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Economic News Release
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Table 2. Employment status of the foreign-born and native-born populations 16 years and over by presence and age of youngest child and sex, 2024-2025 annual averages

Table 2. Employment status of the foreign-born and native-born populations 16 years and over by presence and age of youngest child and sex, 2024-2025 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic 2024 2025
Total Men Women Total Men Women

FOREIGN BORN

With own children under 18

Civilian noninstitutional population

 15,862 7,506 8,356 16,031 7,567 8,464

Civilian labor force

 12,388 7,019 5,369 12,590 7,102 5,488

Participation rate

 78.1 93.5 64.3 78.5 93.9 64.8

Employed

 11,922 6,822 5,100 12,100 6,864 5,236

Employment-population ratio

 75.2 90.9 61.0 75.5 90.7 61.9

Unemployed

 467 197 269 490 238 252

Unemployment rate

 3.8 2.8 5.0 3.9 3.3 4.6

With own children 6 to 17, none younger

Civilian noninstitutional population

 9,664 4,514 5,150 9,745 4,506 5,239

Civilian labor force

 7,783 4,192 3,591 7,877 4,196 3,681

Participation rate

 80.5 92.9 69.7 80.8 93.1 70.3

Employed

 7,495 4,073 3,422 7,591 4,069 3,522

Employment-population ratio

 77.6 90.2 66.4 77.9 90.3 67.2

Unemployed

 288 119 169 286 126 159

Unemployment rate

 3.7 2.8 4.7 3.6 3.0 4.3

With own children under 6

Civilian noninstitutional population

 6,198 2,992 3,206 6,287 3,061 3,225

Civilian labor force

 4,606 2,828 1,778 4,713 2,906 1,806

Participation rate

 74.3 94.5 55.5 75.0 94.9 56.0

Employed

 4,427 2,749 1,678 4,509 2,795 1,714

Employment-population ratio

 71.4 91.9 52.3 71.7 91.3 53.1

Unemployed

 178 79 100 204 111 92

Unemployment rate

 3.9 2.8 5.6 4.3 3.8 5.1

With own children under 3

Civilian noninstitutional population

 3,312 1,609 1,702 3,414 1,651 1,764

Civilian labor force

 2,370 1,519 852 2,490 1,567 923

Participation rate

 71.6 94.4 50.0 72.9 94.9 52.4

Employed

 2,277 1,478 798 2,372 1,505 867

Employment-population ratio

 68.7 91.9 46.9 69.5 91.1 49.2

Unemployed

 94 41 53 118 62 56

Unemployment rate

 4.0 2.7 6.3 4.7 4.0 6.1

With no own children under 18

Civilian noninstitutional population

 32,635 16,300 16,335 33,264 16,503 16,761

Civilian labor force

 19,874 11,389 8,485 20,097 11,409 8,688

Participation rate

 60.9 69.9 51.9 60.4 69.1 51.8

Employed

 18,986 10,895 8,091 19,221 10,922 8,299

Employment-population ratio

 58.2 66.8 49.5 57.8 66.2 49.5

Unemployed

 888 494 394 876 487 389

Unemployment rate

 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.5

NATIVE BORN

With own children under 18

Civilian noninstitutional population

 46,364 20,703 25,661 46,675 20,917 25,758

Civilian labor force

 39,154 19,364 19,790 39,395 19,583 19,812

Participation rate

 84.4 93.5 77.1 84.4 93.6 76.9

Employed

 38,088 18,924 19,164 38,296 19,156 19,139

Employment-population ratio

 82.1 91.4 74.7 82.0 91.6 74.3

Unemployed

 1,066 440 626 1,099 427 673

Unemployment rate

 2.7 2.3 3.2 2.8 2.2 3.4

With own children 6 to 17, none younger

Civilian noninstitutional population

 26,314 11,671 14,643 26,544 11,877 14,666

Civilian labor force

 22,635 10,783 11,852 22,838 10,959 11,880

Participation rate

 86.0 92.4 80.9 86.0 92.3 81.0

Employed

 22,054 10,537 11,517 22,243 10,738 11,505

Employment-population ratio

 83.8 90.3 78.7 83.8 90.4 78.4

Unemployed

 580 246 335 595 220 375

Unemployment rate

 2.6 2.3 2.8 2.6 2.0 3.2

With own children under 6

Civilian noninstitutional population

 20,051 9,032 11,018 20,132 9,040 11,091

Civilian labor force

 16,519 8,581 7,938 16,557 8,624 7,932

Participation rate

 82.4 95.0 72.0 82.2 95.4 71.5

Employed

 16,033 8,387 7,647 16,052 8,418 7,635

Employment-population ratio

 80.0 92.9 69.4 79.7 93.1 68.8

Unemployed

 486 195 291 504 207 298

Unemployment rate

 2.9 2.3 3.7 3.0 2.4 3.8

With own children under 3

Civilian noninstitutional population

 11,682 5,321 6,361 11,537 5,234 6,303

Civilian labor force

 9,485 5,062 4,423 9,329 5,012 4,317

Participation rate

 81.2 95.1 69.5 80.9 95.8 68.5

Employed

 9,214 4,945 4,269 9,039 4,887 4,152

Employment-population ratio

 78.9 92.9 67.1 78.3 93.4 65.9

Unemployed

 272 117 154 290 125 165

Unemployment rate

 2.9 2.3 3.5 3.1 2.5 3.8

With no own children under 18

Civilian noninstitutional population

 173,710 86,430 87,280 177,683 88,494 89,189

Civilian labor force

 96,690 51,201 45,488 98,725 52,423 46,302

Participation rate

 55.7 59.2 52.1 55.6 59.2 51.9

Employed

 92,350 48,672 43,677 93,876 49,620 44,256

Employment-population ratio

 53.2 56.3 50.0 52.8 56.1 49.6

Unemployed

 4,340 2,529 1,811 4,849 2,803 2,046

Unemployment rate

 4.5 4.9 4.0 4.9 5.3 4.4

NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Annual estimates for 2025 are 11-month averages that exclude October. (Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.) As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with annual averages for other years.
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Last Modified Date: May 19, 2026