State Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, July 24, 2024    USDL-24-1475
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  �  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  �  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  �  PressOffice@bls.gov

				 STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER � MAY 2024

Job openings rates increased in 6 states and decreased in 1 state on the last business day of May, the
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates and total separations rates both increased in 3
states and decreased in 1 state. Nationally, the job openings, hires, and total separations rates showed
little or no change in May.

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and
layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia. Also
included with this release are annual JOLTS state levels and rates for 2023.

Job Openings

In May, job openings rates increased in 6 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 43
states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in job openings rates occurred in Washington
(+1.0 percentage point) and in Indiana and New Jersey (+0.8 point each). The decrease occurred in
Texas (-0.5 point). Over the month, the national job openings rate was little changed. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings increased in 6 states, decreased in 3 states, and was little changed in 41
states and the District of Columbia in May. The largest increases in the job openings level occurred in
California (+90,000) and New York (+45,000), as well as in New Jersey and Washington
(+38,000 each). The decreases occurred in Texas (-76,000), Tennessee (-22,000), and Arizona (-21,000).
Nationally, the number of job openings changed little. (See table 1.)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|                                      Revisions to JOLTS State Estimates                                   |
|                                                                                                           |
|Effective with this release, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) state estimates reflect    |
|annual revisions to JOLTS national estimates, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment           |
|estimates, and the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data. See the box note at the           |
|end of the release for more information. In addition, annual estimates for state data series are published |
|concurrently with the state annual revisions. (See tables 11 through 20)                                   |
|___________________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Hires

In May, hires rates increased in 3 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 46 states and
the District of Columbia. The increases in the hires rate occurred in North Dakota
(+0.8 percentage point), Michigan (+0.7 point), and New York (+0.4 point). The decrease occurred in
Louisiana (-0.8 point). The national hires rate changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

The number of hires increased in 3 states, decreased in 1 state, and was little changed in 46 states and
the District of Columbia in May. The increases in the hires level occurred in New York (+43,000),
Michigan (+32,000), and North Dakota (+4,000). The decrease occurred in Louisiana (-15,000).
Nationally, the number of hires changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

Total Separations

In May, total separations rates increased in 3 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 46
states and the District of Columbia. The increases in total separations rates occurred in Montana
(+1.6 percentage points), Idaho (+1.0 point), and Massachusetts (+0.8 point). The decrease occurred in
Ohio (-0.5 point). Over the month, the national total separations rate was unchanged. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations increased in 3 states, decreased in 1 state, and was little changed in 46
states and the District of Columbia in May. The increases in the total separations level occurred in
Massachusetts (+30,000), as well as in Idaho and Montana (+9,000 each). The decrease occurred in
Ohio (-32,000). Nationally, the number of total separations changed little over the month. (See table 3.)

Quits

In May, quits rates increased in 3 states, decreased in 3 states, and were little changed in 44 states and
the District of Columbia. The increases in quits rates occurred in Idaho (+0.7 percentage point),
Massachusetts (+0.5 point), and California (+0.4 point). The decreases occurred in Colorado
(-0.8 point), Florida (-0.7 point), and Ohio (-0.4 point). Over the month, the national quits rate was
unchanged. (See table 4.)

The number of quits increased in 4 states, decreased in 3 states, and was little changed in 43 states and
the District of Columbia in May. The increases in the quits level occurred in California (+75,000) and
Massachusetts (+19,000), as well as in Idaho and Mississippi (+7,000 each). The decreases occurred in
Florida (-71,000), Ohio (-25,000), and Colorado (-23,000). Nationally, the number of quits was little
changed. (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges

In May, layoffs and discharges rates increased in 4 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed
in 44 states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases occurred in Montana
(+1.7 percentage points), Florida (+0.6 point), and Oklahoma (+0.5 point). The decreases occurred in
Connecticut (-0.5 point) and Arizona (-0.4 point). Over the month, the national layoffs and discharges
rate was unchanged. (See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges increased in 4 states, decreased in 2 states, and was little
changed in 44 states and the District of Columbia in May. The increases in the layoffs and discharges
level occurred in Florida (+51,000), Texas (+34,000), as well as in Montana and Oklahoma
(+9,000 each). The decreases occurred in Arizona (-12,000) and Connecticut (-7,000). Nationally, the
number of layoffs and discharges was little changed. (See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive
charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#.
______________
State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for June 2024 are scheduled to be
released on Friday, August 16, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|                       Annual Revisions to Job Openings and Labor Turnover State Data                        |
|                                                                                                             |
|The JOLTS state data are revised annually to reflect updates to the JOLTS national estimates, the Current    |
|Employment Statistics (CES) employment estimates, and the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages           |
|(QCEW) through fourth quarter 2023. This annual benchmarking process results in revisions to both the        |
|seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS state data series. Seasonally adjusted and not         |
|seasonally adjusted data from January 2019 forward are subject to revision.                                  |
|                                                                                                             |
|Tables displaying revisions to seasonally adjusted JOLTS state data from January 2023 through April 2024     |
|will be available on the JOLTS website later in the day following this release. The website also contains all|
|revised seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data. The revision tables can be accessed through    |
|the JOLTS webpage at www.bls.gov/jlt/jlt-statedata-revisions.htm.                                            |
|_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and
total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian federal, state,
and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for January 2023,
industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.
A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active recruiting
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in newspapers, on
television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting "help wanted" signs, networking, or making "word-
of-mouth" announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; contacting employment agencies;
or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that
quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is
reported by type of separation:  quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers,
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees;
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths.
Other separations comprise less than 8 percent of total separations. Other separations rates are generally very low,
and other separations variance estimates are relatively high. Consequently, the other separations component is not
published for states.

Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and
discharges rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size
class. The JOLTS sample of 21,000 establishments does not directly support the production of sample-based state
estimates. However, state estimates have been produced by combining the available sample with model-based
estimates.

The state estimates consist of four major estimating models; the Composite Regional model (an unpublished
intermediate model), the Synthetic model (an unpublished intermediate model), the Composite Synthetic model
(published historical series through the most current benchmark year), and the Extended Composite Synthetic model
(published current-year monthly series). The Composite Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS regional
published estimates, and Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The Composite Synthetic model
uses JOLTS microdata and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly employment changes in microdata from
the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and JOLTS published regional data. The Extended
Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite Synthetic
model by the ratio of the current Composite Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional model estimate
from the previous year.

The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the Composite Regional model) is used
to extend the Composite Synthetic estimates because all of the inputs required by this model are available at the time
monthly estimate are produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model (and its major component-the
Synthetic model) can only be produced when the latest QCEW data are available. The Extended Composite
Synthetic model estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic model estimates during the annual JOLTS
retabulation process. The extension of the Composite Synthetic model using current data-based Composite Regional
model estimates ensures that the Composite Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic trends.

The Composite Regional approach calculates state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata using sample
weights and the adjustments for non-response. The Composite Regional estimate is then benchmarked to CES state-
supersector employment to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS sample, by itself, cannot ensure a
reasonably sized sample for each state-supersector cell. The small JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector
cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level estimates
derived directly from the JOLTS sample are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when the number of
respondents is low (that is, less than 30). This approach is known as a composite estimate, which leverages the small
JOLTS sample to the greatest extent possible and supplements that with a model-based estimate. Previous research
has found that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can
make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the regional-level using only national industry-level JOLTS rates.
The assumption in this approach is that one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates at the state-level using
only regional industry-level JOLTS rates.)

In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all state-
supersector cells that have 30 or more respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be used, without a sample-
based component, in all state-supersector cells that have fewer than five respondents. In all state-supersector cells
with 5 to 30 respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a composition of a weighted estimate of the microdata-
based estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS data in
those cells is proportional the number of JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n/30, where n is the number of
respondents). The sum of state estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned regional JOLTS published
regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to seasonally adjust
the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant data, up to and
including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used as seasonal
filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models, as well
as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series.

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from three BLS
programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. These state estimates are published as a historical series made up of a
historical annually revised benchmark component of the Composite Synthetic model and a current component of the
Extended Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly "real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels
by 12.

Annual average rates for hires, total separations quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by dividing the
sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published
employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error:  sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. For sampling error
estimates, see www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce
nonsampling error in the survey's design.

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for both sampling error and the error attributable to modeling. A
small area domain model uses a Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS state variance. The small area
model uses QCEW-based JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the
prior distribution using JOLTS microdata and sample-based variance estimates at the state and US Census regional
level to generate a Bayesian posterior distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution has been generated,
estimates of JOLTS state variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from the Bayesian posterior distribution.
This Bayesian approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	May 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	Change from: Apr. 2024 - May 2024(p)	May 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	Change from: Apr. 2024 - May 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	9,311	8,813	8,355	7,919	8,140	221	5.6	5.3	5.0	4.8	4.9	0.1
Alabama	132	122	121	124	124	0	5.8	5.3	5.2	5.3	5.3	0.0
Alaska	24	27	25	24	25	1	6.9	7.5	6.9	6.7	6.9	0.2
Arizona	189	188	147	185	164	-21	5.6	5.5	4.3	5.4	4.8	-0.6
Arkansas	90	81	76	86	84	-2	6.2	5.6	5.3	5.9	5.8	-0.1
California	857	855	711	596	686	90	4.6	4.5	3.8	3.2	3.7	0.5
Colorado	175	204	204	192	178	-14	5.6	6.4	6.4	6.1	5.6	-0.5
Connecticut	84	91	88	90	90	0	4.7	5.1	4.9	5.0	5.0	0.0
Delaware	34	31	29	28	30	2	6.6	6.0	5.6	5.4	5.8	0.4
District of Columbia	42	37	36	37	39	2	5.2	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.8	0.2
Florida	623	515	524	508	501	-7	6.0	5.0	5.0	4.9	4.8	-0.1
Georgia	338	273	256	273	283	10	6.5	5.2	4.9	5.2	5.4	0.2
Hawaii	31	31	27	26	27	1	4.7	4.7	4.1	3.9	4.1	0.2
Idaho	54	49	47	53	48	-5	6.0	5.4	5.2	5.8	5.2	-0.6
Illinois	409	381	380	320	346	26	6.3	5.9	5.8	5.0	5.3	0.3
Indiana	174	197	154	137	165	28	5.1	5.7	4.5	4.0	4.8	0.8
Iowa	96	83	75	67	75	8	5.7	4.9	4.4	4.0	4.4	0.4
Kansas	82	81	81	72	72	0	5.4	5.3	5.3	4.7	4.7	0.0
Kentucky	131	116	122	133	136	3	6.1	5.4	5.7	6.1	6.2	0.1
Louisiana	142	127	117	122	120	-2	6.8	6.1	5.6	5.8	5.8	0.0
Maine	40	38	37	41	40	-1	5.8	5.5	5.3	5.9	5.7	-0.2
Maryland	193	199	187	176	184	8	6.6	6.8	6.4	6.0	6.3	0.3
Massachusetts	250	233	222	207	213	6	6.3	5.9	5.6	5.3	5.4	0.1
Michigan	253	238	242	229	226	-3	5.4	5.1	5.1	4.8	4.8	0.0
Minnesota	213	173	169	145	169	24	6.7	5.4	5.3	4.6	5.3	0.7
Mississippi	85	72	69	69	70	1	6.7	5.7	5.5	5.5	5.5	0.0
Missouri	164	187	158	146	152	6	5.2	5.8	5.0	4.6	4.7	0.1
Montana	38	37	33	33	34	1	6.8	6.6	5.9	5.9	6.0	0.1
Nebraska	63	59	54	46	49	3	5.7	5.3	4.8	4.1	4.4	0.3
Nevada	96	85	77	75	73	-2	5.9	5.1	4.7	4.5	4.4	-0.1
New Hampshire	39	40	40	39	39	0	5.3	5.4	5.4	5.2	5.2	0.0
New Jersey	207	203	255	202	240	38	4.6	4.4	5.5	4.4	5.2	0.8
New Mexico	56	60	57	56	60	4	6.0	6.4	6.1	6.0	6.3	0.3
New York	439	509	514	432	477	45	4.3	4.9	5.0	4.2	4.6	0.4
North Carolina	402	275	256	279	287	8	7.5	5.2	4.9	5.3	5.4	0.1
North Dakota	32	28	25	23	25	2	6.8	6.0	5.4	5.0	5.3	0.3
Ohio	370	289	289	236	256	20	6.2	4.9	4.9	4.0	4.3	0.3
Oklahoma	123	122	110	113	113	0	6.6	6.4	5.8	6.0	6.0	0.0
Oregon	119	108	105	107	100	-7	5.7	5.2	5.0	5.1	4.8	-0.3
Pennsylvania	353	353	310	328	314	-14	5.5	5.4	4.8	5.1	4.8	-0.3
Rhode Island	30	32	30	28	32	4	5.6	5.9	5.5	5.2	5.9	0.7
South Carolina	172	161	159	159	167	8	7.0	6.4	6.3	6.3	6.6	0.3
South Dakota	31	30	26	22	24	2	6.3	6.0	5.2	4.5	4.9	0.4
Tennessee	218	186	177	195	173	-22	6.2	5.3	5.1	5.5	4.9	-0.6
Texas	785	808	775	754	678	-76	5.4	5.4	5.2	5.1	4.6	-0.5
Utah	104	90	90	85	86	1	5.7	4.9	4.9	4.6	4.7	0.1
Vermont	17	17	17	16	17	1	5.2	5.2	5.1	4.8	5.1	0.3
Virginia	283	279	255	253	257	4	6.4	6.2	5.7	5.6	5.7	0.1
Washington	167	178	164	129	167	38	4.4	4.7	4.3	3.4	4.4	1.0
West Virginia	54	43	44	45	49	4	7.1	5.6	5.8	5.9	6.4	0.5
Wisconsin	184	174	173	161	158	-3	5.8	5.4	5.4	5.0	4.9	-0.1
Wyoming	19	18	17	17	17	0	6.1	5.8	5.5	5.5	5.5	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	May 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	Change from: Apr. 2024 - May 2024(p)	May 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	Change from: Apr. 2024 - May 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,171	5,781	5,617	5,615	5,756	141	4.0	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.6	0.1
Alabama	101	90	89	86	89	3	4.7	4.1	4.1	3.9	4.0	0.1
Alaska	19	20	17	17	17	0	5.8	6.0	5.1	5.1	5.1	0.0
Arizona	141	121	109	123	126	3	4.4	3.7	3.4	3.8	3.9	0.1
Arkansas	64	61	58	59	60	1	4.7	4.5	4.2	4.3	4.4	0.1
California	555	524	598	545	517	-28	3.1	2.9	3.3	3.0	2.9	-0.1
Colorado	115	108	110	111	117	6	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.9	0.2
Connecticut	62	61	58	56	57	1	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.3	0.0
Delaware	24	23	21	21	22	1	5.0	4.7	4.3	4.3	4.5	0.2
District of Columbia	25	25	23	23	23	0	3.3	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.0	0.0
Florida	405	431	426	404	392	-12	4.2	4.4	4.3	4.1	3.9	-0.2
Georgia	223	205	189	206	188	-18	4.6	4.2	3.8	4.1	3.8	-0.3
Hawaii	20	21	19	19	20	1	3.2	3.3	3.0	3.0	3.1	0.1
Idaho	40	37	37	43	41	-2	4.7	4.3	4.3	5.0	4.7	-0.3
Illinois	254	184	226	236	244	8	4.2	3.0	3.7	3.8	4.0	0.2
Indiana	153	116	115	129	121	-8	4.7	3.5	3.5	3.9	3.7	-0.2
Iowa	61	52	47	56	55	-1	3.8	3.2	2.9	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Kansas	57	50	54	56	54	-2	4.0	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.7	-0.1
Kentucky	89	86	79	74	83	9	4.4	4.2	3.9	3.6	4.1	0.5
Louisiana	106	94	85	98	83	-15	5.4	4.8	4.3	5.0	4.2	-0.8
Maine	25	28	26	25	26	1	3.9	4.3	4.0	3.8	4.0	0.2
Maryland	120	107	102	108	112	4	4.4	3.9	3.7	3.9	4.1	0.2
Massachusetts	127	110	122	96	100	4	3.4	2.9	3.3	2.6	2.7	0.1
Michigan	170	151	158	152	184	32	3.8	3.4	3.5	3.4	4.1	0.7
Minnesota	123	98	94	102	107	5	4.1	3.3	3.1	3.4	3.5	0.1
Mississippi	54	51	46	51	52	1	4.6	4.3	3.9	4.3	4.4	0.1
Missouri	112	107	104	105	106	1	3.8	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.5	0.1
Montana	27	26	26	26	27	1	5.2	4.9	4.9	4.9	5.1	0.2
Nebraska	42	36	38	37	39	2	4.0	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.6	0.1
Nevada	60	66	64	62	66	4	3.9	4.2	4.1	3.9	4.2	0.3
New Hampshire	29	27	27	25	24	-1	4.2	3.8	3.8	3.5	3.4	-0.1
New Jersey	171	153	183	153	147	-6	4.0	3.5	4.2	3.5	3.3	-0.2
New Mexico	33	30	33	34	35	1	3.8	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.9	0.1
New York	271	250	270	225	268	43	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.3	2.7	0.4
North Carolina	221	231	169	204	200	-4	4.5	4.6	3.4	4.1	4.0	-0.1
North Dakota	22	17	16	17	21	4	5.0	3.9	3.6	3.9	4.7	0.8
Ohio	200	213	197	211	213	2	3.6	3.8	3.5	3.7	3.8	0.1
Oklahoma	82	84	77	85	79	-6	4.7	4.7	4.3	4.8	4.4	-0.4
Oregon	85	73	72	78	75	-3	4.3	3.7	3.6	3.9	3.8	-0.1
Pennsylvania	195	185	171	170	174	4	3.2	3.0	2.8	2.8	2.8	0.0
Rhode Island	22	22	21	18	20	2	4.4	4.3	4.1	3.5	3.9	0.4
South Carolina	118	108	114	117	120	3	5.1	4.6	4.8	4.9	5.1	0.2
South Dakota	21	19	17	18	20	2	4.6	4.1	3.6	3.9	4.3	0.4
Tennessee	148	170	134	152	162	10	4.5	5.1	4.0	4.6	4.9	0.3
Texas	604	596	491	477	527	50	4.4	4.2	3.5	3.4	3.7	0.3
Utah	71	64	65	69	73	4	4.1	3.7	3.7	3.9	4.2	0.3
Vermont	12	12	12	11	11	0	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.5	3.5	0.0
Virginia	178	176	168	166	189	23	4.3	4.2	4.0	3.9	4.5	0.6
Washington	136	119	103	111	121	10	3.8	3.3	2.8	3.0	3.3	0.3
West Virginia	36	35	31	32	31	-1	5.1	4.9	4.3	4.5	4.3	-0.2
Wisconsin	125	95	93	102	103	1	4.2	3.1	3.1	3.4	3.4	0.0
Wyoming	14	13	13	14	14	0	4.8	4.4	4.4	4.8	4.8	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	May 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	Change from: Apr. 2024 - May 2024(p)	May 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	Change from: Apr. 2024 - May 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,846	5,539	5,330	5,337	5,422	85	3.8	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.4	0.0
Alabama	95	79	87	81	83	2	4.4	3.6	4.0	3.7	3.8	0.1
Alaska	17	21	22	20	20	0	5.2	6.3	6.6	6.0	5.9	-0.1
Arizona	120	121	115	142	123	-19	3.8	3.7	3.5	4.4	3.8	-0.6
Arkansas	63	57	51	54	56	2	4.7	4.2	3.7	3.9	4.1	0.2
California	536	496	451	472	541	69	3.0	2.8	2.5	2.6	3.0	0.4
Colorado	101	116	102	143	125	-18	3.4	3.9	3.4	4.8	4.2	-0.6
Connecticut	60	61	61	68	61	-7	3.5	3.6	3.6	4.0	3.6	-0.4
Delaware	22	20	18	19	19	0	4.6	4.1	3.7	3.9	3.9	0.0
District of Columbia	24	21	22	20	21	1	3.1	2.7	2.9	2.6	2.7	0.1
Florida	413	393	391	384	361	-23	4.2	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.6	-0.3
Georgia	233	170	165	166	178	12	4.8	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.6	0.3
Hawaii	19	22	22	20	23	3	3.0	3.5	3.5	3.1	3.6	0.5
Idaho	40	41	38	38	47	9	4.7	4.7	4.4	4.4	5.4	1.0
Illinois	196	185	205	204	216	12	3.2	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.5	0.2
Indiana	132	122	130	116	114	-2	4.1	3.7	4.0	3.5	3.5	0.0
Iowa	57	58	56	58	53	-5	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.3	-0.3
Kansas	51	50	58	58	55	-3	3.5	3.4	4.0	4.0	3.8	-0.2
Kentucky	92	78	72	76	80	4	4.6	3.8	3.5	3.7	3.9	0.2
Louisiana	100	85	75	90	84	-6	5.1	4.3	3.8	4.6	4.3	-0.3
Maine	27	31	29	30	28	-2	4.2	4.7	4.4	4.6	4.3	-0.3
Maryland	114	101	94	95	95	0	4.1	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.4	-0.1
Massachusetts	104	108	101	80	110	30	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.1	2.9	0.8
Michigan	168	138	158	140	134	-6	3.8	3.1	3.5	3.1	3.0	-0.1
Minnesota	106	122	99	91	92	1	3.6	4.1	3.3	3.0	3.1	0.1
Mississippi	63	49	44	46	54	8	5.3	4.1	3.7	3.9	4.5	0.6
Missouri	104	105	104	101	107	6	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.5	0.2
Montana	27	29	29	28	37	9	5.2	5.5	5.5	5.3	6.9	1.6
Nebraska	37	36	37	38	36	-2	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.4	-0.2
Nevada	57	76	61	66	65	-1	3.7	4.8	3.9	4.2	4.1	-0.1
New Hampshire	26	33	27	29	29	0	3.7	4.7	3.8	4.1	4.1	0.0
New Jersey	122	120	145	150	141	-9	2.8	2.7	3.3	3.4	3.2	-0.2
New Mexico	29	34	34	37	33	-4	3.3	3.9	3.8	4.2	3.7	-0.5
New York	287	265	288	251	272	21	3.0	2.7	2.9	2.6	2.8	0.2
North Carolina	215	165	161	166	152	-14	4.4	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.0	-0.3
North Dakota	17	18	20	19	17	-2	3.9	4.1	4.5	4.3	3.8	-0.5
Ohio	214	197	195	211	179	-32	3.8	3.5	3.5	3.7	3.2	-0.5
Oklahoma	77	68	68	63	74	11	4.4	3.8	3.8	3.5	4.2	0.7
Oregon	73	82	73	80	77	-3	3.7	4.2	3.7	4.0	3.9	-0.1
Pennsylvania	185	188	196	190	192	2	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.1	0.0
Rhode Island	19	21	20	23	21	-2	3.8	4.1	3.9	4.5	4.1	-0.4
South Carolina	105	103	82	96	97	1	4.6	4.4	3.5	4.1	4.1	0.0
South Dakota	18	19	19	21	19	-2	3.9	4.1	4.0	4.5	4.1	-0.4
Tennessee	152	141	129	133	139	6	4.6	4.2	3.9	4.0	4.2	0.2
Texas	600	584	470	416	452	36	4.3	4.1	3.3	2.9	3.2	0.3
Utah	71	75	71	70	74	4	4.1	4.3	4.1	4.0	4.2	0.2
Vermont	13	14	13	12	14	2	4.2	4.5	4.1	3.8	4.4	0.6
Virginia	181	152	159	151	168	17	4.3	3.6	3.8	3.6	4.0	0.4
Washington	106	121	109	115	115	0	2.9	3.3	3.0	3.2	3.1	-0.1
West Virginia	34	29	31	32	30	-2	4.8	4.0	4.3	4.5	4.2	-0.3
Wisconsin	111	104	106	110	98	-12	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.2	-0.4
Wyoming	13	16	15	14	15	1	4.5	5.5	5.1	4.8	5.1	0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	May 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	Change from: Apr. 2024 - May 2024(p)	May 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	Change from: Apr. 2024 - May 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,009	3,527	3,409	3,452	3,459	7	2.6	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	0.0
Alabama	70	50	52	55	56	1	3.2	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.5	0.0
Alaska	12	14	14	12	12	0	3.7	4.2	4.2	3.6	3.6	0.0
Arizona	91	79	67	83	80	-3	2.9	2.4	2.1	2.5	2.5	0.0
Arkansas	46	37	34	34	38	4	3.4	2.7	2.5	2.5	2.8	0.3
California	341	326	271	258	333	75	1.9	1.8	1.5	1.4	1.8	0.4
Colorado	71	77	66	95	72	-23	2.4	2.6	2.2	3.2	2.4	-0.8
Connecticut	42	33	34	33	35	2	2.5	1.9	2.0	1.9	2.0	0.1
Delaware	16	13	12	12	12	0	3.3	2.7	2.5	2.4	2.5	0.1
District of Columbia	17	14	14	13	13	0	2.2	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.7	0.0
Florida	296	295	271	290	219	-71	3.0	3.0	2.7	2.9	2.2	-0.7
Georgia	150	111	119	108	125	17	3.1	2.3	2.4	2.2	2.5	0.3
Hawaii	13	14	13	12	14	2	2.1	2.2	2.0	1.9	2.2	0.3
Idaho	28	27	23	23	30	7	3.3	3.1	2.7	2.7	3.4	0.7
Illinois	129	112	129	135	132	-3	2.1	1.8	2.1	2.2	2.1	-0.1
Indiana	90	81	76	80	77	-3	2.8	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Iowa	37	35	35	35	33	-2	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.0	-0.2
Kansas	35	32	36	36	38	2	2.4	2.2	2.5	2.5	2.6	0.1
Kentucky	67	52	48	49	55	6	3.3	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.7	0.3
Louisiana	70	52	50	59	52	-7	3.6	2.7	2.6	3.0	2.7	-0.3
Maine	19	15	18	16	17	1	2.9	2.3	2.7	2.4	2.6	0.2
Maryland	80	62	61	59	63	4	2.9	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.3	0.2
Massachusetts	66	57	61	42	61	19	1.8	1.5	1.6	1.1	1.6	0.5
Michigan	99	88	93	91	85	-6	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.0	1.9	-0.1
Minnesota	72	63	60	65	62	-3	2.4	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.1	0.0
Mississippi	41	32	29	31	38	7	3.5	2.7	2.4	2.6	3.2	0.6
Missouri	75	73	66	73	77	4	2.5	2.4	2.2	2.4	2.5	0.1
Montana	18	19	17	18	19	1	3.5	3.6	3.2	3.4	3.6	0.2
Nebraska	24	23	22	24	23	-1	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.3	2.2	-0.1
Nevada	42	47	36	38	38	0	2.7	3.0	2.3	2.4	2.4	0.0
New Hampshire	16	15	16	15	17	2	2.3	2.1	2.3	2.1	2.4	0.3
New Jersey	79	63	86	83	79	-4	1.8	1.4	2.0	1.9	1.8	-0.1
New Mexico	20	21	20	23	20	-3	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.3	-0.3
New York	183	162	186	174	173	-1	1.9	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.8	0.0
North Carolina	150	105	116	103	99	-4	3.0	2.1	2.3	2.1	2.0	-0.1
North Dakota	12	11	11	13	12	-1	2.8	2.5	2.5	2.9	2.7	-0.2
Ohio	138	120	127	142	117	-25	2.5	2.1	2.3	2.5	2.1	-0.4
Oklahoma	54	47	45	44	46	2	3.1	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.6	0.1
Oregon	52	52	40	49	47	-2	2.6	2.6	2.0	2.5	2.4	-0.1
Pennsylvania	121	114	116	111	120	9	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.9	0.1
Rhode Island	12	11	12	13	12	-1	2.4	2.1	2.3	2.5	2.3	-0.2
South Carolina	75	74	53	66	68	2	3.3	3.1	2.2	2.8	2.9	0.1
South Dakota	11	12	11	15	13	-2	2.4	2.6	2.3	3.2	2.8	-0.4
Tennessee	111	86	90	92	93	1	3.3	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.8	0.0
Texas	450	379	342	312	309	-3	3.2	2.7	2.4	2.2	2.2	0.0
Utah	48	48	43	44	45	1	2.8	2.8	2.5	2.5	2.6	0.1
Vermont	8	7	7	7	8	1	2.6	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.5	0.3
Virginia	132	95	104	96	111	15	3.2	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.6	0.3
Washington	76	77	60	69	70	1	2.1	2.1	1.6	1.9	1.9	0.0
West Virginia	23	18	22	22	20	-2	3.2	2.5	3.1	3.1	2.8	-0.3
Wisconsin	73	67	69	72	62	-10	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.0	-0.4
Wyoming	9	10	9	9	9	0	3.1	3.4	3.1	3.1	3.1	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	May 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	Change from: Apr. 2024 - May 2024(p)	May 2023	Feb. 2024	Mar. 2024	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	Change from: Apr. 2024 - May 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,531	1,681	1,601	1,542	1,654	112	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
Alabama	21	25	27	21	23	2	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.0
Alaska	4	5	7	6	6	0	1.2	1.5	2.1	1.8	1.8	0.0
Arizona	23	36	43	49	37	-12	0.7	1.1	1.3	1.5	1.1	-0.4
Arkansas	15	17	14	16	15	-1	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.2	1.1	-0.1
California	165	140	150	191	177	-14	0.9	0.8	0.8	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Colorado	26	33	30	41	47	6	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.4	1.6	0.2
Connecticut	16	20	21	30	23	-7	0.9	1.2	1.2	1.8	1.3	-0.5
Delaware	5	6	5	5	6	1	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.2
District of Columbia	5	5	6	5	6	1	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.2
Florida	100	89	102	74	125	51	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.7	1.3	0.6
Georgia	72	51	37	48	45	-3	1.5	1.0	0.7	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Hawaii	5	7	8	6	7	1	0.8	1.1	1.3	0.9	1.1	0.2
Idaho	10	11	13	12	15	3	1.2	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.7	0.3
Illinois	60	58	66	61	73	12	1.0	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.2	0.2
Indiana	37	34	48	29	31	2	1.1	1.0	1.5	0.9	0.9	0.0
Iowa	17	18	18	19	15	-4	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2	0.9	-0.3
Kansas	13	14	18	15	13	-2	0.9	1.0	1.2	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Kentucky	20	22	19	21	22	1	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.1
Louisiana	20	28	20	26	27	1	1.0	1.4	1.0	1.3	1.4	0.1
Maine	6	14	9	11	9	-2	0.9	2.1	1.4	1.7	1.4	-0.3
Maryland	29	33	26	29	28	-1	1.1	1.2	0.9	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Massachusetts	27	39	31	30	40	10	0.7	1.0	0.8	0.8	1.1	0.3
Michigan	58	42	58	38	40	2	1.3	0.9	1.3	0.8	0.9	0.1
Minnesota	30	54	32	20	19	-1	1.0	1.8	1.1	0.7	0.6	-0.1
Mississippi	20	14	12	12	14	2	1.7	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.2
Missouri	23	24	32	21	22	1	0.8	0.8	1.1	0.7	0.7	0.0
Montana	8	8	11	8	17	9	1.5	1.5	2.1	1.5	3.2	1.7
Nebraska	11	11	13	10	9	-1	1.1	1.0	1.2	0.9	0.8	-0.1
Nevada	13	25	21	23	23	0	0.8	1.6	1.3	1.5	1.5	0.0
New Hampshire	8	14	9	11	10	-1	1.1	2.0	1.3	1.6	1.4	-0.2
New Jersey	33	46	48	55	50	-5	0.8	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.1	-0.2
New Mexico	6	9	12	10	10	0	0.7	1.0	1.4	1.1	1.1	0.0
New York	90	90	90	64	85	21	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.2
North Carolina	55	51	37	49	44	-5	1.1	1.0	0.7	1.0	0.9	-0.1
North Dakota	4	6	7	5	4	-1	0.9	1.4	1.6	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Ohio	60	63	55	61	49	-12	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Oklahoma	20	18	19	15	24	9	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.8	1.3	0.5
Oregon	18	23	27	24	25	1	0.9	1.2	1.4	1.2	1.3	0.1
Pennsylvania	52	53	66	66	60	-6	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Rhode Island	6	8	7	9	8	-1	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.8	1.6	-0.2
South Carolina	24	25	24	25	26	1	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.0
South Dakota	5	5	7	5	5	0	1.1	1.1	1.5	1.1	1.1	0.0
Tennessee	35	49	32	32	40	8	1.1	1.5	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.2
Texas	125	181	107	87	121	34	0.9	1.3	0.8	0.6	0.9	0.3
Utah	19	22	25	21	26	5	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.5	0.3
Vermont	3	6	4	4	5	1	1.0	1.9	1.3	1.3	1.6	0.3
Virginia	41	49	44	43	49	6	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.2
Washington	23	35	44	35	39	4	0.6	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.1	0.1
West Virginia	8	9	7	8	8	0	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.0
Wisconsin	33	31	31	30	28	-2	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Wyoming	3	5	5	4	5	1	1.0	1.7	1.7	1.4	1.7	0.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	May 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	May 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	9,093	8,453	7,846	5.5	5.1	4.7
Alabama	130	126	119	5.7	5.4	5.1
Alaska	34	23	34	9.3	6.6	9.0
Arizona	166	191	142	5.0	5.5	4.2
Arkansas	90	91	83	6.2	6.2	5.7
California	826	633	646	4.4	3.4	3.5
Colorado	168	201	166	5.4	6.4	5.3
Connecticut	90	95	96	5.0	5.3	5.3
Delaware	34	32	30	6.5	6.1	5.7
District of Columbia	39	37	35	4.8	4.7	4.3
Florida	585	549	463	5.7	5.2	4.5
Georgia	329	293	269	6.3	5.6	5.1
Hawaii	25	21	20	3.7	3.3	3.0
Idaho	51	59	43	5.7	6.4	4.7
Illinois	416	344	350	6.4	5.3	5.4
Indiana	178	160	167	5.2	4.7	4.8
Iowa	95	81	74	5.6	4.8	4.3
Kansas	77	74	67	5.1	4.8	4.3
Kentucky	132	143	138	6.1	6.5	6.3
Louisiana	132	131	109	6.3	6.2	5.3
Maine	43	43	43	6.3	6.2	6.1
Maryland	187	197	177	6.3	6.7	6.0
Massachusetts	250	210	213	6.3	5.3	5.4
Michigan	273	250	239	5.7	5.3	5.0
Minnesota	224	162	175	6.9	5.1	5.5
Mississippi	83	74	68	6.6	5.8	5.4
Missouri	153	164	139	4.9	5.1	4.3
Montana	40	34	35	7.1	6.0	6.1
Nebraska	61	49	47	5.5	4.4	4.2
Nevada	92	74	69	5.6	4.5	4.1
New Hampshire	39	39	38	5.3	5.3	5.1
New Jersey	194	199	230	4.3	4.4	5.0
New Mexico	47	58	49	5.1	6.2	5.2
New York	421	435	458	4.1	4.2	4.4
North Carolina	409	293	292	7.6	5.5	5.5
North Dakota	35	24	28	7.3	5.1	5.8
Ohio	365	262	250	6.1	4.5	4.2
Oklahoma	113	120	102	6.1	6.3	5.4
Oregon	102	106	83	4.9	5.1	4.0
Pennsylvania	350	326	308	5.4	5.0	4.7
Rhode Island	31	30	33	5.7	5.5	6.0
South Carolina	169	176	162	6.8	6.9	6.4
South Dakota	36	23	29	7.3	4.7	5.7
Tennessee	215	212	167	6.1	6.0	4.8
Texas	762	822	647	5.2	5.5	4.4
Utah	99	94	80	5.5	5.1	4.4
Vermont	17	15	16	5.2	4.7	5.0
Virginia	285	273	255	6.4	6.0	5.7
Washington	151	155	150	4.0	4.1	3.9
West Virginia	54	50	48	7.0	6.5	6.1
Wisconsin	173	183	146	5.4	5.7	4.6
Wyoming	24	16	20	7.5	5.2	6.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	May 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	May 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	6,825	5,876	6,426	4.4	3.7	4.0
Alabama	113	86	99	5.2	3.9	4.5
Alaska	33	16	30	9.9	4.9	8.8
Arizona	136	137	123	4.3	4.2	3.8
Arkansas	69	58	65	5.1	4.2	4.7
California	546	566	507	3.1	3.1	2.8
Colorado	137	129	140	4.7	4.4	4.7
Connecticut	73	64	67	4.3	3.8	3.9
Delaware	28	24	25	5.8	5.0	5.2
District of Columbia	24	22	22	3.2	2.9	2.9
Florida	416	396	403	4.3	4.0	4.1
Georgia	247	210	209	5.0	4.2	4.2
Hawaii	20	17	20	3.1	2.7	3.1
Idaho	47	49	49	5.5	5.6	5.6
Illinois	282	234	279	4.6	3.8	4.5
Indiana	167	137	139	5.1	4.2	4.2
Iowa	74	62	67	4.6	3.9	4.1
Kansas	63	55	61	4.3	3.8	4.2
Kentucky	95	74	88	4.7	3.6	4.3
Louisiana	114	96	88	5.8	4.9	4.5
Maine	36	30	36	5.5	4.6	5.5
Maryland	127	115	118	4.6	4.2	4.3
Massachusetts	155	101	121	4.2	2.7	3.2
Michigan	207	160	225	4.6	3.6	5.0
Minnesota	160	106	143	5.3	3.5	4.7
Mississippi	57	49	54	4.8	4.1	4.5
Missouri	114	105	111	3.8	3.4	3.6
Montana	35	28	36	6.8	5.3	6.8
Nebraska	46	37	44	4.4	3.4	4.1
Nevada	70	60	77	4.6	3.8	4.8
New Hampshire	34	28	29	4.9	3.9	4.0
New Jersey	188	164	163	4.3	3.8	3.7
New Mexico	33	37	35	3.8	4.1	4.0
New York	311	246	309	3.2	2.5	3.1
North Carolina	263	221	239	5.3	4.4	4.8
North Dakota	29	16	28	6.6	3.6	6.2
Ohio	243	226	261	4.3	4.0	4.6
Oklahoma	83	89	79	4.7	5.0	4.4
Oregon	89	79	79	4.5	4.0	4.0
Pennsylvania	222	198	197	3.6	3.2	3.2
Rhode Island	26	21	24	5.1	4.2	4.7
South Carolina	136	126	139	5.9	5.3	5.8
South Dakota	31	17	30	6.6	3.7	6.3
Tennessee	167	159	184	5.0	4.8	5.5
Texas	648	496	572	4.7	3.5	4.0
Utah	83	74	87	4.8	4.2	4.9
Vermont	14	11	13	4.6	3.5	4.2
Virginia	196	169	208	4.7	4.0	4.9
Washington	139	117	126	3.8	3.2	3.4
West Virginia	41	33	35	5.7	4.5	4.8
Wisconsin	139	112	120	4.6	3.7	3.9
Wyoming	21	14	22	7.2	4.8	7.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	May 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	May 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	5,761	5,314	5,411	3.7	3.4	3.4
Alabama	100	86	87	4.6	3.9	3.9
Alaska	16	17	19	4.9	5.1	5.4
Arizona	124	165	136	3.9	5.0	4.2
Arkansas	65	54	57	4.8	3.9	4.1
California	520	457	548	2.9	2.5	3.0
Colorado	94	171	119	3.2	5.8	4.0
Connecticut	53	70	55	3.1	4.2	3.2
Delaware	20	19	17	4.1	3.8	3.5
District of Columbia	24	19	20	3.1	2.5	2.6
Florida	454	389	401	4.7	3.9	4.0
Georgia	244	175	187	5.0	3.5	3.8
Hawaii	18	20	22	2.9	3.1	3.5
Idaho	36	39	46	4.3	4.5	5.2
Illinois	187	188	205	3.0	3.1	3.3
Indiana	134	120	117	4.1	3.7	3.5
Iowa	58	52	55	3.6	3.2	3.4
Kansas	55	56	60	3.8	3.8	4.1
Kentucky	92	74	82	4.6	3.6	4.0
Louisiana	103	94	87	5.2	4.8	4.4
Maine	24	29	25	3.7	4.6	3.8
Maryland	100	89	83	3.6	3.3	3.0
Massachusetts	94	74	103	2.5	2.0	2.7
Michigan	169	134	137	3.8	3.0	3.0
Minnesota	103	89	89	3.4	3.0	2.9
Mississippi	64	44	56	5.5	3.7	4.7
Missouri	104	91	108	3.5	3.0	3.5
Montana	26	26	35	4.9	4.9	6.5
Nebraska	39	33	38	3.7	3.1	3.5
Nevada	54	67	64	3.5	4.2	4.0
New Hampshire	25	28	29	3.6	4.0	4.1
New Jersey	97	141	114	2.2	3.2	2.6
New Mexico	25	37	30	2.9	4.2	3.4
New York	259	246	256	2.7	2.5	2.6
North Carolina	221	167	156	4.5	3.3	3.1
North Dakota	19	17	19	4.3	4.0	4.2
Ohio	212	197	176	3.8	3.5	3.1
Oklahoma	81	62	77	4.6	3.5	4.3
Oregon	65	81	72	3.3	4.1	3.6
Pennsylvania	167	190	179	2.7	3.1	2.9
Rhode Island	17	22	20	3.4	4.4	3.8
South Carolina	104	102	98	4.5	4.3	4.1
South Dakota	18	19	20	3.9	4.1	4.3
Tennessee	158	135	146	4.8	4.0	4.4
Texas	605	420	450	4.4	3.0	3.2
Utah	67	76	75	3.9	4.3	4.2
Vermont	17	14	18	5.4	4.6	5.9
Virginia	185	142	172	4.4	3.4	4.0
Washington	91	118	102	2.5	3.3	2.8
West Virginia	33	33	29	4.6	4.6	4.0
Wisconsin	111	112	100	3.7	3.7	3.3
Wyoming	12	14	14	4.0	4.8	4.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	May 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	May 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	4,095	3,575	3,583	2.6	2.3	2.3
Alabama	74	59	58	3.4	2.7	2.6
Alaska	11	10	12	3.4	3.0	3.4
Arizona	94	97	86	3.0	3.0	2.6
Arkansas	47	36	39	3.5	2.6	2.8
California	353	267	356	2.0	1.5	2.0
Colorado	70	105	73	2.4	3.6	2.4
Connecticut	40	37	35	2.4	2.2	2.0
Delaware	14	12	11	2.9	2.5	2.3
District of Columbia	17	12	13	2.2	1.6	1.7
Florida	319	311	239	3.3	3.1	2.4
Georgia	160	117	131	3.3	2.4	2.6
Hawaii	14	12	14	2.1	1.9	2.3
Idaho	27	23	30	3.2	2.7	3.4
Illinois	123	126	128	2.0	2.1	2.1
Indiana	96	88	84	3.0	2.7	2.6
Iowa	42	33	38	2.6	2.1	2.4
Kansas	40	37	44	2.7	2.5	3.0
Kentucky	69	50	57	3.4	2.5	2.8
Louisiana	73	62	54	3.7	3.1	2.7
Maine	18	17	17	2.8	2.6	2.6
Maryland	72	59	57	2.6	2.2	2.1
Massachusetts	62	42	61	1.7	1.1	1.6
Michigan	108	95	94	2.4	2.1	2.1
Minnesota	73	65	64	2.4	2.2	2.1
Mississippi	43	31	39	3.6	2.6	3.3
Missouri	76	66	79	2.5	2.2	2.6
Montana	20	16	21	3.8	3.0	3.9
Nebraska	27	23	26	2.5	2.1	2.4
Nevada	41	39	38	2.7	2.4	2.4
New Hampshire	18	16	20	2.6	2.2	2.8
New Jersey	69	90	72	1.6	2.1	1.6
New Mexico	19	23	19	2.1	2.6	2.1
New York	182	176	180	1.9	1.8	1.8
North Carolina	154	113	101	3.1	2.3	2.0
North Dakota	14	12	14	3.2	2.7	3.1
Ohio	146	143	126	2.6	2.5	2.2
Oklahoma	57	43	49	3.3	2.4	2.7
Oregon	48	49	45	2.4	2.5	2.3
Pennsylvania	115	118	117	1.9	1.9	1.9
Rhode Island	12	12	13	2.5	2.4	2.5
South Carolina	76	71	68	3.3	3.0	2.9
South Dakota	13	14	15	2.8	3.1	3.1
Tennessee	118	94	100	3.5	2.8	3.0
Texas	460	323	312	3.3	2.3	2.2
Utah	48	46	47	2.8	2.6	2.7
Vermont	13	9	13	4.1	2.8	4.1
Virginia	136	96	113	3.3	2.3	2.7
Washington	66	68	63	1.8	1.9	1.7
West Virginia	24	24	20	3.4	3.4	2.8
Wisconsin	79	77	69	2.6	2.6	2.3
Wyoming	9	9	9	3.0	3.0	3.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	May 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)	May 2023	Apr. 2024	May 2024(p)
TOTAL U.S.	1,380	1,415	1,547	0.9	0.9	1.0
Alabama	22	21	25	1.0	0.9	1.1
Alaska	3	5	6	1.0	1.6	1.6
Arizona	26	59	45	0.8	1.8	1.4
Arkansas	15	15	16	1.1	1.1	1.2
California	139	168	166	0.8	0.9	0.9
Colorado	21	57	41	0.7	1.9	1.4
Connecticut	10	30	17	0.6	1.7	1.0
Delaware	5	5	5	1.0	1.0	1.1
District of Columbia	5	4	6	0.7	0.6	0.8
Florida	121	60	148	1.2	0.6	1.5
Georgia	74	46	48	1.5	0.9	1.0
Hawaii	4	6	6	0.6	1.0	1.0
Idaho	8	12	14	0.9	1.4	1.6
Illinois	58	54	69	1.0	0.9	1.1
Indiana	33	26	26	1.0	0.8	0.8
Iowa	14	15	11	0.9	0.9	0.7
Kansas	12	12	12	0.8	0.8	0.8
Kentucky	20	19	22	1.0	0.9	1.1
Louisiana	21	27	29	1.1	1.4	1.5
Maine	4	11	7	0.6	1.7	1.0
Maryland	23	23	22	0.8	0.8	0.8
Massachusetts	21	25	36	0.6	0.7	0.9
Michigan	49	29	33	1.1	0.6	0.7
Minnesota	26	18	16	0.9	0.6	0.5
Mississippi	19	11	14	1.6	0.9	1.2
Missouri	22	19	20	0.7	0.6	0.7
Montana	5	7	13	1.0	1.4	2.3
Nebraska	10	8	8	0.9	0.7	0.7
Nevada	11	22	22	0.7	1.4	1.4
New Hampshire	5	11	8	0.8	1.5	1.1
New Jersey	20	41	35	0.5	0.9	0.8
New Mexico	5	10	9	0.6	1.2	1.1
New York	63	58	66	0.6	0.6	0.7
North Carolina	59	41	47	1.2	0.8	0.9
North Dakota	4	4	4	0.9	0.9	0.8
Ohio	46	47	32	0.8	0.8	0.6
Oklahoma	21	14	26	1.2	0.8	1.5
Oregon	14	24	23	0.7	1.2	1.2
Pennsylvania	39	63	52	0.6	1.0	0.8
Rhode Island	4	9	6	0.7	1.7	1.1
South Carolina	25	25	27	1.1	1.0	1.1
South Dakota	4	3	4	0.9	0.7	0.8
Tennessee	35	29	40	1.0	0.9	1.2
Texas	118	86	117	0.8	0.6	0.8
Utah	16	24	25	0.9	1.4	1.4
Vermont	3	5	5	1.1	1.5	1.6
Virginia	42	34	52	1.0	0.8	1.2
Washington	19	38	34	0.5	1.0	0.9
West Virginia	7	7	7	1.0	0.9	1.0
Wisconsin	27	25	23	0.9	0.8	0.7
Wyoming	2	4	4	0.8	1.4	1.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Annual average job openings levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

State	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
TOTAL U.S.	7,157	6,361	9,985	11,181	9,352
Alabama	96	96	141	155	136
Alaska	23	18	28	31	27
Arizona	159	148	207	239	199
Arkansas	62	57	85	100	88
California	767	671	1,037	1,246	887
Colorado	147	110	197	227	224
Connecticut	65	59	96	121	92
Delaware	23	21	32	37	31
District of Columbia	31	29	43	45	40
Florida	419	379	603	676	603
Georgia	233	232	381	420	349
Hawaii	31	25	38	40	33
Idaho	40	37	57	65	57
Illinois	276	236	373	438	386
Indiana	157	139	216	219	170
Iowa	75	65	100	115	89
Kansas	72	62	86	101	82
Kentucky	90	94	147	161	126
Louisiana	92	90	131	154	139
Maine	31	27	43	47	44
Maryland	140	139	201	212	188
Massachusetts	169	144	245	284	250
Michigan	218	193	336	322	256
Minnesota	140	113	179	221	194
Mississippi	53	55	81	89	83
Missouri	148	119	185	210	175
Montana	27	24	39	45	37
Nebraska	50	45	63	71	61
Nevada	67	65	108	106	96
New Hampshire	32	31	51	54	43
New Jersey	183	185	278	267	227
New Mexico	46	39	63	68	59
New York	389	338	548	555	450
North Carolina	282	216	338	380	334
North Dakota	26	19	28	31	29
Ohio	275	237	353	404	341
Oklahoma	81	81	114	127	119
Oregon	102	93	138	145	121
Pennsylvania	275	250	407	447	376
Rhode Island	24	21	35	38	31
South Carolina	113	110	169	180	172
South Dakota	22	19	30	31	28
Tennessee	141	144	224	263	223
Texas	575	484	856	988	805
Utah	80	70	105	120	106
Vermont	16	13	22	24	18
Virginia	220	198	279	324	283
Washington	163	134	203	232	174
West Virginia	40	43	54	62	55
Wisconsin	154	131	189	225	198
Wyoming	17	14	21	23	19
Footnotes (1) The annual average job openings level is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels divided by 12.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 12. Annual average job openings rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

State	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
TOTAL U.S.	4.5	4.3	6.4	6.8	5.7
Alabama	4.4	4.6	6.5	6.8	5.9
Alaska	6.5	5.7	8.3	8.9	7.5
Arizona	5.1	4.9	6.5	7.1	5.9
Arkansas	4.6	4.3	6.2	7.0	6.1
California	4.2	4.0	5.8	6.6	4.7
Colorado	5.0	4.0	6.7	7.3	7.1
Connecticut	3.7	3.6	5.6	6.8	5.2
Delaware	4.6	4.6	6.5	7.3	6.0
District of Columbia	3.8	3.8	5.5	5.6	5.0
Florida	4.5	4.3	6.3	6.7	5.8
Georgia	4.8	5.0	7.7	8.0	6.6
Hawaii	4.5	4.3	6.1	6.0	4.9
Idaho	5.0	4.7	6.7	7.3	6.3
Illinois	4.3	4.0	6.0	6.8	5.9
Indiana	4.7	4.4	6.6	6.4	5.0
Iowa	4.5	4.1	6.1	6.8	5.3
Kansas	4.8	4.4	5.9	6.6	5.4
Kentucky	4.4	4.9	7.2	7.6	5.9
Louisiana	4.4	4.6	6.5	7.4	6.6
Maine	4.7	4.3	6.5	6.8	6.3
Maryland	4.8	5.1	7.0	7.2	6.4
Massachusetts	4.4	4.1	6.5	7.2	6.3
Michigan	4.7	4.6	7.4	6.9	5.4
Minnesota	4.5	3.9	5.9	7.0	6.1
Mississippi	4.3	4.7	6.6	7.1	6.6
Missouri	4.8	4.1	6.1	6.7	5.5
Montana	5.3	4.9	7.3	8.2	6.7
Nebraska	4.6	4.4	5.9	6.5	5.5
Nevada	4.5	4.8	7.3	6.6	5.9
New Hampshire	4.4	4.6	7.2	7.2	5.8
New Jersey	4.2	4.6	6.5	5.9	5.0
New Mexico	5.1	4.7	7.2	7.4	6.4
New York	3.8	3.7	5.7	5.5	4.4
North Carolina	5.8	4.7	6.8	7.3	6.3
North Dakota	5.6	4.4	6.3	6.7	6.2
Ohio	4.7	4.3	6.2	6.8	5.7
Oklahoma	4.6	4.8	6.5	6.9	6.4
Oregon	5.0	4.8	6.8	6.9	5.7
Pennsylvania	4.3	4.3	6.6	7.0	5.8
Rhode Island	4.6	4.3	6.8	7.1	5.8
South Carolina	4.9	5.0	7.3	7.4	7.0
South Dakota	4.8	4.3	6.3	6.5	5.8
Tennessee	4.3	4.6	6.7	7.5	6.3
Texas	4.3	3.8	6.3	6.8	5.5
Utah	4.9	4.4	6.1	6.7	5.8
Vermont	4.8	4.4	7.0	7.2	5.6
Virginia	5.1	4.9	6.6	7.4	6.4
Washington	4.5	3.9	5.7	6.2	4.6
West Virginia	5.3	6.1	7.4	8.2	7.2
Wisconsin	4.9	4.4	6.1	7.0	6.2
Wyoming	5.6	4.7	7.1	7.6	6.2
Footnotes (1) The annual average job openings rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels and the sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 13. Annual hires levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

State	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
TOTAL U.S.	69,959	72,555	76,170	76,816	71,024
Alabama	954	1,005	1,163	1,241	1,128
Alaska	235	212	229	246	227
Arizona	1,496	1,510	1,585	1,810	1,614
Arkansas	676	667	751	776	720
California	7,011	7,953	7,963	7,601	6,714
Colorado	1,381	1,466	1,546	1,549	1,386
Connecticut	683	767	724	739	717
Delaware	256	249	268	300	270
District of Columbia	288	240	277	281	286
Florida	4,243	4,271	4,845	4,938	4,822
Georgia	2,243	2,386	2,918	3,187	2,709
Hawaii	282	299	301	281	247
Idaho	431	493	484	517	476
Illinois	2,554	2,790	3,164	3,051	2,746
Indiana	1,720	1,670	1,725	1,688	1,557
Iowa	680	716	761	744	680
Kansas	650	588	686	673	624
Kentucky	987	1,123	1,211	1,178	1,065
Louisiana	1,069	978	1,135	1,151	1,194
Maine	303	303	311	316	316
Maryland	1,268	1,178	1,139	1,392	1,383
Massachusetts	1,491	1,499	1,555	1,555	1,447
Michigan	2,010	2,415	2,479	2,104	1,909
Minnesota	1,178	1,166	1,220	1,302	1,319
Mississippi	579	635	668	688	632
Missouri	1,332	1,430	1,400	1,320	1,227
Montana	284	312	333	351	309
Nebraska	471	475	492	474	472
Nevada	702	945	956	881	746
New Hampshire	318	320	348	357	345
New Jersey	1,642	2,180	1,936	1,912	1,902
New Mexico	441	399	479	452	396
New York	3,567	3,646	3,684	3,672	3,433
North Carolina	2,820	2,669	2,828	2,830	2,383
North Dakota	240	227	237	226	222
Ohio	2,525	2,789	2,645	2,669	2,429
Oklahoma	877	867	937	1,045	1,004
Oregon	1,007	1,002	1,034	1,054	934
Pennsylvania	2,460	2,502	2,540	2,366	2,240
Rhode Island	238	265	267	258	252
South Carolina	1,204	1,239	1,245	1,326	1,316
South Dakota	206	206	228	232	230
Tennessee	1,662	1,749	1,778	1,966	1,697
Texas	6,841	6,409	7,217	7,403	7,081
Utah	852	838	854	916	822
Vermont	161	155	155	153	145
Virginia	1,927	1,920	1,975	2,058	2,068
Washington	1,636	1,553	1,579	1,629	1,342
West Virginia	379	386	393	427	404
Wisconsin	1,326	1,317	1,334	1,331	1,280
Wyoming	179	163	178	185	162
Footnotes (1) The annual hires level is the sum of the 12 monthly hires levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 14. Annual average hires rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

State	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
TOTAL U.S.	3.9	4.3	4.3	4.2	3.8
Alabama	3.8	4.2	4.7	4.9	4.3
Alaska	5.9	5.8	6.1	6.4	5.8
Arizona	4.2	4.4	4.4	4.8	4.2
Arkansas	4.4	4.5	4.9	4.9	4.4
California	3.4	4.1	4.0	3.6	3.1
Colorado	4.1	4.6	4.7	4.5	3.9
Connecticut	3.4	4.1	3.7	3.7	3.5
Delaware	4.6	4.7	4.9	5.3	4.7
District of Columbia	3.0	2.7	3.1	3.1	3.1
Florida	3.9	4.2	4.5	4.4	4.1
Georgia	4.0	4.5	5.3	5.5	4.6
Hawaii	3.6	4.4	4.3	3.8	3.3
Idaho	4.7	5.4	5.1	5.2	4.7
Illinois	3.5	4.1	4.5	4.2	3.7
Indiana	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.4	4.0
Iowa	3.6	4.0	4.1	3.9	3.6
Kansas	3.8	3.6	4.1	4.0	3.6
Kentucky	4.2	5.1	5.3	5.0	4.4
Louisiana	4.5	4.4	5.0	5.0	5.1
Maine	4.0	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1
Maryland	3.8	3.8	3.6	4.3	4.2
Massachusetts	3.3	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.2
Michigan	3.8	5.0	4.9	4.0	3.6
Minnesota	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.7
Mississippi	4.2	4.8	4.9	4.9	4.5
Missouri	3.8	4.3	4.1	3.8	3.4
Montana	4.9	5.5	5.6	5.7	5.0
Nebraska	3.8	4.0	4.1	3.8	3.7
Nevada	4.1	6.1	5.8	4.9	4.0
New Hampshire	3.9	4.2	4.4	4.3	4.1
New Jersey	3.3	4.7	4.0	3.8	3.7
New Mexico	4.3	4.2	4.9	4.4	3.8
New York	3.0	3.4	3.4	3.2	2.9
North Carolina	5.1	5.0	5.1	4.9	4.0
North Dakota	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.4	4.2
Ohio	3.8	4.4	4.1	4.0	3.6
Oklahoma	4.3	4.4	4.7	5.1	4.8
Oregon	4.3	4.6	4.6	4.5	3.9
Pennsylvania	3.4	3.7	3.7	3.3	3.1
Rhode Island	3.9	4.8	4.6	4.3	4.2
South Carolina	4.6	5.0	4.8	4.9	4.8
South Dakota	3.9	4.0	4.3	4.3	4.1
Tennessee	4.4	4.8	4.8	5.0	4.3
Texas	4.4	4.4	4.7	4.6	4.2
Utah	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.5	4.0
Vermont	4.2	4.5	4.4	4.2	3.9
Virginia	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.1
Washington	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.1
West Virginia	4.4	4.8	4.8	5.1	4.7
Wisconsin	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.5
Wyoming	5.1	5.0	5.3	5.4	4.6
Footnotes (1) The annual average hires rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly hires levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 15. Annual total separations levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

State	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
TOTAL U.S.	68,039	80,898	68,886	72,231	68,062
Alabama	947	1,018	1,105	1,152	1,050
Alaska	250	225	227	250	222
Arizona	1,422	1,536	1,465	1,698	1,588
Arkansas	644	693	688	712	675
California	7,413	8,941	7,117	7,509	6,690
Colorado	1,374	1,764	1,485	1,517	1,260
Connecticut	620	855	616	674	651
Delaware	248	268	251	274	256
District of Columbia	269	306	244	300	282
Florida	4,056	4,893	4,402	4,955	4,777
Georgia	2,216	2,692	2,863	3,119	2,468
Hawaii	297	369	258	253	247
Idaho	411	454	450	485	463
Illinois	2,356	3,347	2,779	2,727	2,485
Indiana	1,710	1,858	1,613	1,591	1,540
Iowa	673	780	711	717	685
Kansas	628	689	623	628	620
Kentucky	927	1,179	1,119	1,077	991
Louisiana	1,084	1,135	1,038	1,080	1,106
Maine	279	325	292	288	301
Maryland	1,246	1,298	1,038	1,342	1,261
Massachusetts	1,305	1,747	1,375	1,324	1,130
Michigan	1,993	2,707	2,158	1,865	1,840
Minnesota	1,110	1,410	1,107	1,234	1,256
Mississippi	589	679	677	690	628
Missouri	1,305	1,627	1,350	1,335	1,218
Montana	303	307	312	338	310
Nebraska	451	521	458	441	454
Nevada	697	1,200	768	784	725
New Hampshire	289	345	325	348	310
New Jersey	1,727	2,452	1,663	1,829	1,705
New Mexico	432	468	402	420	375
New York	3,421	4,307	3,181	3,336	3,384
North Carolina	2,658	2,688	2,615	2,556	2,390
North Dakota	233	284	210	218	216
Ohio	2,501	3,057	2,417	2,517	2,474
Oklahoma	895	942	867	899	901
Oregon	1,046	1,170	942	955	893
Pennsylvania	2,377	3,015	2,264	2,265	2,219
Rhode Island	225	284	225	238	228
South Carolina	1,208	1,240	1,148	1,220	1,199
South Dakota	203	230	202	209	217
Tennessee	1,446	1,821	1,729	1,890	1,630
Texas	6,394	7,028	6,364	6,692	6,674
Utah	871	815	795	841	817
Vermont	149	178	148	147	136
Virginia	1,812	1,944	1,734	1,891	1,953
Washington	1,503	1,725	1,293	1,528	1,353
West Virginia	388	419	377	407	388
Wisconsin	1,251	1,473	1,235	1,289	1,254
Wyoming	189	181	173	184	162
Footnotes (1) The annual total separations level is the sum of the 12 monthly total separations levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 16. Annual average total separations rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

State	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
TOTAL U.S.	3.8	4.7	3.9	3.9	3.6
Alabama	3.8	4.3	4.5	4.5	4.0
Alaska	6.3	6.2	6.1	6.5	5.6
Arizona	4.0	4.5	4.1	4.5	4.1
Arkansas	4.2	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.2
California	3.5	4.6	3.5	3.5	3.1
Colorado	4.1	5.5	4.5	4.4	3.6
Connecticut	3.0	4.5	3.2	3.4	3.2
Delaware	4.4	5.1	4.6	4.8	4.4
District of Columbia	2.8	3.4	2.8	3.3	3.1
Florida	3.8	4.8	4.1	4.4	4.1
Georgia	4.0	5.1	5.2	5.4	4.2
Hawaii	3.8	5.5	3.7	3.4	3.3
Idaho	4.5	5.0	4.7	4.9	4.6
Illinois	3.2	4.9	4.0	3.8	3.4
Indiana	4.5	5.2	4.4	4.2	4.0
Iowa	3.5	4.3	3.8	3.8	3.6
Kansas	3.7	4.2	3.8	3.7	3.6
Kentucky	4.0	5.3	4.9	4.6	4.1
Louisiana	4.5	5.1	4.6	4.7	4.7
Maine	3.7	4.5	3.9	3.8	3.9
Maryland	3.7	4.2	3.3	4.1	3.8
Massachusetts	2.9	4.3	3.2	3.0	2.5
Michigan	3.7	5.6	4.3	3.6	3.4
Minnesota	3.1	4.2	3.2	3.5	3.5
Mississippi	4.2	5.1	5.0	4.9	4.4
Missouri	3.7	4.9	4.0	3.8	3.4
Montana	5.2	5.4	5.3	5.5	5.0
Nebraska	3.7	4.4	3.8	3.6	3.6
Nevada	4.1	7.8	4.7	4.4	3.9
New Hampshire	3.5	4.5	4.1	4.2	3.7
New Jersey	3.4	5.3	3.4	3.6	3.3
New Mexico	4.2	4.9	4.1	4.1	3.6
New York	2.9	4.1	2.9	2.9	2.9
North Carolina	4.8	5.1	4.7	4.4	4.0
North Dakota	4.4	5.7	4.2	4.2	4.1
Ohio	3.7	4.8	3.7	3.8	3.7
Oklahoma	4.4	4.8	4.4	4.4	4.3
Oregon	4.5	5.3	4.2	4.1	3.8
Pennsylvania	3.3	4.5	3.3	3.2	3.0
Rhode Island	3.7	5.1	3.9	4.0	3.8
South Carolina	4.6	5.0	4.4	4.5	4.3
South Dakota	3.8	4.5	3.8	3.8	3.9
Tennessee	3.9	5.0	4.6	4.8	4.1
Texas	4.2	4.8	4.2	4.1	4.0
Utah	4.7	4.4	4.1	4.2	4.0
Vermont	3.9	5.2	4.2	4.0	3.7
Virginia	3.7	4.2	3.7	3.9	3.9
Washington	3.6	4.4	3.2	3.6	3.1
West Virginia	4.5	5.2	4.6	4.9	4.5
Wisconsin	3.5	4.3	3.6	3.6	3.5
Wyoming	5.4	5.5	5.2	5.4	4.6
Footnotes (1) The annual average total separations rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly total separations levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 17. Annual quits levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

State	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
TOTAL U.S.	42,159	35,941	47,566	50,507	44,379
Alabama	603	571	766	829	716
Alaska	154	101	159	164	144
Arizona	975	788	1,110	1,277	1,074
Arkansas	421	378	490	510	463
California	4,370	3,461	4,744	5,124	4,031
Colorado	893	722	1,020	1,001	836
Connecticut	335	300	400	446	404
Delaware	155	137	176	197	170
District of Columbia	162	149	153	199	184
Florida	2,628	2,471	3,201	3,617	3,317
Georgia	1,449	1,419	2,024	2,228	1,748
Hawaii	195	158	180	179	166
Idaho	273	218	330	340	317
Illinois	1,523	1,479	1,851	1,775	1,580
Indiana	1,039	851	1,159	1,150	1,013
Iowa	415	363	492	507	440
Kansas	411	324	443	447	406
Kentucky	588	595	783	786	700
Louisiana	702	569	745	768	748
Maine	153	129	195	195	182
Maryland	770	593	694	897	829
Massachusetts	746	592	883	909	676
Michigan	1,286	1,142	1,491	1,339	1,121
Minnesota	711	555	780	870	820
Mississippi	374	359	483	482	420
Missouri	815	818	984	925	813
Montana	181	141	221	237	206
Nebraska	292	261	320	305	289
Nevada	459	414	507	542	479
New Hampshire	160	126	207	215	185
New Jersey	977	912	1,069	1,159	970
New Mexico	290	210	282	288	246
New York	1,785	1,505	1,938	2,137	1,882
North Carolina	1,643	1,264	1,776	1,779	1,567
North Dakota	146	123	141	145	141
Ohio	1,619	1,366	1,652	1,670	1,556
Oklahoma	599	471	615	654	626
Oregon	658	471	667	667	600
Pennsylvania	1,339	1,087	1,445	1,561	1,430
Rhode Island	121	94	146	155	134
South Carolina	751	665	811	902	828
South Dakota	128	104	145	149	140
Tennessee	946	929	1,200	1,354	1,105
Texas	4,096	3,533	4,603	5,052	4,694
Utah	559	395	588	613	558
Vermont	84	59	92	99	87
Virginia	1,121	937	1,221	1,313	1,298
Washington	884	711	904	1,040	853
West Virginia	245	211	264	294	263
Wisconsin	805	641	892	900	823
Wyoming	118	79	122	128	108
Footnotes (1) The annual quits level is the sum of the 12 monthly quits levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 18. Annual average quits rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

State	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
TOTAL U.S.	2.3	2.1	2.7	2.8	2.4
Alabama	2.4	2.4	3.1	3.3	2.8
Alaska	3.9	2.8	4.3	4.3	3.7
Arizona	2.8	2.3	3.1	3.4	2.8
Arkansas	2.7	2.5	3.2	3.2	2.9
California	2.1	1.8	2.4	2.4	1.9
Colorado	2.7	2.3	3.1	2.9	2.4
Connecticut	1.6	1.6	2.1	2.2	2.0
Delaware	2.8	2.6	3.2	3.5	2.9
District of Columbia	1.7	1.7	1.7	2.2	2.0
Florida	2.4	2.4	3.0	3.2	2.8
Georgia	2.6	2.7	3.7	3.9	3.0
Hawaii	2.5	2.4	2.6	2.4	2.2
Idaho	3.0	2.4	3.5	3.4	3.1
Illinois	2.1	2.2	2.7	2.5	2.2
Indiana	2.7	2.4	3.1	3.0	2.6
Iowa	2.2	2.0	2.7	2.7	2.3
Kansas	2.4	2.0	2.7	2.6	2.3
Kentucky	2.5	2.7	3.4	3.3	2.9
Louisiana	2.9	2.6	3.3	3.3	3.2
Maine	2.0	1.8	2.6	2.5	2.3
Maryland	2.3	1.9	2.2	2.8	2.5
Massachusetts	1.7	1.5	2.1	2.1	1.5
Michigan	2.4	2.4	3.0	2.6	2.1
Minnesota	2.0	1.7	2.3	2.5	2.3
Mississippi	2.7	2.7	3.5	3.4	3.0
Missouri	2.3	2.5	2.9	2.6	2.3
Montana	3.1	2.5	3.7	3.9	3.3
Nebraska	2.4	2.2	2.6	2.5	2.3
Nevada	2.7	2.7	3.1	3.0	2.6
New Hampshire	1.9	1.6	2.6	2.6	2.2
New Jersey	1.9	2.0	2.2	2.3	1.9
New Mexico	2.8	2.2	2.9	2.8	2.3
New York	1.5	1.4	1.8	1.9	1.6
North Carolina	3.0	2.4	3.2	3.1	2.6
North Dakota	2.8	2.5	2.8	2.8	2.7
Ohio	2.4	2.2	2.6	2.5	2.3
Oklahoma	2.9	2.4	3.1	3.2	3.0
Oregon	2.8	2.1	3.0	2.9	2.5
Pennsylvania	1.8	1.6	2.1	2.2	2.0
Rhode Island	2.0	1.7	2.5	2.6	2.2
South Carolina	2.9	2.7	3.1	3.4	3.0
South Dakota	2.4	2.0	2.7	2.7	2.5
Tennessee	2.5	2.6	3.2	3.5	2.8
Texas	2.7	2.4	3.0	3.1	2.8
Utah	3.0	2.1	3.0	3.0	2.7
Vermont	2.2	1.7	2.6	2.7	2.3
Virginia	2.3	2.0	2.6	2.7	2.6
Washington	2.1	1.8	2.2	2.5	2.0
West Virginia	2.9	2.6	3.2	3.5	3.1
Wisconsin	2.2	1.9	2.6	2.5	2.3
Wyoming	3.4	2.4	3.7	3.7	3.1
Footnotes (1) The annual average quits rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly quits levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 19. Annual layoffs and discharges levels for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [in thousands]

State	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
TOTAL U.S.	21,878	40,847	17,082	17,622	19,759
Alabama	269	389	266	259	278
Alaska	83	107	51	71	63
Arizona	377	680	299	345	440
Arkansas	190	268	159	167	181
California	2,532	4,928	1,813	1,857	2,183
Colorado	409	916	407	417	347
Connecticut	244	511	175	180	203
Delaware	79	118	63	64	77
District of Columbia	83	141	66	69	72
Florida	1,215	2,236	969	1,050	1,199
Georgia	633	1,128	668	718	604
Hawaii	85	193	60	58	70
Idaho	120	222	98	122	126
Illinois	714	1,715	789	810	781
Indiana	594	925	358	359	465
Iowa	222	374	170	166	213
Kansas	181	326	140	150	179
Kentucky	280	524	279	235	243
Louisiana	326	505	235	254	303
Maine	107	180	80	73	94
Maryland	385	637	277	363	357
Massachusetts	473	1,082	398	342	363
Michigan	590	1,442	527	433	603
Minnesota	324	782	240	304	371
Mississippi	180	285	154	167	177
Missouri	417	743	279	348	341
Montana	108	151	75	86	89
Nebraska	131	229	108	112	143
Nevada	210	733	225	207	218
New Hampshire	110	205	96	106	101
New Jersey	606	1,435	492	557	610
New Mexico	119	235	92	105	103
New York	1,403	2,562	982	982	1,238
North Carolina	868	1,271	686	632	701
North Dakota	73	148	60	60	64
Ohio	746	1,554	637	698	764
Oklahoma	239	415	201	197	232
Oregon	337	638	228	222	247
Pennsylvania	885	1,797	681	561	624
Rhode Island	89	175	66	67	79
South Carolina	390	494	273	251	315
South Dakota	62	112	45	52	64
Tennessee	428	813	438	458	451
Texas	1,997	3,165	1,363	1,339	1,640
Utah	266	383	162	187	222
Vermont	54	112	42	36	42
Virginia	579	911	401	466	561
Washington	514	929	306	400	426
West Virginia	118	184	89	87	99
Wisconsin	372	745	272	324	361
Wyoming	60	91	43	47	44
Footnotes (1) The annual layoffs and discharges level is the sum of the 12 monthly layoffs and discharges levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 20. Annual average layoffs and discharges rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted(1) [percent]

State	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
TOTAL U.S.	1.2	2.4	1.0	1.0	1.1
Alabama	1.1	1.6	1.1	1.0	1.1
Alaska	2.1	2.9	1.4	1.9	1.6
Arizona	1.1	2.0	0.8	0.9	1.1
Arkansas	1.2	1.8	1.0	1.0	1.1
California	1.2	2.5	0.9	0.9	1.0
Colorado	1.2	2.9	1.2	1.2	1.0
Connecticut	1.2	2.7	0.9	0.9	1.0
Delaware	1.4	2.2	1.2	1.1	1.3
District of Columbia	0.9	1.6	0.7	0.8	0.8
Florida	1.1	2.2	0.9	0.9	1.0
Georgia	1.1	2.1	1.2	1.2	1.0
Hawaii	1.1	2.9	0.9	0.8	0.9
Idaho	1.3	2.5	1.0	1.2	1.2
Illinois	1.0	2.5	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indiana	1.6	2.6	1.0	0.9	1.2
Iowa	1.2	2.1	0.9	0.9	1.1
Kansas	1.1	2.0	0.8	0.9	1.0
Kentucky	1.2	2.4	1.2	1.0	1.0
Louisiana	1.4	2.3	1.0	1.1	1.3
Maine	1.4	2.5	1.1	1.0	1.2
Maryland	1.2	2.1	0.9	1.1	1.1
Massachusetts	1.1	2.7	0.9	0.8	0.8
Michigan	1.1	3.0	1.0	0.8	1.1
Minnesota	0.9	2.3	0.7	0.9	1.0
Mississippi	1.3	2.1	1.1	1.2	1.3
Missouri	1.2	2.2	0.8	1.0	1.0
Montana	1.9	2.7	1.3	1.4	1.4
Nebraska	1.1	1.9	0.9	0.9	1.1
Nevada	1.2	4.8	1.4	1.2	1.2
New Hampshire	1.3	2.7	1.2	1.3	1.2
New Jersey	1.2	3.1	1.0	1.1	1.2
New Mexico	1.2	2.4	0.9	1.0	1.0
New York	1.2	2.4	0.9	0.9	1.1
North Carolina	1.6	2.4	1.2	1.1	1.2
North Dakota	1.4	3.0	1.2	1.2	1.2
Ohio	1.1	2.5	1.0	1.1	1.1
Oklahoma	1.2	2.1	1.0	1.0	1.1
Oregon	1.4	2.9	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pennsylvania	1.2	2.7	1.0	0.8	0.9
Rhode Island	1.5	3.2	1.1	1.1	1.3
South Carolina	1.5	2.0	1.1	0.9	1.1
South Dakota	1.2	2.2	0.9	1.0	1.2
Tennessee	1.1	2.2	1.2	1.2	1.1
Texas	1.3	2.1	0.9	0.8	1.0
Utah	1.4	2.1	0.8	0.9	1.1
Vermont	1.4	3.3	1.2	1.0	1.1
Virginia	1.2	2.0	0.8	1.0	1.1
Washington	1.2	2.4	0.8	0.9	1.0
West Virginia	1.4	2.3	1.1	1.0	1.2
Wisconsin	1.0	2.2	0.8	0.9	1.0
Wyoming	1.7	2.8	1.3	1.4	1.3
Footnotes (1) The annual average layoffs and discharges rate is equal to the sum of the 12 monthly layoffs and discharges levels as a percent of the sum of the 12 monthly CES employment levels.
NOTE: Data incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.