Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, October 29, 2024   USDL-24-2229
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                               JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – SEPTEMBER 2024

The number of job openings was little changed at 7.4 million on the last business day of September, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires changed little at 5.6 million. The 
number of total separations was unchanged at 5.2 million. Within separations, quits (3.1 million) and 
layoffs and discharges (1.8 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of the number and 
rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by 
establishment size class. 
       
Job Openings

The number of job openings was little changed at 7.4 million on the last business day of September but 
was down by 1.9 million over the year. The job openings rate, at 4.5 percent, changed little over the 
month. The number of job openings decreased in health care and social assistance (-178,000); state and 
local government, excluding education (-79,000); and federal government (-28,000) but increased in 
finance and insurance (+85,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In September, the number and rate of hires changed little at 5.6 million and 3.5 percent, respectively. 
(See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations in September was unchanged at 5.2 million but was down by 326,000 
over the year. The total separations rate was unchanged at 3.3 percent over the month. (See table 3.)

In September, the number of quits changed little at 3.1 million but was down by 525,000 over the year. 
Over the month, the quits rate was little changed at 1.9 percent. Quits decreased in professional and 
business services (-94,000) but increased in state and local government, excluding education (+22,000) 
and in real estate and rental and leasing (+18,000). (See table 4.)

In September, the number of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.8 million but increased by 
238,000 over the year. The layoffs and discharges rate increased to 1.2 percent in September. Layoffs 
and discharges increased in durable goods manufacturing (+46,000) but decreased in state and local 
government, excluding education (-20,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations changed little at 292,000 in September. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In September, establishments with 1 to 9 employees showed little or no change in job openings, hires, 
quits, and total separations rates, while the layoffs and discharges rate increased. For establishments 
with 5,000 or more employees, the job openings, hires, and total separations rates showed little or no 
change. (See table 7.)

August 2024 Revisions

The number of job openings for August was revised down by 179,000 to 7.9 million, the number of 
hires was revised up by 118,000 to 5.4 million, and the number of total separations was revised up by 
171,000 to 5.2 million. Within separations, the number of quits was revised up by 94,000 to 3.2 million, 
and the number of layoffs and discharges was revised up by 60,000 to 1.7 million. (Monthly revisions 
result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published 
estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for October 2024 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, December 3, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).
     

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	9,307	7,861	7,443	5,851	5,435	5,558	5,522	5,168	5,196
Total private	8,342	6,912	6,626	5,488	5,067	5,211	5,220	4,847	4,890
Mining and logging	29	24	25	22	19	22	21	18	19
Construction	422	328	288	308	348	336	313	313	312
Manufacturing	607	491	481	396	306	356	378	325	369
Durable goods	354	321	327	216	171	209	212	194	223
Nondurable goods	253	170	155	179	135	147	166	131	146
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,313	1,131	997	1,190	987	1,031	1,135	945	980
Wholesale trade	229	192	170	152	139	129	148	138	139
Retail trade	668	592	534	755	571	609	718	539	568
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	416	347	293	283	276	293	269	267	273
Information	109	119	132	78	78	88	74	87	99
Financial activities	689	374	467	201	219	223	199	195	224
Finance and insurance	509	264	349	119	153	156	120	132	153
Real estate and rental and leasing	180	109	118	82	66	67	78	62	71
Professional and business services	1,582	1,454	1,531	1,055	1,062	1,051	1,038	1,092	1,026
Private education and health services	1,925	1,636	1,461	858	832	875	753	737	757
Private educational services	163	152	155	96	102	112	91	88	100
Health care and social assistance	1,762	1,484	1,306	762	730	763	663	649	657
Leisure and hospitality	1,350	1,059	948	1,165	976	975	1,109	893	873
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	204	142	133	160	163	163	175	146	169
Accommodation and food services	1,146	917	815	1,005	812	813	934	747	704
Other services	316	295	295	215	240	255	201	242	232
Government	965	949	817	363	368	346	302	321	307
Federal	166	142	114	44	35	32	40	34	31
State and local	799	807	703	320	333	314	262	286	276
State and local education	309	304	279	165	171	160	132	144	131
State and local, excluding education	491	503	424	155	162	154	131	143	145
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	5.6	4.7	4.5	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.3
Total private	5.9	4.9	4.7	4.1	3.7	3.8	3.9	3.6	3.6
Mining and logging	4.3	3.7	3.8	3.4	3.0	3.4	3.2	2.9	3.0
Construction	5.0	3.8	3.4	3.8	4.2	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.8
Manufacturing	4.5	3.7	3.6	3.1	2.4	2.8	2.9	2.5	2.9
Durable goods	4.2	3.8	3.9	2.7	2.1	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.8
Nondurable goods	5.0	3.4	3.1	3.7	2.8	3.0	3.4	2.7	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.3	3.7	3.3	4.1	3.4	3.6	3.9	3.3	3.4
Wholesale trade	3.6	3.0	2.7	2.5	2.3	2.1	2.4	2.2	2.2
Retail trade	4.1	3.6	3.3	4.8	3.6	3.9	4.6	3.4	3.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	5.5	4.6	3.9	4.0	3.8	4.1	3.8	3.7	3.8
Information	3.5	3.8	4.2	2.6	2.6	2.9	2.4	2.9	3.3
Financial activities	7.0	3.9	4.8	2.2	2.4	2.4	2.2	2.1	2.4
Finance and insurance	7.0	3.8	4.9	1.8	2.3	2.3	1.8	2.0	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	6.8	4.2	4.5	3.3	2.6	2.7	3.2	2.5	2.8
Professional and business services	6.5	6.0	6.2	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.8	4.5
Private education and health services	7.0	5.8	5.2	3.4	3.1	3.3	2.9	2.8	2.9
Private educational services	4.1	3.8	3.8	2.5	2.6	2.9	2.4	2.3	2.6
Health care and social assistance	7.5	6.2	5.4	3.5	3.2	3.4	3.0	2.9	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	7.5	5.9	5.3	7.0	5.7	5.7	6.6	5.3	5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	7.4	5.1	4.7	6.3	6.1	6.1	6.9	5.5	6.3
Accommodation and food services	7.5	6.0	5.4	7.1	5.7	5.6	6.6	5.2	4.9
Other services	5.1	4.8	4.8	3.7	4.1	4.3	3.4	4.1	3.9
Government	4.0	3.9	3.4	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.3
Federal	5.3	4.5	3.7	1.5	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.1	1.0
State and local	3.9	3.8	3.3	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.3
State and local education	2.8	2.7	2.5	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.2	1.3	1.2
State and local, excluding education	5.0	5.0	4.2	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 
separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for 
January 2023, industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 
leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists, and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or 
part-time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that 
time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 
dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings—that is, all filled and unfilled 
jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability, and deaths.
Excluded from separations measures are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; and employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is 
computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 
layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class.

The sampling frame is made up of establishments from two sources: the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 
The QCEW database contains establishments that cover approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in the 
United States. This database is a compilation of administrative data from state unemployment insurance (UI) 
programs and federal government establishments covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal 
Employees (UCFE) program. A frame of railroad establishments is provided by the FRA. This is added to the 
QCEW database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame. 

The JOLTS estimation method involves the following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, item 
nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and death model 
estimation, estimates review and outlier selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and variance estimates. 
Establishment size class levels are also produced. Detailed information about the estimation method can be found in 
the Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through which the JOLTS weighted employment for each estimation cell 
is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells are benchmarked monthly to the current employment level from the BLS 
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked to ensure that JOLTS weighted 
employment is equal to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, many new establishments fail within the first year, referred 
to as a death. Because new and short-lived universe establishments cannot be reflected in the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these establishments 
during their early existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity 
from previous years as collected by the QCEW and projects forward to the present using over-the-year change in the 
CES. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate the amount of churn (meaning the rates of 
hires and separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 
with the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and separations that take place in these 
establishments that cannot be measured through sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations 
produced by the birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 
estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences between the two surveys, as well as sampling and nonsampling errors, historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust again.

Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) is used to 
seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant 
data, up to and including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used 
as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative 
models, as well as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal 
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the issuance of data for 
January. Five years of data are subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 1) benchmarks based on CES 
employment estimates newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal adjustment factors, and 3) any needed 
special adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are 
calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 
monthly CES published employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. Sampling error 
estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2023	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Change from: Aug. 2024 - Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Change from: Aug. 2024 - Sept. 2024(p)
Total	9,307	7,910	7,711	7,861	7,443	-418	5.6	4.8	4.6	4.7	4.5	-0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	8,342	6,894	6,839	6,912	6,626	-286	5.9	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.7	-0.2
Mining and logging	29	22	23	24	25	1	4.3	3.3	3.6	3.7	3.8	0.1
Construction	422	299	232	328	288	-40	5.0	3.5	2.7	3.8	3.4	-0.4
Manufacturing	607	474	505	491	481	-10	4.5	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.6	-0.1
Durable goods	354	311	340	321	327	6	4.2	3.7	4.0	3.8	3.9	0.1
Nondurable goods	253	163	165	170	155	-15	5.0	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.1	-0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,313	1,185	1,038	1,131	997	-134	4.3	3.9	3.4	3.7	3.3	-0.4
Wholesale trade	229	230	184	192	170	-22	3.6	3.6	2.9	3.0	2.7	-0.3
Retail trade	668	562	563	592	534	-58	4.1	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.3	-0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	416	392	290	347	293	-54	5.5	5.2	3.9	4.6	3.9	-0.7
Information	109	112	129	119	132	13	3.5	3.6	4.1	3.8	4.2	0.4
Financial activities	689	448	442	374	467	93	7.0	4.6	4.6	3.9	4.8	0.9
Finance and insurance	509	326	311	264	349	85	7.0	4.6	4.4	3.8	4.9	1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	180	122	131	109	118	9	6.8	4.7	5.0	4.2	4.5	0.3
Professional and business services	1,582	1,339	1,553	1,454	1,531	77	6.5	5.5	6.3	6.0	6.2	0.2
Private education and health services	1,925	1,791	1,624	1,636	1,461	-175	7.0	6.4	5.8	5.8	5.2	-0.6
Private educational services	163	173	159	152	155	3	4.1	4.3	4.0	3.8	3.8	0.0
Health care and social assistance	1,762	1,618	1,465	1,484	1,306	-178	7.5	6.7	6.1	6.2	5.4	-0.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,350	943	965	1,059	948	-111	7.5	5.3	5.4	5.9	5.3	-0.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	204	127	150	142	133	-9	7.4	4.6	5.3	5.1	4.7	-0.4
Accommodation and food services	1,146	816	815	917	815	-102	7.5	5.4	5.4	6.0	5.4	-0.6
Other services	316	280	329	295	295	0	5.1	4.5	5.3	4.8	4.8	0.0
Government	965	1,016	871	949	817	-132	4.0	4.2	3.6	3.9	3.4	-0.5
Federal	166	109	133	142	114	-28	5.3	3.5	4.3	4.5	3.7	-0.8
State and local	799	908	738	807	703	-104	3.9	4.3	3.5	3.8	3.3	-0.5
State and local education	309	271	246	304	279	-25	2.8	2.5	2.2	2.7	2.5	-0.2
State and local, excluding education	491	637	492	503	424	-79	5.0	6.2	4.9	5.0	4.2	-0.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,549	1,460	1,254	1,384	1,376	-8	5.3	4.9	4.3	4.7	4.6	-0.1
South	3,793	3,108	3,226	3,215	2,890	-325	6.1	5.0	5.1	5.1	4.6	-0.5
Midwest	1,998	1,685	1,626	1,708	1,684	-24	5.7	4.8	4.6	4.8	4.7	-0.1
West	1,966	1,657	1,605	1,555	1,492	-63	5.1	4.3	4.1	4.0	3.8	-0.2
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2023	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Change from: Aug. 2024 - Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Change from: Aug. 2024 - Sept. 2024(p)
Total	5,851	5,248	5,416	5,435	5,558	123	3.7	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.5	0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,488	4,900	5,068	5,067	5,211	144	4.1	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.8	0.1
Mining and logging	22	20	18	19	22	3	3.4	3.1	2.8	3.0	3.4	0.4
Construction	308	323	359	348	336	-12	3.8	3.9	4.4	4.2	4.0	-0.2
Manufacturing	396	336	354	306	356	50	3.1	2.6	2.7	2.4	2.8	0.4
Durable goods	216	190	205	171	209	38	2.7	2.3	2.5	2.1	2.6	0.5
Nondurable goods	179	146	149	135	147	12	3.7	3.0	3.1	2.8	3.0	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,190	1,144	1,139	987	1,031	44	4.1	3.9	3.9	3.4	3.6	0.2
Wholesale trade	152	161	151	139	129	-10	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.1	-0.2
Retail trade	755	683	669	571	609	38	4.8	4.4	4.3	3.6	3.9	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	283	300	319	276	293	17	4.0	4.2	4.4	3.8	4.1	0.3
Information	78	79	78	78	88	10	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.9	0.3
Financial activities	201	225	231	219	223	4	2.2	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.4	0.0
Finance and insurance	119	149	161	153	156	3	1.8	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.3	0.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	82	76	70	66	67	1	3.3	3.0	2.8	2.6	2.7	0.1
Professional and business services	1,055	962	946	1,062	1,051	-11	4.6	4.2	4.1	4.6	4.6	0.0
Private education and health services	858	846	832	832	875	43	3.4	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.3	0.2
Private educational services	96	91	87	102	112	10	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.9	0.3
Health care and social assistance	762	756	745	730	763	33	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.4	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,165	767	891	976	975	-1	7.0	4.5	5.3	5.7	5.7	0.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	160	141	151	163	163	0	6.3	5.3	5.7	6.1	6.1	0.0
Accommodation and food services	1,005	626	740	812	813	1	7.1	4.4	5.2	5.7	5.6	-0.1
Other services	215	197	221	240	255	15	3.7	3.3	3.7	4.1	4.3	0.2
Government	363	347	347	368	346	-22	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5	-0.1
Federal	44	39	31	35	32	-3	1.5	1.3	1.0	1.2	1.1	-0.1
State and local	320	308	316	333	314	-19	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5	-0.1
State and local education	165	152	162	171	160	-11	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.5	-0.1
State and local, excluding education	155	156	154	162	154	-8	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	-0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	920	865	920	922	800	-122	3.3	3.1	3.3	3.3	2.8	-0.5
South	2,525	2,096	2,057	2,264	2,300	36	4.3	3.5	3.5	3.8	3.9	0.1
Midwest	1,154	1,133	1,207	1,078	1,199	121	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.2	3.5	0.3
West	1,252	1,154	1,232	1,171	1,259	88	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.4	0.3
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2023	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Change from: Aug. 2024 - Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Change from: Aug. 2024 - Sept. 2024(p)
Total	5,522	5,084	5,314	5,168	5,196	28	3.5	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.3	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,220	4,776	4,972	4,847	4,890	43	3.9	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.6	0.0
Mining and logging	21	20	18	18	19	1	3.2	3.1	2.8	2.9	3.0	0.1
Construction	313	282	321	313	312	-1	3.9	3.4	3.9	3.8	3.8	0.0
Manufacturing	378	348	347	325	369	44	2.9	2.7	2.7	2.5	2.9	0.4
Durable goods	212	205	204	194	223	29	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.8	0.4
Nondurable goods	166	143	143	131	146	15	3.4	3.0	3.0	2.7	3.0	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,135	1,125	1,097	945	980	35	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.3	3.4	0.1
Wholesale trade	148	159	140	138	139	1	2.4	2.6	2.3	2.2	2.2	0.0
Retail trade	718	691	656	539	568	29	4.6	4.4	4.2	3.4	3.6	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	269	276	301	267	273	6	3.8	3.8	4.2	3.7	3.8	0.1
Information	74	74	92	87	99	12	2.4	2.5	3.1	2.9	3.3	0.4
Financial activities	199	209	234	195	224	29	2.2	2.3	2.5	2.1	2.4	0.3
Finance and insurance	120	139	167	132	153	21	1.8	2.1	2.5	2.0	2.3	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	78	70	68	62	71	9	3.2	2.8	2.7	2.5	2.8	0.3
Professional and business services	1,038	973	950	1,092	1,026	-66	4.5	4.2	4.1	4.8	4.5	-0.3
Private education and health services	753	720	779	737	757	20	2.9	2.7	3.0	2.8	2.9	0.1
Private educational services	91	90	98	88	100	12	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.6	0.3
Health care and social assistance	663	630	681	649	657	8	3.0	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.9	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,109	832	902	893	873	-20	6.6	4.9	5.3	5.3	5.1	-0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	175	127	154	146	169	23	6.9	4.8	5.8	5.5	6.3	0.8
Accommodation and food services	934	706	747	747	704	-43	6.6	5.0	5.2	5.2	4.9	-0.3
Other services	201	193	233	242	232	-10	3.4	3.3	3.9	4.1	3.9	-0.2
Government	302	307	343	321	307	-14	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	-0.1
Federal	40	33	31	34	31	-3	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	-0.1
State and local	262	274	312	286	276	-10	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	-0.1
State and local education	132	144	155	144	131	-13	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.2	-0.1
State and local, excluding education	131	130	156	143	145	2	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.5	1.5	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	786	813	866	803	960	157	2.8	2.9	3.1	2.8	3.4	0.6
South	2,336	2,036	2,125	2,039	2,072	33	4.0	3.4	3.6	3.4	3.5	0.1
Midwest	1,162	1,036	1,106	1,207	1,107	-100	3.5	3.1	3.3	3.6	3.3	-0.3
West	1,238	1,198	1,217	1,119	1,058	-61	3.4	3.2	3.3	3.0	2.8	-0.2
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2023	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Change from: Aug. 2024 - Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Change from: Aug. 2024 - Sept. 2024(p)
Total	3,596	3,214	3,243	3,178	3,071	-107	2.3	2.0	2.0	2.0	1.9	-0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,411	3,048	3,056	2,999	2,881	-118	2.5	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.1	-0.1
Mining and logging	12	11	10	9	12	3	1.8	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.8	0.4
Construction	139	119	137	131	120	-11	1.7	1.4	1.7	1.6	1.4	-0.2
Manufacturing	224	202	222	208	203	-5	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	0.0
Durable goods	126	124	129	128	117	-11	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.4	-0.2
Nondurable goods	98	79	93	80	86	6	2.0	1.6	1.9	1.7	1.8	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	799	709	687	578	621	43	2.8	2.4	2.4	2.0	2.1	0.1
Wholesale trade	86	94	83	78	78	0	1.4	1.5	1.3	1.3	1.3	0.0
Retail trade	544	459	432	368	409	41	3.5	2.9	2.8	2.4	2.6	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	168	156	172	133	135	2	2.4	2.2	2.4	1.8	1.9	0.1
Information	39	36	49	41	32	-9	1.3	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.1	-0.3
Financial activities	131	142	127	109	130	21	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.4	0.2
Finance and insurance	88	98	91	88	90	2	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	0.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	43	44	36	21	39	18	1.7	1.8	1.5	0.8	1.6	0.8
Professional and business services	581	549	495	575	481	-94	2.5	2.4	2.2	2.5	2.1	-0.4
Private education and health services	534	531	543	514	525	11	2.1	2.0	2.1	1.9	2.0	0.1
Private educational services	57	54	62	54	57	3	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.4	1.5	0.1
Health care and social assistance	477	477	482	460	468	8	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.1	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	828	619	642	665	603	-62	5.0	3.7	3.8	3.9	3.5	-0.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	86	69	82	73	78	5	3.4	2.6	3.1	2.7	2.9	0.2
Accommodation and food services	742	551	560	592	525	-67	5.2	3.9	3.9	4.1	3.6	-0.5
Other services	125	129	144	169	155	-14	2.1	2.2	2.4	2.8	2.6	-0.2
Government	185	166	186	179	190	11	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
Federal	18	15	15	17	14	-3	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	-0.1
State and local	167	151	171	162	175	13	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.1
State and local education	86	79	90	86	77	-9	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.7	-0.1
State and local, excluding education	81	71	81	76	98	22	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.8	1.0	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	493	483	462	471	493	22	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7	0.0
South	1,601	1,360	1,426	1,287	1,294	7	2.7	2.3	2.4	2.2	2.2	0.0
Midwest	722	675	654	735	672	-63	2.2	2.0	1.9	2.2	2.0	-0.2
West	780	697	700	685	611	-74	2.1	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.6	-0.2
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2023	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Change from: Aug. 2024 - Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Change from: Aug. 2024 - Sept. 2024(p)
Total	1,595	1,560	1,713	1,668	1,833	165	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,526	1,479	1,627	1,589	1,775	186	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.3	0.1
Mining and logging	8	7	6	7	6	-1	1.3	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.9	-0.1
Construction	159	145	175	169	178	9	2.0	1.8	2.1	2.0	2.1	0.1
Manufacturing	133	124	102	93	148	55	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.7	1.1	0.4
Durable goods	72	70	60	48	94	46	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.6	1.2	0.6
Nondurable goods	61	54	42	45	54	9	1.3	1.1	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	273	357	333	312	327	15	0.9	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.0
Wholesale trade	55	49	50	55	50	-5	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	-0.1
Retail trade	134	201	169	137	149	12	0.9	1.3	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	84	107	114	121	128	7	1.2	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.8	0.1
Information	24	34	38	43	54	11	0.8	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.8	0.4
Financial activities	53	50	72	79	63	-16	0.6	0.5	0.8	0.9	0.7	-0.2
Finance and insurance	24	27	46	41	36	-5	0.4	0.4	0.7	0.6	0.5	-0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	29	23	26	38	28	-10	1.2	0.9	1.0	1.5	1.1	-0.4
Professional and business services	387	394	399	452	497	45	1.7	1.7	1.7	2.0	2.2	0.2
Private education and health services	172	150	185	172	188	16	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.0
Private educational services	28	31	30	29	36	7	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.1
Health care and social assistance	144	119	155	143	152	9	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	254	171	232	204	254	50	1.5	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.5	0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	86	54	68	69	86	17	3.4	2.1	2.5	2.6	3.2	0.6
Accommodation and food services	168	116	164	135	168	33	1.2	0.8	1.2	0.9	1.2	0.3
Other services	63	46	85	57	60	3	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.0	1.0	0.0
Government	69	81	86	79	59	-20	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.0
Federal	8	6	6	6	5	-1	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local	61	75	80	73	53	-20	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	-0.1
State and local education	33	43	37	33	33	0	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0
State and local, excluding education	28	32	43	40	20	-20	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.2	-0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	227	273	346	272	415	143	0.8	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.5	0.5
South	633	560	577	629	661	32	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.0
Midwest	380	315	374	395	375	-20	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.2	1.1	-0.1
West	355	412	416	372	383	11	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Sept. 2023	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Change from: Aug. 2024 - Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Change from: Aug. 2024 - Sept. 2024(p)
Total	331	310	359	322	292	-30	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	283	249	288	259	234	-25	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Mining and logging	1	2	2	3	2	-1	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.2	-0.2
Construction	15	18	9	12	14	2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Manufacturing	22	21	22	24	18	-6	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Durable goods	15	12	14	18	12	-6	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Nondurable goods	7	9	8	6	6	0	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	64	59	76	54	31	-23	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Wholesale trade	7	15	7	6	11	5	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Retail trade	40	31	54	35	10	-25	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	17	13	15	13	10	-3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Information	10	4	4	3	12	9	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.3
Financial activities	15	17	35	7	31	24	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.2
Finance and insurance	8	14	30	4	27	23	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.4	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	7	3	5	4	4	0	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Professional and business services	70	30	56	65	49	-16	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Private education and health services	47	38	51	50	44	-6	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Private educational services	5	5	7	4	7	3	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health care and social assistance	42	33	45	46	37	-9	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	28	43	27	24	16	-8	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4	4	4	4	5	1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Accommodation and food services	24	39	23	19	11	-8	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other services	13	17	5	16	18	2	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.0
Government	48	61	70	63	58	-5	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Federal	14	12	9	11	11	0	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local	34	48	61	52	47	-5	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	-0.1
State and local education	13	22	29	25	21	-4	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local, excluding education	21	27	32	27	26	-1	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	66	57	58	59	52	-7	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
South	102	117	122	123	116	-7	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Midwest	60	47	78	77	61	-16	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
West	102	89	100	62	64	2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Sept. 2023	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Change from: Aug. 2024 - Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Change from: Aug. 2024 - Sept. 2024(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	8,342	6,894	6,839	6,912	6,626	-286	5.9	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.7	-0.2
1 to 9 employees	1,968	1,497	1,520	1,540	1,393	-147	8.4	6.2	6.4	6.5	5.8	-0.7
10 to 49 employees	2,346	2,051	1,913	2,045	1,996	-49	5.3	4.5	4.3	4.6	4.4	-0.2
50 to 249 employees	2,232	1,784	1,859	1,841	1,809	-32	5.4	4.4	4.5	4.5	4.5	0.0
250 to 999 employees	983	846	873	827	772	-55	5.2	4.4	4.4	4.1	4.0	-0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	563	473	431	417	425	8	6.1	5.6	5.2	4.8	4.8	0.0
5,000 or more employees	250	243	244	242	230	-12	5.4	5.0	5.0	5.0	4.7	-0.3
HIRES
Total private	5,488	4,900	5,068	5,067	5,211	144	4.1	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.8	0.1
1 to 9 employees	855	792	753	856	870	14	4.0	3.5	3.4	3.9	3.8	-0.1
10 to 49 employees	1,669	1,650	1,697	1,598	1,707	109	4.0	3.8	4.0	3.7	4.0	0.3
50 to 249 employees	1,800	1,451	1,542	1,530	1,586	56	4.6	3.8	3.9	4.0	4.1	0.1
250 to 999 employees	749	618	664	696	644	-52	4.1	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.5	-0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	330	294	319	299	314	15	3.8	3.7	4.1	3.6	3.7	0.1
5,000 or more employees	84	95	93	88	88	0	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.9	1.9	0.0
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,220	4,776	4,972	4,847	4,890	43	3.9	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.6	0.0
1 to 9 employees	782	742	660	618	768	150	3.7	3.3	3.0	2.8	3.4	0.6
10 to 49 employees	1,673	1,600	1,805	1,656	1,717	61	4.0	3.7	4.3	3.9	4.0	0.1
50 to 249 employees	1,702	1,455	1,420	1,492	1,456	-36	4.3	3.8	3.6	3.9	3.8	-0.1
250 to 999 employees	721	629	725	725	598	-127	4.0	3.4	3.8	3.8	3.2	-0.6
1,000 to 4,999 employees	278	278	284	285	278	-7	3.2	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.3	-0.2
5,000 or more employees	65	73	77	71	72	1	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.5	1.5	0.0
QUITS
Total private	3,411	3,048	3,056	2,999	2,881	-118	2.5	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.1	-0.1
1 to 9 employees	400	465	295	345	367	22	1.9	2.1	1.3	1.6	1.6	0.0
10 to 49 employees	1,252	1,139	1,183	1,081	1,094	13	3.0	2.6	2.8	2.5	2.5	0.0
50 to 249 employees	1,144	902	969	961	863	-98	2.9	2.3	2.5	2.5	2.2	-0.3
250 to 999 employees	424	347	404	419	363	-56	2.3	1.9	2.1	2.2	2.0	-0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	152	152	159	151	151	0	1.8	1.9	2.0	1.8	1.8	0.0
5,000 or more employees	39	43	46	42	44	2	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.0
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,526	1,479	1,627	1,589	1,775	186	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.3	0.1
1 to 9 employees	307	231	312	230	377	147	1.4	1.0	1.4	1.0	1.7	0.7
10 to 49 employees	336	377	516	477	558	81	0.8	0.9	1.2	1.1	1.3	0.2
50 to 249 employees	490	488	388	470	513	43	1.2	1.3	1.0	1.2	1.3	0.1
250 to 999 employees	266	253	291	278	205	-73	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.1	-0.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	109	109	96	115	104	-11	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.4	1.2	-0.2
5,000 or more employees	18	21	23	20	18	-2	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.0
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	283	249	288	259	234	-25	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
1 to 9 employees	75	46	52	44	25	-19	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
10 to 49 employees	85	83	106	98	65	-33	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
50 to 249 employees	68	65	63	61	81	20	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
250 to 999 employees	30	29	30	28	30	2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	18	17	29	19	24	5	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.1
5,000 or more employees	8	10	8	9	10	1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)
Total	9,303	7,939	7,418	5.6	4.8	4.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	8,355	6,951	6,631	5.9	4.9	4.7
Mining and logging	28	24	25	4.2	3.5	3.8
Construction	416	331	282	4.8	3.7	3.2
Manufacturing	613	502	480	4.5	3.7	3.6
Durable goods	360	323	326	4.2	3.8	3.9
Nondurable goods	253	179	153	5.0	3.6	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,388	1,193	1,046	4.6	4.0	3.5
Wholesale trade	216	188	159	3.4	2.9	2.5
Retail trade	738	666	591	4.6	4.1	3.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	435	339	297	5.8	4.6	4.0
Information	115	111	140	3.7	3.5	4.5
Financial activities	688	367	474	6.9	3.8	4.9
Finance and insurance	520	252	367	7.2	3.6	5.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	168	115	108	6.3	4.3	4.1
Professional and business services	1,605	1,456	1,582	6.5	5.9	6.4
Private education and health services	1,886	1,585	1,405	6.9	5.7	5.0
Private educational services	157	143	146	3.9	3.8	3.6
Health care and social assistance	1,729	1,443	1,259	7.4	6.0	5.3
Leisure and hospitality	1,307	1,075	906	7.2	5.8	5.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	170	139	109	6.2	4.5	3.9
Accommodation and food services	1,137	936	797	7.4	6.0	5.2
Other services	309	309	290	5.0	4.9	4.7
Government	948	987	787	4.0	4.2	3.2
Federal	156	151	104	5.0	4.8	3.4
State and local	792	836	683	3.8	4.1	3.2
State and local education	297	325	268	2.7	3.2	2.4
State and local, excluding education	495	511	415	5.0	5.0	4.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,525	1,390	1,350	5.2	4.7	4.6
South	3,834	3,271	2,923	6.1	5.2	4.7
Midwest	2,006	1,701	1,687	5.7	4.8	4.8
West	1,938	1,578	1,459	5.0	4.1	3.8
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)
Total	5,874	6,070	5,600	3.7	3.8	3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,452	5,398	5,218	4.1	4.0	3.8
Mining and logging	22	20	22	3.5	3.2	3.5
Construction	298	359	317	3.6	4.2	3.7
Manufacturing	391	332	363	3.0	2.6	2.8
Durable goods	220	181	218	2.7	2.2	2.7
Nondurable goods	172	151	145	3.5	3.1	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,193	1,031	1,019	4.2	3.6	3.5
Wholesale trade	156	135	129	2.5	2.2	2.1
Retail trade	747	620	591	4.8	4.0	3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	290	275	299	4.1	3.9	4.2
Information	86	77	99	2.8	2.5	3.3
Financial activities	200	231	222	2.2	2.5	2.4
Finance and insurance	119	171	159	1.8	2.5	2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	81	61	63	3.3	2.4	2.5
Professional and business services	1,025	1,068	1,030	4.5	4.6	4.5
Private education and health services	883	949	914	3.5	3.6	3.4
Private educational services	120	172	146	3.1	4.8	3.8
Health care and social assistance	762	777	768	3.5	3.4	3.4
Leisure and hospitality	1,138	1,081	970	6.8	6.1	5.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	123	132	123	4.8	4.5	4.6
Accommodation and food services	1,015	949	847	7.1	6.5	5.9
Other services	216	249	261	3.7	4.2	4.4
Government	422	672	381	1.8	3.0	1.6
Federal	48	35	34	1.6	1.2	1.1
State and local	374	637	347	1.9	3.3	1.7
State and local education	237	478	214	2.2	4.9	2.0
State and local, excluding education	137	159	134	1.5	1.6	1.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	966	976	842	3.5	3.5	3.0
South	2,522	2,616	2,313	4.3	4.4	3.9
Midwest	1,130	1,196	1,171	3.4	3.6	3.5
West	1,256	1,282	1,273	3.4	3.4	3.4
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)
Total	5,803	6,294	5,450	3.7	4.0	3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,458	5,805	5,124	4.1	4.3	3.8
Mining and logging	20	20	19	3.1	3.1	2.9
Construction	299	368	295	3.6	4.3	3.5
Manufacturing	385	401	377	3.0	3.1	2.9
Durable goods	215	248	225	2.6	3.1	2.8
Nondurable goods	170	153	152	3.5	3.1	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,124	1,117	958	3.9	3.9	3.3
Wholesale trade	140	152	126	2.3	2.5	2.0
Retail trade	726	689	562	4.7	4.4	3.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	258	276	269	3.6	3.9	3.7
Information	68	100	88	2.3	3.3	2.9
Financial activities	197	277	230	2.1	3.0	2.5
Finance and insurance	114	195	156	1.7	2.9	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	83	82	74	3.3	3.2	3.0
Professional and business services	1,041	1,151	1,033	4.5	5.0	4.5
Private education and health services	751	840	742	2.9	3.2	2.8
Private educational services	89	136	99	2.3	3.8	2.6
Health care and social assistance	662	704	643	3.1	3.1	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,364	1,220	1,133	8.1	6.9	6.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	287	249	304	11.1	8.5	11.3
Accommodation and food services	1,077	972	829	7.6	6.6	5.7
Other services	208	310	250	3.6	5.2	4.2
Government	345	489	325	1.5	2.2	1.4
Federal	41	39	31	1.4	1.3	1.0
State and local	304	450	295	1.5	2.3	1.4
State and local education	120	227	111	1.1	2.3	1.0
State and local, excluding education	184	223	184	2.0	2.3	1.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	913	1,006	1,071	3.3	3.6	3.8
South	2,405	2,424	2,152	4.1	4.1	3.6
Midwest	1,224	1,487	1,168	3.7	4.4	3.5
West	1,261	1,378	1,060	3.4	3.7	2.8
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)
Total	3,844	4,073	3,230	2.5	2.6	2.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,644	3,811	3,029	2.7	2.8	2.2
Mining and logging	12	10	12	1.9	1.6	1.9
Construction	148	176	117	1.8	2.1	1.4
Manufacturing	230	268	207	1.8	2.1	1.6
Durable goods	132	169	120	1.6	2.1	1.5
Nondurable goods	99	99	86	2.0	2.0	1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	824	742	627	2.9	2.6	2.2
Wholesale trade	85	95	68	1.4	1.5	1.1
Retail trade	567	494	423	3.7	3.2	2.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	172	153	136	2.4	2.2	1.9
Information	42	54	32	1.4	1.8	1.1
Financial activities	126	151	128	1.4	1.6	1.4
Finance and insurance	84	121	88	1.2	1.8	1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	43	30	40	1.7	1.2	1.6
Professional and business services	632	647	507	2.8	2.8	2.2
Private education and health services	537	598	512	2.1	2.3	1.9
Private educational services	57	79	56	1.5	2.2	1.5
Health care and social assistance	480	520	456	2.2	2.3	2.0
Leisure and hospitality	952	951	709	5.7	5.4	4.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	121	137	115	4.7	4.7	4.3
Accommodation and food services	830	814	594	5.8	5.6	4.1
Other services	141	212	178	2.4	3.6	3.0
Government	200	262	201	0.9	1.2	0.9
Federal	19	20	15	0.6	0.7	0.5
State and local	181	243	186	0.9	1.2	0.9
State and local education	82	137	69	0.8	1.4	0.6
State and local, excluding education	99	105	117	1.1	1.1	1.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	556	632	554	2.0	2.2	2.0
South	1,658	1,606	1,310	2.8	2.7	2.2
Midwest	789	969	720	2.4	2.9	2.1
West	841	866	646	2.3	2.3	1.7
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)
Total	1,641	1,850	1,938	1.0	1.2	1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,542	1,700	1,868	1.2	1.2	1.4
Mining and logging	7	7	5	1.1	1.0	0.8
Construction	132	179	160	1.6	2.1	1.9
Manufacturing	136	110	156	1.0	0.8	1.2
Durable goods	71	63	95	0.9	0.8	1.2
Nondurable goods	65	47	61	1.3	1.0	1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	232	313	298	0.8	1.1	1.0
Wholesale trade	48	51	46	0.8	0.8	0.7
Retail trade	118	153	129	0.8	1.0	0.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	66	109	122	0.9	1.5	1.7
Information	17	43	44	0.6	1.4	1.5
Financial activities	55	110	66	0.6	1.2	0.7
Finance and insurance	22	61	35	0.3	0.9	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	33	48	31	1.3	1.9	1.2
Professional and business services	352	429	486	1.5	1.9	2.1
Private education and health services	175	188	195	0.7	0.7	0.7
Private educational services	27	52	37	0.7	1.4	1.0
Health care and social assistance	148	136	158	0.7	0.6	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	385	242	408	2.3	1.4	2.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	161	105	182	6.2	3.6	6.8
Accommodation and food services	223	137	226	1.6	0.9	1.6
Other services	51	81	50	0.9	1.4	0.8
Government	98	150	70	0.4	0.7	0.3
Federal	8	6	5	0.3	0.2	0.2
State and local	90	144	65	0.4	0.7	0.3
State and local education	27	55	25	0.3	0.6	0.2
State and local, excluding education	63	89	40	0.7	0.9	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	288	304	465	1.0	1.1	1.6
South	654	670	732	1.1	1.1	1.2
Midwest	375	426	390	1.1	1.3	1.2
West	323	451	351	0.9	1.2	0.9
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)
Total	319	371	282	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	272	295	228	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	3	2	0.1	0.4	0.2
Construction	18	14	18	0.2	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	19	24	14	0.1	0.2	0.1
Durable goods	13	17	9	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods	6	7	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	68	62	33	0.2	0.2	0.1
Wholesale trade	7	6	12	0.1	0.1	0.2
Retail trade	41	42	10	0.3	0.3	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	19	14	11	0.3	0.2	0.2
Information	9	3	12	0.3	0.1	0.4
Financial activities	16	16	36	0.2	0.2	0.4
Finance and insurance	9	13	33	0.1	0.2	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	7	3	3	0.3	0.1	0.1
Professional and business services	58	75	39	0.3	0.3	0.2
Private education and health services	39	54	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Private educational services	4	6	6	0.1	0.2	0.2
Health care and social assistance	34	49	29	0.2	0.2	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	28	27	16	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	5	7	7	0.2	0.2	0.3
Accommodation and food services	23	21	9	0.2	0.1	0.1
Other services	17	17	22	0.3	0.3	0.4
Government	47	76	54	0.2	0.3	0.2
Federal	14	13	11	0.5	0.4	0.4
State and local	33	63	44	0.2	0.3	0.2
State and local education	11	34	17	0.1	0.4	0.2
State and local, excluding education	22	29	27	0.2	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	68	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	94	148	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	59	91	58	0.2	0.3	0.2
West	97	61	63	0.3	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)	Sept. 2023	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	8,355	6,951	6,631	5.9	4.9	4.7
1 to 9 employees	1,870	1,486	1,315	8.0	6.3	5.5
10 to 49 employees	2,360	2,067	2,014	5.3	4.6	4.5
50 to 249 employees	2,294	1,911	1,856	5.5	4.7	4.6
250 to 999 employees	1,002	853	784	5.2	4.2	4.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	585	392	437	6.3	4.5	4.9
5,000 or more employees	244	243	225	5.2	5.0	4.6
HIRES
Total private	5,452	5,398	5,218	4.1	4.0	3.8
1 to 9 employees	757	826	785	3.5	3.7	3.5
10 to 49 employees	1,682	1,716	1,724	4.0	4.0	4.0
50 to 249 employees	1,807	1,669	1,619	4.6	4.3	4.2
250 to 999 employees	767	775	657	4.2	4.0	3.6
1,000 to 4,999 employees	347	311	338	4.0	3.8	4.0
5,000 or more employees	93	101	95	2.1	2.2	2.0
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,458	5,805	5,124	4.1	4.3	3.8
1 to 9 employees	750	676	742	3.5	3.1	3.3
10 to 49 employees	1,800	1,960	1,868	4.3	4.6	4.3
50 to 249 employees	1,794	1,903	1,541	4.6	4.9	4.0
250 to 999 employees	772	847	627	4.3	4.4	3.4
1,000 to 4,999 employees	276	333	275	3.2	4.0	3.3
5,000 or more employees	66	86	72	1.5	1.8	1.5
QUITS
Total private	3,644	3,811	3,029	2.7	2.8	2.2
1 to 9 employees	403	424	352	1.9	1.9	1.6
10 to 49 employees	1,351	1,342	1,172	3.2	3.1	2.7
50 to 249 employees	1,229	1,285	922	3.1	3.3	2.4
250 to 999 employees	461	523	384	2.5	2.7	2.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	159	187	156	1.8	2.3	1.9
5,000 or more employees	40	49	44	0.9	1.1	0.9
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,542	1,700	1,868	1.2	1.2	1.4
1 to 9 employees	276	187	367	1.3	0.8	1.6
10 to 49 employees	366	513	632	0.9	1.2	1.5
50 to 249 employees	500	550	541	1.3	1.4	1.4
250 to 999 employees	283	295	215	1.6	1.5	1.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	99	126	94	1.1	1.5	1.1
5,000 or more employees	18	28	18	0.4	0.6	0.4
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	272	295	228	0.2	0.2	0.2
1 to 9 employees	71	64	23	0.3	0.3	0.1
10 to 49 employees	84	105	64	0.2	0.2	0.1
50 to 249 employees	65	69	78	0.2	0.2	0.2
250 to 999 employees	27	29	28	0.1	0.1	0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	17	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
5,000 or more employees	7	9	9	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.