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Economic News Release
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Table 3. Employment status of the foreign-born and native-born populations 25 years and over by educational attainment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2022-2023 annual averages

Table 3. Employment status of the foreign-born and native-born populations 25 years and over by educational attainment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2022-2023 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic 2022 2023
Less than
a high
school
diploma		 High school
graduates,
no college(1)		 Some
college or
associate
degree		 Bachelor's
degree and
higher(2)		 Less than
a high
school
diploma		 High school
graduates,
no college(1)		 Some
college or
associate
degree		 Bachelor's
degree and
higher(2)

FOREIGN BORN

White non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 549 1,678 1,375 3,807 564 1,616 1,352 3,822

Civilian labor force

 209 840 803 2,670 241 837 765 2,682

Participation rate

 38.0 50.1 58.4 70.1 42.7 51.8 56.6 70.2

Employed

 197 811 779 2,600 232 811 739 2,608

Employment-population ratio

 35.9 48.3 56.6 68.3 41.1 50.2 54.6 68.2

Unemployed

 11 29 24 70 9 26 26 74

Unemployment rate

 5.5 3.5 3.0 2.6 3.7 3.1 3.5 2.8

Black non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 376 1,055 900 1,503 402 1,167 906 1,654

Civilian labor force

 206 734 674 1,266 207 818 698 1,382

Participation rate

 54.8 69.6 74.9 84.3 51.5 70.1 77.0 83.5

Employed

 192 698 639 1,234 197 779 679 1,343

Employment-population ratio

 51.2 66.1 71.0 82.1 49.1 66.8 74.9 81.2

Unemployed

 13 36 35 33 10 39 19 38

Unemployment rate

 6.5 4.9 5.2 2.6 4.7 4.7 2.7 2.8

Asian non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 901 1,927 1,309 6,445 964 2,038 1,317 6,773

Civilian labor force

 321 1,090 817 4,749 367 1,117 853 5,063

Participation rate

 35.6 56.6 62.4 73.7 38.1 54.8 64.8 74.8

Employed

 312 1,063 799 4,654 353 1,089 831 4,938

Employment-population ratio

 34.6 55.2 61.1 72.2 36.6 53.4 63.1 72.9

Unemployed

 9 27 17 95 14 28 23 125

Unemployment rate

 2.8 2.5 2.1 2.0 3.9 2.5 2.6 2.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian noninstitutional population

 7,197 6,208 2,687 3,290 7,321 6,334 2,751 3,427

Civilian labor force

 4,341 4,377 1,949 2,506 4,527 4,481 1,987 2,635

Participation rate

 60.3 70.5 72.5 76.2 61.8 70.7 72.2 76.9

Employed

 4,155 4,237 1,888 2,441 4,320 4,306 1,931 2,555

Employment-population ratio

 57.7 68.3 70.3 74.2 59.0 68.0 70.2 74.5

Unemployed

 186 140 60 64 207 175 56 80

Unemployment rate

 4.3 3.2 3.1 2.6 4.6 3.9 2.8 3.1

NATIVE BORN

White non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 6,171 36,913 35,927 56,190 5,933 36,398 35,981 56,710

Civilian labor force

 2,172 19,161 21,542 39,816 2,150 18,934 21,395 40,138

Participation rate

 35.2 51.9 60.0 70.9 36.2 52.0 59.5 70.8

Employed

 2,058 18,523 20,971 39,115 2,029 18,344 20,861 39,406

Employment-population ratio

 33.4 50.2 58.4 69.6 34.2 50.4 58.0 69.5

Unemployed

 114 638 571 701 121 589 535 732

Unemployment rate

 5.2 3.3 2.7 1.8 5.6 3.1 2.5 1.8

Black non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 2,054 7,907 6,824 6,122 1,845 7,717 6,837 6,495

Civilian labor force

 650 4,476 4,482 4,667 634 4,391 4,503 4,974

Participation rate

 31.7 56.6 65.7 76.2 34.4 56.9 65.9 76.6

Employed

 576 4,171 4,260 4,529 559 4,104 4,295 4,861

Employment-population ratio

 28.1 52.8 62.4 74.0 30.3 53.2 62.8 74.8

Unemployed

 74 305 222 138 75 287 208 113

Unemployment rate

 11.4 6.8 5.0 3.0 11.9 6.5 4.6 2.3

Asian non-Hispanic or Latino

Civilian noninstitutional population

 149 499 643 2,365 151 533 671 2,353

Civilian labor force

 59 296 450 1,869 66 321 458 1,887

Participation rate

 39.7 59.3 70.0 79.0 44.1 60.2 68.2 80.2

Employed

 58 287 434 1,826 66 310 440 1,843

Employment-population ratio

 38.9 57.6 67.5 77.2 43.9 58.3 65.6 78.3

Unemployed

 1 8 16 44 0 10 17 45

Unemployment rate

 1.9 2.8 3.5 2.3 0.3 3.1 3.7 2.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian noninstitutional population

 1,970 5,876 5,190 4,566 1,886 5,980 5,335 4,801

Civilian labor force

 872 3,951 3,812 3,795 836 4,032 3,981 3,946

Participation rate

 44.3 67.2 73.5 83.1 44.3 67.4 74.6 82.2

Employed

 809 3,779 3,687 3,721 778 3,846 3,833 3,864

Employment-population ratio

 41.0 64.3 71.0 81.5 41.2 64.3 71.8 80.5

Unemployed

 64 172 125 74 58 186 148 82

Unemployment rate

 7.3 4.3 3.3 2.0 7.0 4.6 3.7 2.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Data for race/ethnicity groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table of Contents
Last Modified Date: May 21, 2024