Table 5. Employed workers with alternative and traditional work arrangements on sole or main job by selected demographic characteristics, July 2023

Table 5. Employed workers with alternative and traditional work arrangements on sole or main job by selected demographic characteristics, July 2023
(Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic	Total employed	Status on sole or main job
		Workers with alternative arrangements								Workers with traditional arrangements
		Independent contractors		On-call workers		Temporary help agency workers		Workers provided by contract firms		Workers with traditional arrangements
		Number	Percent of total employed	Number	Percent of total employed	Number	Percent of total employed	Number	Percent of total employed	Number	Percent of total employed
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and over	161,878	11,904	7.4	2,771	1.7	945	0.6	862	0.5	145,536	89.9
16 to 24 years	21,575	478	2.2	393	1.8	112	0.5	127	0.6	20,487	95.0
16 to 19 years	6,425	113	1.8	120	1.9	20	0.3	25	0.4	6,147	95.7
20 to 24 years	15,150	365	2.4	272	1.8	92	0.6	103	0.7	14,340	94.7
25 to 54 years	102,899	7,136	6.9	1,675	1.6	599	0.6	518	0.5	93,037	90.4
25 to 34 years	36,221	1,750	4.8	649	1.8	282	0.8	140	0.4	33,419	92.3
35 to 44 years	35,010	2,673	7.6	507	1.4	188	0.5	237	0.7	31,434	89.8
45 to 54 years	31,667	2,713	8.6	519	1.6	129	0.4	141	0.4	28,183	89.0
55 years and over	37,404	4,290	11.5	704	1.9	234	0.6	217	0.6	32,012	85.6
55 to 64 years	26,517	2,454	9.3	457	1.7	160	0.6	163	0.6	23,321	87.9
65 years and over	10,887	1,835	16.9	247	2.3	74	0.7	53	0.5	8,691	79.8
Men, 16 years and over	86,374	7,528	8.7	1,653	1.9	460	0.5	562	0.7	76,284	88.3
16 to 24 years	10,855	313	2.9	243	2.2	74	0.7	63	0.6	10,184	93.8
25 to 54 years	55,425	4,346	7.8	1,044	1.9	295	0.5	359	0.6	49,432	89.2
25 to 34 years	19,514	1,019	5.2	407	2.1	173	0.9	118	0.6	17,816	91.3
35 to 44 years	19,046	1,686	8.9	285	1.5	75	0.4	163	0.9	16,851	88.5
45 to 54 years	16,866	1,640	9.7	352	2.1	48	0.3	78	0.5	14,765	87.5
55 years and over	20,094	2,869	14.3	366	1.8	90	0.4	140	0.7	16,668	83.0
55 to 64 years	14,162	1,659	11.7	250	1.8	63	0.4	108	0.8	12,113	85.5
65 years and over	5,932	1,210	20.4	116	1.9	27	0.5	32	0.5	4,556	76.8
Women, 16 years and over	75,504	4,376	5.8	1,119	1.5	485	0.6	300	0.4	69,252	91.7
16 to 24 years	10,719	165	1.5	150	1.4	38	0.4	64	0.6	10,303	96.1
25 to 54 years	47,474	2,791	5.9	631	1.3	303	0.6	159	0.3	43,605	91.9
25 to 34 years	16,707	730	4.4	242	1.4	110	0.7	22	0.1	15,603	93.4
35 to 44 years	15,965	987	6.2	223	1.4	112	0.7	74	0.5	14,584	91.4
45 to 54 years	14,802	1,073	7.2	167	1.1	81	0.5	63	0.4	13,418	90.7
55 years and over	17,311	1,421	8.2	338	2.0	144	0.8	76	0.4	15,344	88.6
55 to 64 years	12,355	796	6.4	207	1.7	96	0.8	55	0.4	11,209	90.7
65 years and over	4,956	625	12.6	131	2.6	48	1.0	21	0.4	4,135	83.4
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 16 years and over	161,878	11,904	7.4	2,771	1.7	945	0.6	862	0.5	145,536	89.9
Men	86,374	7,528	8.7	1,653	1.9	460	0.5	562	0.7	76,284	88.3
Women	75,504	4,376	5.8	1,119	1.5	485	0.6	300	0.4	69,252	91.7
White	124,074	9,782	7.9	2,141	1.7	638	0.5	629	0.5	110,993	89.5
Men	67,235	6,247	9.3	1,292	1.9	315	0.5	433	0.6	59,034	87.8
Women	56,839	3,535	6.2	849	1.5	323	0.6	196	0.3	51,959	91.4
Black or African American	20,594	1,120	5.4	307	1.5	205	1.0	129	0.6	18,860	91.6
Men	9,959	659	6.6	177	1.8	99	1.0	71	0.7	8,979	90.2
Women	10,635	460	4.3	130	1.2	106	1.0	58	0.5	9,881	92.9
Asian	11,041	598	5.4	148	1.3	61	0.6	68	0.6	10,171	92.1
Men	5,878	373	6.3	112	1.9	37	0.6	40	0.7	5,316	90.4
Women	5,163	225	4.4	36	0.7	24	0.5	28	0.5	4,855	94.0
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	29,883	2,225	7.4	645	2.2	339	1.1	221	0.7	26,504	88.7
Men	16,889	1,568	9.3	388	2.3	178	1.1	171	1.0	14,626	86.6
Women	12,994	657	5.1	258	2.0	161	1.2	50	0.4	11,878	91.4
School enrollment
Total, 16 to 54 years	124,473	7,614	6.1	2,068	1.7	711	0.6	645	0.5	113,523	91.2
Enrolled in school	8,432	229	2.7	150	1.8	45	0.5	41	0.5	7,971	94.5
Not enrolled in school	116,042	7,385	6.4	1,918	1.7	666	0.6	604	0.5	105,553	91.0
Total, 16 to 24 years	21,575	478	2.2	393	1.8	112	0.5	127	0.6	20,487	95.0
Enrolled in school	5,343	70	1.3	86	1.6	36	0.7	31	0.6	5,120	95.8
Not enrolled in school	16,231	408	2.5	307	1.9	76	0.5	97	0.6	15,366	94.7
Total, 25 to 54 years	102,899	7,136	6.9	1,675	1.6	599	0.6	518	0.5	93,037	90.4
Enrolled in school	3,088	159	5.1	64	2.1	9	0.3	10	0.3	2,851	92.3
Not enrolled in school	99,810	6,977	7.0	1,611	1.6	590	0.6	508	0.5	90,186	90.4
Educational attainment
Total, 25 years and over	140,303	11,426	8.1	2,379	1.7	833	0.6	735	0.5	125,049	89.1
Less than a high school diploma	7,868	837	10.6	261	3.3	92	1.2	87	1.1	6,620	84.1
High school graduates, no college(1)	33,488	2,658	7.9	620	1.9	221	0.7	236	0.7	29,809	89.0
Some college or associate degree	34,657	2,867	8.3	724	2.1	202	0.6	142	0.4	30,731	88.7
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	64,290	5,064	7.9	775	1.2	317	0.5	269	0.4	57,889	90.0
Bachelor's degree only	39,180	3,279	8.4	510	1.3	208	0.5	142	0.4	35,059	89.5
Advanced degree(3)	25,110	1,785	7.1	265	1.1	109	0.4	127	0.5	22,831	90.9
(1) Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. (3) Includes people with master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Workers with traditional arrangements are those who do not fall into any of the "alternative arrangements" categories. Detail may not sum to total because there are a small number of workers who were both "on call" and "provided by contract firms." For multiple jobholders, work arrangements are based on their main job—the one at which they usually work the greatest number of hours. Estimates for the race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to total because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for other characteristics may not sum to total due to rounding.

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Last Modified Date: November 08, 2024