Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, February 4, 2025   USDL-25-0130
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                             JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – DECEMBER 2024

The number of job openings decreased to 7.6 million on the last business day of December, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and total separations were little 
changed at 5.5 million and 5.3 million, respectively. Within separations, quits (3.2 million) and layoffs 
and discharges (1.8 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job 
openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by establishment size 
class. 
       
Job Openings

The number of job openings decreased to 7.6 million (-556,000) on the last business day of December 
and was down by 1.3 million over the year. The job openings rate, at 4.5 percent, decreased over the 
month. The number of job openings decreased in professional and business services (-225,000), health 
care and social assistance (-180,000), and finance and insurance (-136,000). Job openings increased in 
arts, entertainment, and recreation (+65,000). (See table 1.)

Hires

In December, the number of hires changed little at 5.5 million but was down by 325,000 over the year. 
The hires rate remained unchanged at 3.4 percent over the month. Hires increased in finance and 
insurance (+48,000). (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations in December was little changed at 5.3 million. The total separations 
rate remained unchanged at 3.3 percent over the month. (See table 3.)

In December, the number of quits was little changed at 3.2 million but declined by 242,000 over the 
year. Over the month, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.0 percent. Quits decreased in transportation, 
warehousing, and utilities (-42,000). (See table 4.)

In December, the number of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.8 million. The rate remained 
unchanged at 1.1 percent. Layoffs and discharges increased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities 
(+87,000), and in mining and logging (+6,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was essentially unchanged at 302,000 in December. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In December, establishments with 1 to 9 employees showed little or no change in job openings, hires, 
total separations, quits, and layoffs and discharges rates. For establishments with 5,000 or more 
employees, the layoffs and discharges rate and total separations rate increased, while the job openings, 
hires, and quits rates showed little or no change. (See table 7.)

November 2024 Revisions

The number of job openings for November was revised up by 58,000 to 8.2 million, the number of hires 
was revised up by 104,000 to 5.4 million, and the number of total separations was revised up by 105,000 
to 5.2 million. Within separations, the number of quits was revised up by 65,000 to 3.1 million, and the 
number of layoffs and discharges was revised up by 35,000 to 1.8 million. (Monthly revisions result 
from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published 
estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for January 2025 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, March 11, 2025, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

______________________________________________________________________________________________________                         
|                         Upcoming Revisions to the JOLTS Estimates                                   |
|                                                                                                     |
|As part of its regular annual process, the release of January 2025 estimates on March 11, 2025, will | 
|incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the     | 
|JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. Unadjusted data and seasonally adjusted data from January 2020    |
|forward are subject to revision.                                                                     |
|_____________________________________________________________________________________________________|


    

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	8,889	8,156	7,600	5,787	5,373	5,462	5,419	5,231	5,269
Total private	7,884	7,268	6,720	5,384	5,023	5,092	5,060	4,914	4,930
Mining and logging	32	23	20	18	21	22	19	21	26
Construction	434	272	217	357	325	301	335	315	279
Manufacturing	586	439	428	371	307	308	364	318	322
Durable goods	408	289	295	199	158	161	192	164	176
Nondurable goods	179	150	133	172	149	148	172	153	146
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,318	987	1,045	1,110	1,082	1,102	1,058	1,069	1,120
Wholesale trade	230	157	157	180	147	128	173	140	139
Retail trade	710	534	553	628	611	656	584	605	616
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	378	296	334	302	323	319	300	324	366
Information	177	117	104	83	79	77	67	83	76
Financial activities	482	585	419	209	182	233	203	190	218
Finance and insurance	317	427	291	123	113	161	124	120	148
Real estate and rental and leasing	165	158	128	86	70	72	80	69	70
Professional and business services	1,579	1,791	1,566	1,086	986	997	1,054	1,040	971
Private education and health services	1,956	1,745	1,551	872	846	872	755	728	791
Private educational services	173	180	167	100	93	99	86	86	89
Health care and social assistance	1,783	1,564	1,384	772	753	773	669	642	702
Leisure and hospitality	1,003	1,025	1,092	1,068	975	942	1,003	937	900
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	157	115	180	185	186	154	158	156	148
Accommodation and food services	847	910	912	883	790	788	845	781	751
Other services	316	284	278	210	220	237	202	215	228
Government	1,005	889	880	403	350	370	360	318	340
Federal	166	128	140	43	30	30	39	28	26
State and local	838	761	740	361	320	340	321	290	314
State and local education	280	261	267	180	168	176	164	152	166
State and local, excluding education	558	500	473	181	153	165	156	138	147
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	5.3	4.9	4.5	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.3
Total private	5.5	5.1	4.7	4.0	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.6
Mining and logging	4.7	3.4	3.1	2.8	3.3	3.5	2.9	3.3	4.0
Construction	5.1	3.2	2.5	4.4	3.9	3.6	4.1	3.8	3.4
Manufacturing	4.3	3.3	3.2	2.9	2.4	2.4	2.8	2.5	2.5
Durable goods	4.8	3.5	3.5	2.4	2.0	2.0	2.4	2.0	2.2
Nondurable goods	3.6	3.0	2.7	3.6	3.1	3.1	3.6	3.2	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.4	3.3	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.9
Wholesale trade	3.6	2.5	2.5	2.9	2.4	2.1	2.8	2.3	2.2
Retail trade	4.4	3.3	3.4	4.0	3.9	4.2	3.7	3.9	3.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	5.0	3.9	4.4	4.2	4.5	4.4	4.2	4.5	5.1
Information	5.5	3.8	3.3	2.8	2.6	2.6	2.2	2.8	2.5
Financial activities	5.0	5.9	4.3	2.3	2.0	2.5	2.2	2.0	2.3
Finance and insurance	4.5	5.9	4.1	1.8	1.7	2.4	1.8	1.8	2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	6.2	5.9	4.8	3.4	2.8	2.9	3.2	2.8	2.8
Professional and business services	6.5	7.2	6.4	4.7	4.3	4.3	4.6	4.5	4.2
Private education and health services	7.0	6.1	5.5	3.4	3.2	3.3	2.9	2.7	3.0
Private educational services	4.3	4.4	4.1	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.2	2.2	2.3
Health care and social assistance	7.5	6.4	5.7	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.0	2.8	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	5.6	5.7	6.0	6.4	5.7	5.5	6.0	5.5	5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	5.7	4.1	6.3	7.1	6.9	5.7	6.1	5.8	5.5
Accommodation and food services	5.6	6.0	6.0	6.2	5.5	5.5	5.9	5.4	5.2
Other services	5.1	4.6	4.5	3.6	3.7	4.0	3.4	3.6	3.8
Government	4.2	3.6	3.6	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.4
Federal	5.3	4.1	4.4	1.4	1.0	1.0	1.3	0.9	0.9
State and local	4.0	3.6	3.5	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.5
State and local education	2.6	2.4	2.4	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.5
State and local, excluding education	5.6	4.9	4.6	1.9	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.4	1.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 
separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for 
January 2023, industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 
leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists, and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or 
part-time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that 
time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 
dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings—that is, all filled and unfilled 
jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability, and deaths.
Excluded from separations measures are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; and employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is 
computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 
layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class.

The sampling frame is made up of establishments from two sources: the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 
The QCEW database contains establishments that cover approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in the 
United States. This database is a compilation of administrative data from state unemployment insurance (UI) 
programs and federal government establishments covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal 
Employees (UCFE) program. A frame of railroad establishments is provided by the FRA. This is added to the 
QCEW database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame. 

The JOLTS estimation method involves the following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, item 
nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and death model 
estimation, estimates review and outlier selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and variance estimates. 
Establishment size class levels are also produced. Detailed information about the estimation method can be found in 
the Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through which the JOLTS weighted employment for each estimation cell 
is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells are benchmarked monthly to the current employment level from the BLS 
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked to ensure that JOLTS weighted 
employment is equal to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, many new establishments fail within the first year, referred 
to as a death. Because new and short-lived universe establishments cannot be reflected in the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these establishments 
during their early existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity 
from previous years as collected by the QCEW and projects forward to the present using over-the-year change in the 
CES. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate the amount of churn (meaning the rates of 
hires and separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 
with the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and separations that take place in these 
establishments that cannot be measured through sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations 
produced by the birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 
estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences between the two surveys, as well as sampling and nonsampling errors, historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust again.

Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) is used to 
seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant 
data, up to and including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used 
as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative 
models, as well as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal 
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the issuance of data for 
January. Five years of data are subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 1) benchmarks based on CES 
employment estimates newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal adjustment factors, and 3) any needed 
special adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are 
calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 
monthly CES published employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. Sampling error 
estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)
Total	8,889	7,372	7,839	8,156	7,600	-556	5.3	4.4	4.7	4.9	4.5	-0.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	7,884	6,501	6,949	7,268	6,720	-548	5.5	4.6	4.9	5.1	4.7	-0.4
Mining and logging	32	26	26	23	20	-3	4.7	3.9	4.0	3.4	3.1	-0.3
Construction	434	258	259	272	217	-55	5.1	3.0	3.0	3.2	2.5	-0.7
Manufacturing	586	478	468	439	428	-11	4.3	3.6	3.5	3.3	3.2	-0.1
Durable goods	408	321	318	289	295	6	4.8	3.8	3.8	3.5	3.5	0.0
Nondurable goods	179	156	150	150	133	-17	3.6	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.7	-0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,318	983	1,000	987	1,045	58	4.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.5	0.2
Wholesale trade	230	181	140	157	157	0	3.6	2.8	2.2	2.5	2.5	0.0
Retail trade	710	516	537	534	553	19	4.4	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.4	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	378	287	323	296	334	38	5.0	3.8	4.3	3.9	4.4	0.5
Information	177	121	210	117	104	-13	5.5	3.9	6.6	3.8	3.3	-0.5
Financial activities	482	429	455	585	419	-166	5.0	4.4	4.7	5.9	4.3	-1.6
Finance and insurance	317	310	305	427	291	-136	4.5	4.4	4.3	5.9	4.1	-1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	165	119	149	158	128	-30	6.2	4.5	5.6	5.9	4.8	-1.1
Professional and business services	1,579	1,441	1,612	1,791	1,566	-225	6.5	5.9	6.6	7.2	6.4	-0.8
Private education and health services	1,956	1,473	1,598	1,745	1,551	-194	7.0	5.3	5.7	6.1	5.5	-0.6
Private educational services	173	162	146	180	167	-13	4.3	4.0	3.6	4.4	4.1	-0.3
Health care and social assistance	1,783	1,311	1,452	1,564	1,384	-180	7.5	5.5	6.0	6.4	5.7	-0.7
Leisure and hospitality	1,003	986	1,051	1,025	1,092	67	5.6	5.5	5.8	5.7	6.0	0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	157	120	102	115	180	65	5.7	4.3	3.7	4.1	6.3	2.2
Accommodation and food services	847	867	950	910	912	2	5.6	5.7	6.2	6.0	6.0	0.0
Other services	316	306	270	284	278	-6	5.1	4.9	4.4	4.6	4.5	-0.1
Government	1,005	871	890	889	880	-9	4.2	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.6	0.0
Federal	166	141	143	128	140	12	5.3	4.5	4.6	4.1	4.4	0.3
State and local	838	730	747	761	740	-21	4.0	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.5	-0.1
State and local education	280	266	258	261	267	6	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.4	0.0
State and local, excluding education	558	464	489	500	473	-27	5.6	4.6	4.8	4.9	4.6	-0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,512	1,404	1,207	1,360	1,344	-16	5.1	4.7	4.1	4.6	4.5	-0.1
South	3,504	2,707	3,215	3,362	3,076	-286	5.6	4.3	5.1	5.3	4.9	-0.4
Midwest	1,963	1,681	1,735	1,686	1,681	-5	5.5	4.7	4.9	4.7	4.7	0.0
West	1,909	1,580	1,682	1,748	1,498	-250	4.9	4.1	4.3	4.5	3.9	-0.6
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)
Total	5,787	5,582	5,394	5,373	5,462	89	3.7	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.4	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,384	5,221	5,029	5,023	5,092	69	4.0	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.7	0.0
Mining and logging	18	22	21	21	22	1	2.8	3.4	3.2	3.3	3.5	0.2
Construction	357	335	320	325	301	-24	4.4	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.6	-0.3
Manufacturing	371	358	328	307	308	1	2.9	2.8	2.5	2.4	2.4	0.0
Durable goods	199	200	168	158	161	3	2.4	2.5	2.1	2.0	2.0	0.0
Nondurable goods	172	158	160	149	148	-1	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.1	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,110	1,059	1,095	1,082	1,102	20	3.8	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.8	0.1
Wholesale trade	180	136	144	147	128	-19	2.9	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.1	-0.3
Retail trade	628	623	644	611	656	45	4.0	4.0	4.1	3.9	4.2	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	302	300	306	323	319	-4	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.5	4.4	-0.1
Information	83	79	71	79	77	-2	2.8	2.6	2.4	2.6	2.6	0.0
Financial activities	209	213	187	182	233	51	2.3	2.3	2.0	2.0	2.5	0.5
Finance and insurance	123	146	118	113	161	48	1.8	2.2	1.7	1.7	2.4	0.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	86	67	69	70	72	2	3.4	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.9	0.1
Professional and business services	1,086	1,063	1,010	986	997	11	4.7	4.6	4.4	4.3	4.3	0.0
Private education and health services	872	872	853	846	872	26	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.3	0.1
Private educational services	100	108	81	93	99	6	2.6	2.8	2.1	2.4	2.5	0.1
Health care and social assistance	772	764	771	753	773	20	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.4	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,068	962	893	975	942	-33	6.4	5.7	5.2	5.7	5.5	-0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	185	174	177	186	154	-32	7.1	6.6	6.6	6.9	5.7	-1.2
Accommodation and food services	883	788	716	790	788	-2	6.2	5.5	5.0	5.5	5.5	0.0
Other services	210	257	253	220	237	17	3.6	4.3	4.3	3.7	4.0	0.3
Government	403	361	365	350	370	20	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.6	0.1
Federal	43	33	30	30	30	0	1.4	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
State and local	361	328	336	320	340	20	1.8	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.7	0.1
State and local education	180	165	171	168	176	8	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6	0.0
State and local, excluding education	181	163	164	153	165	12	1.9	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7	0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	852	867	858	878	894	16	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.2	0.1
South	2,557	2,270	2,215	2,092	2,114	22	4.3	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.5	0.0
Midwest	1,127	1,193	1,147	1,183	1,182	-1	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.5	0.0
West	1,251	1,251	1,173	1,220	1,271	51	3.4	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.4	0.1
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)
Total	5,419	5,196	5,306	5,231	5,269	38	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.3	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,060	4,884	4,991	4,914	4,930	16	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.6	0.0
Mining and logging	19	20	20	21	26	5	2.9	3.2	3.2	3.3	4.0	0.7
Construction	335	310	312	315	279	-36	4.1	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.4	-0.4
Manufacturing	364	373	343	318	322	4	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.5	2.5	0.0
Durable goods	192	215	175	164	176	12	2.4	2.7	2.2	2.0	2.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	172	158	168	153	146	-7	3.6	3.3	3.5	3.2	3.0	-0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,058	981	1,054	1,069	1,120	51	3.7	3.4	3.6	3.7	3.9	0.2
Wholesale trade	173	137	140	140	139	-1	2.8	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2	-0.1
Retail trade	584	573	615	605	616	11	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.9	3.9	0.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	300	271	298	324	366	42	4.2	3.8	4.1	4.5	5.1	0.6
Information	67	83	79	83	76	-7	2.2	2.8	2.6	2.8	2.5	-0.3
Financial activities	203	211	196	190	218	28	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.0	2.3	0.3
Finance and insurance	124	145	131	120	148	28	1.8	2.1	1.9	1.8	2.2	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	80	67	65	69	70	1	3.2	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.8	0.0
Professional and business services	1,054	1,061	1,053	1,040	971	-69	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.2	-0.3
Private education and health services	755	747	782	728	791	63	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.7	3.0	0.3
Private educational services	86	95	85	86	89	3	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.2	2.3	0.1
Health care and social assistance	669	652	696	642	702	60	3.0	2.9	3.1	2.8	3.1	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	1,003	863	911	937	900	-37	6.0	5.1	5.4	5.5	5.3	-0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	158	185	171	156	148	-8	6.1	7.0	6.4	5.8	5.5	-0.3
Accommodation and food services	845	678	740	781	751	-30	5.9	4.7	5.2	5.4	5.2	-0.2
Other services	202	235	242	215	228	13	3.4	4.0	4.1	3.6	3.8	0.2
Government	360	311	315	318	340	22	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.4	0.0
Federal	39	31	30	28	26	-2	1.3	1.0	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.0
State and local	321	281	285	290	314	24	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.5	0.1
State and local education	164	142	150	152	166	14	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.5	0.1
State and local, excluding education	156	139	135	138	147	9	1.7	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.5	0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	830	870	768	757	825	68	3.0	3.1	2.7	2.7	2.9	0.2
South	2,215	2,117	2,109	2,005	2,128	123	3.8	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.6	0.2
Midwest	1,132	1,106	1,145	1,134	1,137	3	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.4	0.1
West	1,243	1,102	1,283	1,336	1,179	-157	3.4	3.0	3.4	3.6	3.2	-0.4
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)
Total	3,439	3,098	3,283	3,130	3,197	67	2.2	1.9	2.1	2.0	2.0	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,237	2,917	3,105	2,947	3,001	54	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2	0.0
Mining and logging	11	12	11	11	10	-1	1.8	2.0	1.8	1.7	1.5	-0.2
Construction	149	125	143	143	117	-26	1.8	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.4	-0.3
Manufacturing	233	200	204	179	191	12	1.8	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.5	0.1
Durable goods	123	112	110	96	108	12	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.3	0.1
Nondurable goods	110	88	94	83	83	0	2.3	1.8	2.0	1.7	1.7	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	684	637	645	700	644	-56	2.4	2.2	2.2	2.4	2.2	-0.2
Wholesale trade	122	77	81	87	85	-2	2.0	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.4	0.0
Retail trade	408	420	394	409	396	-13	2.6	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.5	-0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	154	139	169	204	162	-42	2.2	1.9	2.3	2.8	2.2	-0.6
Information	28	29	36	36	38	2	0.9	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.3	0.1
Financial activities	134	127	114	114	134	20	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.4	0.2
Finance and insurance	83	87	69	78	95	17	1.2	1.3	1.0	1.1	1.4	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	52	40	45	36	40	4	2.1	1.6	1.8	1.4	1.6	0.2
Professional and business services	594	513	530	525	549	24	2.6	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.4	0.1
Private education and health services	540	518	534	495	533	38	2.1	1.9	2.0	1.9	2.0	0.1
Private educational services	62	45	50	56	56	0	1.6	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.4	0.0
Health care and social assistance	478	473	484	439	477	38	2.2	2.1	2.1	1.9	2.1	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	738	610	709	589	608	19	4.4	3.6	4.2	3.5	3.6	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	77	81	78	60	62	2	3.0	3.1	2.9	2.2	2.3	0.1
Accommodation and food services	660	529	631	529	547	18	4.6	3.7	4.4	3.7	3.8	0.1
Other services	125	145	178	155	176	21	2.1	2.4	3.0	2.6	3.0	0.4
Government	203	181	179	183	196	13	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
Federal	18	14	15	14	12	-2	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	-0.1
State and local	185	166	164	170	185	15	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.1
State and local education	101	81	92	93	101	8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.0
State and local, excluding education	84	85	72	77	84	7	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	510	497	438	397	442	45	1.8	1.8	1.5	1.4	1.6	0.2
South	1,493	1,316	1,314	1,300	1,345	45	2.5	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	0.0
Midwest	698	658	747	679	667	-12	2.1	1.9	2.2	2.0	2.0	0.0
West	738	628	784	753	743	-10	2.0	1.7	2.1	2.0	2.0	0.0
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)
Total	1,607	1,802	1,748	1,800	1,771	-29	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,508	1,727	1,662	1,719	1,688	-31	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.2	-0.1
Mining and logging	5	6	7	8	14	6	0.8	0.9	1.2	1.2	2.3	1.1
Construction	173	170	156	144	147	3	2.1	2.0	1.9	1.7	1.8	0.1
Manufacturing	110	154	116	123	109	-14	0.8	1.2	0.9	1.0	0.8	-0.2
Durable goods	56	92	53	60	55	-5	0.7	1.1	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.0
Nondurable goods	54	61	64	63	54	-9	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.1	-0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	318	312	368	332	431	99	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.1	1.5	0.4
Wholesale trade	43	48	46	48	46	-2	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7	-0.1
Retail trade	142	142	202	179	195	16	0.9	0.9	1.3	1.1	1.2	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	133	121	120	104	191	87	1.9	1.7	1.7	1.4	2.6	1.2
Information	32	42	38	42	30	-12	1.1	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.0	-0.4
Financial activities	48	56	53	57	61	4	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.1
Finance and insurance	27	32	42	24	34	10	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	22	24	11	32	27	-5	0.9	0.9	0.4	1.3	1.1	-0.2
Professional and business services	361	487	476	450	384	-66	1.6	2.1	2.1	2.0	1.7	-0.3
Private education and health services	161	189	195	184	201	17	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.0
Private educational services	20	45	30	27	27	0	0.5	1.2	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.0
Health care and social assistance	141	144	165	157	174	17	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	239	238	192	324	263	-61	1.4	1.4	1.1	1.9	1.5	-0.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	75	100	88	93	83	-10	2.9	3.8	3.3	3.5	3.1	-0.4
Accommodation and food services	163	138	103	232	180	-52	1.1	1.0	0.7	1.6	1.3	-0.3
Other services	61	74	61	53	48	-5	1.0	1.2	1.0	0.9	0.8	-0.1
Government	99	75	85	81	83	2	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.1
Federal	8	5	6	5	5	0	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local	90	69	80	76	78	2	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local education	44	40	44	41	43	2	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local, excluding education	46	29	36	35	35	0	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	245	325	274	299	332	33	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.2	0.1
South	589	694	699	586	671	85	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.1	0.1
Midwest	358	387	340	391	406	15	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.2	0.0
West	415	396	435	524	362	-162	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.4	1.0	-0.4
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)
Total	373	296	275	301	302	1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	315	240	224	248	241	-7	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Mining and logging	2	2	2	2	2	0	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.0
Construction	13	14	13	28	15	-13	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Manufacturing	21	20	23	15	22	7	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Durable goods	12	12	12	8	13	5	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods	9	9	10	7	9	2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	55	33	40	37	45	8	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wholesale trade	8	12	13	5	8	3	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Retail trade	35	11	19	17	25	8	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	13	11	9	15	13	-2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Information	6	12	5	5	8	3	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Financial activities	21	29	29	19	23	4	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
Finance and insurance	14	25	20	18	19	1	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	7	3	9	1	3	2	0.3	0.1	0.4	0.0	0.1	0.1
Professional and business services	99	60	47	64	38	-26	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Private education and health services	54	40	52	49	57	8	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Private educational services	3	5	5	2	6	4	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health care and social assistance	50	35	47	46	51	5	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	27	14	11	23	28	5	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	5	3	4	3	4	1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Accommodation and food services	21	11	6	20	24	4	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other services	17	16	3	7	3	-4	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Government	58	56	51	53	61	8	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
Federal	12	11	9	9	10	1	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0
State and local	46	45	41	44	51	7	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local education	19	20	14	17	23	6	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local, excluding education	27	25	27	27	28	1	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	76	48	56	60	51	-9	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
South	133	107	96	119	112	-7	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Midwest	75	62	59	64	63	-1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
West	89	79	64	58	75	17	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Change from: Nov. 2024 - Dec. 2024(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	7,884	6,501	6,949	7,268	6,720	-548	5.5	4.6	4.9	5.1	4.7	-0.4
1 to 9 employees	1,885	1,164	1,511	1,632	1,537	-95	7.7	5.5	6.5	6.9	6.6	-0.3
10 to 49 employees	2,070	2,086	2,130	2,220	1,983	-237	4.8	4.6	4.7	5.0	4.3	-0.7
50 to 249 employees	2,068	1,797	1,902	1,927	1,810	-117	5.1	4.3	4.6	4.7	4.5	-0.2
250 to 999 employees	1,018	786	748	809	806	-3	5.1	3.9	3.9	4.1	4.1	0.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	577	445	452	453	391	-62	6.1	4.8	4.9	4.9	4.4	-0.5
5,000 or more employees	266	223	206	225	191	-34	5.6	4.4	4.4	4.6	4.1	-0.5
HIRES
Total private	5,384	5,221	5,029	5,023	5,092	69	4.0	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.7	0.0
1 to 9 employees	981	846	775	736	747	11	4.3	4.3	3.6	3.4	3.4	0.0
10 to 49 employees	1,600	1,700	1,640	1,705	1,840	135	3.9	4.0	3.8	4.0	4.2	0.2
50 to 249 employees	1,681	1,608	1,614	1,548	1,547	-1	4.4	4.0	4.1	4.0	4.0	0.0
250 to 999 employees	735	663	640	675	615	-60	3.9	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.3	-0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	306	319	288	285	267	-18	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.2	3.1	-0.1
5,000 or more employees	82	85	72	73	75	2	1.8	1.8	1.6	1.5	1.7	0.2
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,060	4,884	4,991	4,914	4,930	16	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.6	0.0
1 to 9 employees	745	663	775	755	633	-122	3.3	3.3	3.6	3.4	2.9	-0.5
10 to 49 employees	1,622	1,704	1,618	1,565	1,702	137	4.0	4.0	3.8	3.7	3.9	0.2
50 to 249 employees	1,596	1,505	1,594	1,622	1,617	-5	4.2	3.8	4.1	4.2	4.2	0.0
250 to 999 employees	728	649	648	617	624	7	3.8	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.3	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	308	295	298	289	277	-12	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.2	-0.1
5,000 or more employees	60	70	59	66	77	11	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.7	0.3
QUITS
Total private	3,237	2,917	3,105	2,947	3,001	54	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2	0.0
1 to 9 employees	483	354	372	432	335	-97	2.1	1.8	1.7	2.0	1.5	-0.5
10 to 49 employees	1,076	1,136	1,114	962	1,089	127	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.3	2.5	0.2
50 to 249 employees	1,051	853	1,046	980	1,027	47	2.8	2.1	2.7	2.5	2.7	0.2
250 to 999 employees	424	369	379	369	369	0	2.2	1.9	2.1	1.9	2.0	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	164	164	159	165	142	-23	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.7	-0.2
5,000 or more employees	40	42	35	39	38	-1	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,508	1,727	1,662	1,719	1,688	-31	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.2	-0.1
1 to 9 employees	179	292	375	249	275	26	0.8	1.5	1.7	1.1	1.3	0.2
10 to 49 employees	445	486	446	547	519	-28	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.3	1.2	-0.1
50 to 249 employees	480	580	477	575	521	-54	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	-0.1
250 to 999 employees	268	246	229	218	228	10	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.2	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	123	106	120	111	116	5	1.4	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.3	0.0
5,000 or more employees	14	17	16	18	30	12	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.7	0.3
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	315	240	224	248	241	-7	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
1 to 9 employees	83	17	28	73	23	-50	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1	-0.2
10 to 49 employees	101	82	58	56	93	37	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
50 to 249 employees	65	72	71	67	70	3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
250 to 999 employees	37	33	39	31	28	-3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	22	25	19	13	19	6	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
5,000 or more employees	7	10	8	8	9	1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)
Total	8,344	7,713	7,134	5.0	4.6	4.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	7,364	6,841	6,280	5.2	4.8	4.4
Mining and logging	33	23	21	4.9	3.4	3.2
Construction	384	238	165	4.6	2.8	2.0
Manufacturing	570	436	412	4.2	3.3	3.1
Durable goods	404	288	291	4.7	3.4	3.5
Nondurable goods	166	148	122	3.3	3.0	2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,260	900	1,026	4.1	3.0	3.3
Wholesale trade	203	148	143	3.2	2.3	2.2
Retail trade	682	465	535	4.1	2.8	3.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	375	288	349	4.8	3.7	4.4
Information	179	111	104	5.6	3.6	3.3
Financial activities	457	549	392	4.7	5.6	4.0
Finance and insurance	304	414	271	4.3	5.8	3.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	153	136	121	5.8	5.1	4.6
Professional and business services	1,493	1,716	1,507	6.1	6.9	6.1
Private education and health services	1,895	1,660	1,483	6.8	5.8	5.2
Private educational services	144	173	139	3.5	4.1	3.4
Health care and social assistance	1,752	1,486	1,344	7.4	6.1	5.5
Leisure and hospitality	829	936	930	4.8	5.3	5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	106	80	129	4.2	3.1	4.8
Accommodation and food services	723	856	801	4.9	5.7	5.3
Other services	263	272	240	4.3	4.4	3.9
Government	980	872	854	4.0	3.5	3.5
Federal	155	128	132	5.0	4.1	4.2
State and local	825	744	723	3.9	3.4	3.4
State and local education	259	244	249	2.3	2.1	2.2
State and local, excluding education	566	500	473	5.7	4.9	4.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,435	1,275	1,286	4.9	4.3	4.3
South	3,314	3,164	2,903	5.3	5.0	4.6
Midwest	1,754	1,606	1,538	5.0	4.5	4.3
West	1,840	1,668	1,408	4.7	4.2	3.6
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)
Total	4,301	4,880	4,111	2.7	3.0	2.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,048	4,615	3,876	3.0	3.4	2.8
Mining and logging	13	16	16	2.0	2.6	2.5
Construction	215	241	170	2.7	2.9	2.1
Manufacturing	257	246	214	2.0	1.9	1.7
Durable goods	138	129	109	1.7	1.6	1.3
Nondurable goods	119	118	105	2.5	2.4	2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	933	1,377	944	3.1	4.7	3.2
Wholesale trade	133	124	92	2.2	2.0	1.5
Retail trade	491	673	519	3.1	4.2	3.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	308	580	334	4.1	7.8	4.4
Information	56	72	52	1.8	2.4	1.7
Financial activities	148	156	167	1.6	1.7	1.8
Finance and insurance	84	100	111	1.2	1.5	1.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	63	57	55	2.5	2.3	2.2
Professional and business services	864	898	794	3.8	3.9	3.4
Private education and health services	636	676	659	2.4	2.5	2.4
Private educational services	45	63	51	1.1	1.5	1.3
Health care and social assistance	591	614	608	2.7	2.7	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	769	754	671	4.7	4.5	4.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	122	132	102	5.0	5.2	4.0
Accommodation and food services	647	622	568	4.6	4.4	4.0
Other services	158	177	190	2.7	3.0	3.2
Government	253	265	235	1.1	1.1	1.0
Federal	40	32	28	1.4	1.1	0.9
State and local	213	233	207	1.0	1.1	1.0
State and local education	89	112	91	0.8	1.0	0.8
State and local, excluding education	123	120	116	1.3	1.2	1.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	593	773	636	2.1	2.7	2.2
South	1,932	1,881	1,617	3.3	3.1	2.7
Midwest	856	1,102	900	2.5	3.2	2.6
West	920	1,124	957	2.5	3.0	2.5
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)
Total	5,165	4,625	5,023	3.3	2.9	3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,843	4,397	4,712	3.6	3.2	3.4
Mining and logging	16	17	24	2.5	2.7	3.9
Construction	374	328	310	4.6	3.9	3.8
Manufacturing	289	263	256	2.2	2.0	2.0
Durable goods	146	131	134	1.8	1.6	1.7
Nondurable goods	142	133	123	2.9	2.8	2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,107	1,021	1,170	3.7	3.5	3.9
Wholesale trade	151	124	115	2.4	2.0	1.9
Retail trade	601	572	634	3.7	3.6	3.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	355	326	421	4.8	4.4	5.6
Information	66	71	70	2.2	2.4	2.3
Financial activities	175	152	191	1.9	1.6	2.0
Finance and insurance	105	92	131	1.6	1.4	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	70	61	59	2.8	2.4	2.3
Professional and business services	1,071	954	980	4.7	4.1	4.3
Private education and health services	673	600	721	2.6	2.2	2.7
Private educational services	71	51	74	1.8	1.2	1.9
Health care and social assistance	602	549	646	2.7	2.4	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	889	816	789	5.4	4.9	4.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	160	190	144	6.6	7.5	5.7
Accommodation and food services	728	626	645	5.2	4.4	4.5
Other services	184	173	200	3.1	2.9	3.4
Government	322	227	312	1.4	0.9	1.3
Federal	46	26	30	1.6	0.9	1.0
State and local	276	202	282	1.4	1.0	1.4
State and local education	129	85	138	1.2	0.7	1.2
State and local, excluding education	147	117	144	1.6	1.2	1.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	810	705	809	2.9	2.5	2.8
South	2,018	1,651	1,972	3.4	2.7	3.3
Midwest	1,105	1,034	1,101	3.3	3.0	3.2
West	1,233	1,235	1,142	3.3	3.3	3.0
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)
Total	2,933	2,612	2,694	1.9	1.6	1.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,776	2,476	2,536	2.1	1.8	1.9
Mining and logging	8	9	7	1.3	1.4	1.0
Construction	124	121	84	1.5	1.4	1.0
Manufacturing	164	133	134	1.3	1.0	1.0
Durable goods	84	69	74	1.0	0.9	0.9
Nondurable goods	80	64	61	1.7	1.3	1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	665	652	597	2.2	2.2	2.0
Wholesale trade	101	69	65	1.6	1.1	1.0
Retail trade	395	377	358	2.5	2.4	2.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	168	206	174	2.3	2.8	2.3
Information	20	28	31	0.7	0.9	1.0
Financial activities	107	94	111	1.2	1.0	1.2
Finance and insurance	66	61	81	1.0	0.9	1.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	41	33	30	1.6	1.3	1.2
Professional and business services	509	469	478	2.2	2.0	2.1
Private education and health services	478	411	472	1.8	1.5	1.7
Private educational services	51	38	48	1.3	0.9	1.2
Health care and social assistance	427	373	424	1.9	1.6	1.8
Leisure and hospitality	600	446	474	3.6	2.7	2.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	61	40	42	2.5	1.6	1.7
Accommodation and food services	540	407	432	3.8	2.9	3.0
Other services	100	113	148	1.7	1.9	2.5
Government	156	136	157	0.7	0.6	0.7
Federal	18	13	11	0.6	0.4	0.4
State and local	138	123	146	0.7	0.6	0.7
State and local education	67	57	71	0.6	0.5	0.6
State and local, excluding education	71	66	75	0.8	0.7	0.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	425	334	365	1.5	1.2	1.3
South	1,265	1,049	1,132	2.1	1.7	1.9
Midwest	588	566	538	1.7	1.7	1.6
West	655	662	658	1.8	1.8	1.7
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)
Total	1,829	1,749	2,003	1.2	1.1	1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,730	1,696	1,917	1.3	1.2	1.4
Mining and logging	6	7	16	1.0	1.1	2.6
Construction	237	181	209	2.9	2.2	2.5
Manufacturing	102	117	98	0.8	0.9	0.8
Durable goods	49	54	45	0.6	0.7	0.6
Nondurable goods	54	62	53	1.1	1.3	1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	390	336	531	1.3	1.1	1.8
Wholesale trade	41	51	41	0.7	0.8	0.7
Retail trade	175	180	255	1.1	1.1	1.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	174	105	234	2.4	1.4	3.1
Information	41	39	32	1.3	1.3	1.1
Financial activities	45	44	54	0.5	0.5	0.6
Finance and insurance	25	17	28	0.4	0.2	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	20	27	25	0.8	1.1	1.0
Professional and business services	446	423	460	1.9	1.8	2.0
Private education and health services	140	146	185	0.5	0.5	0.7
Private educational services	18	12	22	0.5	0.3	0.6
Health care and social assistance	122	134	163	0.6	0.6	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	256	344	280	1.6	2.1	1.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	94	148	98	3.9	5.8	3.9
Accommodation and food services	162	196	183	1.2	1.4	1.3
Other services	67	59	51	1.2	1.0	0.9
Government	99	53	86	0.4	0.2	0.4
Federal	11	5	7	0.4	0.2	0.2
State and local	88	48	80	0.4	0.2	0.4
State and local education	45	19	46	0.4	0.2	0.4
State and local, excluding education	43	30	33	0.5	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	302	307	388	1.1	1.1	1.4
South	625	500	729	1.1	0.8	1.2
Midwest	429	420	491	1.3	1.2	1.4
West	473	522	396	1.3	1.4	1.1
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)
Total	404	264	326	0.3	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	336	226	258	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	2	2	2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Construction	14	26	18	0.2	0.3	0.2
Manufacturing	22	14	24	0.2	0.1	0.2
Durable goods	14	7	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nondurable goods	8	6	9	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	52	32	42	0.2	0.1	0.1
Wholesale trade	9	4	9	0.1	0.1	0.2
Retail trade	31	15	21	0.2	0.1	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	12	14	12	0.2	0.2	0.2
Information	5	5	7	0.2	0.2	0.2
Financial activities	23	14	26	0.3	0.1	0.3
Finance and insurance	15	13	22	0.2	0.2	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	9	0	4	0.3	0.0	0.2
Professional and business services	115	62	41	0.5	0.3	0.2
Private education and health services	54	43	63	0.2	0.2	0.2
Private educational services	2	1	4	0.1	0.0	0.1
Health care and social assistance	52	42	59	0.2	0.2	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	32	26	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	5	3	4	0.2	0.1	0.2
Accommodation and food services	27	23	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services	16	1	1	0.3	0.0	0.0
Government	67	38	68	0.3	0.2	0.3
Federal	17	8	12	0.6	0.3	0.4
State and local	50	30	56	0.2	0.1	0.3
State and local education	17	9	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
State and local, excluding education	33	22	36	0.4	0.2	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	82	64	56	0.3	0.2	0.2
South	130	103	111	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	87	48	71	0.3	0.1	0.2
West	104	50	88	0.3	0.1	0.2
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)	Dec. 2023	Nov. 2024	Dec. 2024(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	7,364	6,841	6,280	5.2	4.8	4.4
1 to 9 employees	1,695	1,450	1,438	6.9	6.2	6.1
10 to 49 employees	1,827	2,077	1,734	4.2	4.7	3.8
50 to 249 employees	1,975	1,820	1,730	4.9	4.4	4.3
250 to 999 employees	996	788	783	4.9	4.0	4.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	595	472	405	6.3	5.0	4.5
5,000 or more employees	276	234	191	5.8	4.7	4.0
HIRES
Total private	4,048	4,615	3,876	3.0	3.4	2.8
1 to 9 employees	718	579	557	3.1	2.6	2.5
10 to 49 employees	1,124	1,424	1,324	2.7	3.4	3.0
50 to 249 employees	1,277	1,455	1,218	3.3	3.7	3.2
250 to 999 employees	591	738	486	3.1	3.9	2.6
1,000 to 4,999 employees	278	354	238	3.1	4.0	2.8
5,000 or more employees	60	65	53	1.3	1.4	1.2
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	4,843	4,397	4,712	3.6	3.2	3.4
1 to 9 employees	677	655	573	3.0	3.0	2.6
10 to 49 employees	1,555	1,322	1,661	3.8	3.1	3.8
50 to 249 employees	1,454	1,501	1,474	3.8	3.8	3.8
250 to 999 employees	736	564	607	3.8	2.9	3.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	361	300	321	4.1	3.4	3.7
5,000 or more employees	60	55	74	1.3	1.2	1.6
QUITS
Total private	2,776	2,476	2,536	2.1	1.8	1.9
1 to 9 employees	399	340	257	1.8	1.5	1.2
10 to 49 employees	897	767	905	2.2	1.8	2.1
50 to 249 employees	882	831	863	2.3	2.1	2.2
250 to 999 employees	385	332	328	2.0	1.7	1.7
1,000 to 4,999 employees	177	172	150	2.0	1.9	1.7
5,000 or more employees	36	33	34	0.8	0.7	0.7
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,730	1,696	1,917	1.3	1.2	1.4
1 to 9 employees	204	244	304	0.9	1.1	1.4
10 to 49 employees	555	511	654	1.3	1.2	1.5
50 to 249 employees	494	610	531	1.3	1.6	1.4
250 to 999 employees	306	198	249	1.6	1.0	1.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	156	117	148	1.8	1.3	1.7
5,000 or more employees	15	15	31	0.3	0.3	0.7
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	336	226	258	0.2	0.2	0.2
1 to 9 employees	74	70	13	0.3	0.3	0.1
10 to 49 employees	103	44	102	0.2	0.1	0.2
50 to 249 employees	78	59	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
250 to 999 employees	45	34	31	0.2	0.2	0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	28	11	23	0.3	0.1	0.3
5,000 or more employees	8	7	9	0.2	0.1	0.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.