U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Department of Labor Logo United States Department of Labor
Dot gov

The .gov means it's official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Economic News Release
PRINT:Print
CPS CPS Program Links

Table 2. Employment status of the foreign-born and native-born populations 16 years and over by presence and age of youngest child and sex, 2023-2024 annual averages

Table 2. Employment status of the foreign-born and native-born populations 16 years and over by presence and age of youngest child and sex, 2023-2024 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic 2023 2024
Total Men Women Total Men Women

FOREIGN BORN

With own children under 18

Civilian noninstitutional population

 15,554 7,375 8,179 15,862 7,506 8,356

Civilian labor force

 12,166 6,906 5,259 12,388 7,019 5,369

Participation rate

 78.2 93.6 64.3 78.1 93.5 64.3

Employed

 11,793 6,715 5,079 11,922 6,822 5,100

Employment-population ratio

 75.8 91.0 62.1 75.2 90.9 61.0

Unemployed

 372 191 181 467 197 269

Unemployment rate

 3.1 2.8 3.4 3.8 2.8 5.0

With own children 6 to 17, none younger

Civilian noninstitutional population

 9,390 4,423 4,966 9,664 4,514 5,150

Civilian labor force

 7,514 4,098 3,416 7,783 4,192 3,591

Participation rate

 80.0 92.6 68.8 80.5 92.9 69.7

Employed

 7,291 3,985 3,307 7,495 4,073 3,422

Employment-population ratio

 77.7 90.1 66.6 77.6 90.2 66.4

Unemployed

 222 113 110 288 119 169

Unemployment rate

 3.0 2.7 3.2 3.7 2.8 4.7

With own children under 6

Civilian noninstitutional population

 6,164 2,952 3,212 6,198 2,992 3,206

Civilian labor force

 4,652 2,809 1,843 4,606 2,828 1,778

Participation rate

 75.5 95.2 57.4 74.3 94.5 55.5

Employed

 4,502 2,730 1,772 4,427 2,749 1,678

Employment-population ratio

 73.0 92.5 55.2 71.4 91.9 52.3

Unemployed

 150 79 71 178 79 100

Unemployment rate

 3.2 2.8 3.9 3.9 2.8 5.6

With own children under 3

Civilian noninstitutional population

 3,250 1,557 1,693 3,312 1,609 1,702

Civilian labor force

 2,382 1,477 905 2,370 1,519 852

Participation rate

 73.3 94.8 53.5 71.6 94.4 50.0

Employed

 2,304 1,437 866 2,277 1,478 798

Employment-population ratio

 70.9 92.3 51.2 68.7 91.9 46.9

Unemployed

 79 40 39 94 41 53

Unemployment rate

 3.3 2.7 4.3 4.0 2.7 6.3

With no own children under 18

Civilian noninstitutional population

 31,098 15,465 15,632 32,635 16,300 16,335

Civilian labor force

 18,886 10,798 8,087 19,874 11,389 8,485

Participation rate

 60.7 69.8 51.7 60.9 69.9 51.9

Employed

 18,139 10,376 7,763 18,986 10,895 8,091

Employment-population ratio

 58.3 67.1 49.7 58.2 66.8 49.5

Unemployed

 747 422 325 888 494 394

Unemployment rate

 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.5 4.3 4.6

NATIVE BORN

With own children under 18

Civilian noninstitutional population

 47,006 21,095 25,911 46,364 20,703 25,661

Civilian labor force

 39,638 19,673 19,965 39,154 19,364 19,790

Participation rate

 84.3 93.3 77.1 84.4 93.5 77.1

Employed

 38,664 19,285 19,378 38,088 18,924 19,164

Employment-population ratio

 82.3 91.4 74.8 82.1 91.4 74.7

Unemployed

 974 387 587 1,066 440 626

Unemployment rate

 2.5 2.0 2.9 2.7 2.3 3.2

With own children 6 to 17, none younger

Civilian noninstitutional population

 26,483 11,863 14,619 26,314 11,671 14,643

Civilian labor force

 22,764 10,951 11,814 22,635 10,783 11,852

Participation rate

 86.0 92.3 80.8 86.0 92.4 80.9

Employed

 22,255 10,740 11,515 22,054 10,537 11,517

Employment-population ratio

 84.0 90.5 78.8 83.8 90.3 78.7

Unemployed

 509 210 299 580 246 335

Unemployment rate

 2.2 1.9 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.8

With own children under 6

Civilian noninstitutional population

 20,523 9,231 11,292 20,051 9,032 11,018

Civilian labor force

 16,873 8,722 8,151 16,519 8,581 7,938

Participation rate

 82.2 94.5 72.2 82.4 95.0 72.0

Employed

 16,408 8,545 7,863 16,033 8,387 7,647

Employment-population ratio

 80.0 92.6 69.6 80.0 92.9 69.4

Unemployed

 465 177 288 486 195 291

Unemployment rate

 2.8 2.0 3.5 2.9 2.3 3.7

With own children under 3

Civilian noninstitutional population

 11,892 5,421 6,471 11,682 5,321 6,361

Civilian labor force

 9,645 5,139 4,506 9,485 5,062 4,423

Participation rate

 81.1 94.8 69.6 81.2 95.1 69.5

Employed

 9,371 5,034 4,337 9,214 4,945 4,269

Employment-population ratio

 78.8 92.9 67.0 78.9 92.9 67.1

Unemployed

 275 105 169 272 117 154

Unemployment rate

 2.8 2.0 3.8 2.9 2.3 3.5

With no own children under 18

Civilian noninstitutional population

 173,285 86,541 86,744 173,710 86,430 87,280

Civilian labor force

 96,427 51,500 44,927 96,690 51,201 45,488

Participation rate

 55.6 59.5 51.8 55.7 59.2 52.1

Employed

 92,440 49,123 43,317 92,350 48,672 43,677

Employment-population ratio

 53.3 56.8 49.9 53.2 56.3 50.0

Unemployed

 3,987 2,377 1,610 4,340 2,529 1,811

Unemployment rate

 4.1 4.6 3.6 4.5 4.9 4.0

NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table of Contents
Last Modified Date: May 20, 2025