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Table 1. Recent labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data

Table 1. Recent labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data
Industry	2017 NAICS code	2023 Employment (thousands)	Percent change, 2022-2023
Industry	2017 NAICS code	2023 Employment (thousands)	Labor productivity	Unit labor costs	Output	Hours worked	Labor compen- sation	Hourly compen- sation
Mining

Mining	21	606.9	1.0	4.3	5.8	4.8	10.5	5.4

Oil and gas extraction	211	118.4	5.8	-0.9	7.4	1.5	6.4	4.8
Oil and gas extraction	2111	118.4	5.8	-0.9	7.4	1.5	6.4	4.8

Mining, except oil and gas	212	189.7	-2.8	10.1	-1.4	1.4	8.5	7.0
Coal mining	2121	42.7	-4.9	16.8	-2.0	3.1	14.4	11.0
Metal ore mining	2122	43.7	2.3	4.2	-1.8	-4.0	2.3	6.6
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	2123	103.3	-3.6	9.9	-0.8	2.9	9.0	6.0

Support activities for mining	213	298.8	-5.5	12.8	2.1	8.1	15.2	6.6
Support activities for mining	2131	298.8	-5.5	12.8	2.1	8.1	15.2	6.6

Nondurable Manufacturing

Food	311	1,779.1	-1.3	7.3	-1.9	-0.6	5.3	5.9
Animal food	3111	73.8	6.8	8.2	-1.8	-8.0	6.3	15.6
Grain and oilseed milling	3112	63.7	2.8	8.9	-1.1	-3.8	7.7	12.0
Sugar and confectionery products	3113	81.5	3.6	10.5	-1.8	-5.2	8.5	14.4
Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty	3114	172.8	5.7	3.3	-1.5	-6.8	1.8	9.2
Dairy products	3115	166.2	-6.6	9.0	-2.1	4.9	6.7	1.8
Animal slaughtering and processing	3116	554.6	-4.0	5.2	-2.3	1.7	2.7	1.0
Seafood product preparation and packaging	3117	28.9	17.0	6.9	0.3	-14.3	7.2	25.0
Bakeries and tortilla products	3118	371.4	-2.9	7.8	-1.8	1.1	5.8	4.7
Other food products	3119	266.2	-1.9	11.0	-2.1	-0.2	8.7	9.0

Beverages and tobacco products	312	343.8	-5.9	9.8	-4.0	2.0	5.4	3.3
Beverages	3121	333.0	-4.2	8.4	-2.3	2.0	6.0	3.8
Tobacco	3122	10.8	-8.0	7.0	-8.0	0.0	-1.6	-1.6

Textile mills	313	92.8	9.6	0.0	-2.6	-11.1	-2.6	9.6
Fiber, yarn, and thread mills	3131	22.5	12.9	-5.5	-4.8	-15.7	-10.1	6.6
Fabric mills	3132	44.9	7.4	4.7	-5.4	-11.9	-0.9	12.5
Textile and fabric finishing mills	3133	25.4	7.9	-3.3	2.9	-4.6	-0.5	4.3

Textile product mills	314	106.7	2.1	8.4	-8.6	-10.5	-0.9	10.7
Textile furnishings mills	3141	42.3	1.7	9.3	-11.6	-13.0	-3.3	11.2
Other textile product mills	3149	64.4	3.5	6.8	-5.4	-8.6	1.1	10.6

Apparel	315	107.8	7.7	2.0	-2.9	-9.8	-1.0	9.8
Apparel knitting mills	3151	7.3	-1.1	3.2	-6.1	-5.1	-3.2	2.1
Cut and sew apparel	3152	84.9	9.9	0.9	-2.4	-11.2	-1.5	10.9
Accessories and other apparel	3159	15.6	1.2	8.1	-3.8	-5.0	3.9	9.4

Leather and allied products	316	30.0	-2.3	3.7	-0.6	1.7	3.1	1.4
Leather and hide tanning and finishing	3161	4.1	-0.9	-3.5	2.7	3.6	-0.9	-4.4
Footwear	3162	12.3	-4.6	10.9	-1.0	3.7	9.8	5.8
Other leather products	3169	13.6	-1.6	1.0	-2.1	-0.5	-1.1	-0.6

Paper	322	358.3	-1.1	8.8	-6.2	-5.2	2.1	7.7
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills	3221	87.6	2.2	10.3	-4.6	-6.7	5.2	12.8
Converted paper products	3222	270.7	-2.7	8.4	-7.2	-4.6	0.6	5.4

Printing and related support activities	323	391.8	-2.7	7.3	-5.6	-3.0	1.3	4.4
Printing and related support activities	3231	391.8	-2.7	7.3	-5.6	-3.0	1.3	4.4

Petroleum and coal products	324	109.1	4.7	6.4	0.4	-4.0	6.9	11.4
Petroleum and coal products	3241	109.1	4.7	6.4	0.4	-4.0	6.9	11.4

Chemicals	325	918.5	-2.3	3.8	-1.5	0.8	2.2	1.4
Basic chemicals	3251	156.6	-9.4	11.5	-5.1	4.8	5.9	1.0
Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers	3252	97.2	-0.3	-1.0	-0.9	-0.5	-1.8	-1.3
Agricultural chemicals	3253	38.5	-3.1	1.4	-0.7	2.5	0.6	-1.8
Pharmaceuticals and medicines	3254	351.1	2.9	-0.2	2.8	-0.2	2.6	2.8
Paints, coatings, and adhesives	3255	65.2	1.2	0.7	-3.0	-4.2	-2.3	2.0
Soaps, cleaning compounds, and toiletries	3256	125.7	-2.6	2.5	-0.5	2.1	1.9	-0.2
Other chemical products and preparations	3259	84.2	-3.7	5.6	-3.5	0.3	1.9	1.6

Plastics and rubber products	326	742.2	-2.4	7.3	-4.7	-2.4	2.3	4.8
Plastics products	3261	605.1	-2.8	7.7	-5.3	-2.6	2.0	4.7
Rubber products	3262	137.1	-0.5	5.4	-1.9	-1.4	3.5	5.0

Durable Manufacturing

Wood products	321	451.9	-5.6	6.4	-5.8	-0.3	0.2	0.5
Sawmills and wood preservation	3211	103.4	-2.7	3.2	-0.1	2.6	3.0	0.4
Plywood and engineered wood products	3212	83.1	-3.4	5.3	-7.9	-4.7	-3.0	1.8
Other wood products	3219	265.4	-7.4	8.2	-7.3	0.1	0.3	0.2

Nonmetallic mineral products	327	437.9	-3.6	6.9	-1.8	1.9	5.0	3.1
Clay products and refractories	3271	42.3	5.8	10.3	-7.9	-12.9	1.6	16.6
Glass and glass products	3272	87.0	-4.2	6.8	-3.2	1.1	3.4	2.3
Cement and concrete products	3273	209.6	-3.8	7.0	-1.4	2.5	5.5	3.0
Lime and gypsum products	3274	16.3	-8.4	8.6	-1.4	7.7	7.1	-0.6
Other nonmetallic mineral products	3279	82.7	-7.5	6.2	0.1	8.2	6.3	-1.8

Primary metals	331	380.5	-3.5	7.7	-1.3	2.3	6.3	3.9
Iron and steel mills and ferroalloys	3311	83.6	-0.4	3.8	-0.4	0.0	3.3	3.4
Steel products from purchased steel	3312	60.4	-5.5	8.7	-0.4	5.4	8.2	2.7
Alumina and aluminum production	3313	60.7	-4.4	9.0	-4.6	-0.2	4.0	4.2
Other nonferrous metal production	3314	64.3	-5.0	9.4	1.7	7.0	11.2	3.9
Foundries	3315	111.5	-7.4	14.4	-6.2	1.4	7.3	5.9

Fabricated metal products	332	1,480.7	-3.5	8.6	-2.3	1.2	6.2	4.9
Forging and stamping	3321	90.7	-2.6	10.3	-7.1	-4.5	2.5	7.4
Cutlery and handtools	3322	36.9	-3.2	0.9	-2.0	1.3	-1.1	-2.4
Architectural and structural metals	3323	418.5	-4.6	7.4	-0.3	4.5	7.0	2.4
Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers	3324	95.4	-4.8	12.5	-4.7	0.1	7.2	7.1
Hardware	3325	24.8	0.4	4.0	-2.2	-2.6	1.7	4.4
Spring and wire products	3326	41.2	0.5	5.0	-1.2	-1.6	3.8	5.5
Machine shops and threaded products	3327	354.2	-0.7	6.8	-1.5	-0.8	5.2	6.0
Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals	3328	131.7	-6.7	14.1	-5.7	1.0	7.6	6.5
Other fabricated metal products	3329	287.3	-4.0	10.4	-1.9	2.2	8.3	6.0

Machinery	333	1,145.2	-3.4	10.1	-3.3	0.1	6.4	6.3
Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery	3331	223.2	-3.9	13.0	-2.5	1.5	10.2	8.6
Industrial machinery	3332	136.2	-5.4	8.5	-4.7	0.8	3.4	2.6
Commercial and service industry machinery	3333	91.1	-1.4	3.0	-0.5	0.9	2.5	1.6
HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment	3334	149.2	-7.5	16.9	-7.5	0.0	8.1	8.2
Metalworking machinery	3335	162.9	-2.9	6.0	-3.6	-0.7	2.2	2.9
Turbine and power transmission equipment	3336	93.0	-4.8	14.4	-5.2	-0.4	8.4	8.9
Other general purpose machinery	3339	289.6	-1.0	8.8	-1.8	-0.8	6.9	7.7

Computer and electronic products	334	1,111.3	-0.5	6.3	-1.1	-0.6	5.2	5.8
Computer and peripheral equipment	3341	163.9	2.5	2.3	1.3	-1.1	3.7	4.8
Communications equipment	3342	86.7	6.0	0.1	1.8	-4.0	1.9	6.2
Audio and video equipment	3343	19.6	-0.1	-7.6	-1.8	-1.7	-9.3	-7.7
Semiconductors and electronic components	3344	396.1	0.8	6.0	0.5	-0.3	6.6	6.9
Electronic instruments	3345	432.9	-3.1	8.4	-2.7	0.4	5.5	5.0
Magnetic media manufacturing and reproducing	3346	12.1	5.7	-2.2	-1.0	-6.4	-3.2	3.4

Electrical equipment and appliances	335	421.0	-5.3	8.9	-2.1	3.4	6.6	3.1
Electric lighting equipment	3351	39.4	-4.5	3.8	-3.1	1.4	0.6	-0.8
Household appliances	3352	65.6	-1.5	-11.5	-1.6	-0.1	-12.9	-12.8
Electrical equipment	3353	149.0	-5.6	7.6	0.2	6.2	7.8	1.5
Other electrical equipment and components	3359	167.0	-6.5	17.4	-3.9	2.8	12.8	9.8

Transportation equipment	336	1,804.3	-1.0	3.9	3.4	4.5	7.5	2.9
Motor vehicles	3361	296.0	2.2	1.2	6.1	3.8	7.4	3.5
Motor vehicle bodies and trailers	3362	173.2	-15.2	8.5	-12.7	3.0	-5.3	-8.0
Motor vehicle parts	3363	577.1	4.0	-1.0	8.4	4.3	7.3	2.9
Aerospace products and parts	3364	534.6	-3.6	8.2	2.5	6.4	10.9	4.3
Railroad rolling stock	3365	21.8	-12.0	16.6	-6.3	6.5	9.3	2.6
Ship and boat building	3366	158.7	-6.5	9.1	-3.0	3.8	5.9	2.0
Other transportation equipment	3369	42.9	-1.6	8.2	-5.5	-3.9	2.2	6.4

Furniture and related products	337	386.1	-3.8	10.1	-10.0	-6.5	-0.9	6.0
Household and institutional furniture	3371	249.5	-3.3	8.6	-10.8	-7.7	-3.1	5.0
Office furniture and fixtures	3372	105.2	-8.4	15.5	-9.2	-0.9	4.8	5.7
Other furniture related products	3379	31.4	5.9	-2.0	-8.9	-14.0	-10.8	3.7

Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	688.5	-2.8	4.0	-1.1	1.7	2.9	1.2
Medical equipment and supplies	3391	340.3	-0.4	1.8	0.0	0.3	1.8	1.4
Other miscellaneous manufacturing	3399	348.2	-5.5	7.0	-2.5	3.1	4.3	1.1

Table of Contents

Last Modified Date: April 25, 2024