Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, October 1, 2024    USDL-24-2050
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                                JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – AUGUST 2024

The number of job openings was little changed at 8.0 million on the last business day of August, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires changed little at 5.3 million. Total 
separations changed little at 5.0 million. Within separations, quits (3.1 million) continued to trend down 
and layoffs and discharges (1.6 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of the number 
and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by 
establishment size class. 
        
Job Openings

The number of job openings was little changed at 8.0 million on the last business day of August but was 
down by 1.3 million over the year. The job openings rate, at 4.8 percent, changed little over the month. 
The number of job openings increased in construction (+138,000) and in state and local government, 
excluding education (+78,000). Job openings decreased in other services (-93,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In August, the number and rate of hires changed little at 5.3 million and 3.3 percent, respectively.
(See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations in August changed little at 5.0 million. The total separations rate 
decreased to 3.1 percent. Total separations increased in professional and business services (+149,000) 
but decreased in accommodation and food services (-111,000) and in state and local government, 
excluding education (-25,000). (See table 3.)

In August, the number of quits trended down to 3.1 million (-159,000), while the quits rate, at 1.9 
percent, changed little. Quits decreased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-45,000); arts, 
entertainment, and recreation (-18,000); and private educational services (-11,000). (See table 4.)

In August, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.6 million and 1.0 percent, 
respectively. Layoffs and discharges decreased in health care and social assistance (-52,000). 
(See table 5.)

The number of other separations changed little at 304,000 in August. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In August, establishments with 1 to 9 employees and establishments with 5,000 or more employees, 
showed little or no change in job openings, hires, and separations rates. (See table 7.)

July 2024 Revisions

The number of job openings for July was revised up by 38,000 to 7.7 million, the number of hires was 
revised down by 105,000 to 5.4 million, and the number of total separations was revised down by 
106,000 to 5.3 million. Within separations, the number of quits was revised down by 34,000 to 3.2 
million, and the number of layoffs and discharges was revised down by 49,000 to 1.7 million. (Monthly 
revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last 
published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for September 2024 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, October 29, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

     

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	9,358	7,711	8,040	5,888	5,416	5,317	5,609	5,314	4,997
Total private	8,269	6,839	7,066	5,494	5,068	4,970	5,277	4,972	4,685
Mining and logging	28	23	25	25	18	18	24	18	17
Construction	386	232	370	374	359	338	349	321	310
Manufacturing	601	505	506	393	354	308	385	347	321
Durable goods	382	340	329	204	205	176	199	204	194
Nondurable goods	219	165	177	189	149	132	186	143	127
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,292	1,038	1,130	1,132	1,139	993	1,105	1,097	941
Wholesale trade	207	184	200	151	151	136	147	140	130
Retail trade	656	563	562	670	669	579	642	656	553
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	428	290	367	310	319	278	317	301	258
Information	158	129	140	66	78	72	67	92	81
Financial activities	585	442	390	213	231	219	211	234	200
Finance and insurance	446	311	270	142	161	157	138	167	142
Real estate and rental and leasing	140	131	120	71	70	63	72	68	59
Professional and business services	1,648	1,553	1,618	1,076	946	1,109	1,086	950	1,099
Private education and health services	1,993	1,624	1,606	907	832	803	812	779	692
Private educational services	155	159	143	94	87	96	85	98	87
Health care and social assistance	1,839	1,465	1,463	813	745	707	727	681	605
Leisure and hospitality	1,182	965	1,045	1,100	891	854	1,034	902	768
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	170	150	142	180	151	157	174	154	132
Accommodation and food services	1,012	815	903	920	740	696	861	747	636
Other services	396	329	236	207	221	257	204	233	256
Government	1,089	871	974	394	347	347	332	343	312
Federal	180	133	130	43	31	35	32	31	34
State and local	909	738	844	352	316	312	300	312	277
State and local education	359	246	275	190	162	156	150	155	146
State and local, excluding education	550	492	570	161	154	156	150	156	131
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	5.6	4.6	4.8	3.8	3.4	3.3	3.6	3.4	3.1
Total private	5.8	4.8	5.0	4.1	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.7	3.5
Mining and logging	4.1	3.6	3.7	4.0	2.8	2.8	3.7	2.8	2.6
Construction	4.6	2.7	4.3	4.6	4.4	4.1	4.3	3.9	3.7
Manufacturing	4.4	3.8	3.8	3.0	2.7	2.4	3.0	2.7	2.5
Durable goods	4.5	4.0	3.9	2.5	2.5	2.2	2.4	2.5	2.4
Nondurable goods	4.4	3.3	3.5	3.9	3.1	2.7	3.9	3.0	2.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.3	3.4	3.7	3.9	3.9	3.4	3.8	3.8	3.2
Wholesale trade	3.3	2.9	3.1	2.5	2.4	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.1
Retail trade	4.0	3.5	3.5	4.3	4.3	3.7	4.1	4.2	3.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	5.7	3.9	4.8	4.4	4.4	3.8	4.4	4.2	3.6
Information	5.0	4.1	4.5	2.2	2.6	2.4	2.2	3.1	2.7
Financial activities	6.0	4.6	4.0	2.3	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.2
Finance and insurance	6.2	4.4	3.8	2.1	2.4	2.3	2.0	2.5	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	5.3	5.0	4.6	2.9	2.8	2.5	2.9	2.7	2.3
Professional and business services	6.7	6.3	6.6	4.7	4.1	4.8	4.7	4.1	4.8
Private education and health services	7.3	5.8	5.7	3.6	3.2	3.0	3.2	3.0	2.6
Private educational services	3.9	4.0	3.6	2.5	2.3	2.5	2.2	2.5	2.2
Health care and social assistance	7.8	6.1	6.1	3.8	3.3	3.1	3.4	3.0	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	6.6	5.4	5.8	6.6	5.3	5.0	6.2	5.3	4.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	6.3	5.3	5.0	7.1	5.7	5.9	6.8	5.8	4.9
Accommodation and food services	6.7	5.4	5.9	6.5	5.2	4.9	6.1	5.2	4.4
Other services	6.3	5.3	3.8	3.5	3.7	4.3	3.5	3.9	4.3
Government	4.5	3.6	4.0	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.3
Federal	5.8	4.3	4.1	1.5	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.1
State and local	4.4	3.5	4.0	1.8	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.4
State and local education	3.3	2.2	2.5	1.8	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.4
State and local, excluding education	5.6	4.9	5.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 
separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for 
January 2023, industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 
leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists, and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or 
part-time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that 
time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 
dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings—that is, all filled and unfilled 
jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability, and deaths.
Excluded from separations measures are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; and employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is 
computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 
layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class.

The sampling frame is made up of establishments from two sources: the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 
The QCEW database contains establishments that cover approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in the 
United States. This database is a compilation of administrative data from state unemployment insurance (UI) 
programs and federal government establishments covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal 
Employees (UCFE) program. A frame of railroad establishments is provided by the FRA. This is added to the 
QCEW database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame. 

The JOLTS estimation method involves the following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, item 
nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and death model 
estimation, estimates review and outlier selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and variance estimates. 
Establishment size class levels are also produced. Detailed information about the estimation method can be found in 
the Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through which the JOLTS weighted employment for each estimation cell 
is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells are benchmarked monthly to the current employment level from the BLS 
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked to ensure that JOLTS weighted 
employment is equal to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, many new establishments fail within the first year, referred 
to as a death. Because new and short-lived universe establishments cannot be reflected in the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these establishments 
during their early existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity 
from previous years as collected by the QCEW and projects forward to the present using over-the-year change in the 
CES. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate the amount of churn (meaning the rates of 
hires and separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 
with the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and separations that take place in these 
establishments that cannot be measured through sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations 
produced by the birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 
estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences between the two surveys, as well as sampling and nonsampling errors, historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust again.

Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) is used to 
seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant 
data, up to and including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used 
as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative 
models, as well as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal 
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the issuance of data for 
January. Five years of data are subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 1) benchmarks based on CES 
employment estimates newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal adjustment factors, and 3) any needed 
special adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are 
calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 
monthly CES published employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. Sampling error 
estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Change from: July 2024 - Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Change from: July 2024 - Aug. 2024(p)
Total	9,358	8,230	7,910	7,711	8,040	329	5.6	4.9	4.8	4.6	4.8	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	8,269	7,192	6,894	6,839	7,066	227	5.8	5.1	4.8	4.8	5.0	0.2
Mining and logging	28	26	22	23	25	2	4.1	4.0	3.3	3.6	3.7	0.1
Construction	386	366	299	232	370	138	4.6	4.3	3.5	2.7	4.3	1.6
Manufacturing	601	586	474	505	506	1	4.4	4.3	3.5	3.8	3.8	0.0
Durable goods	382	411	311	340	329	-11	4.5	4.8	3.7	4.0	3.9	-0.1
Nondurable goods	219	175	163	165	177	12	4.4	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.5	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,292	1,047	1,185	1,038	1,130	92	4.3	3.5	3.9	3.4	3.7	0.3
Wholesale trade	207	198	230	184	200	16	3.3	3.1	3.6	2.9	3.1	0.2
Retail trade	656	506	562	563	562	-1	4.0	3.1	3.5	3.5	3.5	0.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	428	344	392	290	367	77	5.7	4.6	5.2	3.9	4.8	0.9
Information	158	137	112	129	140	11	5.0	4.3	3.6	4.1	4.5	0.4
Financial activities	585	467	448	442	390	-52	6.0	4.8	4.6	4.6	4.0	-0.6
Finance and insurance	446	347	326	311	270	-41	6.2	4.9	4.6	4.4	3.8	-0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	140	121	122	131	120	-11	5.3	4.6	4.7	5.0	4.6	-0.4
Professional and business services	1,648	1,512	1,339	1,553	1,618	65	6.7	6.2	5.5	6.3	6.6	0.3
Private education and health services	1,993	1,873	1,791	1,624	1,606	-18	7.3	6.7	6.4	5.8	5.7	-0.1
Private educational services	155	188	173	159	143	-16	3.9	4.7	4.3	4.0	3.6	-0.4
Health care and social assistance	1,839	1,685	1,618	1,465	1,463	-2	7.8	7.0	6.7	6.1	6.1	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,182	900	943	965	1,045	80	6.6	5.1	5.3	5.4	5.8	0.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	170	153	127	150	142	-8	6.3	5.5	4.6	5.3	5.0	-0.3
Accommodation and food services	1,012	746	816	815	903	88	6.7	5.0	5.4	5.4	5.9	0.5
Other services	396	278	280	329	236	-93	6.3	4.5	4.5	5.3	3.8	-1.5
Government	1,089	1,038	1,016	871	974	103	4.5	4.3	4.2	3.6	4.0	0.4
Federal	180	168	109	133	130	-3	5.8	5.3	3.5	4.3	4.1	-0.2
State and local	909	870	908	738	844	106	4.4	4.1	4.3	3.5	4.0	0.5
State and local education	359	266	271	246	275	29	3.3	2.4	2.5	2.2	2.5	0.3
State and local, excluding education	550	604	637	492	570	78	5.6	5.9	6.2	4.9	5.6	0.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,525	1,474	1,460	1,254	1,319	65	5.2	5.0	4.9	4.3	4.5	0.2
South	3,703	3,309	3,108	3,226	3,267	41	5.9	5.3	5.0	5.1	5.2	0.1
Midwest	2,048	1,738	1,685	1,626	1,758	132	5.8	4.9	4.8	4.6	4.9	0.3
West	2,081	1,709	1,657	1,605	1,697	92	5.4	4.4	4.3	4.1	4.4	0.3
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Change from: July 2024 - Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Change from: July 2024 - Aug. 2024(p)
Total	5,888	5,655	5,248	5,416	5,317	-99	3.8	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.3	-0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,494	5,291	4,900	5,068	4,970	-98	4.1	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.7	0.0
Mining and logging	25	19	20	18	18	0	4.0	3.1	3.1	2.8	2.8	0.0
Construction	374	369	323	359	338	-21	4.6	4.5	3.9	4.4	4.1	-0.3
Manufacturing	393	354	336	354	308	-46	3.0	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.4	-0.3
Durable goods	204	213	190	205	176	-29	2.5	2.6	2.3	2.5	2.2	-0.3
Nondurable goods	189	141	146	149	132	-17	3.9	2.9	3.0	3.1	2.7	-0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,132	1,089	1,144	1,139	993	-146	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.4	-0.5
Wholesale trade	151	162	161	151	136	-15	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.2	-0.2
Retail trade	670	648	683	669	579	-90	4.3	4.1	4.4	4.3	3.7	-0.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	310	279	300	319	278	-41	4.4	3.9	4.2	4.4	3.8	-0.6
Information	66	91	79	78	72	-6	2.2	3.0	2.6	2.6	2.4	-0.2
Financial activities	213	226	225	231	219	-12	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.4	-0.1
Finance and insurance	142	140	149	161	157	-4	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	71	86	76	70	63	-7	2.9	3.4	3.0	2.8	2.5	-0.3
Professional and business services	1,076	1,089	962	946	1,109	163	4.7	4.7	4.2	4.1	4.8	0.7
Private education and health services	907	879	846	832	803	-29	3.6	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.0	-0.2
Private educational services	94	92	91	87	96	9	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.5	0.2
Health care and social assistance	813	787	756	745	707	-38	3.8	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.1	-0.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,100	960	767	891	854	-37	6.6	5.7	4.5	5.3	5.0	-0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	180	171	141	151	157	6	7.1	6.4	5.3	5.7	5.9	0.2
Accommodation and food services	920	789	626	740	696	-44	6.5	5.5	4.4	5.2	4.9	-0.3
Other services	207	215	197	221	257	36	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.7	4.3	0.6
Government	394	365	347	347	347	0	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	0.0
Federal	43	35	39	31	35	4	1.5	1.2	1.3	1.0	1.2	0.2
State and local	352	330	308	316	312	-4	1.8	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.5	-0.1
State and local education	190	165	152	162	156	-6	1.8	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.5	0.0
State and local, excluding education	161	165	156	154	156	2	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	939	828	865	920	886	-34	3.4	2.9	3.1	3.3	3.1	-0.2
South	2,561	2,315	2,096	2,057	2,264	207	4.4	3.9	3.5	3.5	3.8	0.3
Midwest	1,192	1,258	1,133	1,207	1,029	-178	3.6	3.7	3.4	3.6	3.0	-0.6
West	1,197	1,254	1,154	1,232	1,139	-93	3.3	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.1	-0.2
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Change from: July 2024 - Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Change from: July 2024 - Aug. 2024(p)
Total	5,609	5,397	5,084	5,314	4,997	-317	3.6	3.4	3.2	3.4	3.1	-0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,277	5,050	4,776	4,972	4,685	-287	3.9	3.7	3.5	3.7	3.5	-0.2
Mining and logging	24	21	20	18	17	-1	3.7	3.3	3.1	2.8	2.6	-0.2
Construction	349	354	282	321	310	-11	4.3	4.3	3.4	3.9	3.7	-0.2
Manufacturing	385	352	348	347	321	-26	3.0	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.5	-0.2
Durable goods	199	211	205	204	194	-10	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.4	-0.1
Nondurable goods	186	142	143	143	127	-16	3.9	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.6	-0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,105	1,075	1,125	1,097	941	-156	3.8	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.2	-0.6
Wholesale trade	147	155	159	140	130	-10	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.3	2.1	-0.2
Retail trade	642	651	691	656	553	-103	4.1	4.2	4.4	4.2	3.5	-0.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	317	269	276	301	258	-43	4.4	3.7	3.8	4.2	3.6	-0.6
Information	67	85	74	92	81	-11	2.2	2.8	2.5	3.1	2.7	-0.4
Financial activities	211	214	209	234	200	-34	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.5	2.2	-0.3
Finance and insurance	138	130	139	167	142	-25	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.5	2.1	-0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	72	84	70	68	59	-9	2.9	3.4	2.8	2.7	2.3	-0.4
Professional and business services	1,086	1,002	973	950	1,099	149	4.7	4.4	4.2	4.1	4.8	0.7
Private education and health services	812	813	720	779	692	-87	3.2	3.1	2.7	3.0	2.6	-0.4
Private educational services	85	97	90	98	87	-11	2.2	2.5	2.3	2.5	2.2	-0.3
Health care and social assistance	727	716	630	681	605	-76	3.4	3.2	2.8	3.0	2.7	-0.3
Leisure and hospitality	1,034	927	832	902	768	-134	6.2	5.5	4.9	5.3	4.5	-0.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	174	156	127	154	132	-22	6.8	5.9	4.8	5.8	4.9	-0.9
Accommodation and food services	861	771	706	747	636	-111	6.1	5.4	5.0	5.2	4.4	-0.8
Other services	204	207	193	233	256	23	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.9	4.3	0.4
Government	332	347	307	343	312	-31	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.5	1.3	-0.2
Federal	32	32	33	31	34	3	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.1
State and local	300	315	274	312	277	-35	1.5	1.6	1.3	1.5	1.4	-0.1
State and local education	150	180	144	155	146	-9	1.4	1.7	1.3	1.4	1.4	0.0
State and local, excluding education	150	135	130	156	131	-25	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	-0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	746	847	813	866	756	-110	2.7	3.0	2.9	3.1	2.7	-0.4
South	2,373	2,077	2,036	2,125	2,055	-70	4.0	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Midwest	1,240	1,123	1,036	1,106	1,082	-24	3.7	3.3	3.1	3.3	3.2	-0.1
West	1,250	1,350	1,198	1,217	1,103	-114	3.4	3.6	3.2	3.3	3.0	-0.3
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Change from: July 2024 - Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Change from: July 2024 - Aug. 2024(p)
Total	3,595	3,403	3,214	3,243	3,084	-159	2.3	2.1	2.0	2.0	1.9	-0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,390	3,192	3,048	3,056	2,909	-147	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.1	-0.2
Mining and logging	16	14	11	10	8	-2	2.5	2.2	1.8	1.6	1.2	-0.4
Construction	160	188	119	137	135	-2	2.0	2.3	1.4	1.7	1.6	-0.1
Manufacturing	226	214	202	222	202	-20	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.6	-0.1
Durable goods	108	129	124	129	130	1	1.3	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6	0.0
Nondurable goods	118	86	79	93	72	-21	2.4	1.8	1.6	1.9	1.5	-0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	733	724	709	687	583	-104	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.0	-0.4
Wholesale trade	97	99	94	83	74	-9	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.2	-0.1
Retail trade	458	478	459	432	382	-50	2.9	3.1	2.9	2.8	2.4	-0.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	179	147	156	172	127	-45	2.5	2.0	2.2	2.4	1.8	-0.6
Information	24	48	36	49	39	-10	0.8	1.6	1.2	1.6	1.3	-0.3
Financial activities	138	117	142	127	115	-12	1.5	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.2	-0.2
Finance and insurance	93	72	98	91	93	2	1.4	1.1	1.4	1.3	1.4	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	46	46	44	36	21	-15	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.5	0.9	-0.6
Professional and business services	611	510	549	495	568	73	2.7	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.5	0.3
Private education and health services	582	594	531	543	517	-26	2.3	2.3	2.0	2.1	2.0	-0.1
Private educational services	50	59	54	62	51	-11	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.3	-0.3
Health care and social assistance	532	536	477	482	466	-16	2.5	2.4	2.1	2.1	2.1	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	785	654	619	642	561	-81	4.7	3.9	3.7	3.8	3.3	-0.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	97	74	69	82	64	-18	3.8	2.8	2.6	3.1	2.4	-0.7
Accommodation and food services	688	580	551	560	497	-63	4.9	4.1	3.9	3.9	3.5	-0.4
Other services	116	128	129	144	181	37	2.0	2.2	2.2	2.4	3.1	0.7
Government	205	211	166	186	175	-11	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.0
Federal	17	15	15	15	17	2	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.1
State and local	189	195	151	171	158	-13	0.9	1.0	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.0
State and local education	84	122	79	90	91	1	0.8	1.1	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.1
State and local, excluding education	104	74	71	81	67	-14	1.1	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7	-0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	417	501	483	462	451	-11	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.6	0.0
South	1,641	1,384	1,360	1,426	1,297	-129	2.8	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.2	-0.2
Midwest	771	720	675	654	656	2	2.3	2.1	2.0	1.9	1.9	0.0
West	766	797	697	700	681	-19	2.1	2.1	1.9	1.9	1.8	-0.1
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Change from: July 2024 - Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Change from: July 2024 - Aug. 2024(p)
Total	1,664	1,678	1,560	1,713	1,608	-105	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	-0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,583	1,595	1,479	1,627	1,530	-97	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Mining and logging	7	6	7	6	7	1	1.0	0.9	1.1	0.9	1.1	0.2
Construction	176	150	145	175	164	-11	2.2	1.8	1.8	2.1	2.0	-0.1
Manufacturing	139	119	124	102	92	-10	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.8	0.7	-0.1
Durable goods	81	68	70	60	46	-14	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.6	-0.1
Nondurable goods	59	50	54	42	47	5	1.2	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	294	296	357	333	313	-20	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.1	0.0
Wholesale trade	31	50	49	50	51	1	0.5	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
Retail trade	149	136	201	169	144	-25	1.0	0.9	1.3	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	115	110	107	114	117	3	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.6	0.0
Information	27	34	34	38	40	2	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.3	0.0
Financial activities	48	83	50	72	76	4	0.5	0.9	0.5	0.8	0.8	0.0
Finance and insurance	27	49	27	46	43	-3	0.4	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.6	-0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	21	34	23	26	33	7	0.9	1.4	0.9	1.0	1.3	0.3
Professional and business services	401	419	394	399	463	64	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.7	2.0	0.3
Private education and health services	190	174	150	185	134	-51	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.5	-0.2
Private educational services	32	32	31	30	30	0	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
Health care and social assistance	158	143	119	155	103	-52	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.5	-0.2
Leisure and hospitality	230	251	171	232	183	-49	1.4	1.5	1.0	1.4	1.1	-0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	74	76	54	68	63	-5	2.9	2.9	2.1	2.5	2.4	-0.1
Accommodation and food services	157	175	116	164	120	-44	1.1	1.2	0.8	1.2	0.8	-0.4
Other services	72	61	46	85	59	-26	1.2	1.0	0.8	1.4	1.0	-0.4
Government	81	84	81	86	78	-8	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	-0.1
Federal	6	7	6	6	6	0	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local	76	77	75	80	72	-8	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local education	45	40	43	37	33	-4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.0
State and local, excluding education	31	37	32	43	39	-4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	247	289	273	346	254	-92	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.9	-0.3
South	597	575	560	577	640	63	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.1
Midwest	420	327	315	374	355	-19	1.3	1.0	0.9	1.1	1.1	0.0
West	401	488	412	416	359	-57	1.1	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Aug. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Change from: July 2024 - Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Change from: July 2024 - Aug. 2024(p)
Total	349	316	310	359	304	-55	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	303	263	249	288	246	-42	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Mining and logging	1	2	2	2	2	0	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.1
Construction	14	15	18	9	11	2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Manufacturing	20	20	21	22	27	5	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Durable goods	10	13	12	14	18	4	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Nondurable goods	10	6	9	8	9	1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	78	55	59	76	45	-31	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Wholesale trade	19	6	15	7	5	-2	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Retail trade	35	37	31	54	27	-27	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	23	12	13	15	13	-2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Information	17	3	4	4	3	-1	0.6	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Financial activities	24	14	17	35	10	-25	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.1	-0.3
Finance and insurance	19	9	14	30	5	-25	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.1	-0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	6	5	3	5	4	-1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Professional and business services	74	72	30	56	68	12	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1
Private education and health services	40	44	38	51	41	-10	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Private educational services	3	7	5	7	5	-2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	37	37	33	45	36	-9	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	20	22	43	27	24	-3	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	6	4	4	5	1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Accommodation and food services	16	16	39	23	19	-4	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Other services	16	18	17	5	17	12	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.2
Government	46	53	61	70	58	-12	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Federal	10	11	12	9	11	2	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.1
State and local	36	42	48	61	47	-14	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
State and local education	21	19	22	29	22	-7	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
State and local, excluding education	15	24	27	32	25	-7	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	82	57	57	58	52	-6	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
South	135	119	117	122	119	-3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Midwest	49	77	47	78	71	-7	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
West	84	65	89	100	62	-38	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Aug. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Change from: July 2024 - Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	May 2024	June 2024	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Change from: July 2024 - Aug. 2024(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	8,269	7,192	6,894	6,839	7,066	227	5.8	5.1	4.8	4.8	5.0	0.2
1 to 9 employees	1,661	1,581	1,497	1,520	1,565	45	7.2	6.5	6.2	6.4	6.3	-0.1
10 to 49 employees	2,197	2,174	2,051	1,913	2,116	203	5.2	4.8	4.5	4.3	4.8	0.5
50 to 249 employees	2,340	1,828	1,784	1,859	1,927	68	5.4	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.7	0.2
250 to 999 employees	1,168	846	846	873	821	-52	6.0	4.7	4.4	4.4	4.3	-0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	612	494	473	431	399	-32	6.8	6.0	5.6	5.2	5.0	-0.2
5,000 or more employees	291	270	243	244	238	-6	6.2	5.4	5.0	5.0	5.0	0.0
HIRES
Total private	5,494	5,291	4,900	5,068	4,970	-98	4.1	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.7	0.0
1 to 9 employees	843	772	792	753	855	102	3.9	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.7	0.3
10 to 49 employees	1,645	1,869	1,650	1,697	1,517	-180	4.1	4.3	3.8	4.0	3.6	-0.4
50 to 249 employees	1,801	1,564	1,451	1,542	1,521	-21	4.4	4.0	3.8	3.9	3.9	0.0
250 to 999 employees	810	671	618	664	679	15	4.4	3.9	3.4	3.5	3.7	0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	314	318	294	319	306	-13	3.7	4.1	3.7	4.1	4.0	-0.1
5,000 or more employees	80	97	95	93	91	-2	1.8	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	0.0
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,277	5,050	4,776	4,972	4,685	-287	3.9	3.7	3.5	3.7	3.5	-0.2
1 to 9 employees	769	832	742	660	667	7	3.6	3.7	3.3	3.0	2.9	-0.1
10 to 49 employees	1,582	1,560	1,600	1,805	1,503	-302	3.9	3.6	3.7	4.3	3.6	-0.7
50 to 249 employees	1,715	1,573	1,455	1,420	1,473	53	4.2	4.0	3.8	3.6	3.7	0.1
250 to 999 employees	823	710	629	725	711	-14	4.5	4.1	3.4	3.8	3.9	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	321	288	278	284	260	-24	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.4	-0.2
5,000 or more employees	67	88	73	77	70	-7	1.5	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.5	-0.2
QUITS
Total private	3,390	3,192	3,048	3,056	2,909	-147	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.1	-0.2
1 to 9 employees	467	457	465	295	388	93	2.2	2.0	2.1	1.3	1.7	0.4
10 to 49 employees	1,055	1,123	1,139	1,183	966	-217	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.8	2.3	-0.5
50 to 249 employees	1,175	1,004	902	969	959	-10	2.9	2.6	2.3	2.5	2.4	-0.1
250 to 999 employees	488	394	347	404	411	7	2.7	2.3	1.9	2.1	2.2	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	161	168	152	159	144	-15	1.9	2.2	1.9	2.0	1.9	-0.1
5,000 or more employees	43	47	43	46	42	-4	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.9	-0.1
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,583	1,595	1,479	1,627	1,530	-97	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	-0.1
1 to 9 employees	198	299	231	312	253	-59	0.9	1.3	1.0	1.4	1.1	-0.3
10 to 49 employees	451	372	377	516	440	-76	1.1	0.9	0.9	1.2	1.0	-0.2
50 to 249 employees	479	499	488	388	450	62	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.0	1.1	0.1
250 to 999 employees	300	290	253	291	271	-20	1.6	1.7	1.4	1.5	1.5	0.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	139	104	109	96	97	1	1.7	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.3	0.1
5,000 or more employees	16	31	21	23	19	-4	0.4	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.4	-0.1
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	303	263	249	288	246	-42	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
1 to 9 employees	104	77	46	52	27	-25	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
10 to 49 employees	76	66	83	106	97	-9	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
50 to 249 employees	61	70	65	63	64	1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
250 to 999 employees	34	25	29	30	30	0	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	20	16	17	29	19	-10	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.2	-0.2
5,000 or more employees	8	10	10	8	10	2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)
Total	9,400	8,378	8,095	5.7	5.0	4.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	8,301	7,429	7,103	5.8	5.2	5.0
Mining and logging	28	24	24	4.1	3.6	3.6
Construction	391	239	376	4.5	2.7	4.2
Manufacturing	623	523	520	4.6	3.9	3.9
Durable goods	391	351	335	4.6	4.1	4.0
Nondurable goods	232	172	185	4.6	3.4	3.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,326	1,199	1,168	4.4	4.0	3.9
Wholesale trade	208	188	191	3.3	2.9	3.0
Retail trade	711	707	617	4.4	4.3	3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	407	304	359	5.5	4.1	4.8
Information	149	136	135	4.7	4.3	4.3
Financial activities	583	507	377	5.9	5.2	3.9
Finance and insurance	429	352	250	6.0	4.9	3.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	154	155	128	5.8	5.7	4.8
Professional and business services	1,659	1,613	1,686	6.7	6.5	6.8
Private education and health services	1,923	1,748	1,527	7.1	6.3	5.5
Private educational services	149	190	132	4.0	5.1	3.5
Health care and social assistance	1,774	1,557	1,394	7.6	6.5	5.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,196	1,072	1,049	6.5	5.7	5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	165	151	134	5.5	4.8	4.4
Accommodation and food services	1,031	921	915	6.6	5.9	5.9
Other services	422	369	241	6.7	5.8	3.9
Government	1,099	948	992	4.8	4.1	4.2
Federal	189	135	134	6.0	4.3	4.3
State and local	910	813	858	4.6	4.1	4.2
State and local education	354	302	275	3.6	3.2	2.8
State and local, excluding education	556	511	583	5.5	4.9	5.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,534	1,397	1,319	5.2	4.7	4.5
South	3,736	3,463	3,274	6.0	5.5	5.2
Midwest	2,037	1,734	1,764	5.8	4.9	5.0
West	2,094	1,784	1,738	5.4	4.6	4.5
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)
Total	6,616	5,958	5,829	4.2	3.8	3.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,899	5,534	5,235	4.4	4.1	3.8
Mining and logging	27	19	19	4.2	3.0	2.9
Construction	384	407	344	4.6	4.8	4.1
Manufacturing	432	404	331	3.3	3.1	2.5
Durable goods	218	229	183	2.7	2.8	2.3
Nondurable goods	215	175	147	4.4	3.6	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,223	1,162	1,041	4.3	4.0	3.6
Wholesale trade	152	162	134	2.5	2.6	2.2
Retail trade	756	701	630	4.9	4.5	4.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	315	299	277	4.5	4.2	3.9
Information	69	84	70	2.3	2.8	2.3
Financial activities	226	277	240	2.4	3.0	2.6
Finance and insurance	155	192	183	2.3	2.8	2.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	71	84	57	2.8	3.3	2.3
Professional and business services	1,069	1,031	1,107	4.7	4.5	4.8
Private education and health services	1,074	945	897	4.3	3.6	3.4
Private educational services	158	112	164	4.4	3.1	4.5
Health care and social assistance	916	834	734	4.2	3.7	3.2
Leisure and hospitality	1,186	954	925	6.9	5.4	5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	144	148	124	5.1	4.9	4.3
Accommodation and food services	1,041	805	801	7.2	5.5	5.5
Other services	209	251	261	3.5	4.2	4.4
Government	717	424	594	3.3	1.9	2.6
Federal	43	32	34	1.5	1.1	1.1
State and local	674	392	560	3.5	2.1	2.9
State and local education	515	216	410	5.4	2.3	4.3
State and local, excluding education	159	176	151	1.7	1.8	1.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	959	1,087	904	3.5	3.9	3.2
South	2,955	2,196	2,577	5.0	3.7	4.3
Midwest	1,346	1,302	1,120	4.1	3.9	3.3
West	1,356	1,372	1,228	3.7	3.7	3.3
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)
Total	6,752	5,864	6,070	4.3	3.7	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,260	5,453	5,602	4.7	4.0	4.1
Mining and logging	27	17	18	4.2	2.7	2.8
Construction	398	358	358	4.8	4.2	4.2
Manufacturing	468	380	396	3.6	2.9	3.1
Durable goods	243	217	245	3.0	2.7	3.0
Nondurable goods	225	163	151	4.6	3.4	3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,333	1,123	1,117	4.6	3.9	3.9
Wholesale trade	168	124	142	2.7	2.0	2.3
Retail trade	830	705	701	5.3	4.5	4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	334	294	274	4.8	4.1	3.9
Information	80	102	93	2.6	3.4	3.1
Financial activities	281	261	286	3.0	2.8	3.1
Finance and insurance	191	181	208	2.8	2.7	3.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	91	80	78	3.6	3.1	3.1
Professional and business services	1,122	1,018	1,172	4.9	4.4	5.1
Private education and health services	926	922	788	3.7	3.5	3.0
Private educational services	139	129	136	3.9	3.6	3.8
Health care and social assistance	787	793	652	3.6	3.5	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	1,373	976	1,049	7.9	5.5	6.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	287	139	232	10.2	4.6	7.9
Accommodation and food services	1,086	837	817	7.5	5.7	5.6
Other services	251	297	325	4.3	5.0	5.4
Government	492	411	468	2.2	1.9	2.1
Federal	34	31	38	1.2	1.0	1.3
State and local	457	380	430	2.4	2.0	2.2
State and local education	242	208	229	2.5	2.3	2.4
State and local, excluding education	216	171	201	2.3	1.7	2.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	933	957	933	3.4	3.4	3.3
South	2,808	2,356	2,448	4.8	4.0	4.1
Midwest	1,480	1,207	1,343	4.5	3.6	4.0
West	1,531	1,345	1,346	4.2	3.6	3.6
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)
Total	4,517	3,723	3,930	2.9	2.4	2.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,225	3,504	3,669	3.1	2.6	2.7
Mining and logging	19	11	9	3.0	1.7	1.4
Construction	206	184	178	2.5	2.2	2.1
Manufacturing	287	252	259	2.2	1.9	2.0
Durable goods	138	141	169	1.7	1.7	2.1
Nondurable goods	149	112	90	3.1	2.3	1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	944	741	742	3.3	2.6	2.6
Wholesale trade	122	71	90	2.0	1.1	1.5
Retail trade	612	484	503	3.9	3.1	3.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	210	186	149	3.0	2.6	2.1
Information	37	59	50	1.2	1.9	1.6
Financial activities	181	137	160	1.9	1.5	1.7
Finance and insurance	125	94	129	1.8	1.4	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	56	43	31	2.2	1.7	1.2
Professional and business services	675	570	645	2.9	2.5	2.8
Private education and health services	675	626	597	2.7	2.4	2.3
Private educational services	76	86	73	2.1	2.4	2.0
Health care and social assistance	599	540	524	2.8	2.4	2.3
Leisure and hospitality	1,063	745	805	6.1	4.2	4.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	165	99	127	5.9	3.3	4.3
Accommodation and food services	897	646	678	6.2	4.4	4.6
Other services	138	178	224	2.3	3.0	3.8
Government	292	219	261	1.3	1.0	1.2
Federal	19	16	19	0.6	0.5	0.6
State and local	273	203	242	1.4	1.1	1.2
State and local education	138	115	148	1.4	1.2	1.5
State and local, excluding education	135	88	94	1.4	0.9	1.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	554	541	592	2.0	1.9	2.1
South	2,032	1,620	1,610	3.5	2.7	2.7
Midwest	985	765	879	3.0	2.3	2.6
West	947	798	848	2.6	2.1	2.3
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)
Total	1,844	1,726	1,796	1.2	1.1	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,699	1,631	1,657	1.3	1.2	1.2
Mining and logging	7	5	7	1.0	0.7	1.1
Construction	177	165	168	2.1	1.9	2.0
Manufacturing	158	102	108	1.2	0.8	0.8
Durable goods	96	60	59	1.2	0.7	0.7
Nondurable goods	63	42	49	1.3	0.9	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	301	304	325	1.0	1.0	1.1
Wholesale trade	26	45	46	0.4	0.7	0.7
Retail trade	174	166	167	1.1	1.1	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	101	92	112	1.4	1.3	1.6
Information	26	39	41	0.8	1.3	1.4
Financial activities	66	88	109	0.7	0.9	1.2
Finance and insurance	38	58	66	0.6	0.9	1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	29	30	43	1.1	1.2	1.7
Professional and business services	370	379	448	1.6	1.6	1.9
Private education and health services	211	235	150	0.8	0.9	0.6
Private educational services	59	33	56	1.7	0.9	1.6
Health care and social assistance	151	202	94	0.7	0.9	0.4
Leisure and hospitality	287	203	217	1.7	1.1	1.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	117	36	97	4.2	1.2	3.3
Accommodation and food services	170	167	120	1.2	1.1	0.8
Other services	96	113	83	1.6	1.9	1.4
Government	145	95	139	0.7	0.4	0.6
Federal	5	6	6	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local	140	89	133	0.7	0.5	0.7
State and local education	76	46	52	0.8	0.5	0.5
State and local, excluding education	64	43	81	0.7	0.4	0.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	290	355	281	1.0	1.3	1.0
South	616	608	696	1.1	1.0	1.2
Midwest	438	349	384	1.3	1.0	1.1
West	499	414	436	1.4	1.1	1.2
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)
Total	391	415	345	0.3	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	336	318	277	0.3	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	1	2	2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Construction	16	10	13	0.2	0.1	0.1
Manufacturing	22	25	29	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	9	16	17	0.1	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	13	9	12	0.3	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	88	78	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Wholesale trade	20	8	5	0.3	0.1	0.1
Retail trade	44	54	32	0.3	0.3	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	24	15	13	0.3	0.2	0.2
Information	17	4	2	0.6	0.1	0.1
Financial activities	34	36	17	0.4	0.4	0.2
Finance and insurance	29	30	13	0.4	0.4	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	6	6	4	0.2	0.2	0.2
Professional and business services	77	69	79	0.3	0.3	0.3
Private education and health services	40	61	41	0.2	0.2	0.2
Private educational services	4	10	7	0.1	0.3	0.2
Health care and social assistance	36	51	34	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	23	28	27	0.1	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	5	4	8	0.2	0.1	0.3
Accommodation and food services	19	24	19	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other services	17	5	17	0.3	0.1	0.3
Government	55	97	68	0.2	0.4	0.3
Federal	10	9	13	0.4	0.3	0.4
State and local	44	88	55	0.2	0.5	0.3
State and local education	27	48	29	0.3	0.5	0.3
State and local, excluding education	17	40	26	0.2	0.4	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	89	62	60	0.3	0.2	0.2
South	162	127	143	0.3	0.2	0.2
Midwest	56	93	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
West	84	133	62	0.2	0.4	0.2
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)	Aug. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	8,301	7,429	7,103	5.8	5.2	5.0
1 to 9 employees	1,571	1,781	1,496	6.8	7.3	6.1
10 to 49 employees	2,247	2,092	2,166	5.3	4.7	4.8
50 to 249 employees	2,418	1,995	2,018	5.6	4.8	4.8
250 to 999 employees	1,169	899	813	5.9	4.5	4.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	612	418	373	6.7	5.0	4.6
5,000 or more employees	284	245	237	6.1	5.0	4.9
HIRES
Total private	5,899	5,534	5,235	4.4	4.1	3.8
1 to 9 employees	806	868	815	3.7	3.9	3.5
10 to 49 employees	1,784	1,882	1,602	4.4	4.4	3.8
50 to 249 employees	1,998	1,639	1,650	4.9	4.1	4.2
250 to 999 employees	880	698	745	4.7	3.7	4.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	335	331	319	4.0	4.2	4.2
5,000 or more employees	96	117	103	2.2	2.5	2.2
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	6,260	5,453	5,602	4.7	4.0	4.1
1 to 9 employees	863	842	730	4.0	3.8	3.1
10 to 49 employees	1,909	2,006	1,787	4.7	4.7	4.2
50 to 249 employees	2,117	1,487	1,876	5.2	3.8	4.7
250 to 999 employees	930	747	827	5.0	3.9	4.5
1,000 to 4,999 employees	358	286	295	4.2	3.6	3.8
5,000 or more employees	84	85	88	1.9	1.8	1.9
QUITS
Total private	4,225	3,504	3,669	3.1	2.6	2.7
1 to 9 employees	564	406	474	2.6	1.8	2.0
10 to 49 employees	1,344	1,380	1,198	3.3	3.2	2.8
50 to 249 employees	1,482	1,056	1,256	3.6	2.7	3.2
250 to 999 employees	585	440	513	3.2	2.3	2.8
1,000 to 4,999 employees	198	170	178	2.3	2.2	2.3
5,000 or more employees	52	52	50	1.2	1.1	1.1
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,699	1,631	1,657	1.3	1.2	1.2
1 to 9 employees	168	367	219	0.8	1.6	0.9
10 to 49 employees	491	514	487	1.2	1.2	1.1
50 to 249 employees	566	366	544	1.4	0.9	1.4
250 to 999 employees	310	280	281	1.7	1.5	1.5
1,000 to 4,999 employees	139	80	96	1.6	1.0	1.3
5,000 or more employees	24	25	29	0.6	0.5	0.6
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	336	318	277	0.3	0.2	0.2
1 to 9 employees	131	69	37	0.6	0.3	0.2
10 to 49 employees	74	113	102	0.2	0.3	0.2
50 to 249 employees	69	65	76	0.2	0.2	0.2
250 to 999 employees	35	28	33	0.2	0.1	0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	21	35	21	0.2	0.4	0.3
5,000 or more employees	7	8	9	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.