Table 3. Employment status of the foreign-born and native-born populations 25 years and over by educational attainment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2022-2023 annual averages

Table 3. Employment status of the foreign-born and native-born populations 25 years and over by educational attainment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2022-2023 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	2022				2023
Characteristic	Less than a high school diploma	High school graduates, no college(1)	Some college or associate degree	Bachelor's degree and higher(2)	Less than a high school diploma	High school graduates, no college(1)	Some college or associate degree	Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
FOREIGN BORN
White non-Hispanic or Latino
Civilian noninstitutional population	549	1,678	1,375	3,807	564	1,616	1,352	3,822
Civilian labor force	209	840	803	2,670	241	837	765	2,682
Participation rate	38.0	50.1	58.4	70.1	42.7	51.8	56.6	70.2
Employed	197	811	779	2,600	232	811	739	2,608
Employment-population ratio	35.9	48.3	56.6	68.3	41.1	50.2	54.6	68.2
Unemployed	11	29	24	70	9	26	26	74
Unemployment rate	5.5	3.5	3.0	2.6	3.7	3.1	3.5	2.8
Black non-Hispanic or Latino
Civilian noninstitutional population	376	1,055	900	1,503	402	1,167	906	1,654
Civilian labor force	206	734	674	1,266	207	818	698	1,382
Participation rate	54.8	69.6	74.9	84.3	51.5	70.1	77.0	83.5
Employed	192	698	639	1,234	197	779	679	1,343
Employment-population ratio	51.2	66.1	71.0	82.1	49.1	66.8	74.9	81.2
Unemployed	13	36	35	33	10	39	19	38
Unemployment rate	6.5	4.9	5.2	2.6	4.7	4.7	2.7	2.8
Asian non-Hispanic or Latino
Civilian noninstitutional population	901	1,927	1,309	6,445	964	2,038	1,317	6,773
Civilian labor force	321	1,090	817	4,749	367	1,117	853	5,063
Participation rate	35.6	56.6	62.4	73.7	38.1	54.8	64.8	74.8
Employed	312	1,063	799	4,654	353	1,089	831	4,938
Employment-population ratio	34.6	55.2	61.1	72.2	36.6	53.4	63.1	72.9
Unemployed	9	27	17	95	14	28	23	125
Unemployment rate	2.8	2.5	2.1	2.0	3.9	2.5	2.6	2.5
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional population	7,197	6,208	2,687	3,290	7,321	6,334	2,751	3,427
Civilian labor force	4,341	4,377	1,949	2,506	4,527	4,481	1,987	2,635
Participation rate	60.3	70.5	72.5	76.2	61.8	70.7	72.2	76.9
Employed	4,155	4,237	1,888	2,441	4,320	4,306	1,931	2,555
Employment-population ratio	57.7	68.3	70.3	74.2	59.0	68.0	70.2	74.5
Unemployed	186	140	60	64	207	175	56	80
Unemployment rate	4.3	3.2	3.1	2.6	4.6	3.9	2.8	3.1

NATIVE BORN
White non-Hispanic or Latino
Civilian noninstitutional population	6,171	36,913	35,927	56,190	5,933	36,398	35,981	56,710
Civilian labor force	2,172	19,161	21,542	39,816	2,150	18,934	21,395	40,138
Participation rate	35.2	51.9	60.0	70.9	36.2	52.0	59.5	70.8
Employed	2,058	18,523	20,971	39,115	2,029	18,344	20,861	39,406
Employment-population ratio	33.4	50.2	58.4	69.6	34.2	50.4	58.0	69.5
Unemployed	114	638	571	701	121	589	535	732
Unemployment rate	5.2	3.3	2.7	1.8	5.6	3.1	2.5	1.8
Black non-Hispanic or Latino
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,054	7,907	6,824	6,122	1,845	7,717	6,837	6,495
Civilian labor force	650	4,476	4,482	4,667	634	4,391	4,503	4,974
Participation rate	31.7	56.6	65.7	76.2	34.4	56.9	65.9	76.6
Employed	576	4,171	4,260	4,529	559	4,104	4,295	4,861
Employment-population ratio	28.1	52.8	62.4	74.0	30.3	53.2	62.8	74.8
Unemployed	74	305	222	138	75	287	208	113
Unemployment rate	11.4	6.8	5.0	3.0	11.9	6.5	4.6	2.3
Asian non-Hispanic or Latino
Civilian noninstitutional population	149	499	643	2,365	151	533	671	2,353
Civilian labor force	59	296	450	1,869	66	321	458	1,887
Participation rate	39.7	59.3	70.0	79.0	44.1	60.2	68.2	80.2
Employed	58	287	434	1,826	66	310	440	1,843
Employment-population ratio	38.9	57.6	67.5	77.2	43.9	58.3	65.6	78.3
Unemployed	1	8	16	44	0	10	17	45
Unemployment rate	1.9	2.8	3.5	2.3	0.3	3.1	3.7	2.4
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional population	1,970	5,876	5,190	4,566	1,886	5,980	5,335	4,801
Civilian labor force	872	3,951	3,812	3,795	836	4,032	3,981	3,946
Participation rate	44.3	67.2	73.5	83.1	44.3	67.4	74.6	82.2
Employed	809	3,779	3,687	3,721	778	3,846	3,833	3,864
Employment-population ratio	41.0	64.3	71.0	81.5	41.2	64.3	71.8	80.5
Unemployed	64	172	125	74	58	186	148	82
Unemployment rate	7.3	4.3	3.3	2.0	7.0	4.6	3.7	2.1
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Data for race/ethnicity groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

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Last Modified Date: May 21, 2024