 876

55 years and over

24,539 1,015 13,359 1,166 11,180 873

55 to 64 years

19,835 1,037 10,724 1,191 9,111 895

65 years and over

4,704 914 2,634 1,037 2,069 757

White

16 years and over

88,968 931 50,212 1,024 38,755 816

16 to 24 years

7,582 593 4,189 624 3,393 553

25 years and over

81,386 979 46,023 1,086 35,363 859

25 to 54 years

61,482 956 34,887 1,043 26,595 850

55 years and over

19,904 1,054 11,136 1,218 8,768 894

Black or African American

16 years and over

15,162 712 7,295 773 7,866 665

16 to 24 years

1,443 486 702 502 741 462

25 years and over

13,719 756 6,593 805 7,125 697

25 to 54 years

11,049 736 5,366 793 5,683 681

55 years and over

2,670 826 1,228 907 1,442 791

Asian

16 years and over

7,850 1,095 4,167 1,256 3,683 937

16 to 24 years

463 696 234 787 229 623

25 years and over

7,387 1,146 3,933 1,324 3,454 964

25 to 54 years

5,919 1,175 3,225 1,370 2,693 994

55 years and over

1,468 942 708 1,150 760 863

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

16 years and over

20,461 684 12,279 736 8,182 610

16 to 24 years

2,427 545 1,386 599 1,041 490

25 years and over

18,034 716 10,893 765 7,141 643

25 to 54 years

15,166 711 9,085 753 6,081 651

55 years and over

2,868 761 1,808 846 1,060 609

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex, quarterly averages, not seasonally adjusted
Occupation and sex Number of workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
4th
2017
4th
2018
4th
2017
4th
2018

TOTAL

Management, professional, and related occupations

47,276 48,938 $1,235 $1,269

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

19,461 19,975 1,336 1,384

Professional and related occupations

27,815 28,963 1,167 1,202

Service occupations

16,336 15,936 539 574

Sales and office occupations

23,873 23,801 719 743

Sales and related occupations

9,859 9,934 755 826

Office and administrative support occupations

14,013 13,867 707 713

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

11,493 11,689 810 842

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

856 844 523 538

Construction and extraction occupations

6,359 6,525 807 814

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

4,277 4,320 902 957

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

15,173 15,565 698 723

Production occupations

7,517 7,730 704 744

Transportation and material moving occupations

7,656 7,835 692 699

Men

Management, professional, and related occupations

22,638 23,404 1,475 1,505

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

10,273 10,578 1,548 1,561

Professional and related occupations

12,364 12,826 1,434 1,459

Service occupations

8,165 7,559 602 675

Sales and office occupations

9,453 9,556 845 852

Sales and related occupations

5,634 5,487 902 969

Office and administrative support occupations

3,818 4,070 760 729

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

10,942 11,167 818 858

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

672 646 556 575

Construction and extraction occupations

6,192 6,341 807 815

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

4,078 4,180 910 964

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

11,836 12,192 743 782

Production occupations

5,340 5,681 776 804

Transportation and material moving occupations

6,495 6,511 715 748

Women

Management, professional, and related occupations

24,639 25,534 1,052 1,102

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

9,188 9,398 1,137 1,222

Professional and related occupations

15,451 16,137 1,012 1,038

Service occupations

8,171 8,377 499 512

Sales and office occupations

14,420 14,244 675 698

Sales and related occupations

4,225 4,447 618 668

Office and administrative support occupations

10,195 9,797 691 708

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

551 522 597 581

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

184 197 489 490

Construction and extraction occupations

168 184 810 762

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

199 140 658 692

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

3,338 3,372 558 584

Production occupations

2,177 2,049 572 594

Transportation and material moving occupations

1,161 1,323 520 569

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


Table 5. Quartiles and selected deciles of usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, 4th quarter 2018 averages, not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Upper limit of:
First decile First
quartile
Second
quartile
(median)
Third
quartile
Ninth
decile

SEX, RACE, AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Total, 16 years and over

115,928 $444 $601 $900 $1,437 $2,213

Men

63,879 482 652 993 1,579 2,413

Women

52,050 413 554 794 1,248 1,912

White

88,968 460 616 931 1,474 2,278

Men

50,212 493 678 1,024 1,616 2,484

Women

38,755 422 569 816 1,266 1,914

Black or African American

15,162 395 518 712 1,075 1,655

Men

7,295 403 547 773 1,134 1,731

Women

7,866 388 502 665 1,020 1,570

Asian

7,850 488 690 1,095 1,868 2,704

Men

4,167 519 774 1,256 1,995 2,918

Women

3,683 446 611 937 1,571 2,304

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

20,461 399 501 684 1,011 1,570

Men

12,279 421 535 736 1,083 1,669

Women

8,182 378 464 610 915 1,370

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Total, 25 years and over

105,917 468 625 946 1,500 2,294

Less than a high school diploma

6,934 360 436 543 727 1,002

High school graduates, no college(1)

26,746 421 542 746 1,072 1,534

Some college or associate degree

27,130 459 606 853 1,237 1,759

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

45,107 621 880 1,340 1,999 2,952

Bachelor's degree only

27,963 589 804 1,205 1,868 2,696

Advanced degree

17,144 732 1,025 1,544 2,309 3,416

Men, 25 years and over

58,461 499 693 1,045 1,647 2,503

Less than a high school diploma

4,723 387 475 595 787 1,170

High school graduates, no college(1)

16,389 467 603 835 1,198 1,711

Some college or associate degree

14,727 510 687 989 1,396 1,920

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

22,622 702 1,000 1,541 2,304 3,409

Bachelor's degree only

14,364 665 917 1,399 2,077 3,084

Advanced degree

8,258 838 1,195 1,833 2,711 3,909

Women, 25 years and over

47,456 428 581 834 1,300 1,988

Less than a high school diploma

2,211 325 391 480 567 723

High school graduates, no college(1)

10,357 389 486 622 849 1,174

Some college or associate degree

12,403 413 549 720 1,018 1,432

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

22,485 580 790 1,155 1,755 2,485

Bachelor's degree only

13,599 540 733 1,030 1,566 2,275

Advanced degree

8,886 675 934 1,342 1,975 2,884

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Ten percent of all full-time wage and salary workers earn less than the upper limit of the first decile; 25 percent earn less than the upper limit of the first quartile; 50 percent earn less than the upper limit of the second quartile, or median; 75 percent earn less than the upper limit of the third quartile; and 90 percent earn less than the upper limit of the ninth decile.
Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


Table 6. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, quarterly averages, not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Number of workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
4th
2017
4th
2018
4th
2017
4th
2018

SEX AND AGE

Total, 16 years and over

23,779 24,763 $256 $272

Men, 16 years and over

8,310 8,642 241 265

16 to 24 years

3,628 3,683 194 195

25 years and over

4,682 4,959 298 335

Women, 16 years and over

15,468 16,121 263 275

16 to 24 years

4,652 4,671 196 200

25 years and over

10,816 11,450 303 315

RACE, HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY, AND SEX

White

18,642 19,269 258 275

Men

6,389 6,646 239 268

Women

12,253 12,623 266 279

Black or African American

2,878 3,065 247 264

Men

1,085 1,118 244 258

Women

1,793 1,947 248 267

Asian

1,206 1,351 259 283

Men

446 499 248 283

Women

760 853 265 284

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

3,882 4,461 262 267

Men

1,379 1,538 264 292

Women

2,504 2,923 260 256

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, annual averages
Characteristic Number of workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
2017 2018 In current dollars In constant (1982-84) dollars
2017 2018 2017 2018

SEX AND AGE

Total, 16 years and over

113,272 115,567 $860 $886 $351 $353

Men, 16 years and over

62,980 64,142 941 973 384 387

16 to 24 years

5,791 5,818 547 575 223 229

25 years and over

57,190 58,324 996 1,026 406 409

Women, 16 years and over

50,291 51,425 770 789 314 314

16 to 24 years

4,490 4,611 499 522 204 208

25 years and over

45,801 46,814 810 830 330 330

RACE, HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY, AND SEX

White

87,730 88,953 890 916 363 365

Men

50,003 50,570 971 1,002 396 399

Women

37,727 38,384 795 817 324 325

Black or African American

14,521 15,041 682 694 278 276

Men

6,928 7,282 710 735 289 293

Women

7,593 7,760 657 654 268 260

Asian

7,320 7,643 1,043 1,095 426 436

Men

4,014 4,169 1,207 1,241 492 494

Women

3,306 3,474 903 937 368 373

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

19,615 20,297 655 680 267 271

Men

11,896 12,226 690 720 282 287

Women

7,719 8,071 603 617 246 246

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


Table 8. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex, annual averages
Occupation and sex Number of workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
2017 2018 2017 2018

TOTAL

Management, professional, and related occupations

47,207 48,808 $1,224 $1,246

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

19,414 19,863 1,327 1,355

Professional and related occupations

27,794 28,945 1,160 1,176

Service occupations

16,044 16,288 544 569

Sales and office occupations

23,686 23,714 718 742

Sales and related occupations

9,953 10,077 763 798

Office and administrative support occupations

13,733 13,637 701 717

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

11,509 11,546 801 824

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

962 850 539 581

Construction and extraction occupations

6,147 6,414 796 808

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

4,400 4,282 878 934

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

14,825 15,210 692 707

Production occupations

7,589 7,668 701 723

Transportation and material moving occupations

7,236 7,542 681 689

Men

Management, professional, and related occupations

22,815 23,685 1,442 1,468

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

10,415 10,668 1,526 1,537

Professional and related occupations

12,400 13,017 1,391 1,425

Service occupations

7,985 7,948 608 641

Sales and office occupations

9,481 9,548 834 846

Sales and related occupations

5,598 5,621 934 949

Office and administrative support occupations

3,884 3,926 735 738

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

10,994 11,030 809 834

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

756 667 585 602

Construction and extraction occupations

5,987 6,223 796 809

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

4,251 4,140 883 936

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

11,705 11,932 736 762

Production occupations

5,545 5,627 769 793

Transportation and material moving occupations

6,160 6,305 710 724

Women

Management, professional, and related occupations

24,393 25,123 1,052 1,078

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

8,999 9,195 1,134 1,168

Professional and related occupations

15,394 15,929 1,014 1,024

Service occupations

8,059 8,340 501 511

Sales and office occupations

14,205 14,166 672 696

Sales and related occupations

4,355 4,455 609 651

Office and administrative support occupations

9,850 9,711 691 711

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

515 516 579 638

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

206 183 471 483

Construction and extraction occupations

160 191 802 785

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

149 142 736 823

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

3,119 3,279 545 561

Production occupations

2,044 2,041 564 575

Transportation and material moving occupations

1,075 1,237 514 538

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


Table 9. Quartiles and selected deciles of usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, 2018 annual averages
Characteristic Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Upper limit of:
First decile First
quartile
Second
quartile
(median)
Third
quartile
Ninth
decile

TOTAL

Total, 25 years and over

105,138 $458 $619 $932 $1,468 $2,265

Less than a high school diploma

6,999 350 430 553 737 1,020

High school graduates, no college(1)

26,237 410 527 730 1,056 1,508

Some college or associate degree

27,476 451 596 826 1,207 1,703

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

44,427 620 882 1,324 1,975 2,913

Bachelor's degree only

27,660 589 809 1,198 1,845 2,690

Advanced degree

16,767 728 1,015 1,521 2,291 3,395

Men

Total, 25 years and over

58,324 492 679 1,026 1,625 2,489

Less than a high school diploma

4,761 385 477 607 809 1,152

High school graduates, no college(1)

16,105 455 592 819 1,181 1,650

Some college or associate degree

14,721 501 672 951 1,377 1,901

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

22,738 678 990 1,524 2,297 3,367

Bachelor's degree only

14,451 632 914 1,384 2,072 2,982

Advanced degree

8,287 822 1,170 1,774 2,697 3,906

Women

Total, 25 years and over

46,814 420 576 830 1,266 1,901

Less than a high school diploma

2,238 307 384 469 581 751

High school graduates, no college(1)

10,132 379 477 616 844 1,169

Some college or associate degree

12,755 411 536 717 1,007 1,381

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

21,689 589 798 1,145 1,708 2,384

Bachelor's degree only

13,208 551 741 1,041 1,533 2,145

Advanced degree

8,480 679 927 1,323 1,903 2,792

White, total

Total, 25 years and over

80,968 476 644 965 1,507 2,293

Less than a high school diploma

5,534 358 438 565 751 1,048

High school graduates, no college(1)

20,185 427 559 768 1,107 1,565

Some college or associate degree

21,073 472 616 869 1,256 1,760

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

34,176 638 901 1,342 1,998 2,990

Bachelor's degree only

21,637 604 833 1,229 1,879 2,785

Advanced degree

12,539 746 1,034 1,534 2,305 3,479

White men

Total, 25 years and over

46,005 505 703 1,064 1,662 2,517

Less than a high school diploma

3,921 387 481 612 818 1,175

High school graduates, no college(1)

12,730 481 613 861 1,227 1,726

Some college or associate degree

11,644 516 701 993 1,433 1,924

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

17,710 703 1,017 1,550 2,320 3,471

Bachelor's degree only

11,521 657 946 1,428 2,111 3,106

Advanced degree

6,189 846 1,215 1,836 2,804 4,089

White women

Total, 25 years and over

34,963 432 593 857 1,293 1,909

Less than a high school diploma

1,613 311 387 473 580 753

High school graduates, no college(1)

7,454 386 489 641 880 1,211

Some college or associate degree

9,429 421 555 742 1,038 1,428

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

16,467 602 813 1,152 1,707 2,397

Bachelor's degree only

10,117 574 752 1,051 1,538 2,185

Advanced degree

6,350 699 943 1,330 1,898 2,775

Black or African American, total

Total, 25 years and over

13,592 396 518 727 1,131 1,719

Less than a high school diploma

714 305 386 487 622 871

High school graduates, no college(1)

4,043 375 463 604 838 1,194

Some college or associate degree

4,309 399 519 684 978 1,342

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

4,526 517 723 1,065 1,613 2,301

Bachelor's degree only

2,868 498 676 970 1,462 2,087

Advanced degree

1,658 586 838 1,240 1,887 2,710

Black or African American men

Total, 25 years and over

6,551 411 553 775 1,182 1,809

Less than a high school diploma

386 341 424 526 710 977

High school graduates, no college(1)

2,192 390 495 667 955 1,283

Some college or associate degree

2,004 422 570 755 1,114 1,480

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

1,970 510 732 1,139 1,706 2,492

Bachelor's degree only

1,312 494 684 1,038 1,515 2,124

Advanced degree

657 593 900 1,360 2,017 2,899

Black or African American women

Total, 25 years and over

7,040 386 499 683 1,052 1,629

Less than a high school diploma

328 286 349 423 562 705

High school graduates, no college(1)

1,851 343 426 546 721 1,042

Some college or associate degree

2,305 388 490 628 867 1,196

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

2,556 523 716 1,013 1,547 2,209

Bachelor's degree only

1,556 501 669 937 1,431 2,005

Advanced degree

1,000 583 800 1,169 1,758 2,508

Asian, total

Total, 25 years and over

7,194 478 690 1,140 1,856 2,698

Less than a high school diploma

362 359 438 521 668 929

High school graduates, no college(1)

1,088 382 487 659 970 1,403

Some college or associate degree

1,042 445 585 817 1,215 1,670

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

4,702 652 946 1,465 2,124 2,977

Bachelor's degree only

2,476 583 834 1,270 1,895 2,676

Advanced degree

2,226 782 1,126 1,731 2,419 3,432

Asian men

Total, 25 years and over

3,942 507 773 1,280 2,005 2,905

Less than a high school diploma

192 375 459 579 776 1,017

High school graduates, no college(1)

619 404 510 748 1,111 1,509

Some college or associate degree

545 462 612 887 1,290 1,825

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

2,586 725 1,098 1,685 2,403 3,254

Bachelor's degree only

1,293 667 956 1,462 2,119 2,896

Advanced degree

1,293 873 1,274 1,882 2,705 3,828

Asian women

Total, 25 years and over

3,252 444 612 974 1,559 2,289

Less than a high school diploma

170 351 424 491 602 731

High school graduates, no college(1)

470 347 448 583 773 1,138

Some college or associate degree

497 436 552 717 1,106 1,525

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

2,116 585 840 1,242 1,881 2,508

Bachelor's degree only

1,183 508 743 1,124 1,633 2,236

Advanced degree

933 713 988 1,460 2,105 3,027

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, total

Total, 25 years and over

17,916 400 511 710 1,058 1,630

Less than a high school diploma

4,173 351 429 544 708 966

High school graduates, no college(1)

5,682 400 504 672 926 1,366

Some college or associate degree

4,157 434 572 763 1,081 1,509

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

3,903 516 734 1,101 1,699 2,477

Bachelor's degree only

2,701 500 692 1,002 1,577 2,298

Advanced degree

1,202 606 902 1,333 1,910 2,897

Hispanic or Latino men

Total, 25 years and over

10,818 424 550 755 1,139 1,755

Less than a high school diploma

2,976 385 474 598 765 1,038

High school graduates, no college(1)

3,610 429 548 738 1,023 1,504

Some college or associate degree

2,298 484 623 875 1,208 1,690

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

1,935 534 790 1,234 1,901 2,790

Bachelor's degree only

1,374 507 725 1,115 1,766 2,517

Advanced degree

560 679 1,032 1,502 2,271 3,181

Hispanic or Latino women

Total, 25 years and over

7,097 377 478 644 947 1,462

Less than a high school diploma

1,197 304 380 457 545 678

High school graduates, no college(1)

2,072 371 453 582 774 1,052

Some college or associate degree

1,859 400 512 677 901 1,256

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

1,968 504 700 991 1,492 2,115

Bachelor's degree only

1,327 492 668 914 1,383 1,976

Advanced degree

642 568 810 1,158 1,662 2,421

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Ten percent of all full-time wage and salary workers earn less than the upper limit of the first decile; 25 percent earn less than the upper limit of the first quartile; 50 percent earn less than the upper limit of the second quartile, or median; 75 percent earn less than the upper limit of the third quartile; and 90 percent earn less than the upper limit of the ninth decile. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


Last Modified Date: January 17, 2019