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Economic News Release
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Table 6. Employment status of mothers with own children under 3 years old by single year of age of youngest child and marital status, 2023-2024 annual averages

Table 6. Employment status of mothers with own children under 3 years old by single year of age of youngest child and marital status, 2023-2024 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic 2023 2024
With own children under 3 years old With own children under 3 years old
Total 2 years 1 year Under 1
year		 Total 2 years 1 year Under 1
year

TOTAL MOTHERS

Civilian noninstitutional population

 8,164 2,535 2,981 2,647 8,063 2,632 2,904 2,526

Civilian labor force

 5,412 1,770 2,001 1,641 5,275 1,831 1,879 1,565

Participation rate

 66.3 69.8 67.1 62.0 65.4 69.6 64.7 61.9

Employed

 5,203 1,709 1,913 1,581 5,067 1,765 1,802 1,500

Full-time workers(1)

 3,981 1,327 1,443 1,211 3,822 1,347 1,371 1,104

Part-time workers(2)

 1,223 382 471 370 1,245 418 431 396

Employment-population ratio

 63.7 67.4 64.2 59.7 62.8 67.1 62.0 59.4

Unemployed

 208 61 88 59 208 66 77 65

Unemployment rate

 3.8 3.4 4.4 3.6 3.9 3.6 4.1 4.1

Total married, spouse present

Civilian noninstitutional population

 5,876 1,784 2,171 1,920 5,941 1,906 2,179 1,855

Civilian labor force

 3,899 1,224 1,462 1,213 3,871 1,300 1,404 1,167

Participation rate

 66.4 68.6 67.3 63.2 65.2 68.2 64.4 62.9

Employed

 3,815 1,203 1,423 1,190 3,778 1,266 1,366 1,145

Full-time workers(1)

 2,952 942 1,086 924 2,873 975 1,046 852

Part-time workers(2)

 863 260 337 266 904 291 320 294

Employment-population ratio

 64.9 67.4 65.5 62.0 63.6 66.4 62.7 61.7

Unemployed

 83 21 39 23 94 34 38 22

Unemployment rate

 2.1 1.7 2.7 1.9 2.4 2.6 2.7 1.8

Other marital status(3)

Civilian noninstitutional population

 2,288 750 810 727 2,122 726 726 671

Civilian labor force

 1,513 546 539 428 1,403 531 475 398

Participation rate

 66.1 72.8 66.6 58.8 66.1 73.2 65.4 59.3

Employed

 1,388 506 491 391 1,290 499 436 354

Full-time workers(1)

 1,028 385 357 287 949 372 325 252

Part-time workers(2)

 360 121 134 105 341 128 111 102

Employment-population ratio

 60.7 67.4 60.6 53.8 60.8 68.8 60.1 52.8

Unemployed

 125 40 49 36 114 32 39 43

Unemployment rate

 8.3 7.3 9.0 8.5 8.1 6.0 8.1 10.9

Footnotes
(1) Usually work 35 hours or more per week at all jobs.
(2) Usually work less than 35 hours per week at all jobs.
(3) Includes people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; and married, spouse absent.

NOTE: Own children include biological, step-, and adopted children living in the household who are under age 18. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
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Last Modified Date: April 23, 2025