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Economic News Release
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Table 3. Employment status of the foreign-born and native-born populations 25 years and over by educational attainment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2023-2024 annual averages

Table 3. Employment status of the foreign-born and native-born populations 25 years and over by educational attainment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2023-2024 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic 2023 2024
Less than
a high
school
diploma		 High school
graduates,
no college(1)		 Some
college or
associate
degree		 Bachelor's
degree and
higher(2)		 Less than
a high
school
diploma		 High school
graduates,
no college(1)		 Some
college or
associate
degree		 Bachelor's
degree and
higher(2)

FOREIGN BORN

White non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 564 1,616 1,352 3,822 475 1,637 1,343 3,925

Civilian labor force

 241 837 765 2,682 195 862 759 2,784

Participation rate

 42.7 51.8 56.6 70.2 41.0 52.7 56.5 70.9

Employed

 232 811 739 2,608 184 831 739 2,695

Employment-population ratio

 41.1 50.2 54.6 68.2 38.8 50.7 55.0 68.7

Unemployed

 9 26 26 74 10 32 21 89

Unemployment rate

 3.7 3.1 3.5 2.8 5.3 3.7 2.7 3.2

Black non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 402 1,167 906 1,654 431 1,248 957 1,727

Civilian labor force

 207 818 698 1,382 217 863 717 1,395

Participation rate

 51.5 70.1 77.0 83.5 50.3 69.1 74.9 80.7

Employed

 197 779 679 1,343 202 809 681 1,345

Employment-population ratio

 49.1 66.8 74.9 81.2 46.9 64.8 71.2 77.9

Unemployed

 10 39 19 38 14 53 36 50

Unemployment rate

 4.7 4.7 2.7 2.8 6.7 6.2 5.0 3.6

Asian non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 964 2,038 1,317 6,773 972 2,084 1,376 6,989

Civilian labor force

 367 1,117 853 5,063 372 1,140 853 5,168

Participation rate

 38.1 54.8 64.8 74.8 38.3 54.7 62.0 73.9

Employed

 353 1,089 831 4,938 362 1,111 829 5,031

Employment-population ratio

 36.6 53.4 63.1 72.9 37.2 53.3 60.3 72.0

Unemployed

 14 28 23 125 10 29 23 137

Unemployment rate

 3.9 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian noninstitutional population

 7,321 6,334 2,751 3,427 7,525 6,687 2,833 3,816

Civilian labor force

 4,527 4,481 1,987 2,635 4,644 4,806 2,100 2,947

Participation rate

 61.8 70.7 72.2 76.9 61.7 71.9 74.1 77.2

Employed

 4,320 4,306 1,931 2,555 4,388 4,601 2,031 2,846

Employment-population ratio

 59.0 68.0 70.2 74.5 58.3 68.8 71.7 74.6

Unemployed

 207 175 56 80 256 204 69 100

Unemployment rate

 4.6 3.9 2.8 3.1 5.5 4.3 3.3 3.4

NATIVE BORN

White non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 5,933 36,398 35,981 56,710 5,679 36,043 35,911 57,202

Civilian labor force

 2,150 18,934 21,395 40,138 2,043 18,819 21,204 40,177

Participation rate

 36.2 52.0 59.5 70.8 36.0 52.2 59.0 70.2

Employed

 2,029 18,344 20,861 39,406 1,923 18,164 20,595 39,390

Employment-population ratio

 34.2 50.4 58.0 69.5 33.9 50.4 57.4 68.9

Unemployed

 121 589 535 732 120 655 609 787

Unemployment rate

 5.6 3.1 2.5 1.8 5.9 3.5 2.9 2.0

Black non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 1,845 7,717 6,837 6,495 1,815 7,707 6,900 6,645

Civilian labor force

 634 4,391 4,503 4,974 599 4,323 4,679 5,079

Participation rate

 34.4 56.9 65.9 76.6 33.0 56.1 67.8 76.4

Employed

 559 4,104 4,295 4,861 531 4,018 4,458 4,930

Employment-population ratio

 30.3 53.2 62.8 74.8 29.3 52.1 64.6 74.2

Unemployed

 75 287 208 113 68 305 221 150

Unemployment rate

 11.9 6.5 4.6 2.3 11.3 7.1 4.7 2.9

Asian non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 151 533 671 2,353 141 544 623 2,405

Civilian labor force

 66 321 458 1,887 62 332 428 1,963

Participation rate

 44.1 60.2 68.2 80.2 44.3 61.1 68.7 81.6

Employed

 66 310 440 1,843 60 324 404 1,907

Employment-population ratio

 43.9 58.3 65.6 78.3 42.3 59.6 64.8 79.3

Unemployed

 0 10 17 45 3 8 24 56

Unemployment rate

 0.3 3.1 3.7 2.4 4.5 2.5 5.6 2.8

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian noninstitutional population

 1,886 5,980 5,335 4,801 1,863 6,079 5,265 5,020

Civilian labor force

 836 4,032 3,981 3,946 870 4,078 3,940 4,081

Participation rate

 44.3 67.4 74.6 82.2 46.7 67.1 74.8 81.3

Employed

 778 3,846 3,833 3,864 806 3,901 3,781 3,982

Employment-population ratio

 41.2 64.3 71.8 80.5 43.3 64.2 71.8 79.3

Unemployed

 58 186 148 82 64 177 159 100

Unemployment rate

 7.0 4.6 3.7 2.1 7.4 4.3 4.0 2.4

Footnotes
(1) Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Data for race/ethnicity groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table of Contents
Last Modified Date: May 20, 2025