Table 3. Employment status of the foreign-born and native-born populations 25 years and over by educational attainment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2020-2021 annual averages

Table 3. Employment status of the foreign-born and native-born populations 25 years and over by educational attainment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2020-2021 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	2020				2021
Characteristic	Less than a high school diploma	High school graduates, no college(1)	Some college or associate degree	Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	Less than a high school diploma	High school graduates, no college(1)	Some college or associate degree	Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
FOREIGN BORN
White non-Hispanic or Latino
Civilian noninstitutional population	498	1,567	1,249	3,610	494	1,663	1,321	3,589
Civilian labor force	161	782	718	2,548	174	795	763	2,571
Participation rate	32.3	49.9	57.5	70.6	35.2	47.8	57.8	71.6
Employed	144	710	652	2,398	162	747	724	2,464
Employment-population ratio	28.9	45.3	52.2	66.4	32.8	44.9	54.8	68.7
Unemployed	17	73	66	150	12	48	39	106
Unemployment rate	10.3	9.3	9.2	5.9	6.6	6.0	5.2	4.1
Black non-Hispanic or Latino
Civilian noninstitutional population	374	1,016	866	1,313	376	1,034	825	1,415
Civilian labor force	190	671	656	1,062	185	684	596	1,135
Participation rate	50.9	66.1	75.8	80.9	49.2	66.2	72.3	80.2
Employed	160	585	588	984	169	625	558	1,073
Employment-population ratio	42.8	57.6	67.9	75.0	44.9	60.5	67.7	75.8
Unemployed	30	87	68	78	16	59	38	62
Unemployment rate	16.0	12.9	10.4	7.4	8.7	8.6	6.3	5.5
Asian non-Hispanic or Latino
Civilian noninstitutional population	900	1,877	1,234	6,186	849	1,916	1,239	6,190
Civilian labor force	353	995	766	4,422	330	1,008	787	4,554
Participation rate	39.3	53.0	62.1	71.5	38.9	52.6	63.6	73.6
Employed	297	844	687	4,167	307	923	745	4,391
Employment-population ratio	33.0	45.0	55.6	67.4	36.1	48.1	60.1	70.9
Unemployed	57	151	79	255	24	85	43	163
Unemployment rate	16.1	15.2	10.4	5.8	7.2	8.4	5.4	3.6
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional population	6,952	5,472	2,717	2,956	7,200	5,762	2,624	3,025
Civilian labor force	4,156	3,794	1,929	2,220	4,327	3,971	1,845	2,238
Participation rate	59.8	69.3	71.0	75.1	60.1	68.9	70.3	74.0
Employed	3,705	3,425	1,764	2,066	4,049	3,752	1,749	2,148
Employment-population ratio	53.3	62.6	64.9	69.9	56.2	65.1	66.6	71.0
Unemployed	451	369	165	154	278	219	96	91
Unemployment rate	10.9	9.7	8.5	6.9	6.4	5.5	5.2	4.0

NATIVE BORN
White non-Hispanic or Latino
Civilian noninstitutional population	6,386	37,005	36,937	55,058	6,350	37,125	36,296	55,629
Civilian labor force	2,216	19,488	22,495	39,028	2,207	19,132	21,891	39,006
Participation rate	34.7	52.7	60.9	70.9	34.7	51.5	60.3	70.1
Employed	2,004	18,085	20,992	37,378	2,030	18,200	20,969	38,009
Employment-population ratio	31.4	48.9	56.8	67.9	32.0	49.0	57.8	68.3
Unemployed	212	1,403	1,503	1,650	176	932	922	997
Unemployment rate	9.6	7.2	6.7	4.2	8.0	4.9	4.2	2.6
Black non-Hispanic or Latino
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,235	7,609	6,751	6,045	2,093	7,923	6,795	6,072
Civilian labor force	687	4,130	4,382	4,560	598	4,395	4,448	4,579
Participation rate	30.7	54.3	64.9	75.4	28.6	55.5	65.5	75.4
Employed	565	3,588	3,944	4,313	488	3,946	4,103	4,391
Employment-population ratio	25.3	47.2	58.4	71.3	23.3	49.8	60.4	72.3
Unemployed	123	542	438	247	110	450	345	187
Unemployment rate	17.8	13.1	10.0	5.4	18.4	10.2	7.7	4.1
Asian non-Hispanic or Latino
Civilian noninstitutional population	128	541	629	2,320	142	580	642	2,335
Civilian labor force	66	319	408	1,823	52	329	425	1,833
Participation rate	51.6	58.9	64.8	78.6	36.8	56.7	66.2	78.5
Employed	58	285	365	1,731	48	302	398	1,777
Employment-population ratio	45.3	52.7	58.1	74.6	33.6	52.1	62.0	76.1
Unemployed	8	33	42	92	5	27	27	55
Unemployment rate	12.4	10.5	10.3	5.0	8.9	8.1	6.3	3.0
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,014	5,545	5,274	4,446	2,079	5,701	5,227	4,407
Civilian labor force	951	3,683	3,928	3,588	977	3,751	3,809	3,642
Participation rate	47.2	66.4	74.5	80.7	47.0	65.8	72.9	82.6
Employed	831	3,299	3,571	3,361	871	3,470	3,560	3,504
Employment-population ratio	41.2	59.5	67.7	75.6	41.9	60.9	68.1	79.5
Unemployed	120	384	358	227	106	281	249	138
Unemployment rate	12.6	10.4	9.1	6.3	10.9	7.5	6.5	3.8
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Data for race/ethnicity groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

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Last Modified Date: May 18, 2022