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Table 3. Labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data, 2019-2025

Table 3. Labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data, 2019-2025
Industry	2017 NAICS code	2025 Employment (thousands)	Annual percent change, 2019-2025
Industry	2017 NAICS code	2025 Employment (thousands)	Labor productivity	Unit labor costs	Output	Hours worked	Labor compen- sation	Hourly compen- sation
Mining

Mining	21	579.5	4.9	-0.6	1.2	-3.5	0.7	4.3

Oil and gas extraction	211	118.1	7.1	-1.7	2.0	-4.7	0.3	5.3
Oil and gas extraction	2111	118.1	7.1	-1.7	2.0	-4.7	0.3	5.3

Mining, except oil and gas	212	190.5	-1.0	5.7	-2.2	-1.2	3.4	4.7
Coal mining	2121	39.9	0.4	4.3	-4.4	-4.8	-0.3	4.7
Metal ore mining	2122	45.2	-3.7	8.5	-3.1	0.6	5.1	4.5
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	2123	105.4	0.2	4.8	-0.1	-0.3	4.6	4.9

Support activities for mining	213	270.9	-0.5	4.4	-4.9	-4.4	-0.7	3.9
Support activities for mining	2131	270.9	-0.5	4.4	-4.9	-4.4	-0.7	3.9

Nondurable Manufacturing

Food	311	1,839.9	-1.2	6.0	-0.2	1.0	5.7	4.7
Animal food	3111	76.4	-1.1	6.8	0.7	1.8	7.5	5.6
Grain and oilseed milling	3112	68.0	-1.1	3.5	1.0	2.1	4.5	2.4
Sugar and confectionery products	3113	82.0	-1.2	5.7	-0.6	0.6	5.1	4.5
Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty	3114	179.3	-1.2	6.1	-1.3	-0.1	4.7	4.8
Dairy products	3115	170.0	-1.8	4.8	0.3	2.1	5.2	3.0
Animal slaughtering and processing	3116	562.0	-0.3	6.1	-0.2	0.1	5.9	5.8
Seafood product preparation and packaging	3117	33.5	-2.1	5.8	-4.3	-2.2	1.3	3.6
Bakeries and tortilla products	3118	392.0	-1.5	5.6	-0.4	1.1	5.2	4.1
Other food products	3119	276.7	-3.4	8.1	-0.2	3.3	7.8	4.4

Beverages and tobacco products	312	337.8	-6.3	10.0	-3.5	3.0	6.2	3.1
Beverages	3121	325.8	-6.3	10.2	-3.5	3.0	6.4	3.2
Tobacco	3122	12.0	-5.4	7.8	-3.6	1.9	3.9	2.0

Textile mills	313	86.7	0.6	5.6	-4.9	-5.5	0.4	6.3
Fiber, yarn, and thread mills	3131	20.1	0.7	7.0	-6.0	-6.7	0.6	7.8
Fabric mills	3132	44.8	1.9	5.1	-2.8	-4.6	2.2	7.1
Textile and fabric finishing mills	3133	21.8	-2.7	6.2	-8.5	-6.0	-2.9	3.3

Textile product mills	314	104.9	0.4	5.0	-3.2	-3.6	1.6	5.3
Textile furnishings mills	3141	40.2	2.1	4.1	-3.0	-5.0	0.9	6.2
Other textile product mills	3149	64.7	-1.1	5.9	-3.6	-2.5	2.1	4.7

Apparel	315	94.0	1.4	4.1	-4.7	-6.0	-0.8	5.5
Apparel knitting mills	3151	6.8	3.9	5.7	-4.1	-7.7	1.3	9.8
Cut and sew apparel	3152	72.4	1.9	3.4	-5.1	-6.8	-1.8	5.4
Accessories and other apparel	3159	14.8	-1.7	6.3	-1.8	-0.1	4.4	4.5

Footwear	3162	11.1	-1.4	0.8	-4.1	-2.7	-3.4	-0.6

Paper	322	355.4	-2.4	5.7	-2.8	-0.4	2.7	3.1
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills	3221	82.9	-1.8	4.7	-4.0	-2.3	0.5	2.8
Converted paper products	3222	272.5	-2.3	6.0	-2.0	0.3	3.9	3.6

Printing and related support activities	323	370.8	-0.5	4.8	-4.2	-3.7	0.4	4.3
Printing and related support activities	3231	370.8	-0.5	4.8	-4.2	-3.7	0.4	4.3

Petroleum and coal products	324	110.7	0.4	3.0	-0.6	-1.0	2.3	3.4
Petroleum and coal products	3241	110.7	0.4	3.0	-0.6	-1.0	2.3	3.4

Chemicals	325	909.0	-0.6	5.6	0.2	0.8	5.8	5.0
Basic chemicals	3251	156.4	0.4	3.5	0.8	0.4	4.3	3.9
Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers	3252	92.9	1.8	2.3	1.0	-0.8	3.3	4.1
Agricultural chemicals	3253	38.1	0.5	2.5	1.7	1.2	4.3	3.1
Pharmaceuticals and medicines	3254	357.5	-0.7	6.9	1.2	1.9	8.2	6.2
Paints, coatings, and adhesives	3255	66.5	-2.1	9.2	-1.6	0.5	7.5	6.9
Soaps, cleaning compounds, and toiletries	3256	117.3	-5.1	8.5	-4.7	0.4	3.3	2.9
Other chemical products and preparations	3259	80.3	-1.3	6.3	-1.3	0.0	5.0	5.0

Plastics and rubber products	326	709.2	-1.7	6.1	-2.6	-1.0	3.3	4.3
Plastics products	3261	582.4	-1.7	6.0	-2.5	-0.8	3.4	4.2
Rubber products	3262	126.8	-1.5	6.7	-3.4	-2.0	3.1	5.1

Durable Manufacturing

Wood products	321	435.8	0.5	5.4	-0.2	-0.7	5.2	6.0
Sawmills and wood preservation	3211	94.0	3.8	1.9	1.4	-2.3	3.4	5.8
Plywood and engineered wood products	3212	81.5	-1.5	6.4	-0.6	0.9	5.8	4.8
Other wood products	3219	260.3	-0.1	6.5	-0.7	-0.6	5.8	6.4

Nonmetallic mineral products	327	431.9	-2.1	7.3	-2.0	0.1	5.1	5.1
Clay products and refractories	3271	42.4	-0.1	6.3	-2.9	-2.8	3.3	6.3
Glass and glass products	3272	81.5	-0.7	5.1	-1.7	-1.0	3.3	4.3
Cement and concrete products	3273	210.5	-3.0	9.2	-2.2	0.8	6.8	5.9
Other nonmetallic mineral products	3279	80.7	-2.8	6.7	-2.4	0.4	4.1	3.6

Primary metals	331	366.0	-1.6	6.2	-3.1	-1.6	2.9	4.5
Iron and steel mills and ferroalloys	3311	85.4	-3.1	7.6	-4.3	-1.2	3.0	4.3
Steel products from purchased steel	3312	58.3	1.7	5.4	0.7	-0.9	6.1	7.1
Alumina and aluminum production	3313	58.3	-1.3	5.6	-2.9	-1.6	2.5	4.2
Other nonferrous metal production	3314	62.2	-2.4	6.1	-3.0	-0.7	2.9	3.6
Foundries	3315	101.8	-0.8	4.9	-3.5	-2.7	1.2	4.0

Fabricated metal products	332	1,458.0	-1.9	6.3	-2.4	-0.5	3.8	4.3
Forging and stamping	3321	85.7	-3.6	6.3	-6.0	-2.5	0.0	2.5
Architectural and structural metals	3323	421.1	-0.5	6.8	0.6	1.1	7.4	6.3
Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers	3324	96.3	-3.5	7.0	-4.0	-0.5	2.7	3.2
Hardware	3325	22.6	-3.2	7.6	-4.9	-1.7	2.3	4.1
Spring and wire products	3326	39.3	-6.1	9.7	-7.5	-1.5	1.4	2.9
Machine shops and threaded products	3327	337.8	-0.8	5.4	-3.1	-2.3	2.2	4.6
Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals	3328	132.0	-2.0	6.6	-4.1	-2.1	2.2	4.4
Other fabricated metal products	3329	290.7	-3.7	6.9	-2.6	1.1	4.1	3.0

Machinery	333	1,098.4	-1.0	5.5	-2.1	-1.1	3.3	4.4
Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery	3331	204.3	-1.3	4.3	-3.1	-1.9	1.0	3.0
Industrial machinery	3332	131.9	-3.7	5.1	-2.6	1.1	2.4	1.2
Commercial and service industry machinery	3333	86.0	3.0	5.0	0.8	-2.1	5.9	8.2
HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment	3334	149.0	-3.6	8.9	-2.0	1.6	6.7	5.0
Metalworking machinery	3335	151.9	1.8	2.9	-2.6	-4.3	0.2	4.7
Turbine and power transmission equipment	3336	94.8	1.8	4.3	-0.1	-1.8	4.3	6.2
Other general purpose machinery	3339	280.5	-2.0	6.2	-2.2	-0.3	3.8	4.1

Computer and electronic products	334	1,006.3	2.3	3.2	1.2	-1.1	4.5	5.6
Computer and peripheral equipment	3341	99.9	5.5	3.2	1.1	-4.1	4.3	8.8
Communications equipment	3342	80.6	0.8	-1.0	0.8	0.1	-0.2	-0.2
Audio and video equipment	3343	19.7	5.1	1.8	3.7	-1.4	5.6	7.0
Semiconductors and electronic components	3344	383.7	3.1	3.7	3.1	-0.1	6.9	6.9
Electronic instruments	3345	411.9	1.8	3.5	0.4	-1.4	3.9	5.4

Electrical equipment and appliances	335	431.4	-1.4	7.5	-1.0	0.4	6.4	6.0
Electric lighting equipment	3351	35.2	-1.5	7.7	-6.9	-5.5	0.3	6.1
Household appliances	3352	57.2	0.3	4.8	-2.6	-2.9	2.0	5.1
Electrical equipment	3353	162.1	-2.9	9.2	-1.3	1.6	7.8	6.0
Other electrical equipment and components	3359	176.9	-1.1	7.1	0.8	1.9	7.9	5.9

Transportation equipment	336	1,758.4	0.8	3.2	0.6	-0.2	3.9	4.0
Motor vehicles	3361	286.2	0.3	4.3	3.0	2.7	7.5	4.7
Motor vehicle bodies and trailers	3362	158.8	-1.4	5.8	-2.6	-1.2	3.0	4.3
Motor vehicle parts	3363	529.6	2.0	1.4	-0.4	-2.3	1.0	3.4
Aerospace products and parts	3364	575.6	-2.2	5.9	-1.3	0.9	4.5	3.5
Railroad rolling stock	3365	22.2	0.4	7.0	-1.9	-2.3	5.0	7.4
Ship and boat building	3366	149.5	0.7	2.8	1.2	0.5	4.1	3.6
Other transportation equipment	3369	36.5	0.4	1.8	-0.3	-0.7	1.5	2.2

Furniture and related products	337	357.7	-1.4	6.8	-3.9	-2.6	2.6	5.4
Household and institutional furniture	3371	227.8	0.3	5.6	-2.4	-2.6	3.1	5.9
Office furniture and fixtures	3372	101.4	-4.1	8.6	-6.4	-2.4	1.7	4.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	663.3	-2.4	6.9	-2.6	-0.1	4.2	4.3
Medical equipment and supplies	3391	329.7	-2.4	8.1	-2.1	0.3	5.8	5.5
Other miscellaneous manufacturing	3399	333.6	-2.7	5.2	-3.2	-0.6	1.8	2.4

Table of Contents

Last Modified Date: June 24, 2026