Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, July 1, 2025       USDL-25-1087
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                             JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MAY 2025

The number of job openings was little changed at 7.8 million in May, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 
reported today. Over the month, both hires and total separations were little changed at 5.5 million and 
5.2 million, respectively. Within separations, quits (3.3 million) and layoffs and discharges (1.6 million) 
changed little. 

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the 
total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by establishment size class. Job openings include all positions that 
are open on the last business day of the month. Hires and separations include all changes to the payroll 
during the entire month. 
        
Job Openings

The number and rate of job openings were little changed at 7.8 million and 4.6 percent, respectively, in 
May. The number of job openings increased in accommodation and food services (+314,000) and in 
finance and insurance (+91,000). The number of job openings decreased in federal government (39,000). 
(See table 1.)

Hires

In May, the number and rate of hires were little changed at 5.5 million and 3.4 percent, respectively. 
The number of hires decreased in federal government (-11,000). (See table 2.)

Separations 

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations in May was little changed at 5.2 million. The total separations rate 
remained unchanged for the fifth month in a row at 3.3 percent. Total separations decreased in finance 
and insurance (-42,000). (See table 3.)

In May, the number and rate of quits were little changed at 3.3 million and 2.1 percent, respectively. 
The number of quits was little changed in all industries in May. (See table 4.)

In May, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges were little changed at 1.6 million and 1.0 
percent, respectively. Layoffs and discharges decreased in finance and insurance (-47,000). 
(See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed at 349,000 in May. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

In May, the layoffs and discharges rate decreased for establishments with 1 to 9 employees, while the 
job openings, hires, quits, and total separations rates showed little change. For establishments with 5,000 
or more employees, all rates showed little or no change. (See table 7.)

April 2025 Revisions

The number of job openings for April was revised up by 4,000 to 7.4 million, the number of hires was 
revised up by 42,000 to 5.6 million, and the number of total separations was revised up by 25,000 to 5.3 
million. Within separations, the number of quits was revised up by 21,000 to 3.2 million, and the 
number of layoffs and discharges was revised up by 3,000 to 1.8 million. (Monthly revisions result from 
additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates 
and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for June 2025 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, July 29, 2025, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

     

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	7,901	7,395	7,769	5,573	5,615	5,503	5,314	5,313	5,242
Total private	6,852	6,562	6,936	5,204	5,259	5,164	4,966	4,981	4,892
Mining and logging	24	26	19	18	24	19	22	22	18
Construction	375	242	245	390	364	361	369	357	368
Manufacturing	576	392	414	350	330	278	345	316	287
Durable goods	405	257	289	207	194	161	204	183	162
Nondurable goods	171	135	125	143	136	117	142	134	125
Trade, transportation, and utilities	985	1,036	998	1,061	979	1,005	1,064	938	1,025
Wholesale trade	167	203	176	151	130	136	153	120	132
Retail trade	487	561	490	632	575	581	639	555	601
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	331	272	332	278	274	288	272	263	292
Information	128	165	159	82	89	77	83	78	78
Financial activities	448	418	476	210	217	223	196	239	199
Finance and insurance	339	283	374	132	144	145	115	169	127
Real estate and rental and leasing	109	135	102	77	73	77	80	71	72
Professional and business services	1,302	1,386	1,358	1,027	1,112	1,065	948	1,063	1,005
Private education and health services	1,859	1,716	1,763	879	882	799	805	795	725
Private educational services	185	168	157	96	99	93	102	91	88
Health care and social assistance	1,674	1,547	1,607	783	783	706	703	704	637
Leisure and hospitality	871	914	1,193	957	1,037	1,158	924	955	1,011
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	139	188	151	178	183	197	152	168	169
Accommodation and food services	732	727	1,041	779	854	961	771	787	842
Other services	284	267	310	231	225	179	211	217	175
Government	1,049	833	834	369	357	339	348	333	350
Federal	169	128	89	36	33	22	33	43	39
State and local	879	705	745	332	324	317	315	290	311
State and local education	265	242	261	161	165	145	179	150	155
State and local, excluding education	614	462	484	172	159	172	137	140	156
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.8	4.4	4.6	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.3
Total private	4.8	4.6	4.9	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.6
Mining and logging	3.7	4.1	3.0	2.9	3.9	3.0	3.5	3.5	3.0
Construction	4.4	2.8	2.9	4.8	4.4	4.3	4.5	4.3	4.4
Manufacturing	4.3	3.0	3.1	2.7	2.6	2.2	2.7	2.5	2.2
Durable goods	4.8	3.1	3.5	2.6	2.4	2.0	2.5	2.3	2.0
Nondurable goods	3.4	2.7	2.5	2.9	2.8	2.4	2.9	2.7	2.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.7	3.2	3.5
Wholesale trade	2.7	3.2	2.8	2.5	2.1	2.2	2.5	1.9	2.1
Retail trade	3.0	3.5	3.0	4.1	3.7	3.7	4.1	3.6	3.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	4.4	3.6	4.3	3.8	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.6	4.0
Information	4.2	5.3	5.1	2.8	3.0	2.6	2.8	2.7	2.6
Financial activities	4.7	4.3	4.9	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.1	2.6	2.2
Finance and insurance	4.8	4.0	5.2	2.0	2.1	2.1	1.7	2.5	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	4.2	5.1	3.9	3.1	2.9	3.1	3.3	2.8	2.9
Professional and business services	5.4	5.8	5.7	4.5	4.9	4.7	4.2	4.7	4.5
Private education and health services	6.6	5.9	6.1	3.3	3.2	2.9	3.1	2.9	2.7
Private educational services	4.5	4.0	3.7	2.4	2.5	2.3	2.6	2.3	2.2
Health care and social assistance	6.9	6.2	6.5	3.5	3.4	3.0	3.1	3.0	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	4.9	5.1	6.5	5.7	6.1	6.8	5.5	5.6	5.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	5.0	6.5	5.3	6.8	6.8	7.3	5.8	6.2	6.2
Accommodation and food services	4.9	4.8	6.8	5.5	6.0	6.7	5.4	5.5	5.9
Other services	4.5	4.2	4.9	3.9	3.7	3.0	3.5	3.6	2.9
Government	4.3	3.4	3.4	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.5
Federal	5.3	4.1	2.9	1.2	1.1	0.7	1.1	1.4	1.3
State and local	4.1	3.3	3.5	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.5
State and local education	2.4	2.2	2.3	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.4	1.4
State and local, excluding education	6.0	4.5	4.7	1.8	1.6	1.8	1.4	1.4	1.6
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 
separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for 
January 2023, industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 
leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists, and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or 
part-time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that 
time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 
dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings—that is, all filled and unfilled 
jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability, and deaths.
Excluded from separations measures are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; and employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is 
computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 
layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class.

The sampling frame is made up of establishments from two sources: the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 
The QCEW database contains establishments that cover approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in the 
United States. This database is a compilation of administrative data from state unemployment insurance (UI) 
programs and federal government establishments covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal 
Employees (UCFE) program. A frame of railroad establishments is provided by the FRA. This is added to the 
QCEW database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame. 

The JOLTS estimation method involves the following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, item 
nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and death model 
estimation, estimates review and outlier selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and variance estimates. 
Establishment size class levels are also produced. Detailed information about the estimation method can be found in 
the Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through which the JOLTS weighted employment for each estimation cell 
is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells are benchmarked monthly to the current employment level from the BLS 
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked to ensure that JOLTS weighted 
employment is equal to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, many new establishments fail within the first year, referred 
to as a death. Because new and short-lived universe establishments cannot be reflected in the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these establishments 
during their early existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity 
from previous years as collected by the QCEW and projects forward to the present using over-the-year change in the 
CES. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate the amount of churn (meaning the rates of 
hires and separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 
with the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and separations that take place in these 
establishments that cannot be measured through sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations 
produced by the birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 
estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences between the two surveys, as well as sampling and nonsampling errors, historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust again.

Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) is used to 
seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant 
data, up to and including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used 
as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative 
models, as well as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal 
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the issuance of data for 
January. Five years of data are subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 1) benchmarks based on CES 
employment estimates newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal adjustment factors, and 3) any needed 
special adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are 
calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 
monthly CES published employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. Sampling error 
estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)
Total	7,901	7,480	7,200	7,395	7,769	374	4.8	4.5	4.3	4.4	4.6	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,852	6,588	6,342	6,562	6,936	374	4.8	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.9	0.3
Mining and logging	24	20	13	26	19	-7	3.7	3.1	2.1	4.1	3.0	-1.1
Construction	375	286	251	242	245	3	4.4	3.3	2.9	2.8	2.9	0.1
Manufacturing	576	445	397	392	414	22	4.3	3.4	3.0	3.0	3.1	0.1
Durable goods	405	313	261	257	289	32	4.8	3.8	3.2	3.1	3.5	0.4
Nondurable goods	171	131	136	135	125	-10	3.4	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.5	-0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	985	1,036	1,036	1,036	998	-38	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Wholesale trade	167	163	213	203	176	-27	2.7	2.6	3.3	3.2	2.8	-0.4
Retail trade	487	528	538	561	490	-71	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.5	3.0	-0.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	331	345	284	272	332	60	4.4	4.5	3.7	3.6	4.3	0.7
Information	128	131	154	165	159	-6	4.2	4.2	5.0	5.3	5.1	-0.2
Financial activities	448	431	428	418	476	58	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.9	0.6
Finance and insurance	339	271	305	283	374	91	4.8	3.9	4.3	4.0	5.2	1.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	109	160	123	135	102	-33	4.2	6.0	4.7	5.1	3.9	-1.2
Professional and business services	1,302	1,336	1,249	1,386	1,358	-28	5.4	5.6	5.2	5.8	5.7	-0.1
Private education and health services	1,859	1,570	1,512	1,716	1,763	47	6.6	5.5	5.3	5.9	6.1	0.2
Private educational services	185	165	144	168	157	-11	4.5	4.0	3.5	4.0	3.7	-0.3
Health care and social assistance	1,674	1,405	1,368	1,547	1,607	60	6.9	5.7	5.6	6.2	6.5	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	871	1,030	960	914	1,193	279	4.9	5.7	5.4	5.1	6.5	1.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	139	130	135	188	151	-37	5.0	4.6	4.8	6.5	5.3	-1.2
Accommodation and food services	732	900	825	727	1,041	314	4.9	5.9	5.5	4.8	6.8	2.0
Other services	284	304	341	267	310	43	4.5	4.8	5.4	4.2	4.9	0.7
Government	1,049	892	858	833	834	1	4.3	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.4	0.0
Federal	169	134	121	128	89	-39	5.3	4.3	3.9	4.1	2.9	-1.2
State and local	879	759	737	705	745	40	4.1	3.6	3.5	3.3	3.5	0.2
State and local education	265	279	291	242	261	19	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.2	2.3	0.1
State and local, excluding education	614	480	446	462	484	22	6.0	4.7	4.4	4.5	4.7	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,445	1,401	1,278	1,417	1,462	45	4.9	4.7	4.3	4.8	4.9	0.1
South	3,116	2,839	2,719	2,870	3,180	310	5.0	4.5	4.3	4.6	5.0	0.4
Midwest	1,704	1,642	1,688	1,585	1,682	97	4.9	4.6	4.8	4.5	4.7	0.2
West	1,636	1,599	1,514	1,523	1,446	-77	4.2	4.1	3.9	3.9	3.7	-0.2
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)
Total	5,573	5,370	5,404	5,615	5,503	-112	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.4	-0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,204	5,020	5,055	5,259	5,164	-95	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.8	-0.1
Mining and logging	18	23	19	24	19	-5	2.9	3.6	3.0	3.9	3.0	-0.9
Construction	390	347	306	364	361	-3	4.8	4.2	3.7	4.4	4.3	-0.1
Manufacturing	350	318	319	330	278	-52	2.7	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.2	-0.4
Durable goods	207	192	186	194	161	-33	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.0	-0.4
Nondurable goods	143	127	134	136	117	-19	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.4	-0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,061	1,078	1,073	979	1,005	26	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.4	3.5	0.1
Wholesale trade	151	169	146	130	136	6	2.5	2.7	2.4	2.1	2.2	0.1
Retail trade	632	601	632	575	581	6	4.1	3.9	4.1	3.7	3.7	0.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	278	308	294	274	288	14	3.8	4.2	4.0	3.7	3.9	0.2
Information	82	79	83	89	77	-12	2.8	2.7	2.8	3.0	2.6	-0.4
Financial activities	210	217	244	217	223	6	2.3	2.3	2.6	2.3	2.4	0.1
Finance and insurance	132	147	170	144	145	1	2.0	2.2	2.5	2.1	2.1	0.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	77	70	75	73	77	4	3.1	2.8	3.0	2.9	3.1	0.2
Professional and business services	1,027	1,056	1,042	1,112	1,065	-47	4.5	4.7	4.6	4.9	4.7	-0.2
Private education and health services	879	799	824	882	799	-83	3.3	3.0	3.0	3.2	2.9	-0.3
Private educational services	96	90	94	99	93	-6	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.5	2.3	-0.2
Health care and social assistance	783	709	731	783	706	-77	3.5	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.0	-0.4
Leisure and hospitality	957	888	919	1,037	1,158	121	5.7	5.2	5.4	6.1	6.8	0.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	178	177	174	183	197	14	6.8	6.6	6.5	6.8	7.3	0.5
Accommodation and food services	779	711	746	854	961	107	5.5	5.0	5.2	6.0	6.7	0.7
Other services	231	215	226	225	179	-46	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.0	-0.7
Government	369	350	349	357	339	-18	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.4	-0.1
Federal	36	30	29	33	22	-11	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.7	-0.4
State and local	332	320	320	324	317	-7	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5	-0.1
State and local education	161	166	160	165	145	-20	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.3	-0.2
State and local, excluding education	172	154	160	159	172	13	1.8	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.8	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	823	848	883	855	890	35	2.9	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.1	0.1
South	2,276	2,196	2,099	2,219	2,019	-200	3.8	3.7	3.5	3.7	3.4	-0.3
Midwest	1,255	1,138	1,222	1,250	1,177	-73	3.8	3.4	3.6	3.7	3.5	-0.2
West	1,218	1,187	1,200	1,292	1,418	126	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.5	3.8	0.3
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)
Total	5,314	5,316	5,183	5,313	5,242	-71	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.3	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,966	4,966	4,845	4,981	4,892	-89	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.6	-0.1
Mining and logging	22	19	22	22	18	-4	3.5	3.0	3.5	3.5	3.0	-0.5
Construction	369	348	322	357	368	11	4.5	4.2	3.9	4.3	4.4	0.1
Manufacturing	345	323	311	316	287	-29	2.7	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.2	-0.3
Durable goods	204	194	184	183	162	-21	2.5	2.5	2.3	2.3	2.0	-0.3
Nondurable goods	142	129	127	134	125	-9	2.9	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.6	-0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,064	1,089	1,070	938	1,025	87	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.2	3.5	0.3
Wholesale trade	153	144	145	120	132	12	2.5	2.3	2.3	1.9	2.1	0.2
Retail trade	639	645	652	555	601	46	4.1	4.1	4.2	3.6	3.9	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	272	301	274	263	292	29	3.8	4.1	3.7	3.6	4.0	0.4
Information	83	85	76	78	78	0	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.6	-0.1
Financial activities	196	190	223	239	199	-40	2.1	2.1	2.4	2.6	2.2	-0.4
Finance and insurance	115	124	151	169	127	-42	1.7	1.8	2.2	2.5	1.9	-0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	80	66	72	71	72	1	3.3	2.7	2.9	2.8	2.9	0.1
Professional and business services	948	1,023	988	1,063	1,005	-58	4.2	4.5	4.4	4.7	4.5	-0.2
Private education and health services	805	736	742	795	725	-70	3.1	2.7	2.7	2.9	2.7	-0.2
Private educational services	102	82	86	91	88	-3	2.6	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.2	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	703	654	656	704	637	-67	3.1	2.8	2.8	3.0	2.7	-0.3
Leisure and hospitality	924	939	880	955	1,011	56	5.5	5.5	5.2	5.6	5.9	0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	152	175	172	168	169	1	5.8	6.5	6.4	6.2	6.2	0.0
Accommodation and food services	771	765	708	787	842	55	5.4	5.4	5.0	5.5	5.9	0.4
Other services	211	214	211	217	175	-42	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.6	2.9	-0.7
Government	348	350	337	333	350	17	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.5	0.1
Federal	33	41	32	43	39	-4	1.1	1.4	1.1	1.4	1.3	-0.1
State and local	315	309	305	290	311	21	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.5	0.1
State and local education	179	176	149	150	155	5	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.4	0.0
State and local, excluding education	137	133	156	140	156	16	1.4	1.4	1.6	1.4	1.6	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	864	859	790	856	850	-6	3.1	3.0	2.8	3.0	3.0	0.0
South	2,046	2,158	2,018	2,063	2,007	-56	3.4	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Midwest	1,127	1,109	1,136	1,138	1,152	14	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.4	0.0
West	1,278	1,191	1,237	1,256	1,233	-23	3.5	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)
Total	3,355	3,250	3,344	3,215	3,293	78	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.1	0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,144	3,054	3,159	3,032	3,101	69	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3	0.1
Mining and logging	13	11	14	12	12	0	2.1	1.8	2.3	2.0	1.8	-0.2
Construction	192	180	166	162	183	21	2.3	2.2	2.0	2.0	2.2	0.2
Manufacturing	209	179	184	180	153	-27	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.2	-0.2
Durable goods	123	108	110	105	83	-22	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.0	-0.3
Nondurable goods	87	71	74	74	70	-4	1.8	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.4	-0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	712	674	707	591	661	70	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.0	2.3	0.3
Wholesale trade	93	87	95	78	82	4	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.3	1.3	0.0
Retail trade	468	404	473	386	422	36	3.0	2.6	3.0	2.5	2.7	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	150	183	139	128	156	28	2.1	2.5	1.9	1.7	2.1	0.4
Information	48	30	35	33	36	3	1.6	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.2	0.1
Financial activities	114	116	138	127	134	7	1.2	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.4	0.0
Finance and insurance	66	76	94	86	93	7	1.0	1.1	1.4	1.3	1.4	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	48	39	44	41	41	0	1.9	1.6	1.8	1.6	1.6	0.0
Professional and business services	495	576	558	545	535	-10	2.2	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.4	0.0
Private education and health services	586	489	536	542	532	-10	2.2	1.8	2.0	2.0	1.9	-0.1
Private educational services	62	51	53	52	57	5	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4	0.1
Health care and social assistance	525	438	483	490	475	-15	2.3	1.9	2.1	2.1	2.0	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality	640	641	673	688	741	53	3.8	3.8	4.0	4.0	4.3	0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	74	77	71	73	76	3	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.8	0.1
Accommodation and food services	566	564	602	615	666	51	4.0	4.0	4.2	4.3	4.6	0.3
Other services	135	157	148	151	116	-35	2.3	2.6	2.5	2.5	1.9	-0.6
Government	211	197	186	183	191	8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
Federal	16	12	14	15	19	4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.2
State and local	195	185	172	169	172	3	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
State and local education	120	107	91	90	91	1	1.1	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
State and local, excluding education	75	77	80	78	81	3	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	506	473	477	494	496	2	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.8	0.1
South	1,369	1,372	1,339	1,207	1,314	107	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.0	2.2	0.2
Midwest	730	711	755	730	742	12	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.2	0.0
West	751	695	773	784	740	-44	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.1	2.0	-0.1
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)
Total	1,665	1,780	1,590	1,789	1,601	-188	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	-0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,581	1,680	1,490	1,712	1,510	-202	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.1	-0.2
Mining and logging	7	6	7	7	6	-1	1.1	0.9	1.2	1.2	0.9	-0.3
Construction	158	149	150	180	168	-12	1.9	1.8	1.8	2.2	2.0	-0.2
Manufacturing	117	121	106	119	114	-5	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.0
Durable goods	68	72	60	67	67	0	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
Nondurable goods	49	49	47	52	48	-4	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0	-0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	301	379	324	296	320	24	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.1
Wholesale trade	54	47	43	38	45	7	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.1
Retail trade	136	229	162	136	157	21	0.9	1.5	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	111	103	119	122	119	-3	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.7	1.6	-0.1
Information	34	47	33	35	29	-6	1.1	1.6	1.1	1.2	1.0	-0.2
Financial activities	69	54	65	92	44	-48	0.8	0.6	0.7	1.0	0.5	-0.5
Finance and insurance	41	31	41	64	17	-47	0.6	0.5	0.6	1.0	0.3	-0.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	29	23	24	28	27	-1	1.2	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.0
Professional and business services	395	412	394	465	387	-78	1.7	1.8	1.7	2.1	1.7	-0.4
Private education and health services	178	192	152	215	170	-45	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.6	-0.2
Private educational services	35	28	27	30	28	-2	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	143	164	125	185	142	-43	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.8	0.6	-0.2
Leisure and hospitality	261	266	196	242	224	-18	1.6	1.6	1.2	1.4	1.3	-0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	72	94	96	91	90	-1	2.8	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Accommodation and food services	189	172	99	152	134	-18	1.3	1.2	0.7	1.1	0.9	-0.2
Other services	60	54	62	60	49	-11	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.8	-0.2
Government	84	100	100	77	91	14	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.1
Federal	7	19	8	5	6	1	0.2	0.6	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local	78	81	92	72	85	13	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.1
State and local education	41	43	42	36	42	6	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.1
State and local, excluding education	37	38	50	36	43	7	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	305	338	256	315	302	-13	1.1	1.2	0.9	1.1	1.1	0.0
South	565	671	599	738	541	-197	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.2	0.9	-0.3
Midwest	326	350	324	346	347	1	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.0
West	469	421	411	391	410	19	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	0.1
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)
Total	294	286	248	309	349	40	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	242	232	197	236	281	45	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Mining and logging	2	1	1	2	1	-1	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2	-0.1
Construction	19	18	5	14	17	3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Manufacturing	19	23	21	18	20	2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Durable goods	13	15	15	10	12	2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods	6	9	7	7	8	1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	51	36	40	51	45	-6	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Wholesale trade	6	9	6	4	5	1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Retail trade	35	12	17	33	22	-11	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	11	15	16	14	17	3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Information	2	7	8	10	12	2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.1
Financial activities	12	21	19	20	22	2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Finance and insurance	8	16	15	18	17	-1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	4	4	4	2	5	3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Professional and business services	57	35	36	53	83	30	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.2
Private education and health services	41	55	53	38	24	-14	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Private educational services	6	4	5	9	3	-6	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
Health care and social assistance	35	51	48	29	20	-9	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	23	33	12	24	46	22	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	6	4	5	4	3	-1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Accommodation and food services	16	29	7	20	42	22	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.2
Other services	15	3	2	6	11	5	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1
Government	53	53	51	72	68	-4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.0
Federal	10	10	10	23	14	-9	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.8	0.5	-0.3
State and local	42	43	41	50	54	4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
State and local education	17	25	16	24	22	-2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local, excluding education	25	18	25	26	32	6	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	53	47	58	48	52	4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
South	112	115	81	118	152	34	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1
Midwest	70	48	57	62	63	1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
West	58	75	53	81	83	2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)	May 2024	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	6,852	6,588	6,342	6,562	6,936	374	4.8	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.9	0.3
1 to 9 employees	1,259	1,160	1,089	1,314	1,500	186	5.3	5.5	5.1	5.4	6.3	0.9
10 to 49 employees	2,107	2,069	2,013	1,830	1,985	155	4.8	4.9	4.6	4.2	4.4	0.2
50 to 249 employees	1,857	1,867	1,720	1,961	2,018	57	4.5	4.4	4.1	4.5	4.7	0.2
250 to 999 employees	892	808	812	829	792	-37	4.7	3.9	4.0	4.6	4.3	-0.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	479	472	484	453	444	-9	5.8	4.8	5.1	5.4	5.3	-0.1
5,000 or more employees	258	212	225	175	197	22	5.3	4.1	4.3	4.1	4.6	0.5
HIRES
Total private	5,204	5,020	5,055	5,259	5,164	-95	3.9	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.8	-0.1
1 to 9 employees	711	743	777	829	784	-45	3.2	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.5	-0.1
10 to 49 employees	1,765	1,619	1,796	1,677	1,688	11	4.2	4.0	4.3	4.0	3.9	-0.1
50 to 249 employees	1,629	1,618	1,433	1,759	1,761	2	4.1	3.9	3.6	4.3	4.3	0.0
250 to 999 employees	691	673	680	649	590	-59	3.8	3.4	3.5	3.7	3.4	-0.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	315	276	282	273	265	-8	4.1	3.0	3.1	3.4	3.4	0.0
5,000 or more employees	91	90	87	72	76	4	2.0	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.9	0.2
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	4,966	4,966	4,845	4,981	4,892	-89	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.6	-0.1
1 to 9 employees	773	687	689	844	687	-157	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.7	3.1	-0.6
10 to 49 employees	1,558	1,581	1,750	1,555	1,576	21	3.7	3.9	4.2	3.7	3.7	0.0
50 to 249 employees	1,552	1,637	1,379	1,571	1,684	113	3.9	4.0	3.4	3.8	4.1	0.3
250 to 999 employees	712	690	672	659	584	-75	3.9	3.5	3.4	3.8	3.3	-0.5
1,000 to 4,999 employees	287	290	276	292	293	1	3.7	3.1	3.1	3.7	3.7	0.0
5,000 or more employees	84	81	80	59	68	9	1.8	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.7	0.3
QUITS
Total private	3,144	3,054	3,159	3,032	3,101	69	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3	0.1
1 to 9 employees	448	348	437	447	435	-12	2.0	1.7	2.1	1.9	2.0	0.1
10 to 49 employees	1,090	1,059	1,194	970	987	17	2.6	2.6	2.9	2.3	2.3	0.0
50 to 249 employees	988	1,058	939	1,041	1,137	96	2.5	2.6	2.3	2.5	2.8	0.3
250 to 999 employees	406	390	389	375	330	-45	2.2	2.0	2.0	2.2	1.9	-0.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	168	159	152	167	177	10	2.2	1.7	1.7	2.1	2.2	0.1
5,000 or more employees	44	40	46	32	36	4	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.1
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,581	1,680	1,490	1,712	1,510	-202	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.1	-0.2
1 to 9 employees	266	328	234	366	184	-182	1.2	1.6	1.1	1.6	0.8	-0.8
10 to 49 employees	403	444	491	509	477	-32	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1	-0.1
50 to 249 employees	498	506	385	463	495	32	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.2	0.1
250 to 999 employees	281	268	255	253	232	-21	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.3	-0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	103	103	99	102	97	-5	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.2	-0.1
5,000 or more employees	30	30	25	19	24	5	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.1
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	242	232	197	236	281	45	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
1 to 9 employees	59	11	17	30	68	38	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2
10 to 49 employees	65	78	65	76	112	36	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
50 to 249 employees	66	73	55	67	52	-15	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
250 to 999 employees	25	32	28	31	22	-9	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	-0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	16	28	24	23	19	-4	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	-0.1
5,000 or more employees	10	10	8	9	8	-1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)
Total	7,715	7,959	7,604	4.6	4.8	4.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,656	7,141	6,758	4.7	5.0	4.7
Mining and logging	22	27	18	3.4	4.2	2.7
Construction	408	266	273	4.7	3.1	3.2
Manufacturing	572	381	416	4.3	2.9	3.2
Durable goods	399	248	290	4.8	3.0	3.5
Nondurable goods	173	133	126	3.5	2.7	2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	985	1,062	978	3.3	3.6	3.3
Wholesale trade	172	222	177	2.7	3.5	2.8
Retail trade	489	567	470	3.1	3.5	2.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	324	273	331	4.3	3.6	4.4
Information	118	184	150	3.9	5.9	4.9
Financial activities	414	460	447	4.3	4.8	4.6
Finance and insurance	319	306	364	4.6	4.4	5.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	95	154	83	3.7	5.9	3.2
Professional and business services	1,185	1,462	1,236	5.0	6.1	5.2
Private education and health services	1,776	1,904	1,702	6.3	6.5	5.9
Private educational services	192	180	162	4.6	4.1	3.9
Health care and social assistance	1,584	1,724	1,540	6.6	6.9	6.2
Leisure and hospitality	907	1,116	1,234	5.0	6.2	6.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	148	241	160	5.2	8.4	5.4
Accommodation and food services	759	876	1,074	5.0	5.8	6.9
Other services	270	279	305	4.3	4.4	4.8
Government	1,059	818	845	4.3	3.3	3.4
Federal	170	133	91	5.4	4.3	3.0
State and local	889	685	755	4.1	3.2	3.5
State and local education	275	228	272	2.4	2.0	2.4
State and local, excluding education	613	457	483	6.0	4.5	4.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,439	1,455	1,479	4.9	4.9	4.9
South	3,017	3,109	3,088	4.8	4.9	4.9
Midwest	1,707	1,751	1,696	4.9	4.9	4.8
West	1,552	1,643	1,340	4.0	4.2	3.5
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)
Total	6,255	5,966	6,199	4.0	3.7	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,841	5,696	5,809	4.3	4.2	4.3
Mining and logging	19	26	20	3.1	4.2	3.2
Construction	462	438	444	5.6	5.3	5.3
Manufacturing	399	345	310	3.1	2.7	2.4
Durable goods	244	204	187	3.1	2.6	2.4
Nondurable goods	156	141	123	3.2	2.9	2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,118	920	1,038	3.9	3.2	3.6
Wholesale trade	166	150	148	2.7	2.4	2.4
Retail trade	702	566	638	4.5	3.7	4.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	250	204	252	3.5	2.8	3.5
Information	89	87	83	3.0	3.0	2.8
Financial activities	234	255	255	2.6	2.8	2.8
Finance and insurance	136	169	152	2.0	2.5	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	99	86	103	4.0	3.5	4.1
Professional and business services	1,077	1,270	1,136	4.7	5.6	5.0
Private education and health services	905	910	805	3.4	3.3	2.9
Private educational services	92	77	88	2.3	1.8	2.2
Health care and social assistance	813	834	717	3.6	3.6	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,252	1,208	1,492	7.3	7.2	8.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	317	259	368	11.7	9.9	13.2
Accommodation and food services	935	949	1,123	6.5	6.7	7.7
Other services	285	236	227	4.8	3.9	3.7
Government	413	270	390	1.8	1.1	1.6
Federal	41	32	24	1.4	1.1	0.8
State and local	372	238	366	1.8	1.1	1.8
State and local education	109	84	93	1.0	0.7	0.8
State and local, excluding education	263	154	273	2.7	1.6	2.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	965	910	1,045	3.4	3.2	3.7
South	2,494	2,321	2,196	4.2	3.9	3.6
Midwest	1,485	1,336	1,395	4.4	4.0	4.1
West	1,311	1,398	1,563	3.5	3.7	4.2
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)
Total	5,292	5,243	5,200	3.3	3.3	3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,883	4,992	4,795	3.6	3.7	3.5
Mining and logging	24	21	19	3.8	3.5	3.1
Construction	312	336	324	3.8	4.1	3.9
Manufacturing	357	360	289	2.8	2.8	2.3
Durable goods	216	218	171	2.7	2.8	2.2
Nondurable goods	141	142	117	2.9	2.9	2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,015	918	966	3.5	3.2	3.3
Wholesale trade	172	145	146	2.8	2.3	2.4
Retail trade	634	549	598	4.1	3.5	3.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	209	225	222	2.9	3.1	3.1
Information	85	81	77	2.9	2.8	2.6
Financial activities	189	245	208	2.1	2.7	2.3
Finance and insurance	114	173	136	1.7	2.6	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	76	72	72	3.1	2.9	2.9
Professional and business services	950	1,090	995	4.2	4.8	4.4
Private education and health services	836	817	752	3.2	3.0	2.8
Private educational services	136	70	123	3.4	1.7	3.0
Health care and social assistance	699	747	629	3.1	3.2	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	890	903	980	5.2	5.4	5.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	105	131	117	3.9	5.0	4.2
Accommodation and food services	785	772	863	5.5	5.4	5.9
Other services	225	220	185	3.8	3.6	3.0
Government	409	250	405	1.7	1.0	1.7
Federal	33	42	42	1.1	1.4	1.4
State and local	376	208	363	1.8	1.0	1.7
State and local education	261	90	231	2.4	0.8	2.1
State and local, excluding education	114	118	132	1.2	1.2	1.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	795	842	798	2.8	3.0	2.8
South	2,112	2,019	2,045	3.5	3.4	3.4
Midwest	1,123	1,102	1,143	3.4	3.3	3.4
West	1,263	1,279	1,214	3.4	3.4	3.2
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)
Total	3,461	3,286	3,427	2.2	2.1	2.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,205	3,143	3,201	2.4	2.3	2.4
Mining and logging	15	13	13	2.5	2.2	2.0
Construction	192	162	193	2.3	2.0	2.3
Manufacturing	222	204	159	1.7	1.6	1.3
Durable goods	132	128	88	1.6	1.6	1.1
Nondurable goods	90	76	72	1.9	1.6	1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	726	629	680	2.5	2.2	2.3
Wholesale trade	104	106	91	1.7	1.7	1.5
Retail trade	493	395	455	3.2	2.6	2.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	129	129	134	1.8	1.8	1.8
Information	48	32	36	1.6	1.1	1.2
Financial activities	114	137	142	1.3	1.5	1.5
Finance and insurance	68	92	101	1.0	1.4	1.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	46	45	40	1.9	1.8	1.6
Professional and business services	488	579	521	2.2	2.6	2.3
Private education and health services	590	563	548	2.2	2.1	2.0
Private educational services	73	44	74	1.8	1.1	1.8
Health care and social assistance	517	519	474	2.3	2.2	2.0
Leisure and hospitality	666	672	789	3.9	4.0	4.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	61	57	64	2.2	2.2	2.3
Accommodation and food services	605	615	725	4.2	4.3	5.0
Other services	143	151	120	2.4	2.5	2.0
Government	256	143	227	1.1	0.6	1.0
Federal	16	15	21	0.5	0.5	0.7
State and local	240	128	206	1.2	0.6	1.0
State and local education	167	56	127	1.5	0.5	1.1
State and local, excluding education	73	72	79	0.8	0.7	0.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	511	511	518	1.8	1.8	1.8
South	1,407	1,243	1,359	2.4	2.1	2.3
Midwest	771	727	790	2.3	2.2	2.3
West	773	805	761	2.1	2.2	2.0
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)
Total	1,555	1,659	1,434	1.0	1.0	0.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,454	1,610	1,325	1.1	1.2	1.0
Mining and logging	6	6	5	1.0	1.0	0.8
Construction	106	162	117	1.3	2.0	1.4
Manufacturing	117	136	110	0.9	1.1	0.9
Durable goods	71	79	71	0.9	1.0	0.9
Nondurable goods	46	58	39	0.9	1.2	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	240	239	244	0.8	0.8	0.8
Wholesale trade	63	36	51	1.0	0.6	0.8
Retail trade	107	121	121	0.7	0.8	0.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	70	82	72	1.0	1.1	1.0
Information	36	39	30	1.2	1.3	1.0
Financial activities	62	89	38	0.7	1.0	0.4
Finance and insurance	38	63	16	0.6	0.9	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	24	26	22	1.0	1.1	0.9
Professional and business services	411	454	398	1.8	2.0	1.8
Private education and health services	202	216	180	0.8	0.8	0.7
Private educational services	56	19	44	1.4	0.5	1.1
Health care and social assistance	146	197	136	0.7	0.9	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	208	209	151	1.2	1.2	0.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	38	71	50	1.4	2.7	1.8
Accommodation and food services	170	138	101	1.2	1.0	0.7
Other services	65	61	52	1.1	1.0	0.9
Government	102	48	109	0.4	0.2	0.5
Federal	7	5	6	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local	95	44	103	0.5	0.2	0.5
State and local education	74	20	78	0.7	0.2	0.7
State and local, excluding education	21	24	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	239	292	236	0.9	1.0	0.8
South	600	664	539	1.0	1.1	0.9
Midwest	279	313	283	0.8	0.9	0.8
West	438	390	376	1.2	1.0	1.0
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)
Total	276	297	339	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	225	239	269	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	2	2	2	0.4	0.3	0.3
Construction	15	13	14	0.2	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	18	19	19	0.1	0.2	0.1
Durable goods	13	11	12	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nondurable goods	5	8	7	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	48	50	42	0.2	0.2	0.1
Wholesale trade	4	3	4	0.1	0.0	0.1
Retail trade	34	33	22	0.2	0.2	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	10	14	16	0.1	0.2	0.2
Information	2	11	11	0.1	0.4	0.4
Financial activities	13	20	28	0.1	0.2	0.3
Finance and insurance	8	19	18	0.1	0.3	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	1	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Professional and business services	51	57	76	0.2	0.3	0.3
Private education and health services	43	37	24	0.2	0.1	0.1
Private educational services	7	6	4	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health care and social assistance	36	31	20	0.2	0.1	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	16	22	41	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	6	3	3	0.2	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	10	19	37	0.1	0.1	0.3
Other services	16	7	13	0.3	0.1	0.2
Government	51	59	69	0.2	0.2	0.3
Federal	10	22	16	0.3	0.8	0.5
State and local	41	36	54	0.2	0.2	0.3
State and local education	20	14	26	0.2	0.1	0.2
State and local, excluding education	21	23	28	0.2	0.2	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	45	39	44	0.2	0.1	0.2
South	105	112	146	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	74	63	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	52	84	78	0.1	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	6,656	7,141	6,758	4.7	5.0	4.7
1 to 9 employees	1,041	1,499	1,269	4.4	6.1	5.4
10 to 49 employees	2,133	2,055	2,002	4.8	4.7	4.4
50 to 249 employees	1,880	2,141	2,062	4.5	5.0	4.7
250 to 999 employees	903	847	810	4.7	4.7	4.4
1,000 to 4,999 employees	453	426	423	5.5	5.1	5.1
5,000 or more employees	246	173	192	5.1	4.0	4.5
HIRES
Total private	5,841	5,696	5,809	4.3	4.2	4.3
1 to 9 employees	718	1,048	789	3.2	4.6	3.5
10 to 49 employees	2,129	1,962	2,035	5.1	4.7	4.7
50 to 249 employees	1,874	1,819	2,056	4.7	4.4	5.0
250 to 999 employees	743	591	626	4.1	3.4	3.6
1,000 to 4,999 employees	285	220	232	3.7	2.8	2.9
5,000 or more employees	93	55	71	2.0	1.3	1.7
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	4,883	4,992	4,795	3.6	3.7	3.5
1 to 9 employees	748	876	671	3.3	3.8	3.0
10 to 49 employees	1,538	1,645	1,533	3.7	3.9	3.6
50 to 249 employees	1,550	1,555	1,697	3.9	3.8	4.1
250 to 999 employees	720	628	575	4.0	3.6	3.3
1,000 to 4,999 employees	244	237	252	3.1	3.0	3.2
5,000 or more employees	83	50	67	1.8	1.2	1.7
QUITS
Total private	3,205	3,143	3,201	2.4	2.3	2.4
1 to 9 employees	438	467	440	2.0	2.0	2.0
10 to 49 employees	1,132	1,094	1,030	2.7	2.6	2.4
50 to 249 employees	1,020	1,053	1,187	2.6	2.6	2.9
250 to 999 employees	421	355	341	2.3	2.0	1.9
1,000 to 4,999 employees	148	145	165	1.9	1.8	2.1
5,000 or more employees	46	29	37	1.0	0.7	0.9
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,454	1,610	1,325	1.1	1.2	1.0
1 to 9 employees	258	373	164	1.2	1.6	0.7
10 to 49 employees	351	470	401	0.8	1.1	0.9
50 to 249 employees	461	433	453	1.2	1.1	1.1
250 to 999 employees	275	244	214	1.5	1.4	1.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	82	77	72	1.1	1.0	0.9
5,000 or more employees	26	13	21	0.6	0.3	0.5
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	225	239	269	0.2	0.2	0.2
1 to 9 employees	52	36	66	0.2	0.2	0.3
10 to 49 employees	55	81	102	0.1	0.2	0.2
50 to 249 employees	69	69	57	0.2	0.2	0.1
250 to 999 employees	25	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	14	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
5,000 or more employees	10	8	9	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.