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Table 3. Employment status of the foreign-born and native-born populations 25 years and over by educational attainment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2017-2018 annual averages

Table 3. Employment status of the foreign-born and native-born populations 25 years and over by educational attainment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2017-2018 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic 2017 2018
Less than
a high
school
diploma		 High school
graduates,
no college(1)		 Some
college or
associate
degree		 Bachelor's
degree and
higher(2)		 Less than
a high
school
diploma		 High school
graduates,
no college(1)		 Some
college or
associate
degree		 Bachelor's
degree and
higher(2)

FOREIGN BORN

White non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 574 1,653 1,364 3,445 644 1,708 1,361 3,617

Civilian labor force

 206 841 812 2,409 250 849 817 2,515

Participation rate

 35.9 50.9 59.6 69.9 38.9 49.7 60.0 69.5

Employed

 193 803 779 2,341 238 823 791 2,440

Employment-population ratio

 33.7 48.6 57.1 68.0 36.9 48.2 58.1 67.5

Unemployed

 13 39 33 68 12 26 27 75

Unemployment rate

 6.3 4.6 4.1 2.8 4.9 3.1 3.3 3.0

Black non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 388 895 798 1,113 391 946 908 1,156

Civilian labor force

 210 628 612 911 196 666 684 950

Participation rate

 54.3 70.1 76.7 81.9 50.3 70.4 75.3 82.1

Employed

 197 593 585 866 187 637 653 911

Employment-population ratio

 50.7 66.3 73.2 77.8 47.8 67.4 71.9 78.8

Unemployed

 14 35 27 45 10 28 31 38

Unemployment rate

 6.5 5.5 4.5 5.0 4.9 4.2 4.5 4.0

Asian non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 1,052 1,932 1,381 5,515 1,015 1,955 1,402 5,844

Civilian labor force

 421 1,185 940 3,983 403 1,145 934 4,257

Participation rate

 40.0 61.3 68.1 72.2 39.7 58.6 66.7 72.8

Employed

 404 1,154 909 3,864 393 1,121 910 4,152

Employment-population ratio

 38.4 59.7 65.8 70.1 38.7 57.3 64.9 71.0

Unemployed

 17 31 31 120 10 24 24 106

Unemployment rate

 4.0 2.6 3.3 3.0 2.5 2.1 2.6 2.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian noninstitutional population

 7,438 5,108 2,433 2,458 7,514 5,410 2,577 2,585

Civilian labor force

 4,698 3,694 1,850 1,824 4,730 3,908 1,930 1,923

Participation rate

 63.2 72.3 76.0 74.2 62.9 72.2 74.9 74.4

Employed

 4,488 3,551 1,789 1,766 4,534 3,777 1,867 1,870

Employment-population ratio

 60.3 69.5 73.5 71.8 60.3 69.8 72.4 72.4

Unemployed

 210 143 61 58 196 131 63 53

Unemployment rate

 4.5 3.9 3.3 3.2 4.1 3.4 3.2 2.7

NATIVE BORN

White non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 7,804 38,295 37,581 50,848 7,423 37,857 37,328 52,012

Civilian labor force

 2,713 20,767 23,817 37,050 2,641 20,379 23,507 37,817

Participation rate

 34.8 54.2 63.4 72.9 35.6 53.8 63.0 72.7

Employed

 2,524 19,959 23,057 36,326 2,479 19,670 22,855 37,117

Employment-population ratio

 32.3 52.1 61.4 71.4 33.4 52.0 61.2 71.4

Unemployed

 189 808 760 724 162 708 652 700

Unemployment rate

 7.0 3.9 3.2 2.0 6.1 3.5 2.8 1.9

Black non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 2,486 7,507 6,754 5,065 2,427 7,487 6,713 5,555

Civilian labor force

 785 4,355 4,632 3,888 782 4,340 4,571 4,259

Participation rate

 31.6 58.0 68.6 76.8 32.2 58.0 68.1 76.7

Employed

 663 3,998 4,352 3,766 684 4,029 4,324 4,146

Employment-population ratio

 26.7 53.3 64.4 74.4 28.2 53.8 64.4 74.6

Unemployed

 123 357 280 122 98 311 247 112

Unemployment rate

 15.6 8.2 6.0 3.1 12.6 7.2 5.4 2.6

Asian non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 141 476 610 1,714 164 516 602 1,854

Civilian labor force

 54 279 420 1,355 69 309 414 1,468

Participation rate

 38.4 58.6 68.9 79.1 41.8 60.0 68.7 79.2

Employed

 52 269 407 1,329 65 299 400 1,440

Employment-population ratio

 36.8 56.6 66.8 77.5 39.7 58.0 66.4 77.7

Unemployed

 2 10 13 26 4 10 14 28

Unemployment rate

 4.3 3.5 3.1 1.9 5.1 3.4 3.3 1.9

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian noninstitutional population

 2,291 4,904 4,787 3,422 2,223 5,227 4,903 3,613

Civilian labor force

 1,057 3,273 3,556 2,837 1,023 3,531 3,624 2,989

Participation rate

 46.1 66.7 74.3 82.9 46.0 67.6 73.9 82.7

Employed

 974 3,091 3,407 2,759 954 3,369 3,487 2,900

Employment-population ratio

 42.5 63.0 71.2 80.6 42.9 64.5 71.1 80.3

Unemployed

 83 182 149 78 69 162 137 88

Unemployment rate

 7.8 5.6 4.2 2.7 6.8 4.6 3.8 3.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Data for race/ethnicity groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

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Last Modified Date: May 16, 2019