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Table 3. Labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data, 2019-2024


Table 3. Labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data, 2019-2024
Industry 2017 NAICS code 2024
Employment
(thousands)
Annual percent change, 2019-2024
Labor productivity Unit labor costs Output Hours
worked
Labor compen-
sation
Hourly compen-
sation

Mining

Mining

21 597.2 5.1 -0.3 1.0 -3.9 0.8 4.8

Oil and gas extraction

211 123.2 5.3 -1.6 1.8 -3.3 0.2 3.6

Oil and gas extraction

2111 123.2 5.3 -1.6 1.8 -3.3 0.2 3.6

Mining, except oil and gas

212 193.5 -1.0 6.4 -2.4 -1.4 3.8 5.3

Coal mining

2121 42.5 -2.0 7.7 -6.7 -4.8 0.4 5.5

Metal ore mining

2122 45.9 -3.0 7.9 -2.4 0.6 5.3 4.7

Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying

2123 105.1 0.8 4.8 0.2 -0.6 4.9 5.6

Support activities for mining

213 280.5 0.0 5.2 -5.4 -5.4 -0.5 5.2

Support activities for mining

2131 280.5 0.0 5.2 -5.4 -5.4 -0.5 5.2

Nondurable Manufacturing

Food

311 1,826.6 -1.1 6.5 0.0 1.1 6.5 5.3

Animal food

3111 76.2 -1.8 7.7 -0.2 1.6 7.5 5.8

Grain and oilseed milling

3112 67.6 -1.5 3.4 1.5 3.1 4.9 1.8

Sugar and confectionery products

3113 88.1 -2.1 7.4 -0.7 1.5 6.7 5.2

Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty

3114 174.1 0.3 4.6 0.1 -0.1 4.7 4.8

Dairy products

3115 171.4 -2.8 6.9 -0.2 2.7 6.6 3.9

Animal slaughtering and processing

3116 562.6 -0.1 6.0 0.2 0.3 6.2 5.9

Seafood product preparation and packaging

3117 32.8 -1.7 4.9 -3.7 -2.0 1.0 3.1

Bakeries and tortilla products

3118 378.6 -1.0 6.5 -0.3 0.7 6.1 5.4

Other food products

3119 275.2 -3.4 9.5 -0.4 3.1 9.1 5.8

Beverages and tobacco products

312 352.9 -6.5 8.5 -2.0 4.8 6.3 1.5

Beverages

3121 340.6 -4.9 7.1 -0.4 4.8 6.7 1.8

Tobacco

3122 12.3 -9.0 7.0 -5.9 3.4 0.7 -2.6

Textile mills

313 93.5 -0.3 5.6 -5.4 -5.2 -0.1 5.3

Fiber, yarn, and thread mills

3131 20.8 1.2 5.5 -6.3 -7.5 -1.1 6.8

Fabric mills

3132 46.3 1.2 6.1 -3.8 -5.0 2.0 7.3

Textile and fabric finishing mills

3133 26.4 -5.0 5.4 -8.2 -3.3 -3.2 0.2

Textile product mills

314 108.3 -0.9 6.9 -5.0 -4.1 1.6 6.0

Textile furnishings mills

3141 42.6 1.5 5.6 -4.4 -5.8 0.9 7.1

Other textile product mills

3149 65.7 -3.0 8.4 -5.7 -2.9 2.2 5.2

Apparel

315 102.7 1.2 3.7 -3.9 -5.0 -0.4 4.9

Apparel knitting mills

3151 6.1 8.6 -0.3 -2.8 -10.5 -3.1 8.3

Cut and sew apparel

3152 81.0 1.2 3.9 -4.4 -5.6 -0.7 5.2

Accessories and other apparel

3159 15.6 -2.4 5.8 -0.9 1.6 4.9 3.3

Leather and allied products

316 28.1 0.7 1.4 -0.8 -1.6 0.6 2.2

Leather and hide tanning and finishing

3161 3.8 2.3 2.7 -1.5 -3.7 1.1 5.0

Footwear

3162 11.9 -4.0 3.8 -5.3 -1.3 -1.8 -0.4

Other leather products

3169 12.4 5.2 -1.3 4.1 -1.1 2.8 3.9

Paper

322 355.7 -2.5 5.7 -3.0 -0.5 2.6 3.1

Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills

3221 85.4 -1.5 4.5 -3.9 -2.4 0.4 2.9

Converted paper products

3222 270.3 -2.5 6.1 -2.3 0.3 3.7 3.4

Printing and related support activities

323 377.6 0.2 4.7 -3.6 -3.8 0.9 4.9

Printing and related support activities

3231 377.6 0.2 4.7 -3.6 -3.8 0.9 4.9

Petroleum and coal products

324 110.0 1.4 4.2 -0.5 -1.9 3.7 5.7

Petroleum and coal products

3241 110.0 1.4 4.2 -0.5 -1.9 3.7 5.7

Chemicals

325 905.7 -0.9 6.1 -0.3 0.6 5.8 5.1

Basic chemicals

3251 155.0 1.0 4.6 0.4 -0.6 5.0 5.7

Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers

3252 96.0 0.9 2.2 0.6 -0.3 2.9 3.2

Agricultural chemicals

3253 39.9 -3.9 3.2 -1.7 2.4 1.5 -0.8

Pharmaceuticals and medicines

3254 352.0 -1.5 8.2 0.3 1.8 8.5 6.6

Paints, coatings, and adhesives

3255 65.1 -2.7 9.2 -2.4 0.4 6.6 6.3

Soaps, cleaning compounds, and toiletries

3256 116.7 -3.9 7.5 -3.4 0.6 3.8 3.2

Other chemical products and preparations

3259 81.0 0.4 3.5 -0.4 -0.8 3.1 3.9

Plastics and rubber products

326 729.9 -1.3 6.1 -1.8 -0.5 4.2 4.8

Plastics products

3261 597.0 -1.4 6.2 -1.7 -0.3 4.4 4.7

Rubber products

3262 132.9 -0.6 5.8 -2.2 -1.6 3.5 5.2

Durable Manufacturing

Wood products

321 446.6 -0.2 5.8 -0.7 -0.5 5.0 5.6

Sawmills and wood preservation

3211 101.8 3.3 2.2 1.7 -1.5 4.0 5.6

Plywood and engineered wood products

3212 82.4 -4.1 8.1 -3.3 0.8 4.5 3.7

Other wood products

3219 262.4 0.1 6.1 -0.5 -0.6 5.6 6.2

Nonmetallic mineral products

327 440.2 -1.8 7.0 -1.8 0.0 5.1 5.0

Clay products and refractories

3271 43.3 -0.9 7.2 -3.8 -2.9 3.2 6.3

Glass and glass products

3272 84.1 0.6 3.3 -0.9 -1.5 2.3 3.9

Cement and concrete products

3273 210.0 -2.8 9.2 -2.5 0.3 6.5 6.1

Lime and gypsum products

3274 17.0 -0.4 6.2 1.3 1.7 7.6 5.8

Other nonmetallic mineral products

3279 85.8 -3.4 6.4 -1.4 2.1 4.9 2.8

Primary metals

331 373.5 -1.8 7.4 -3.6 -1.8 3.6 5.5

Iron and steel mills and ferroalloys

3311 85.7 -4.4 9.7 -6.0 -1.6 3.2 4.9

Steel products from purchased steel

3312 60.1 0.7 7.7 -0.1 -0.8 7.6 8.5

Alumina and aluminum production

3313 59.0 -0.2 5.0 -1.8 -1.6 3.1 4.7

Other nonferrous metal production

3314 62.7 0.3 5.1 -0.9 -1.1 4.2 5.4

Foundries

3315 106.0 -0.8 5.9 -3.8 -3.0 1.9 5.1

Fabricated metal products

332 1,458.0 -0.7 6.0 -1.7 -1.0 4.2 5.2

Forging and stamping

3321 90.8 -5.3 7.4 -7.0 -1.9 -0.1 1.8

Cutlery and handtools

3322 35.0 -0.9 1.6 -1.3 -0.4 0.2 0.6

Architectural and structural metals

3323 416.6 0.8 6.8 1.2 0.4 8.0 7.6

Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers

3324 97.7 -4.3 8.4 -5.1 -0.8 2.9 3.7

Hardware

3325 23.1 -1.8 6.2 -3.7 -1.9 2.2 4.3

Spring and wire products

3326 39.5 -2.1 6.3 -4.1 -2.1 1.9 4.1

Machine shops and threaded products

3327 343.0 1.0 4.8 -1.8 -2.7 2.9 5.8

Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals

3328 129.6 -0.5 6.2 -3.5 -3.0 2.5 5.7

Other fabricated metal products

3329 282.7 -1.5 5.3 -1.1 0.4 4.1 3.7

Machinery

333 1,131.5 -1.8 6.6 -2.3 -0.5 4.1 4.7

Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery

3331 218.3 -2.5 6.4 -3.1 -0.6 3.1 3.8

Industrial machinery

3332 136.0 -5.5 7.6 -3.5 2.2 3.9 1.6

Commercial and service industry machinery

3333 89.4 4.4 3.1 2.6 -1.7 5.8 7.7

HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment

3334 147.6 -3.8 7.7 -2.2 1.7 5.3 3.6

Metalworking machinery

3335 157.1 1.3 3.8 -3.0 -4.2 0.7 5.1

Turbine and power transmission equipment

3336 92.9 0.3 7.0 -1.1 -1.5 5.8 7.3

Other general purpose machinery

3339 290.2 -2.9 7.8 -2.8 0.1 4.8 4.7

Computer and electronic products

334 1,034.4 1.9 3.2 1.1 -0.8 4.4 5.2

Computer and peripheral equipment

3341 110.7 3.3 3.3 -0.7 -3.9 2.6 6.8

Communications equipment

3342 83.0 3.3 -4.2 3.9 0.6 -0.4 -1.0

Audio and video equipment

3343 19.3 11.2 -4.2 8.6 -2.4 4.0 6.5

Semiconductors and electronic components

3344 395.1 3.2 3.5 3.5 0.3 7.2 6.8

Electronic instruments

3345 415.4 0.2 4.8 -1.0 -1.2 3.8 5.0

Magnetic media manufacturing and reproducing

3346 10.9 6.4 -4.7 2.4 -3.8 -2.4 1.4

Electrical equipment and appliances

335 415.1 0.5 6.0 0.6 0.1 6.6 6.5

Electric lighting equipment

3351 34.9 2.9 5.1 -4.1 -6.8 0.8 8.1

Household appliances

3352 60.1 -0.2 4.0 -2.6 -2.4 1.3 3.7

Electrical equipment

3353 153.6 -3.1 9.5 -1.6 1.6 7.7 6.1

Other electrical equipment and components

3359 166.5 2.5 4.4 4.1 1.5 8.6 7.0

Transportation equipment

336 1,809.6 -0.5 4.3 0.1 0.6 4.4 3.8

Motor vehicles

3361 302.6 -2.6 3.6 2.0 4.7 5.7 1.0

Motor vehicle bodies and trailers

3362 165.8 -1.8 6.8 -2.2 -0.5 4.4 4.9

Motor vehicle parts

3363 558.8 2.6 0.6 1.2 -1.3 1.9 3.2

Aerospace products and parts

3364 563.0 -4.9 10.2 -4.2 0.8 5.6 4.8

Railroad rolling stock

3365 23.6 -1.0 8.4 -1.3 -0.3 6.9 7.3

Ship and boat building

3366 152.7 0.7 4.1 1.3 0.6 5.4 4.8

Other transportation equipment

3369 43.1 -4.6 3.7 -1.6 3.1 2.0 -1.1

Furniture and related products

337 365.8 -1.3 7.6 -4.4 -3.1 2.9 6.2

Household and institutional furniture

3371 235.7 0.6 6.3 -2.1 -2.7 4.1 6.9

Office furniture and fixtures

3372 102.1 -4.7 10.9 -8.2 -3.6 1.9 5.7

Other furniture related products

3379 28.0 1.9 3.1 -3.3 -5.1 -0.3 5.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing

339 661.7 -1.3 5.7 -1.5 -0.2 4.1 4.3

Medical equipment and supplies

3391 333.3 -1.1 6.2 -0.7 0.5 5.4 4.9

Other miscellaneous manufacturing

3399 328.4 -1.7 4.9 -2.7 -0.9 2.1 3.1
Last Modified Date: April 24, 2025