Table 5a. Percent distribution of employed workers with alternative and traditional work arrangements on sole or main job by selected demographic characteristics, July 2023

Table 5a. Percent distribution of employed workers with alternative and traditional work arrangements on sole or main job by selected demographic characteristics, July 2023
(Percent distribution)
Characteristic	Total employed	Status on sole or main job
		Workers with alternative arrangements				Workers with traditional arrangements
		Independent contractors	On-call workers	Temporary help agency workers	Workers provided by contract firms	Workers with traditional arrangements
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and over (in thousands)	161,878	11,904	2,771	945	862	145,536
Percent	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
16 to 24 years	13.3	4.0	14.2	11.9	14.8	14.1
16 to 19 years	4.0	0.9	4.3	2.1	2.9	4.2
20 to 24 years	9.4	3.1	9.8	9.7	11.9	9.9
25 to 54 years	63.6	60.0	60.4	63.4	60.1	63.9
25 to 34 years	22.4	14.7	23.4	29.9	16.2	23.0
35 to 44 years	21.6	22.5	18.3	19.9	27.5	21.6
45 to 54 years	19.6	22.8	18.7	13.6	16.4	19.4
55 years and over	23.1	36.0	25.4	24.8	25.1	22.0
55 to 64 years	16.4	20.6	16.5	16.9	18.9	16.0
65 years and over	6.7	15.4	8.9	7.9	6.2	6.0
Men, 16 years and over (in thousands)	86,374	7,528	1,653	460	562	76,284
Percent	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
16 to 24 years	12.6	4.2	14.7	16.2	11.3	13.4
25 to 54 years	64.2	57.7	63.2	64.3	63.8	64.8
25 to 34 years	22.6	13.5	24.6	37.5	20.9	23.4
35 to 44 years	22.1	22.4	17.2	16.3	28.9	22.1
45 to 54 years	19.5	21.8	21.3	10.4	13.9	19.4
55 years and over	23.3	38.1	22.1	19.6	25.0	21.9
55 to 64 years	16.4	22.0	15.1	13.8	19.3	15.9
65 years and over	6.9	16.1	7.0	5.8	5.7	6.0
Women, 16 years and over (in thousands)	75,504	4,376	1,119	485	300	69,252
Percent	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
16 to 24 years	14.2	3.8	13.4	7.8	21.3	14.9
25 to 54 years	62.9	63.8	56.4	62.5	53.2	63.0
25 to 34 years	22.1	16.7	21.6	22.6	7.4	22.5
35 to 44 years	21.1	22.6	19.9	23.2	24.7	21.1
45 to 54 years	19.6	24.5	14.9	16.7	21.1	19.4
55 years and over	22.9	32.5	30.2	29.7	25.5	22.2
55 to 64 years	16.4	18.2	18.5	19.9	18.4	16.2
65 years and over	6.6	14.3	11.7	9.8	7.1	6.0
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 16 years and over (in thousands)	161,878	11,904	2,771	945	862	145,536
Percent	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Men	53.4	63.2	59.6	48.6	65.2	52.4
Women	46.6	36.8	40.4	51.4	34.8	47.6
White	76.6	82.2	77.2	67.5	73.0	76.3
Men	41.5	52.5	46.6	33.3	50.3	40.6
Women	35.1	29.7	30.6	34.2	22.7	35.7
Black or African American	12.7	9.4	11.1	21.7	14.9	13.0
Men	6.2	5.5	6.4	10.5	8.2	6.2
Women	6.6	3.9	4.7	11.2	6.7	6.8
Asian	6.8	5.0	5.3	6.4	7.9	7.0
Men	3.6	3.1	4.0	3.9	4.7	3.7
Women	3.2	1.9	1.3	2.5	3.2	3.3
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	18.5	18.7	23.3	35.9	25.7	18.2
Men	10.4	13.2	14.0	18.9	19.9	10.0
Women	8.0	5.5	9.3	17.0	5.8	8.2
School enrollment
Total, 16 to 54 years (in thousands)	124,473	7,614	2,068	711	645	113,523
Percent	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Enrolled in school	6.8	3.0	7.2	6.3	6.3	7.0
Not enrolled in school	93.2	97.0	92.8	93.7	93.7	93.0
Total, 16 to 24 years (in thousands)	21,575	478	393	112	127	20,487
Percent	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Enrolled in school	24.8	14.7	21.8	32.4	24.2	25.0
Not enrolled in school	75.2	85.3	78.2	67.6	75.8	75.0
Total, 25 to 54 years (in thousands)	102,899	7,136	1,675	599	518	93,037
Percent	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Enrolled in school	3.0	2.2	3.8	1.5	1.9	3.1
Not enrolled in school	97.0	97.8	96.2	98.5	98.1	96.9
Educational attainment
Total, 25 years and over (in thousands)	140,303	11,426	2,379	833	735	125,049
Percent	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than a high school diploma	5.6	7.3	11.0	11.1	11.8	5.3
High school graduates, no college(1)	23.9	23.3	26.1	26.6	32.2	23.8
Some college or associate degree	24.7	25.1	30.4	24.3	19.4	24.6
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	45.8	44.3	32.6	38.1	36.6	46.3
Bachelor's degree only	27.9	28.7	21.4	25.0	19.3	28.0
Advanced degree(3)	17.9	15.6	11.1	13.1	17.3	18.3
(1) Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. (3) Includes people with master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Workers with traditional arrangements are those who do not fall into any of the "alternative arrangements" categories. Detail may not sum to total because there are a small number of workers who were both "on call" and "provided by contract firms." For multiple jobholders, work arrangements are based on their main job—the one at which they usually work the greatest number of hours. Estimates for the race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to total because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for other characteristics may not sum to total due to rounding.

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Last Modified Date: November 08, 2024