Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, December 3, 2024   USDL-24-2475
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

		    	  JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – OCTOBER 2024

The number of job openings was little changed at 7.7 million on the last business day of October, the 
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires changed little at 5.3 million. The 
number of total separations was little changed at 5.3 million. Within separations, quits (3.3 million) 
increased, but layoffs and discharges (1.6 million) changed little. This release includes estimates of the 
number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by 
establishment size class. 
        
Job Openings

The number of job openings was little changed at 7.7 million on the last business day of October but 
was down by 941,000 over the year. The job openings rate, at 4.6 percent, changed little over the month. 
The number of job openings increased in professional and business services (+209,000), accommodation 
and food services (+162,000), and information (+87,000) but decreased in federal government (-26,000). 
(See table 1.)

Hires

In October, the number of hires changed little at 5.3 million but was down by 501,000 over the year. 
The hires rate was little changed at 3.3 percent. Hires decreased in private educational services              
(-24,000). (See table 2.)

Separations 

Total separations include quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations include separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations in October was little changed at 5.3 million but was down by 369,000 
over the year. The total separations rate was 3.3 percent for the third month in a row. (See table 3.)

In October, the number of quits increased to 3.3 million (+228,000) but was down by 308,000 over the 
year. Over the month, the quits rate increased to 2.1 percent. Quits increased in accommodation and 
food services (+90,000). (See table 4.)

In October, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges changed little at 1.6 million and 1.0 percent, 
respectively. Layoffs and discharges increased in retail trade (+60,000) but decreased in durable goods 
manufacturing (-37,000) and in private educational services (-14,000). (See table 5.)

The number of other separations changed little at 301,000 in October. (See table 6.)

Establishment Size Class

The hires rate for establishments with 1 to 9 employees decreased in October, while the job openings, 
quits, layoffs and discharges, and total separations rates showed little change. For establishments with 
5,000 or more employees, the job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and total separations 
rates showed little change. (See table 7.)

September 2024 Revisions

The number of job openings for September was revised down by 71,000 to 7.4 million, the number of 
hires was revised up 24,000 to 5.6 million, and the number of total separations was unchanged at 5.2 
million. Within separations, the number of quits was revised up by 27,000 to 3.1 million, and the 
number of layoffs and discharges was revised down by 31,000 to 1.8 million. (Monthly revisions result 
from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published 
estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for November 2024 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, January 7, 2025, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	8,685	7,372	7,744	5,814	5,582	5,313	5,630	5,196	5,261
Total private	7,718	6,501	6,868	5,429	5,221	4,947	5,325	4,884	4,947
Mining and logging	24	26	28	21	22	20	23	20	21
Construction	413	258	249	381	335	293	349	310	258
Manufacturing	576	478	465	377	358	337	371	373	341
Durable goods	364	321	317	205	200	179	206	215	184
Nondurable goods	213	156	148	172	158	158	165	158	157
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,306	983	956	1,137	1,059	1,087	1,108	981	1,048
Wholesale trade	206	181	144	158	136	142	148	137	137
Retail trade	581	516	518	671	623	640	655	573	615
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	520	287	295	308	300	305	305	271	296
Information	113	121	208	50	79	70	68	83	72
Financial activities	410	429	446	206	213	187	217	211	198
Finance and insurance	287	310	316	128	146	114	143	145	128
Real estate and rental and leasing	124	119	130	78	67	73	74	67	70
Professional and business services	1,585	1,441	1,650	1,116	1,063	984	1,148	1,061	1,094
Private education and health services	1,778	1,473	1,481	894	872	869	827	747	812
Private educational services	156	162	156	98	108	84	105	95	85
Health care and social assistance	1,622	1,311	1,326	796	764	785	722	652	727
Leisure and hospitality	1,201	986	1,115	1,047	962	848	1,014	863	862
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	207	120	87	165	174	152	131	185	159
Accommodation and food services	994	867	1,029	882	788	697	883	678	702
Other services	313	306	269	200	257	252	202	235	240
Government	967	871	876	385	361	366	305	311	313
Federal	188	141	115	42	33	30	36	31	30
State and local	779	730	762	343	328	337	269	281	284
State and local education	288	266	267	179	165	169	134	142	145
State and local, excluding education	491	464	494	164	163	168	136	139	139
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	5.2	4.4	4.6	3.7	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.3	3.3
Total private	5.4	4.6	4.8	4.1	3.9	3.6	4.0	3.6	3.6
Mining and logging	3.6	3.9	4.2	3.3	3.4	3.2	3.6	3.2	3.2
Construction	4.9	3.0	2.9	4.7	4.0	3.5	4.3	3.7	3.1
Manufacturing	4.3	3.6	3.5	2.9	2.8	2.6	2.9	2.9	2.6
Durable goods	4.3	3.8	3.8	2.5	2.5	2.2	2.5	2.7	2.3
Nondurable goods	4.2	3.1	3.0	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.3	3.3	3.2	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.4	3.6
Wholesale trade	3.2	2.8	2.3	2.6	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.2	2.2
Retail trade	3.6	3.2	3.2	4.3	4.0	4.1	4.2	3.7	3.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	6.8	3.8	3.9	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.3	3.8	4.1
Information	3.6	3.9	6.5	1.7	2.6	2.3	2.3	2.8	2.4
Financial activities	4.3	4.4	4.6	2.2	2.3	2.0	2.4	2.3	2.1
Finance and insurance	4.1	4.4	4.5	1.9	2.2	1.7	2.1	2.1	1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	4.7	4.5	4.9	3.1	2.7	2.9	3.0	2.7	2.8
Professional and business services	6.5	5.9	6.7	4.9	4.6	4.3	5.0	4.6	4.8
Private education and health services	6.5	5.3	5.3	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.2	2.8	3.1
Private educational services	3.9	4.0	3.8	2.6	2.8	2.2	2.7	2.4	2.2
Health care and social assistance	6.9	5.5	5.5	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.3	2.9	3.2
Leisure and hospitality	6.7	5.5	6.2	6.2	5.7	5.0	6.1	5.1	5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	7.4	4.3	3.2	6.4	6.6	5.7	5.1	7.0	6.0
Accommodation and food services	6.5	5.7	6.7	6.2	5.5	4.9	6.2	4.7	4.9
Other services	5.1	4.9	4.3	3.4	4.3	4.2	3.4	4.0	4.1
Government	4.0	3.6	3.6	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.3
Federal	6.0	4.5	3.7	1.4	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.0	1.0
State and local	3.7	3.5	3.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.3	1.4	1.4
State and local education	2.6	2.4	2.4	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.3
State and local, excluding education	5.0	4.6	4.9	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.4	1.4	1.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 
separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data for 
January 2023, industries are classified in accordance with the 2022 North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 
leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working. JOLTS does not publish employment estimates but uses the reported 
employment for validation of the other reported data elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month.

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions:
* A specific position exists, and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or 
part-time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal.
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that 
time.
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future; positions for which employees 
have been hired but have not yet reported for work; and positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by 
dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings—that is, all filled and unfilled 
jobs—and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily, with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer, including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability, and deaths.
Excluded from separations measures are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; and employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is 
computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 
layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business and 
government establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size 
class.

The sampling frame is made up of establishments from two sources: the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program (QCEW) and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). 
The QCEW database contains establishments that cover approximately 95 percent of nonfarm payroll jobs in the 
United States. This database is a compilation of administrative data from state unemployment insurance (UI) 
programs and federal government establishments covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal 
Employees (UCFE) program. A frame of railroad establishments is provided by the FRA. This is added to the 
QCEW database to complete the JOLTS sampling frame. 

The JOLTS estimation method involves the following processes: unit nonresponse adjustment, item 
nonresponse adjustment, monthly benchmarking and estimation, automatic outlier detection, birth and death model 
estimation, estimates review and outlier selection, alignment, seasonal adjustment, and variance estimates. 
Establishment size class levels are also produced. Detailed information about the estimation method can be found in 
the Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/jlt/home.htm.

Monthly benchmarking is the process through which the JOLTS weighted employment for each estimation cell 
is adjusted. JOLTS estimation cells are benchmarked monthly to the current employment level from the BLS 
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The sampled weight is benchmarked to ensure that JOLTS weighted 
employment is equal to CES employment.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, many new establishments fail within the first year, referred 
to as a death. Because new and short-lived universe establishments cannot be reflected in the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from these establishments 
during their early existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity 
from previous years as collected by the QCEW and projects forward to the present using over-the-year change in the 
CES. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data to calculate the amount of churn (meaning the rates of 
hires and separations) that exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines the calculated churn 
with the projected employment change to estimate the number of hires and separations that take place in these 
establishments that cannot be measured through sampling. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations 
produced by the birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the 
estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences between the two surveys, as well as sampling and nonsampling errors, historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust again.

Seasonal adjustment. After alignment, the seasonal adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) is used to 
seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all relevant 
data, up to and including the current month, to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving averages are used 
as seasonal filters in seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative 
models, as well as regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) modeling, to improve the seasonal 
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The JOLTS estimates are revised annually with the issuance of data for 
January. Five years of data are subject to revision. The revised estimates incorporate: 1) benchmarks based on CES 
employment estimates newly benchmarked to QCEW, 2) revised seasonal adjustment factors, and 3) any needed 
special adjustments.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are 
applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect updated seasonal 
adjustment factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally 
adjusted JOLTS data series for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels.

Annual average levels for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published monthly levels 
by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are 
calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 
monthly CES published employment levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Annual average rates for job openings are calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 
levels by the sum of the 12 monthly CES published employment levels plus the sum of the 12 monthly job openings 
levels, and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a chance that 
the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling 
error, varies with the sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS 
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent chance 
that the true population mean will fall into the interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 1.65 standard 
errors. Estimates of median standard errors are released monthly as part of the significant change tables on the 
JOLTS webpage. Standard errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 years of data. Sampling error 
estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the 
inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from 
the employment benchmark data used in estimation. The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures to reduce 
nonsampling error in the survey’s design.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)
Total	8,685	7,711	7,861	7,372	7,744	372	5.2	4.6	4.7	4.4	4.6	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	7,718	6,839	6,912	6,501	6,868	367	5.4	4.8	4.9	4.6	4.8	0.2
Mining and logging	24	23	24	26	28	2	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.9	4.2	0.3
Construction	413	232	328	258	249	-9	4.9	2.7	3.8	3.0	2.9	-0.1
Manufacturing	576	505	491	478	465	-13	4.3	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.5	-0.1
Durable goods	364	340	321	321	317	-4	4.3	4.0	3.8	3.8	3.8	0.0
Nondurable goods	213	165	170	156	148	-8	4.2	3.3	3.4	3.1	3.0	-0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,306	1,038	1,131	983	956	-27	4.3	3.4	3.7	3.3	3.2	-0.1
Wholesale trade	206	184	192	181	144	-37	3.2	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.3	-0.5
Retail trade	581	563	592	516	518	2	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.2	3.2	0.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	520	290	347	287	295	8	6.8	3.9	4.6	3.8	3.9	0.1
Information	113	129	119	121	208	87	3.6	4.1	3.8	3.9	6.5	2.6
Financial activities	410	442	374	429	446	17	4.3	4.6	3.9	4.4	4.6	0.2
Finance and insurance	287	311	264	310	316	6	4.1	4.4	3.8	4.4	4.5	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	124	131	109	119	130	11	4.7	5.0	4.2	4.5	4.9	0.4
Professional and business services	1,585	1,553	1,454	1,441	1,650	209	6.5	6.3	6.0	5.9	6.7	0.8
Private education and health services	1,778	1,624	1,636	1,473	1,481	8	6.5	5.8	5.8	5.3	5.3	0.0
Private educational services	156	159	152	162	156	-6	3.9	4.0	3.8	4.0	3.8	-0.2
Health care and social assistance	1,622	1,465	1,484	1,311	1,326	15	6.9	6.1	6.2	5.5	5.5	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,201	965	1,059	986	1,115	129	6.7	5.4	5.9	5.5	6.2	0.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	207	150	142	120	87	-33	7.4	5.3	5.1	4.3	3.2	-1.1
Accommodation and food services	994	815	917	867	1,029	162	6.5	5.4	6.0	5.7	6.7	1.0
Other services	313	329	295	306	269	-37	5.1	5.3	4.8	4.9	4.3	-0.6
Government	967	871	949	871	876	5	4.0	3.6	3.9	3.6	3.6	0.0
Federal	188	133	142	141	115	-26	6.0	4.3	4.5	4.5	3.7	-0.8
State and local	779	738	807	730	762	32	3.7	3.5	3.8	3.5	3.6	0.1
State and local education	288	246	304	266	267	1	2.6	2.2	2.7	2.4	2.4	0.0
State and local, excluding education	491	492	503	464	494	30	5.0	4.9	5.0	4.6	4.9	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,490	1,254	1,384	1,404	1,209	-195	5.1	4.3	4.7	4.7	4.1	-0.6
South	3,526	3,226	3,215	2,707	3,193	486	5.7	5.1	5.1	4.3	5.1	0.8
Midwest	1,861	1,626	1,708	1,681	1,629	-52	5.3	4.6	4.8	4.7	4.6	-0.1
West	1,808	1,605	1,555	1,580	1,713	133	4.7	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.4	0.3
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)
Total	5,814	5,416	5,435	5,582	5,313	-269	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.3	-0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,429	5,068	5,067	5,221	4,947	-274	4.1	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.6	-0.3
Mining and logging	21	18	19	22	20	-2	3.3	2.8	3.0	3.4	3.2	-0.2
Construction	381	359	348	335	293	-42	4.7	4.4	4.2	4.0	3.5	-0.5
Manufacturing	377	354	306	358	337	-21	2.9	2.7	2.4	2.8	2.6	-0.2
Durable goods	205	205	171	200	179	-21	2.5	2.5	2.1	2.5	2.2	-0.3
Nondurable goods	172	149	135	158	158	0	3.6	3.1	2.8	3.3	3.3	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,137	1,139	987	1,059	1,087	28	3.9	3.9	3.4	3.6	3.7	0.1
Wholesale trade	158	151	139	136	142	6	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.2	2.3	0.1
Retail trade	671	669	571	623	640	17	4.3	4.3	3.6	4.0	4.1	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	308	319	276	300	305	5	4.3	4.4	3.8	4.2	4.2	0.0
Information	50	78	78	79	70	-9	1.7	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.3	-0.3
Financial activities	206	231	219	213	187	-26	2.2	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.0	-0.3
Finance and insurance	128	161	153	146	114	-32	1.9	2.4	2.3	2.2	1.7	-0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	78	70	66	67	73	6	3.1	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.9	0.2
Professional and business services	1,116	946	1,062	1,063	984	-79	4.9	4.1	4.6	4.6	4.3	-0.3
Private education and health services	894	832	832	872	869	-3	3.5	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.3	0.0
Private educational services	98	87	102	108	84	-24	2.6	2.3	2.6	2.8	2.2	-0.6
Health care and social assistance	796	745	730	764	785	21	3.7	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.5	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,047	891	976	962	848	-114	6.2	5.3	5.7	5.7	5.0	-0.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	165	151	163	174	152	-22	6.4	5.7	6.1	6.6	5.7	-0.9
Accommodation and food services	882	740	812	788	697	-91	6.2	5.2	5.7	5.5	4.9	-0.6
Other services	200	221	240	257	252	-5	3.4	3.7	4.1	4.3	4.2	-0.1
Government	385	347	368	361	366	5	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.6	0.1
Federal	42	31	35	33	30	-3	1.4	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.0	-0.1
State and local	343	316	333	328	337	9	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	0.0
State and local education	179	162	171	165	169	4	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.6	0.1
State and local, excluding education	164	154	162	163	168	5	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.7	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	886	920	922	867	824	-43	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.1	2.9	-0.2
South	2,391	2,057	2,264	2,270	2,164	-106	4.1	3.5	3.8	3.8	3.6	-0.2
Midwest	1,244	1,207	1,078	1,193	1,160	-33	3.7	3.6	3.2	3.5	3.4	-0.1
West	1,293	1,232	1,171	1,251	1,166	-85	3.5	3.3	3.1	3.4	3.1	-0.3
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)
Total	5,630	5,314	5,168	5,196	5,261	65	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,325	4,972	4,847	4,884	4,947	63	4.0	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.6	0.0
Mining and logging	23	18	18	20	21	1	3.6	2.8	2.9	3.2	3.2	0.0
Construction	349	321	313	310	258	-52	4.3	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.1	-0.6
Manufacturing	371	347	325	373	341	-32	2.9	2.7	2.5	2.9	2.6	-0.3
Durable goods	206	204	194	215	184	-31	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.7	2.3	-0.4
Nondurable goods	165	143	131	158	157	-1	3.4	3.0	2.7	3.3	3.3	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,108	1,097	945	981	1,048	67	3.8	3.8	3.3	3.4	3.6	0.2
Wholesale trade	148	140	138	137	137	0	2.4	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.2	0.0
Retail trade	655	656	539	573	615	42	4.2	4.2	3.4	3.7	3.9	0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	305	301	267	271	296	25	4.3	4.2	3.7	3.8	4.1	0.3
Information	68	92	87	83	72	-11	2.3	3.1	2.9	2.8	2.4	-0.4
Financial activities	217	234	195	211	198	-13	2.4	2.5	2.1	2.3	2.1	-0.2
Finance and insurance	143	167	132	145	128	-17	2.1	2.5	2.0	2.1	1.9	-0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	74	68	62	67	70	3	3.0	2.7	2.5	2.7	2.8	0.1
Professional and business services	1,148	950	1,092	1,061	1,094	33	5.0	4.1	4.8	4.6	4.8	0.2
Private education and health services	827	779	737	747	812	65	3.2	3.0	2.8	2.8	3.1	0.3
Private educational services	105	98	88	95	85	-10	2.7	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.2	-0.2
Health care and social assistance	722	681	649	652	727	75	3.3	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.2	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	1,014	902	893	863	862	-1	6.1	5.3	5.3	5.1	5.1	0.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	131	154	146	185	159	-26	5.1	5.8	5.5	7.0	6.0	-1.0
Accommodation and food services	883	747	747	678	702	24	6.2	5.2	5.2	4.7	4.9	0.2
Other services	202	233	242	235	240	5	3.4	3.9	4.1	4.0	4.1	0.1
Government	305	343	321	311	313	2	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.3	0.0
Federal	36	31	34	31	30	-1	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.0
State and local	269	312	286	281	284	3	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.4	0.0
State and local education	134	155	144	142	145	3	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	0.0
State and local, excluding education	136	156	143	139	139	0	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.4	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,010	866	803	870	776	-94	3.6	3.1	2.8	3.1	2.7	-0.4
South	2,340	2,125	2,039	2,117	2,038	-79	4.0	3.6	3.4	3.6	3.4	-0.2
Midwest	1,095	1,106	1,207	1,106	1,109	3	3.3	3.3	3.6	3.3	3.3	0.0
West	1,186	1,217	1,119	1,102	1,338	236	3.2	3.3	3.0	3.0	3.6	0.6
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)
Total	3,634	3,243	3,178	3,098	3,326	228	2.3	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.1	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,453	3,056	2,999	2,917	3,148	231	2.6	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.3	0.1
Mining and logging	14	10	9	12	12	0	2.1	1.6	1.4	2.0	1.8	-0.2
Construction	171	137	131	125	149	24	2.1	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.8	0.3
Manufacturing	225	222	208	200	209	9	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.6	0.1
Durable goods	126	129	128	112	116	4	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.4	0.0
Nondurable goods	98	93	80	88	92	4	2.0	1.9	1.7	1.8	1.9	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	750	687	578	637	638	1	2.6	2.4	2.0	2.2	2.2	0.0
Wholesale trade	88	83	78	77	77	0	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.2	-0.1
Retail trade	478	432	368	420	394	-26	3.1	2.8	2.4	2.7	2.5	-0.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	184	172	133	139	167	28	2.6	2.4	1.8	1.9	2.3	0.4
Information	41	49	41	29	35	6	1.4	1.6	1.4	1.0	1.2	0.2
Financial activities	129	127	109	127	112	-15	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.4	1.2	-0.2
Finance and insurance	91	91	88	87	68	-19	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.0	-0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	38	36	21	40	44	4	1.5	1.5	0.8	1.6	1.8	0.2
Professional and business services	677	495	575	513	550	37	3.0	2.2	2.5	2.2	2.4	0.2
Private education and health services	594	543	514	518	565	47	2.3	2.1	1.9	1.9	2.1	0.2
Private educational services	72	62	54	45	50	5	1.9	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.3	0.1
Health care and social assistance	522	482	460	473	515	42	2.4	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.3	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	742	642	665	610	702	92	4.4	3.8	3.9	3.6	4.1	0.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	63	82	73	81	83	2	2.5	3.1	2.7	3.1	3.1	0.0
Accommodation and food services	679	560	592	529	619	90	4.8	3.9	4.1	3.7	4.3	0.6
Other services	111	144	169	145	176	31	1.9	2.4	2.8	2.4	3.0	0.6
Government	181	186	179	181	179	-2	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
Federal	16	15	17	14	15	1	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.0
State and local	165	171	162	166	164	-2	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
State and local education	78	90	86	81	91	10	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.0
State and local, excluding education	87	81	76	85	72	-13	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.7	-0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	523	462	471	497	446	-51	1.9	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.6	-0.2
South	1,606	1,426	1,287	1,316	1,287	-29	2.7	2.4	2.2	2.2	2.2	0.0
Midwest	748	654	735	658	752	94	2.2	1.9	2.2	1.9	2.2	0.3
West	757	700	685	628	841	213	2.1	1.9	1.8	1.7	2.3	0.6
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)
Total	1,653	1,713	1,668	1,802	1,633	-169	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	-0.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,570	1,627	1,589	1,727	1,548	-179	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.1	-0.2
Mining and logging	7	6	7	6	7	1	1.1	0.9	1.0	0.9	1.2	0.3
Construction	167	175	169	170	97	-73	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.0	1.2	-0.8
Manufacturing	128	102	93	154	109	-45	1.0	0.8	0.7	1.2	0.8	-0.4
Durable goods	67	60	48	92	55	-37	0.8	0.7	0.6	1.1	0.7	-0.4
Nondurable goods	62	42	45	61	55	-6	1.3	0.9	0.9	1.3	1.1	-0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	286	333	312	312	365	53	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.3	0.2
Wholesale trade	53	50	55	48	41	-7	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.7	-0.1
Retail trade	130	169	137	142	202	60	0.8	1.1	0.9	0.9	1.3	0.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	102	114	121	121	121	0	1.4	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.7	0.0
Information	15	38	43	42	32	-10	0.5	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.1	-0.3
Financial activities	63	72	79	56	57	1	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.6	0.6	0.0
Finance and insurance	34	46	41	32	41	9	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	29	26	38	24	16	-8	1.2	1.0	1.5	0.9	0.6	-0.3
Professional and business services	397	399	452	487	477	-10	1.7	1.7	2.0	2.1	2.1	0.0
Private education and health services	189	185	172	189	195	6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.0
Private educational services	28	30	29	45	31	-14	0.7	0.8	0.8	1.2	0.8	-0.4
Health care and social assistance	161	155	143	144	164	20	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	247	232	204	238	145	-93	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.4	0.9	-0.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	65	68	69	100	68	-32	2.5	2.5	2.6	3.8	2.6	-1.2
Accommodation and food services	182	164	135	138	77	-61	1.3	1.2	0.9	1.0	0.5	-0.5
Other services	72	85	57	74	64	-10	1.2	1.4	1.0	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Government	83	86	79	75	85	10	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.1
Federal	9	6	6	5	6	1	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local	74	80	73	69	80	11	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.1
State and local education	45	37	33	40	40	0	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.0
State and local, excluding education	28	43	40	29	40	11	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	411	346	272	325	255	-70	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.1	0.9	-0.2
South	578	577	629	694	654	-40	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.1	-0.1
Midwest	297	374	395	387	296	-91	0.9	1.1	1.2	1.1	0.9	-0.2
West	367	416	372	396	427	31	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.0
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)
Total	344	359	322	296	301	5	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	302	288	259	240	252	12	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Mining and logging	3	2	3	2	2	0	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.0
Construction	10	9	12	14	13	-1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Manufacturing	18	22	24	20	24	4	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Durable goods	13	14	18	12	14	2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nondurable goods	5	8	6	9	10	1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	72	76	54	33	45	12	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wholesale trade	7	7	6	12	18	6	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1
Retail trade	47	54	35	11	19	8	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	19	15	13	11	8	-3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
Information	12	4	3	12	5	-7	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.2	-0.2
Financial activities	25	35	7	29	29	0	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.0
Finance and insurance	18	30	4	25	19	-6	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.4	0.3	-0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	8	5	4	3	10	7	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.3
Professional and business services	73	56	65	60	67	7	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0
Private education and health services	44	51	50	40	52	12	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Private educational services	4	7	4	5	4	-1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Health care and social assistance	40	45	46	35	48	13	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	25	27	24	14	14	0	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	4	4	3	8	5	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2
Accommodation and food services	22	23	19	11	6	-5	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Other services	19	5	16	16	1	-15	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.0	-0.3
Government	41	70	63	56	50	-6	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
Federal	11	9	11	11	9	-2	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	-0.1
State and local	30	61	52	45	40	-5	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.0
State and local education	10	29	25	20	13	-7	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.1
State and local, excluding education	21	32	27	25	27	2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	76	58	59	48	75	27	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1
South	156	122	123	107	97	-10	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Midwest	50	78	77	62	60	-2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
West	62	100	62	79	69	-10	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 7. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)						Rates
	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	July 2024	Aug. 2024	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Change from: Sept. 2024 - Oct. 2024(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	7,718	6,839	6,912	6,501	6,868	367	5.4	4.8	4.9	4.6	4.8	0.2
1 to 9 employees	1,681	1,520	1,540	1,164	1,485	321	7.3	6.4	6.5	5.5	6.3	0.8
10 to 49 employees	2,182	1,913	2,045	2,086	2,149	63	5.0	4.3	4.6	4.6	4.8	0.2
50 to 249 employees	2,061	1,859	1,841	1,797	1,871	74	5.0	4.5	4.5	4.3	4.6	0.3
250 to 999 employees	1,002	873	827	786	721	-65	5.1	4.4	4.1	3.9	3.7	-0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	566	431	417	445	431	-14	5.9	5.2	4.8	4.8	4.9	0.1
5,000 or more employees	226	244	242	223	211	-12	5.0	5.0	5.0	4.4	4.6	0.2
HIRES
Total private	5,429	5,068	5,067	5,221	4,947	-274	4.1	3.7	3.7	3.9	3.6	-0.3
1 to 9 employees	857	753	856	846	754	-92	4.0	3.4	3.9	4.3	3.4	-0.9
10 to 49 employees	1,604	1,697	1,598	1,700	1,625	-75	3.9	4.0	3.7	4.0	3.8	-0.2
50 to 249 employees	1,767	1,542	1,530	1,608	1,587	-21	4.5	3.9	4.0	4.0	4.1	0.1
250 to 999 employees	795	664	696	663	624	-39	4.3	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.3	-0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	326	319	299	319	285	-34	3.6	4.1	3.6	3.6	3.4	-0.2
5,000 or more employees	79	93	88	85	72	-13	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.8	1.6	-0.2
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,325	4,972	4,847	4,884	4,947	63	4.0	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.6	0.0
1 to 9 employees	800	660	618	663	763	100	3.7	3.0	2.8	3.3	3.4	0.1
10 to 49 employees	1,577	1,805	1,656	1,704	1,594	-110	3.8	4.3	3.9	4.0	3.7	-0.3
50 to 249 employees	1,759	1,420	1,492	1,505	1,582	77	4.5	3.6	3.9	3.8	4.0	0.2
250 to 999 employees	777	725	725	649	651	2	4.2	3.8	3.8	3.4	3.5	0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	358	284	285	295	298	3	4.0	3.6	3.5	3.3	3.5	0.2
5,000 or more employees	54	77	71	70	60	-10	1.2	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.3	-0.1
QUITS
Total private	3,453	3,056	2,999	2,917	3,148	231	2.6	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.3	0.1
1 to 9 employees	502	295	345	354	359	5	2.3	1.3	1.6	1.8	1.6	-0.2
10 to 49 employees	1,070	1,183	1,081	1,136	1,162	26	2.6	2.8	2.5	2.7	2.7	0.0
50 to 249 employees	1,113	969	961	853	1,045	192	2.8	2.5	2.5	2.1	2.7	0.6
250 to 999 employees	511	404	419	369	385	16	2.7	2.1	2.2	1.9	2.1	0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	225	159	151	164	162	-2	2.5	2.0	1.8	1.9	1.9	0.0
5,000 or more employees	32	46	42	42	35	-7	0.7	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.8	-0.1
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,570	1,627	1,589	1,727	1,548	-179	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.1	-0.2
1 to 9 employees	226	312	230	292	377	85	1.1	1.4	1.0	1.5	1.7	0.2
10 to 49 employees	409	516	477	486	346	-140	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.1	0.8	-0.3
50 to 249 employees	572	388	470	580	463	-117	1.5	1.0	1.2	1.4	1.2	-0.2
250 to 999 employees	240	291	278	246	229	-17	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.2	-0.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	110	96	115	106	117	11	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.2	1.4	0.2
5,000 or more employees	13	23	20	17	16	-1	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.0
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	302	288	259	240	252	12	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
1 to 9 employees	73	52	44	17	28	11	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.0
10 to 49 employees	98	106	98	82	86	4	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
50 to 249 employees	75	63	61	72	74	2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
250 to 999 employees	26	30	28	33	36	3	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.0
1,000 to 4,999 employees	24	29	19	25	19	-6	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.2	-0.1
5,000 or more employees	8	8	9	10	9	-1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.

Table 8. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)
Total	9,156	7,239	8,167	5.5	4.3	4.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	8,235	6,404	7,342	5.8	4.5	5.1
Mining and logging	23	24	29	3.5	3.6	4.4
Construction	435	249	261	5.0	2.9	3.0
Manufacturing	577	479	463	4.3	3.6	3.5
Durable goods	365	322	317	4.3	3.8	3.8
Nondurable goods	212	157	146	4.2	3.1	2.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,375	1,030	995	4.5	3.4	3.3
Wholesale trade	213	176	146	3.4	2.8	2.3
Retail trade	650	563	563	4.0	3.5	3.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	511	291	286	6.6	3.9	3.8
Information	111	123	208	3.6	4.0	6.5
Financial activities	460	425	498	4.7	4.4	5.1
Finance and insurance	321	316	352	4.5	4.5	5.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	139	108	146	5.3	4.1	5.5
Professional and business services	1,747	1,437	1,870	7.0	5.9	7.5
Private education and health services	1,947	1,414	1,577	7.0	5.1	5.6
Private educational services	167	155	164	4.0	3.8	3.9
Health care and social assistance	1,781	1,259	1,413	7.5	5.3	5.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,248	915	1,181	7.0	5.1	6.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	198	107	78	7.2	3.8	2.9
Accommodation and food services	1,050	808	1,104	6.9	5.3	7.1
Other services	310	308	259	5.0	4.9	4.2
Government	921	835	825	3.8	3.4	3.4
Federal	170	137	99	5.5	4.4	3.2
State and local	750	698	727	3.6	3.3	3.4
State and local education	276	254	255	2.4	2.3	2.2
State and local, excluding education	474	445	472	4.8	4.4	4.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,558	1,366	1,251	5.3	4.6	4.2
South	3,654	2,736	3,298	5.8	4.4	5.2
Midwest	1,930	1,650	1,676	5.4	4.7	4.7
West	2,015	1,487	1,942	5.2	3.8	4.9
Footnotes (1) The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 9. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)
Total	6,245	5,630	5,734	4.0	3.5	3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,891	5,228	5,401	4.4	3.9	4.0
Mining and logging	22	23	20	3.3	3.5	3.2
Construction	394	320	297	4.8	3.8	3.5
Manufacturing	375	366	340	2.9	2.8	2.6
Durable goods	208	207	178	2.6	2.6	2.2
Nondurable goods	167	158	163	3.5	3.3	3.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,387	1,050	1,340	4.8	3.6	4.6
Wholesale trade	167	135	149	2.7	2.2	2.4
Retail trade	779	609	744	5.0	3.9	4.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	440	306	447	6.1	4.2	6.1
Information	59	86	82	2.0	2.9	2.7
Financial activities	225	211	199	2.4	2.3	2.1
Finance and insurance	142	148	122	2.1	2.2	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	83	64	77	3.3	2.5	3.1
Professional and business services	1,216	1,043	1,075	5.3	4.5	4.7
Private education and health services	970	901	956	3.8	3.4	3.6
Private educational services	105	142	87	2.6	3.7	2.1
Health care and social assistance	865	759	869	4.0	3.4	3.8
Leisure and hospitality	1,044	959	830	6.3	5.6	4.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	125	133	113	4.9	4.9	4.3
Accommodation and food services	919	826	717	6.5	5.7	5.0
Other services	200	267	260	3.4	4.5	4.4
Government	354	402	333	1.5	1.7	1.4
Federal	46	36	30	1.5	1.2	1.0
State and local	309	366	303	1.5	1.8	1.5
State and local education	164	224	155	1.5	2.1	1.4
State and local, excluding education	145	143	148	1.5	1.5	1.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	915	916	846	3.3	3.2	3.0
South	2,575	2,278	2,339	4.3	3.8	3.9
Midwest	1,286	1,168	1,220	3.8	3.5	3.6
West	1,469	1,268	1,329	4.0	3.4	3.5
Footnotes (1) The hires level is the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 10. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)
Total	5,684	5,459	5,330	3.6	3.4	3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,409	5,117	5,053	4.0	3.8	3.7
Mining and logging	24	20	21	3.6	3.1	3.3
Construction	385	298	297	4.7	3.5	3.5
Manufacturing	364	377	338	2.8	2.9	2.6
Durable goods	199	213	175	2.4	2.6	2.2
Nondurable goods	166	164	163	3.4	3.4	3.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,106	960	1,022	3.8	3.3	3.5
Wholesale trade	142	126	121	2.3	2.0	1.9
Retail trade	654	571	594	4.2	3.7	3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	310	263	307	4.3	3.6	4.2
Information	70	73	66	2.3	2.4	2.2
Financial activities	204	215	184	2.2	2.3	2.0
Finance and insurance	127	146	112	1.9	2.2	1.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	78	68	73	3.1	2.7	2.9
Professional and business services	1,136	1,071	1,108	4.9	4.7	4.8
Private education and health services	808	716	812	3.1	2.7	3.0
Private educational services	79	93	61	2.0	2.4	1.5
Health care and social assistance	730	623	751	3.3	2.8	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	1,128	1,137	971	6.8	6.7	5.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	171	335	194	6.7	12.4	7.4
Accommodation and food services	957	802	777	6.8	5.6	5.4
Other services	184	251	233	3.1	4.2	3.9
Government	275	342	277	1.2	1.5	1.2
Federal	38	31	30	1.3	1.0	1.0
State and local	238	311	247	1.2	1.5	1.2
State and local education	97	123	106	0.9	1.1	0.9
State and local, excluding education	140	189	141	1.5	2.0	1.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,001	1,009	754	3.6	3.6	2.6
South	2,336	2,188	2,061	3.9	3.7	3.4
Midwest	1,129	1,164	1,142	3.4	3.4	3.4
West	1,218	1,098	1,373	3.3	2.9	3.7
Footnotes (1) The total separations level is the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 11. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)
Total	3,706	3,264	3,413	2.3	2.1	2.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,539	3,070	3,255	2.6	2.3	2.4
Mining and logging	15	13	12	2.3	2.0	1.9
Construction	183	124	164	2.2	1.5	1.9
Manufacturing	218	201	205	1.7	1.6	1.6
Durable goods	119	114	110	1.5	1.4	1.4
Nondurable goods	99	87	95	2.0	1.8	2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	784	651	655	2.7	2.2	2.2
Wholesale trade	81	69	62	1.3	1.1	1.0
Retail trade	510	441	412	3.3	2.8	2.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	194	141	181	2.7	2.0	2.5
Information	43	29	35	1.4	1.0	1.2
Financial activities	125	125	106	1.4	1.4	1.1
Finance and insurance	86	86	59	1.3	1.3	0.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	40	40	47	1.6	1.6	1.9
Professional and business services	698	549	578	3.0	2.4	2.5
Private education and health services	608	495	585	2.4	1.9	2.2
Private educational services	59	42	40	1.5	1.1	1.0
Health care and social assistance	549	453	545	2.5	2.0	2.4
Leisure and hospitality	759	721	742	4.5	4.2	4.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	66	118	88	2.6	4.4	3.3
Accommodation and food services	693	602	654	4.9	4.2	4.6
Other services	106	163	174	1.8	2.8	2.9
Government	167	194	158	0.7	0.8	0.7
Federal	16	15	14	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local	151	179	144	0.7	0.9	0.7
State and local education	60	74	69	0.5	0.7	0.6
State and local, excluding education	91	105	75	1.0	1.1	0.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	523	563	443	1.9	2.0	1.6
South	1,641	1,335	1,330	2.8	2.2	2.2
Midwest	773	705	794	2.3	2.1	2.3
West	770	661	846	2.1	1.8	2.3
Footnotes (1) The quits level is the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 12. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)
Total	1,657	1,911	1,635	1.0	1.2	1.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,585	1,815	1,558	1.2	1.3	1.1
Mining and logging	6	5	7	1.0	0.8	1.1
Construction	193	157	122	2.3	1.9	1.4
Manufacturing	130	159	111	1.0	1.2	0.9
Durable goods	67	90	52	0.8	1.1	0.6
Nondurable goods	63	69	59	1.3	1.4	1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	250	273	323	0.9	0.9	1.1
Wholesale trade	54	44	41	0.9	0.7	0.7
Retail trade	102	119	166	0.7	0.8	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	94	110	117	1.3	1.5	1.6
Information	14	32	24	0.5	1.1	0.8
Financial activities	62	55	56	0.7	0.6	0.6
Finance and insurance	29	29	37	0.4	0.4	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	33	26	19	1.3	1.0	0.8
Professional and business services	366	471	459	1.6	2.0	2.0
Private education and health services	167	191	183	0.6	0.7	0.7
Private educational services	17	46	18	0.4	1.2	0.5
Health care and social assistance	150	145	165	0.7	0.6	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	338	403	215	2.0	2.4	1.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	102	213	98	4.0	7.9	3.7
Accommodation and food services	235	191	117	1.7	1.3	0.8
Other services	58	69	58	1.0	1.2	1.0
Government	72	96	77	0.3	0.4	0.3
Federal	11	5	8	0.4	0.2	0.3
State and local	61	91	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
State and local education	30	32	27	0.3	0.3	0.2
State and local, excluding education	31	59	42	0.3	0.6	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	407	401	232	1.5	1.4	0.8
South	545	753	635	0.9	1.3	1.1
Midwest	311	401	301	0.9	1.2	0.9
West	394	356	467	1.1	1.0	1.2
Footnotes (1) The layoffs and discharges level is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 13. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)
Total	322	284	282	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	285	232	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	3	2	2	0.4	0.3	0.2
Construction	10	18	11	0.1	0.2	0.1
Manufacturing	16	17	22	0.1	0.1	0.2
Durable goods	12	9	13	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nondurable goods	4	8	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	72	35	44	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wholesale trade	7	13	18	0.1	0.2	0.3
Retail trade	42	10	16	0.3	0.1	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	23	12	10	0.3	0.2	0.1
Information	12	12	7	0.4	0.4	0.2
Financial activities	17	34	22	0.2	0.4	0.2
Finance and insurance	12	31	16	0.2	0.5	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	5	3	7	0.2	0.1	0.3
Professional and business services	71	51	72	0.3	0.2	0.3
Private education and health services	34	30	44	0.1	0.1	0.2
Private educational services	3	4	3	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	31	26	41	0.1	0.1	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	31	13	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	4	9	0.1	0.1	0.3
Accommodation and food services	28	9	6	0.2	0.1	0.0
Other services	19	19	1	0.3	0.3	0.0
Government	36	52	42	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	11	11	8	0.4	0.4	0.3
State and local	25	41	33	0.1	0.2	0.2
State and local education	7	16	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
State and local, excluding education	18	25	24	0.2	0.3	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	70	44	79	0.2	0.2	0.3
South	152	100	96	0.3	0.2	0.2
Midwest	45	59	48	0.1	0.2	0.1
West	54	82	60	0.1	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) The other separations level is the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.

Table 14. Job openings, hires, and separations levels and rates by establishment size class, not seasonally adjusted

Establishment size class	Levels (in thousands)			Rates
	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)	Oct. 2023	Sept. 2024	Oct. 2024(p)
JOB OPENINGS
Total private	8,235	6,404	7,342	5.8	4.5	5.1
1 to 9 employees	1,956	1,084	1,750	8.3	5.2	7.3
10 to 49 employees	2,331	2,072	2,298	5.3	4.6	5.1
50 to 249 employees	2,072	1,791	1,890	5.0	4.3	4.6
250 to 999 employees	1,042	791	746	5.3	4.0	3.8
1,000 to 4,999 employees	597	452	448	6.2	4.9	5.0
5,000 or more employees	236	214	209	5.1	4.2	4.5
HIRES
Total private	5,891	5,228	5,401	4.4	3.9	4.0
1 to 9 employees	1,006	759	888	4.7	3.8	4.0
10 to 49 employees	1,652	1,714	1,662	4.0	4.0	3.9
50 to 249 employees	1,838	1,634	1,691	4.7	4.1	4.3
250 to 999 employees	888	681	725	4.7	3.5	3.9
1,000 to 4,999 employees	418	346	360	4.6	3.9	4.3
5,000 or more employees	89	94	75	2.0	2.0	1.7
TOTAL SEPARATIONS
Total private	5,409	5,117	5,053	4.0	3.8	3.7
1 to 9 employees	841	624	830	3.9	3.1	3.7
10 to 49 employees	1,590	1,815	1,601	3.8	4.2	3.7
50 to 249 employees	1,784	1,615	1,598	4.5	4.0	4.1
250 to 999 employees	784	695	661	4.2	3.6	3.5
1,000 to 4,999 employees	355	298	306	3.9	3.4	3.6
5,000 or more employees	55	70	58	1.3	1.4	1.3
QUITS
Total private	3,539	3,070	3,255	2.6	2.3	2.4
1 to 9 employees	565	336	425	2.6	1.7	1.9
10 to 49 employees	1,076	1,187	1,172	2.6	2.8	2.7
50 to 249 employees	1,109	928	1,046	2.8	2.3	2.7
250 to 999 employees	524	401	403	2.8	2.1	2.1
1,000 to 4,999 employees	230	174	172	2.5	2.0	2.0
5,000 or more employees	35	43	35	0.8	0.9	0.8
LAYOFFS AND DISCHARGES
Total private	1,585	1,815	1,558	1.2	1.3	1.1
1 to 9 employees	207	272	381	1.0	1.4	1.7
10 to 49 employees	422	548	349	1.0	1.3	0.8
50 to 249 employees	608	617	481	1.5	1.5	1.2
250 to 999 employees	236	263	220	1.3	1.4	1.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	99	97	113	1.1	1.1	1.3
5,000 or more employees	13	17	14	0.3	0.4	0.3
OTHER SEPARATIONS
Total private	285	232	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
1 to 9 employees	68	15	24	0.3	0.1	0.1
10 to 49 employees	92	79	81	0.2	0.2	0.2
50 to 249 employees	67	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
250 to 999 employees	23	30	37	0.1	0.2	0.2
1,000 to 4,999 employees	26	28	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
5,000 or more employees	8	10	8	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Establishment size class data are produced for the total private sector only. NOTE: The job openings level is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of employment plus job openings. The rates for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations are the number of each during the entire month as percent of employment. NOTE: Data are revised with the release of January data to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.