For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Thursday, January 17, 2019                       USDL-19-0077

Technical information: (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                    USUAL WEEKLY EARNINGS OF WAGE AND SALARY WORKERS
                                  FOURTH QUARTER 2018


Median weekly earnings of the nation's 115.9 million full-time wage and salary workers
were $900 in the fourth quarter of 2018 (not seasonally adjusted), the U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics reported today. This was 5.0 percent higher than a year earlier,
compared with a gain of 2.2 percent in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban
Consumers (CPI-U) over the same period.

Data on usual weekly earnings are collected as part of the Current Population Survey,
a nationwide sample survey of households in which respondents are asked, among other
things, how much each wage and salary worker usually earns. (See the Technical Note
in this news release.) Data shown in this news release are not seasonally adjusted
unless otherwise specified.

Highlights from the fourth-quarter data:

   --Median weekly earnings of full-time workers were $900 in the fourth quarter
     of 2018. Women had median weekly earnings of $794, or 80.0 percent of the
     $993 median for men. (See table 2.)

   --The women's-to-men's earnings ratio varied by race and ethnicity. White
     women earned 79.7 percent as much as their male counterparts, compared
     with 86.0 percent for Black women, 74.6 percent for Asian women, and 82.9
     percent for Hispanic women. (See table 2.)

   --Among the major race and ethnicity groups, median weekly earnings of Blacks
     ($712) and Hispanics ($684) working at full-time jobs were lower than those
     of Whites ($931) and Asians ($1,095). By sex, median weekly earnings for
     Black men were $773, or 75.5 percent of the median for White men ($1,024).
     Median earnings for Hispanic men were $736, or 71.9 percent of the median
     for White men. The difference was less among women, as Black women's median
     earnings were $665, or 81.5 percent of those for White women ($816), and
     earnings for Hispanic women were $610, or 74.8 percent of those for White
     women. Earnings of Asian men ($1,256) and women ($937) were higher than those 
     of their White counterparts. (See table 2.) 

   --By age, median weekly earnings were highest for men ages 55 to 64 at $1,191. 
     Usual weekly earnings were highest for women ages 35 to 64: median weekly 
     earnings were $877 for women ages 35 to 44, $876 for women ages 45 to 54, 
     and $895 for women ages 55 to 64. Men and women ages 16 to 24 had the lowest 
     median weekly earnings, $609 and $539, respectively. (See table 3.)

   --Among the major occupational groups, persons employed full time in management,
     professional, and related occupations had the highest median weekly earnings--
     $1,505 for men and $1,102 for women. Men and women employed in service jobs
     earned the least, $675 and $512, respectively. (See table 4.)

   --By educational attainment, full-time workers age 25 and over without a high
     school diploma had median weekly earnings of $543, compared with $746 for
     high school graduates (no college) and $1,340 for those holding at least a
     bachelor's degree. Among college graduates with advanced degrees (master's,
     professional, and doctoral degrees), the highest earning 10 percent of male
     workers made $3,909 or more per week, compared with $2,884 or more for their
     female counterparts. (See table 5.)

   --Seasonally adjusted median weekly earnings were $897 in the fourth quarter
     of 2018, little changed from the previous quarter ($893). (See table 1.)

Annual Averages for 2017 and 2018

In addition to the data for the fourth quarter, this news release includes 2017 and 
2018 annual averages on median weekly earnings for major demographic and occupational
groups, and 2018 annual average data for educational attainment groups. (See tables
7, 8, and 9.) Annual average data on median usual weekly earnings for men and women 
by detailed occupational categories will be posted online at 
www.bls.gov/cps/tables.htm#weekearn when they become available.


   __________________________________________________________________________
  |                                                                          |
  |        Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Usual Weekly Earnings Data        |
  |                                                                          |
  |Seasonally adjusted median usual weekly earnings data shown in table 1    |
  |of this news release have been revised using updated seasonal adjustment  |
  |factors from the Current Population Survey, a procedure done at the end   |
  |of each calendar year. The revisions directly affected the number of      |
  |full-time wage and salary workers and current dollar estimates of median  |
  |weekly earnings; estimates of constant (1982-84) dollar median weekly     |
  |earnings were indirectly affected. Seasonally adjusted estimates back to  |
  |the first quarter of 2014 were subject to revision.                       |
  |                                                                          |
  |The Usual Weekly Earnings news release for the first quarter of 2019,     |
  |scheduled for release on April 16, 2019, will incorporate revisions to    |
  |the seasonally adjusted data for the median weekly earnings in constant   |
  |(1982-84) dollars. Seasonally adjusted constant (1982-84) dollar estimates|
  |back to the first quarter of 2014 will be subject to revision due to      |
  |annual revisions to seasonally adjusted data for the Consumer Price Index |
  |for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).                                          |
  |__________________________________________________________________________|

Technical Note


   The estimates in this release were obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS),
which provides basic information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. The
survey is conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census
Bureau using a scientifically selected national sample of about 60,000 eligible house-
holds, with coverage in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The earnings data
are collected from one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and
salary workers. All self-employed workers, both incorporated and unincorporated, are
excluded from CPS earnings estimates.

   Material in this news release is in the public domain and may be used without
permission. This information is available to sensory impaired individuals upon
request. Voice telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Definitions

   The principal definitions used in connection with the earnings data in this news
release are described briefly below.

   Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes and other deductions and
include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders). Prior to 1994, respondents were asked how much they
usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify
the easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly,
monthly, annually, or other) and how much they usually earn in the reported time period.

   Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent.
The term "usual" is determined by each respondent's own understanding of the term. If
the respondent asks for a definition of "usual," interviewers are instructed to define
the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.

   Medians (and other quantiles) of weekly earnings. The median (or upper limit of the
second quartile) is the midpoint in a given earnings distribution, with half of workers
having earnings above the median and the other half having earnings below the median.
Ten percent of a given distribution have earnings below the upper limit of the first
decile (90 percent have higher earnings), 25 percent have earnings below the upper limit
of the first quartile (75 percent have higher earnings), 75 percent have earnings below
the upper limit of the third quartile (25 percent have higher earnings), and 90 percent
have earnings below the upper limit of the ninth decile (10 percent have higher earnings).

   The BLS procedure for estimating the median of an earnings distribution places each 
reported or calculated weekly earnings value into a $50-wide interval that is centered
around a multiple of $50. The median is calculated through the linear interpolation of 
the interval in which the median lies.

   Changes over time in the medians (and other quantile boundaries) for specific groups
may not necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated for the overall quantile
boundary. The most common reasons for this possible anomaly are as follows: (1) there
could be a change in the relative weights of the subgroups. For example, the median of
16- to 24-year-olds and the median earnings of those 25 years and over may rise, but if
the lower earning 16-to-24 age group accounts for a greatly increased share of the
total, the overall median could actually fall. (2) there could be a large change in the
shape of the distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a quantile boundary.
This change could be caused by survey observations that are clustered at rounded values,
such as $400 or $500. An estimate lying in a $50-wide centered interval containing such
a cluster or "spike" tends to change more slowly than one in other intervals.

   Constant dollars. The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) is used
to convert current dollars to constant (1982-84) dollars.

   Wage and salary workers. These are workers who receive wages, salaries, commissions,
tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group includes employees in both the private
and public sectors but, for the purposes of the earnings series, it excludes all self-
employed persons, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated
businesses.

   Full-time workers. For the purpose of producing estimates of earnings, workers who
usually work 35 hours or more per week at their sole or principal job are defined as
working full time.

   Part-time workers. For the purpose of producing estimates of earnings, workers who
usually work fewer than 35 hours per week at their sole or principal job are defined as
working part time.

   Race. In the survey process, race is determined by the household respondent. In
accordance with the Office of Management and Budget guidelines, White, Black or African
American, Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific 
Islander are terms used to describe a person's race. Estimates for the latter two race
groups and persons who selected more than one race are not included in this release due
to insufficient sample size.

   Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. This refers to people who identified themselves in the
survey process as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. People whose ethnicity
is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Reliability

   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a
sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample
estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of
this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error,
and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a
90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ
by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for
many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability
to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of
respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   Additional information about the reliability of data from the CPS is available on the
BLS website at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and other measures
of labor market activity undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These recurring
events include seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening and closing
of schools. The effect of such seasonal variations can be very large.

   Because seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their
influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments easier to spot. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes
in quarter-to-quarter activity.

   At the end of each calendar year, the seasonally adjusted data are revised for the past
5 years when the seasonal adjustment factors are updated. More information on seasonal
adjustment is available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by sex, quarterly averages, seasonally adjusted

Year and quarter	Number of workers (in thousands)			Median weekly earnings
	Total	Men	Women	In current dollars			In constant (1982-84) dollars
				Total $	Men $	Women $	Total $	Men $	Women $
2009
4th quarter	98,555	54,410	44,145	747	823	666	344	379	307
2010
1st quarter	98,143	54,098	44,045	748	836	662	344	384	304
2nd quarter	99,605	55,028	44,577	742	814	671	342	374	309
3rd quarter	100,412	55,620	44,792	746	821	670	342	377	308
4th quarter	99,958	55,486	44,472	750	826	676	341	376	308
2011
1st quarter	99,670	55,337	44,333	750	821	679	338	370	306
2nd quarter	100,347	55,821	44,526	754	830	687	336	370	306
3rd quarter	100,495	56,046	44,449	760	836	681	336	370	301
4th quarter	101,337	56,687	44,650	760	838	686	335	369	302
2012
1st quarter	102,161	57,110	45,051	764	841	693	335	368	303
2nd quarter	102,525	57,079	45,447	772	870	687	337	380	300
3rd quarter	102,587	57,207	45,380	766	836	693	333	364	302
4th quarter	103,748	57,772	45,977	771	868	690	333	375	298
2013
1st quarter	103,928	57,884	46,044	768	860	699	331	370	301
2nd quarter	103,988	57,944	46,044	777	863	706	335	372	304
3rd quarter	104,400	58,082	46,318	779	855	705	334	367	302
4th quarter	104,764	58,095	46,669	782	865	712	334	369	304
2014
1st quarter	105,633	58,682	46,951	790	865	716	335	367	304
2nd quarter	106,342	59,486	46,855	781	860	715	330	363	302
3rd quarter	106,726	59,543	47,183	798	878	721	336	370	304
4th quarter	107,436	60,123	47,313	795	878	724	336	371	306
2015
1st quarter	108,486	60,364	48,122	801	886	724	341	377	307
2nd quarter	108,544	60,400	48,144	803	890	726	339	376	306
3rd quarter	109,269	60,977	48,292	810	896	727	341	377	306
4th quarter	110,049	61,273	48,776	822	904	730	345	380	307
2016
1st quarter	110,427	61,627	48,799	823	903	743	346	380	312
2nd quarter	110,929	61,787	49,142	827	914	744	345	382	311
3rd quarter	111,566	62,082	49,483	833	917	750	346	381	312
4th quarter	111,463	62,249	49,214	846	924	760	349	382	314
2017
1st quarter	111,978	62,462	49,516	857	940	759	351	385	311
2nd quarter	113,118	62,942	50,176	862	939	780	353	385	320
3rd quarter	113,623	63,155	50,468	865	943	771	353	385	314
4th quarter	114,372	63,377	50,996	854	943	771	345	381	312
2018
1st quarter	114,678	64,007	50,671	874	955	776	350	383	311
2nd quarter	115,481	64,136	51,345	880	964	780	351	385	312
3rd quarter	115,945	64,198	51,747	893	980	801	355	389	318
4th quarter	116,160	64,237	51,923	897	991	796	355	392	315
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, quarterly averages, not seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of workers (in thousands)		Median weekly earnings
	4th 2017	4th 2018	In current dollars		In constant (1982-84) dollars
			4th 2017	4th 2018	4th 2017	4th 2018
SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over	114,151	115,928	$857	$900	$347	$357
Men, 16 years and over	63,033	63,879	946	993	383	394
16 to 24 years	5,503	5,417	581	609	236	241
25 years and over	57,530	58,461	998	1,045	405	415
Women, 16 years and over	51,118	52,050	769	794	312	315
16 to 24 years	4,472	4,594	512	539	208	214
25 years and over	46,646	47,456	803	834	326	331
RACE, HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY, AND SEX
White	88,183	88,968	891	931	361	369
Men	49,986	50,212	982	1,024	398	406
Women	38,196	38,755	791	816	321	324
Black or African American	14,769	15,162	666	712	270	282
Men	6,962	7,295	681	773	276	307
Women	7,806	7,866	654	665	265	264
Asian	7,417	7,850	1,061	1,095	430	435
Men	4,022	4,167	1,237	1,256	502	498
Women	3,395	3,683	894	937	362	372
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	19,667	20,461	657	684	266	272
Men	11,997	12,279	688	736	279	292
Women	7,670	8,182	608	610	247	242
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by age, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and sex, 4th quarter 2018 averages, not seasonally adjusted

Age, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	Total		Men		Women
	Number of workers (in thousands)	Median weekly earnings	Number of workers (in thousands)	Median weekly earnings	Number of workers (in thousands)	Median weekly earnings
TOTAL
16 years and over	115,928	$900	63,879	$993	52,050	$794
16 to 24 years	10,011	581	5,417	609	4,594	539
16 to 19 years	1,257	472	724	501	534	437
20 to 24 years	8,754	594	4,694	624	4,060	558
25 years and over	105,917	946	58,461	1,045	47,456	834
25 to 54 years	81,379	924	45,103	1,014	36,276	825
25 to 34 years	29,197	820	16,229	877	12,969	763
35 to 44 years	26,748	996	15,076	1,112	11,672	877
45 to 54 years	25,433	1,006	13,798	1,138	11,635	876
55 years and over	24,539	1,015	13,359	1,166	11,180	873
55 to 64 years	19,835	1,037	10,724	1,191	9,111	895
65 years and over	4,704	914	2,634	1,037	2,069	757
White
16 years and over	88,968	931	50,212	1,024	38,755	816
16 to 24 years	7,582	593	4,189	624	3,393	553
25 years and over	81,386	979	46,023	1,086	35,363	859
25 to 54 years	61,482	956	34,887	1,043	26,595	850
55 years and over	19,904	1,054	11,136	1,218	8,768	894
Black or African American
16 years and over	15,162	712	7,295	773	7,866	665
16 to 24 years	1,443	486	702	502	741	462
25 years and over	13,719	756	6,593	805	7,125	697
25 to 54 years	11,049	736	5,366	793	5,683	681
55 years and over	2,670	826	1,228	907	1,442	791
Asian
16 years and over	7,850	1,095	4,167	1,256	3,683	937
16 to 24 years	463	696	234	787	229	623
25 years and over	7,387	1,146	3,933	1,324	3,454	964
25 to 54 years	5,919	1,175	3,225	1,370	2,693	994
55 years and over	1,468	942	708	1,150	760	863
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
16 years and over	20,461	684	12,279	736	8,182	610
16 to 24 years	2,427	545	1,386	599	1,041	490
25 years and over	18,034	716	10,893	765	7,141	643
25 to 54 years	15,166	711	9,085	753	6,081	651
55 years and over	2,868	761	1,808	846	1,060	609
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex, quarterly averages, not seasonally adjusted

Occupation and sex	Number of workers (in thousands)		Median weekly earnings
	4th 2017	4th 2018	4th 2017	4th 2018
TOTAL
Management, professional, and related occupations	47,276	48,938	$1,235	$1,269
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	19,461	19,975	1,336	1,384
Professional and related occupations	27,815	28,963	1,167	1,202
Service occupations	16,336	15,936	539	574
Sales and office occupations	23,873	23,801	719	743
Sales and related occupations	9,859	9,934	755	826
Office and administrative support occupations	14,013	13,867	707	713
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	11,493	11,689	810	842
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	856	844	523	538
Construction and extraction occupations	6,359	6,525	807	814
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,277	4,320	902	957
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	15,173	15,565	698	723
Production occupations	7,517	7,730	704	744
Transportation and material moving occupations	7,656	7,835	692	699
Men
Management, professional, and related occupations	22,638	23,404	1,475	1,505
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	10,273	10,578	1,548	1,561
Professional and related occupations	12,364	12,826	1,434	1,459
Service occupations	8,165	7,559	602	675
Sales and office occupations	9,453	9,556	845	852
Sales and related occupations	5,634	5,487	902	969
Office and administrative support occupations	3,818	4,070	760	729
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	10,942	11,167	818	858
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	672	646	556	575
Construction and extraction occupations	6,192	6,341	807	815
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,078	4,180	910	964
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	11,836	12,192	743	782
Production occupations	5,340	5,681	776	804
Transportation and material moving occupations	6,495	6,511	715	748
Women
Management, professional, and related occupations	24,639	25,534	1,052	1,102
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	9,188	9,398	1,137	1,222
Professional and related occupations	15,451	16,137	1,012	1,038
Service occupations	8,171	8,377	499	512
Sales and office occupations	14,420	14,244	675	698
Sales and related occupations	4,225	4,447	618	668
Office and administrative support occupations	10,195	9,797	691	708
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	551	522	597	581
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	184	197	489	490
Construction and extraction occupations	168	184	810	762
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	199	140	658	692
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	3,338	3,372	558	584
Production occupations	2,177	2,049	572	594
Transportation and material moving occupations	1,161	1,323	520	569
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table 5. Quartiles and selected deciles of usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, 4th quarter 2018 averages, not seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of workers (in thousands)	Upper limit of:
		First decile	First quartile	Second quartile (median)	Third quartile	Ninth decile
SEX, RACE, AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Total, 16 years and over	115,928	$444	$601	$900	$1,437	$2,213
Men	63,879	482	652	993	1,579	2,413
Women	52,050	413	554	794	1,248	1,912
White	88,968	460	616	931	1,474	2,278
Men	50,212	493	678	1,024	1,616	2,484
Women	38,755	422	569	816	1,266	1,914
Black or African American	15,162	395	518	712	1,075	1,655
Men	7,295	403	547	773	1,134	1,731
Women	7,866	388	502	665	1,020	1,570
Asian	7,850	488	690	1,095	1,868	2,704
Men	4,167	519	774	1,256	1,995	2,918
Women	3,683	446	611	937	1,571	2,304
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	20,461	399	501	684	1,011	1,570
Men	12,279	421	535	736	1,083	1,669
Women	8,182	378	464	610	915	1,370
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Total, 25 years and over	105,917	468	625	946	1,500	2,294
Less than a high school diploma	6,934	360	436	543	727	1,002
High school graduates, no college(1)	26,746	421	542	746	1,072	1,534
Some college or associate degree	27,130	459	606	853	1,237	1,759
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	45,107	621	880	1,340	1,999	2,952
Bachelor's degree only	27,963	589	804	1,205	1,868	2,696
Advanced degree	17,144	732	1,025	1,544	2,309	3,416
Men, 25 years and over	58,461	499	693	1,045	1,647	2,503
Less than a high school diploma	4,723	387	475	595	787	1,170
High school graduates, no college(1)	16,389	467	603	835	1,198	1,711
Some college or associate degree	14,727	510	687	989	1,396	1,920
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	22,622	702	1,000	1,541	2,304	3,409
Bachelor's degree only	14,364	665	917	1,399	2,077	3,084
Advanced degree	8,258	838	1,195	1,833	2,711	3,909
Women, 25 years and over	47,456	428	581	834	1,300	1,988
Less than a high school diploma	2,211	325	391	480	567	723
High school graduates, no college(1)	10,357	389	486	622	849	1,174
Some college or associate degree	12,403	413	549	720	1,018	1,432
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	22,485	580	790	1,155	1,755	2,485
Bachelor's degree only	13,599	540	733	1,030	1,566	2,275
Advanced degree	8,886	675	934	1,342	1,975	2,884
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Ten percent of all full-time wage and salary workers earn less than the upper limit of the first decile; 25 percent earn less than the upper limit of the first quartile; 50 percent earn less than the upper limit of the second quartile, or median; 75 percent earn less than the upper limit of the third quartile; and 90 percent earn less than the upper limit of the ninth decile. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table 6. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, quarterly averages, not seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of workers (in thousands)		Median weekly earnings
	4th 2017	4th 2018	4th 2017	4th 2018
SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over	23,779	24,763	$256	$272
Men, 16 years and over	8,310	8,642	241	265
16 to 24 years	3,628	3,683	194	195
25 years and over	4,682	4,959	298	335
Women, 16 years and over	15,468	16,121	263	275
16 to 24 years	4,652	4,671	196	200
25 years and over	10,816	11,450	303	315
RACE, HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY, AND SEX
White	18,642	19,269	258	275
Men	6,389	6,646	239	268
Women	12,253	12,623	266	279
Black or African American	2,878	3,065	247	264
Men	1,085	1,118	244	258
Women	1,793	1,947	248	267
Asian	1,206	1,351	259	283
Men	446	499	248	283
Women	760	853	265	284
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	3,882	4,461	262	267
Men	1,379	1,538	264	292
Women	2,504	2,923	260	256
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, annual averages

Characteristic	Number of workers (in thousands)		Median weekly earnings
	2017	2018	In current dollars		In constant (1982-84) dollars
			2017	2018	2017	2018
SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over	113,272	115,567	$860	$886	$351	$353
Men, 16 years and over	62,980	64,142	941	973	384	387
16 to 24 years	5,791	5,818	547	575	223	229
25 years and over	57,190	58,324	996	1,026	406	409
Women, 16 years and over	50,291	51,425	770	789	314	314
16 to 24 years	4,490	4,611	499	522	204	208
25 years and over	45,801	46,814	810	830	330	330
RACE, HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY, AND SEX
White	87,730	88,953	890	916	363	365
Men	50,003	50,570	971	1,002	396	399
Women	37,727	38,384	795	817	324	325
Black or African American	14,521	15,041	682	694	278	276
Men	6,928	7,282	710	735	289	293
Women	7,593	7,760	657	654	268	260
Asian	7,320	7,643	1,043	1,095	426	436
Men	4,014	4,169	1,207	1,241	492	494
Women	3,306	3,474	903	937	368	373
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	19,615	20,297	655	680	267	271
Men	11,896	12,226	690	720	282	287
Women	7,719	8,071	603	617	246	246
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table 8. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex, annual averages

Occupation and sex	Number of workers (in thousands)		Median weekly earnings
	2017	2018	2017	2018
TOTAL
Management, professional, and related occupations	47,207	48,808	$1,224	$1,246
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	19,414	19,863	1,327	1,355
Professional and related occupations	27,794	28,945	1,160	1,176
Service occupations	16,044	16,288	544	569
Sales and office occupations	23,686	23,714	718	742
Sales and related occupations	9,953	10,077	763	798
Office and administrative support occupations	13,733	13,637	701	717
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	11,509	11,546	801	824
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	962	850	539	581
Construction and extraction occupations	6,147	6,414	796	808
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,400	4,282	878	934
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	14,825	15,210	692	707
Production occupations	7,589	7,668	701	723
Transportation and material moving occupations	7,236	7,542	681	689
Men
Management, professional, and related occupations	22,815	23,685	1,442	1,468
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	10,415	10,668	1,526	1,537
Professional and related occupations	12,400	13,017	1,391	1,425
Service occupations	7,985	7,948	608	641
Sales and office occupations	9,481	9,548	834	846
Sales and related occupations	5,598	5,621	934	949
Office and administrative support occupations	3,884	3,926	735	738
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	10,994	11,030	809	834
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	756	667	585	602
Construction and extraction occupations	5,987	6,223	796	809
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,251	4,140	883	936
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	11,705	11,932	736	762
Production occupations	5,545	5,627	769	793
Transportation and material moving occupations	6,160	6,305	710	724
Women
Management, professional, and related occupations	24,393	25,123	1,052	1,078
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	8,999	9,195	1,134	1,168
Professional and related occupations	15,394	15,929	1,014	1,024
Service occupations	8,059	8,340	501	511
Sales and office occupations	14,205	14,166	672	696
Sales and related occupations	4,355	4,455	609	651
Office and administrative support occupations	9,850	9,711	691	711
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	515	516	579	638
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	206	183	471	483
Construction and extraction occupations	160	191	802	785
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	149	142	736	823
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	3,119	3,279	545	561
Production occupations	2,044	2,041	564	575
Transportation and material moving occupations	1,075	1,237	514	538
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table 9. Quartiles and selected deciles of usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, 2018 annual averages

Characteristic	Number of workers (in thousands)	Upper limit of:
		First decile	First quartile	Second quartile (median)	Third quartile	Ninth decile
TOTAL
Total, 25 years and over	105,138	$458	$619	$932	$1,468	$2,265
Less than a high school diploma	6,999	350	430	553	737	1,020
High school graduates, no college(1)	26,237	410	527	730	1,056	1,508
Some college or associate degree	27,476	451	596	826	1,207	1,703
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	44,427	620	882	1,324	1,975	2,913
Bachelor's degree only	27,660	589	809	1,198	1,845	2,690
Advanced degree	16,767	728	1,015	1,521	2,291	3,395
Men
Total, 25 years and over	58,324	492	679	1,026	1,625	2,489
Less than a high school diploma	4,761	385	477	607	809	1,152
High school graduates, no college(1)	16,105	455	592	819	1,181	1,650
Some college or associate degree	14,721	501	672	951	1,377	1,901
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	22,738	678	990	1,524	2,297	3,367
Bachelor's degree only	14,451	632	914	1,384	2,072	2,982
Advanced degree	8,287	822	1,170	1,774	2,697	3,906
Women
Total, 25 years and over	46,814	420	576	830	1,266	1,901
Less than a high school diploma	2,238	307	384	469	581	751
High school graduates, no college(1)	10,132	379	477	616	844	1,169
Some college or associate degree	12,755	411	536	717	1,007	1,381
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	21,689	589	798	1,145	1,708	2,384
Bachelor's degree only	13,208	551	741	1,041	1,533	2,145
Advanced degree	8,480	679	927	1,323	1,903	2,792
White, total
Total, 25 years and over	80,968	476	644	965	1,507	2,293
Less than a high school diploma	5,534	358	438	565	751	1,048
High school graduates, no college(1)	20,185	427	559	768	1,107	1,565
Some college or associate degree	21,073	472	616	869	1,256	1,760
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	34,176	638	901	1,342	1,998	2,990
Bachelor's degree only	21,637	604	833	1,229	1,879	2,785
Advanced degree	12,539	746	1,034	1,534	2,305	3,479
White men
Total, 25 years and over	46,005	505	703	1,064	1,662	2,517
Less than a high school diploma	3,921	387	481	612	818	1,175
High school graduates, no college(1)	12,730	481	613	861	1,227	1,726
Some college or associate degree	11,644	516	701	993	1,433	1,924
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	17,710	703	1,017	1,550	2,320	3,471
Bachelor's degree only	11,521	657	946	1,428	2,111	3,106
Advanced degree	6,189	846	1,215	1,836	2,804	4,089
White women
Total, 25 years and over	34,963	432	593	857	1,293	1,909
Less than a high school diploma	1,613	311	387	473	580	753
High school graduates, no college(1)	7,454	386	489	641	880	1,211
Some college or associate degree	9,429	421	555	742	1,038	1,428
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	16,467	602	813	1,152	1,707	2,397
Bachelor's degree only	10,117	574	752	1,051	1,538	2,185
Advanced degree	6,350	699	943	1,330	1,898	2,775
Black or African American, total
Total, 25 years and over	13,592	396	518	727	1,131	1,719
Less than a high school diploma	714	305	386	487	622	871
High school graduates, no college(1)	4,043	375	463	604	838	1,194
Some college or associate degree	4,309	399	519	684	978	1,342
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	4,526	517	723	1,065	1,613	2,301
Bachelor's degree only	2,868	498	676	970	1,462	2,087
Advanced degree	1,658	586	838	1,240	1,887	2,710
Black or African American men
Total, 25 years and over	6,551	411	553	775	1,182	1,809
Less than a high school diploma	386	341	424	526	710	977
High school graduates, no college(1)	2,192	390	495	667	955	1,283
Some college or associate degree	2,004	422	570	755	1,114	1,480
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	1,970	510	732	1,139	1,706	2,492
Bachelor's degree only	1,312	494	684	1,038	1,515	2,124
Advanced degree	657	593	900	1,360	2,017	2,899
Black or African American women
Total, 25 years and over	7,040	386	499	683	1,052	1,629
Less than a high school diploma	328	286	349	423	562	705
High school graduates, no college(1)	1,851	343	426	546	721	1,042
Some college or associate degree	2,305	388	490	628	867	1,196
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	2,556	523	716	1,013	1,547	2,209
Bachelor's degree only	1,556	501	669	937	1,431	2,005
Advanced degree	1,000	583	800	1,169	1,758	2,508
Asian, total
Total, 25 years and over	7,194	478	690	1,140	1,856	2,698
Less than a high school diploma	362	359	438	521	668	929
High school graduates, no college(1)	1,088	382	487	659	970	1,403
Some college or associate degree	1,042	445	585	817	1,215	1,670
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	4,702	652	946	1,465	2,124	2,977
Bachelor's degree only	2,476	583	834	1,270	1,895	2,676
Advanced degree	2,226	782	1,126	1,731	2,419	3,432
Asian men
Total, 25 years and over	3,942	507	773	1,280	2,005	2,905
Less than a high school diploma	192	375	459	579	776	1,017
High school graduates, no college(1)	619	404	510	748	1,111	1,509
Some college or associate degree	545	462	612	887	1,290	1,825
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	2,586	725	1,098	1,685	2,403	3,254
Bachelor's degree only	1,293	667	956	1,462	2,119	2,896
Advanced degree	1,293	873	1,274	1,882	2,705	3,828
Asian women
Total, 25 years and over	3,252	444	612	974	1,559	2,289
Less than a high school diploma	170	351	424	491	602	731
High school graduates, no college(1)	470	347	448	583	773	1,138
Some college or associate degree	497	436	552	717	1,106	1,525
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	2,116	585	840	1,242	1,881	2,508
Bachelor's degree only	1,183	508	743	1,124	1,633	2,236
Advanced degree	933	713	988	1,460	2,105	3,027
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, total
Total, 25 years and over	17,916	400	511	710	1,058	1,630
Less than a high school diploma	4,173	351	429	544	708	966
High school graduates, no college(1)	5,682	400	504	672	926	1,366
Some college or associate degree	4,157	434	572	763	1,081	1,509
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	3,903	516	734	1,101	1,699	2,477
Bachelor's degree only	2,701	500	692	1,002	1,577	2,298
Advanced degree	1,202	606	902	1,333	1,910	2,897
Hispanic or Latino men
Total, 25 years and over	10,818	424	550	755	1,139	1,755
Less than a high school diploma	2,976	385	474	598	765	1,038
High school graduates, no college(1)	3,610	429	548	738	1,023	1,504
Some college or associate degree	2,298	484	623	875	1,208	1,690
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	1,935	534	790	1,234	1,901	2,790
Bachelor's degree only	1,374	507	725	1,115	1,766	2,517
Advanced degree	560	679	1,032	1,502	2,271	3,181
Hispanic or Latino women
Total, 25 years and over	7,097	377	478	644	947	1,462
Less than a high school diploma	1,197	304	380	457	545	678
High school graduates, no college(1)	2,072	371	453	582	774	1,052
Some college or associate degree	1,859	400	512	677	901	1,256
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	1,968	504	700	991	1,492	2,115
Bachelor's degree only	1,327	492	668	914	1,383	1,976
Advanced degree	642	568	810	1,158	1,662	2,421
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Ten percent of all full-time wage and salary workers earn less than the upper limit of the first decile; 25 percent earn less than the upper limit of the first quartile; 50 percent earn less than the upper limit of the second quartile, or median; 75 percent earn less than the upper limit of the third quartile; and 90 percent earn less than the upper limit of the ninth decile. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.