Table 4. Annual percent change in total compensation, output, and unit labor costs: mining, manufacturing, and service-producing industries, 1990-95 and 1995-2000
Table 4. Annual percent change in total compensation, output, and unit labor costs: mining, manufacturing, and service-producing
industries, 1990-95 and 1995-2000
Annual percent change, Annual percent change,
1990-95 1995-2000
----------------------------- --------------------------
2000 Total Unit Total Unit
SIC Industry Employment(1) compen- labor compen- labor
code (thousands) sation Output costs sation Output costs
Mining
102 Copper ores 11 6.6 2.9 3.6 -5.5 -4.9 -0.7
104 Gold and silver ores 12 2.0 1.0 1.0 -2.4 2.1 -4.4
12 Coal mining 77 -4.1 -0.9 -3.2 -3.4 -0.4 -3.0
122 Bituminous coal and lignite mining 72 -3.8 -1.0 -2.9 -3.3 -0.4 -2.8
13 Oil and gas extraction 311 1.3 -0.7 2.1 6.1 -0.8 7.0
131 Crude petroleum and natural gas 125 1.0 -0.7 1.7 4.4 -0.8 5.1
14 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 114 2.7 0.1 2.5 4.7 1.2 3.5
142 Crushed and broken stone 45 3.1 0.8 2.3 6.3 2.0 4.2
Manufacturing
201 Meat products 504 5.0 3.6 1.3 5.2 1.8 3.3
202 Dairy products 146 2.6 1.0 1.5 2.8 -0.6 3.4
203 Preserved fruits and vegetables 220 3.3 2.3 0.9 2.2 0.9 1.3
204 Grain mill products 124 2.9 2.1 0.8 2.3 1.4 0.9
205 Bakery products 204 3.5 0.9 2.5 4.1 1.4 2.6
206 Sugar and confectionery products 92 2.6 1.0 1.6 2.4 2.8 -0.3
207 Fats and oils 28 1.0 0.4 0.5 2.8 1.2 1.6
208 Beverages 187 1.9 1.8 0.0 3.7 1.3 2.5
209 Miscellaneous food and kindred products 180 3.0 0.9 2.0 3.0 1.4 1.5
211 Cigarettes 23 0.2 1.0 -0.7 -1.0 -3.4 2.5
221 Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton 62 2.6 3.2 -0.5 -4.2 -3.9 -0.4
222 Broadwoven fabric mills, manmade 55 2.7 3.5 -0.7 -1.5 -1.7 0.2
224 Narrow fabric mills 20 4.9 3.2 1.6 1.8 -2.6 4.6
225 Knitting mills 126 2.8 4.6 -1.7 -4.5 -6.5 2.1
226 Textile finishing, except wool 58 5.5 1.8 3.7 -0.3 0.0 -0.3
227 Carpets and rugs 66 4.7 1.2 3.4 0.9 2.7 -1.8
228 Yarn and thread mills 81 1.4 3.3 -1.8 -0.1 0.0 -0.1
229 Miscellaneous textile goods 54 6.2 3.2 3.0 2.0 1.9 0.1
232 Men's and boys' furnishings 131 1.1 2.2 -1.1 -6.2 -3.0 -3.3
233 Women's and misses' outerwear 185 2.1 2.5 -0.4 -6.1 -1.0 -5.2
234 Women's and children's undergarments 21 -1.0 3.8 -4.6 -11.3 -2.2 -9.3
235 Hats, caps, and millinery 15 6.2 3.2 2.9 0.3 -0.8 1.1
238 Miscellaneous apparel and accessories 30 -0.5 1.0 -1.5 -2.1 -4.9 2.9
239 Miscellaneous fabricated textile products 215 5.8 3.6 2.1 4.6 3.6 1.0
242 Sawmills and planing mills 185 3.8 1.0 2.8 3.2 2.4 0.8
243 Millwork, plywood, and structural members 335 4.7 0.6 4.1 6.3 4.0 2.2
244 Wood containers 59 6.3 1.4 4.9 4.9 3.1 1.7
245 Wood buildings and mobile homes 91 8.8 5.9 2.7 5.5 -0.3 5.8
249 Miscellaneous wood products 83 3.4 2.1 1.3 4.7 3.9 0.8
251 Household furniture 293 3.1 1.7 1.4 4.1 3.2 0.9
252 Office furniture 79 1.8 0.0 1.8 5.4 7.3 -1.8
253 Public building and related furniture 59 12.3 13.7 -1.3 6.6 9.0 -2.2
254 Partitions and fixtures 91 4.7 3.4 1.3 9.0 6.6 2.3
259 Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures 43 4.0 1.5 2.5 4.5 2.6 1.9
261 Pulp mills 13 0.7 1.1 -0.4 -9.6 -9.6 0.0
262 Paper mills 139 2.0 1.2 0.8 -1.0 -1.4 0.4
263 Paperboard mills 47 4.9 2.9 1.9 1.1 -0.5 1.6
265 Paperboard containers and boxes 218 4.4 1.8 2.6 3.2 1.4 1.8
267 Miscellaneous converted paper products 240 3.5 2.4 1.1 3.6 2.0 1.6
271 Newspapers 442 1.2 -3.9 5.3 4.0 2.2 1.8
272 Periodicals 149 4.1 -1.2 5.4 12.7 7.4 4.9
273 Books 126 5.4 1.8 3.6 4.1 1.3 2.8
274 Miscellaneous publishing 95 1.9 1.2 0.6 15.2 8.1 6.6
275 Commercial printing 560 3.3 1.5 1.8 3.8 1.9 1.9
276 Manifold business forms 43 -1.5 -5.8 4.5 -0.3 -3.6 3.4
277 Greeting cards 25 -0.9 -1.1 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.0
278 Blankbooks and bookbinding 60 2.6 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.1 0.7
279 Printing trade services 47 0.7 0.0 0.7 -1.5 -2.1 0.7
281 Industrial inorganic chemicals 72 -0.7 -1.5 0.9 1.7 1.1 0.6
282 Plastics materials and synthetics 154 3.3 2.8 0.5 -0.1 2.2 -2.2
283 Drugs 315 5.7 2.9 2.7 6.2 3.7 2.4
284 Soaps, cleaners, and toilet goods 155 2.3 1.9 0.3 1.9 1.1 0.9
285 Paints and allied products 52 4.4 0.3 4.1 1.9 -0.2 2.2
286 Industrial organic chemicals 120 3.5 -1.7 5.3 2.0 1.2 0.8
287 Agricultural chemicals 51 2.0 -0.1 2.1 0.8 -0.7 1.5
289 Miscellaneous chemical products 93 2.5 0.9 1.6 3.9 3.2 0.6
291 Petroleum refining 85 4.0 1.2 2.8 0.6 1.6 -0.9
295 Asphalt paving and roofing materials 28 2.8 2.0 0.8 1.5 2.9 -1.3
299 Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products 15 4.2 0.9 3.3 1.0 0.6 0.5
301 Tires and inner tubes 79 4.4 4.4 0.0 2.1 2.0 0.1
305 Hose and belting and gaskets and packing 74 4.7 4.0 0.6 5.4 3.8 1.5
306 Fabricated rubber products, n.e.c. 108 4.0 3.6 0.4 3.5 2.9 0.6
308 Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c. 744 5.9 5.6 0.3 5.1 4.6 0.5
314 Footwear, except rubber 28 -3.1 -3.6 0.5 -6.5 -7.1 0.6
321 Flat glass 16 0.0 1.7 -1.7 1.4 6.3 -4.6
322 Glass and glassware, pressed or blown 67 1.0 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.9 -0.2
323 Products of purchased glass 66 5.6 4.0 1.5 5.4 6.5 -1.0
324 Cement, hydraulic 18 2.4 2.1 0.2 4.4 2.7 1.7
325 Structural clay products 34 1.6 0.0 1.6 1.7 1.1 0.6
326 Pottery and related products 38 4.9 4.1 0.8 0.4 0.9 -0.4
327 Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products 248 3.1 0.6 2.5 7.1 4.4 2.6
329 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products 72 3.2 2.2 0.9 2.3 0.5 1.8
331 Blast furnace and basic steel products 225 1.6 3.1 -1.4 0.2 1.4 -1.3
332 Iron and steel foundries 123 2.2 1.9 0.3 2.5 2.2 0.3
333 Primary nonferrous metals 36 0.1 -1.3 1.4 -2.0 -1.5 -0.5
335 Nonferrous rolling and drawing 176 2.7 1.3 1.3 3.5 4.5 -0.9
336 Nonferrous foundries (castings) 94 4.7 4.1 0.6 3.4 3.9 -0.5
339 Miscellaneous primary metal products 28 2.0 7.6 -5.2 4.5 0.0 4.4
341 Metal cans and shipping containers 36 -1.8 -0.6 -1.2 -0.7 1.0 -1.7
342 Cutlery, handtools, and hardware 121 3.3 2.6 0.7 2.0 1.3 0.7
343 Plumbing and heating, except electric 60 3.4 0.8 2.6 5.2 4.9 0.3
344 Fabricated structural metal products 498 2.3 1.8 0.5 6.7 4.8 1.8
346 Metal forgings and stampings 255 4.0 6.0 -1.9 3.2 3.7 -0.5
347 Metal services, n.e.c. 146 5.2 5.7 -0.5 4.7 3.7 1.0
348 Ordnance and accessories, n.e.c. 38 -7.6 -6.1 -1.6 -3.2 -4.6 1.4
349 Miscellaneous fabricated metal products 277 4.6 3.4 1.1 3.6 2.4 1.3
351 Engines and turbines 85 1.9 3.1 -1.2 1.3 4.9 -3.4
352 Farm and garden machinery 96 3.0 2.1 0.9 1.8 -0.9 2.7
353 Construction and related machinery 240 1.9 2.7 -0.8 4.7 3.8 0.9
354 Metalworking machinery 330 4.2 3.7 0.5 2.7 1.1 1.6
355 Special industry machinery 172 5.9 6.3 -0.4 4.0 5.1 -1.0
356 General industrial machinery 251 3.5 2.4 1.1 2.9 1.1 1.7
357 Computer and office equipment 361 -0.1 22.6 -18.5 1.5 35.9 -25.3
358 Refrigeration and service machinery 212 4.5 5.3 -0.8 3.8 2.7 1.1
359 Industrial machinery, n.e.c. 373 6.7 6.7 0.0 3.0 2.5 0.5
361 Electric distribution equipment 85 4.2 2.9 1.3 1.2 2.2 -1.0
362 Electrical industrial apparatus 150 4.4 5.5 -1.0 0.9 -0.1 1.0
363 Household appliances 116 4.1 3.8 0.3 3.3 3.5 -0.2
364 Electric lighting and wiring equipment 183 2.7 2.0 0.7 3.0 4.0 -1.0
366 Communications equipment 290 2.8 10.3 -6.9 9.9 19.2 -7.8
367 Electronic components and accessories 682 5.4 25.0 -15.7 6.1 33.3 -20.4
369 Miscellaneous electrical equipment & supplies 146 1.8 3.9 -2.0 3.4 4.5 -1.1
371 Motor vehicles and equipment 1013 6.3 5.5 0.8 3.2 4.2 -1.0
372 Aircraft and parts 465 -4.7 -7.2 2.8 2.8 5.2 -2.3
373 Ship and boat building and repairing 166 -1.2 -3.8 2.7 2.6 4.2 -1.5
374 Railroad equipment 36 3.7 5.0 -1.2 4.9 5.7 -0.7
375 Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts 20 20.7 14.4 5.5 4.3 0.2 4.1
376 Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts 73 -10.5 -11.8 1.5 -4.5 -6.5 2.1
381 Search and navigation equipment 154 -4.6 -5.5 0.9 0.3 0.7 -0.4
382 Measuring and controlling devices 302 2.5 4.3 -1.7 3.2 2.5 0.7
384 Medical instruments and supplies 288 6.2 3.8 2.2 5.2 6.7 -1.5
385 Ophthalmic goods 33 2.6 3.5 -0.8 4.1 7.5 -3.2
386 Photographic equipment & supplies 70 -0.3 0.8 -1.1 -1.9 1.4 -3.3
391 Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware 49 -0.4 -0.4 0.0 5.9 6.6 -0.7
393 Musical instruments 17 5.4 1.1 4.3 8.1 6.5 1.5
394 Toys and sporting goods 104 5.4 3.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 0.1
395 Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies 31 4.0 1.0 2.9 -1.2 -2.6 1.4
396 Costume jewelry and notions 19 2.2 0.6 1.6 -2.1 -6.2 4.4
399 Miscellaneous manufactures 175 4.1 2.1 2.0 4.6 4.0 0.5
Transportation
4011 Railroad transportation 194 0.2 3.3 -3.0 0.9 2.0 -1.1
4213 Trucking, except local 917 4.6 4.3 0.3 5.5 3.0 2.4
43 United States Postal Service(2) 860 4.8 1.4 3.3 3.4 2.4 1.0
4512,13, Air transportation 740 3.8 3.9 -0.1 6.6 4.9 1.7
22(PTS)
Communications and Utilities
481 Telephone communications 1134 4.2 5.5 -1.2 10.8 11.3 -0.5
483 Radio and television broadcasting 255 3.8 1.1 2.6 7.5 2.2 5.2
484 Cable and other pay television services 216 10.7 3.0 7.5 13.5 8.2 4.9
491,3(PT) Electric utilities 471 2.6 -7.7 11.1 2.7 12.4 -8.7
492,3(PT) Gas utilities 166 2.2 2.9 -0.7 4.0 1.1 2.9
Retail Trade
Retail trade 24507 4.1 2.8 1.3 6.2 5.0 1.1
52 Building materials, hardware, garden supply, 1050 4.8 5.0 -0.2 7.3 6.9 0.3
and mobile homes
521 Lumber and other building materials dealers 642 5.7 5.4 0.2 8.9 8.5 0.3
523 Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores 70 1.1 2.3 -1.2 4.0 5.2 -1.1
525 Hardware stores 178 3.7 1.0 2.7 3.1 2.9 0.2
526 Retail nurseries, lawn and garden supply stores 112 1.8 5.3 -3.3 6.1 8.0 -1.8
53 General merchandise stores 2843 3.9 6.2 -2.2 5.4 7.1 -1.6
531 Department stores 2491 4.5 6.6 -2.0 5.7 7.5 -1.6
533 Variety stores 160 -1.5 2.6 -4.0 3.2 10.8 -6.9
539 Miscellaneous general merchandise stores 193 0.9 5.4 -4.3 2.1 4.6 -2.4
54 Food stores 3639 3.1 -0.2 3.3 3.7 1.2 2.5
541 Grocery stores 3179 2.9 -0.1 3.0 3.6 1.1 2.5
542 Meat and fish (seafood) markets 57 0.3 -2.5 2.9 1.9 3.7 -1.7
546 Retail bakeries 214 5.3 0.1 5.2 5.0 2.8 2.2
55 Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations 2508 4.7 2.0 2.7 5.9 3.6 2.2
551 New and used car dealers 1114 5.9 1.6 4.2 6.4 3.1 3.2
553 Auto and home supply stores 428 3.6 1.8 1.8 5.2 4.1 1.1
554 Gasoline service stations 671 1.8 2.3 -0.5 2.8 1.4 1.4
56 Apparel and accessory stores 1243 1.7 3.5 -1.7 5.6 6.3 -0.7
561 Men's and boys' wear stores 86 -1.4 -2.3 0.8 2.7 4.4 -1.7
562 Women's clothing stores 293 -1.3 0.7 -2.0 2.5 4.8 -2.1
565 Family clothing stores 456 5.5 7.5 -1.9 10.4 8.2 2.1
566 Shoe stores 204 0.9 1.3 -0.4 4.1 3.2 0.8
57 Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores 1239 4.3 7.7 -3.2 8.9 11.0 -1.9
571 Furniture and homefurnishings stores 649 3.3 2.8 0.5 7.2 6.3 0.8
572 Household appliance stores 79 -1.6 3.1 -4.6 1.8 6.5 -4.4
573 Radio, television, computer, and music stores 510 7.4 15.5 -7.0 12.2 17.0 -4.1
58 Eating and drinking places(3) 8338 4.9 1.5 3.4 6.8 3.3 3.3
59 Miscellaneous merchandise stores 3647 4.3 3.6 0.7 7.1 7.9 -0.8
591 Drug and proprietary stores 685 4.1 0.8 3.2 6.8 6.2 0.6
592 Liquor stores 139 1.4 -2.6 4.1 3.9 3.8 0.1
593 Used merchandise stores 209 7.6 7.7 -0.1 7.3 16.3 -7.7
594 Miscellaneous shopping goods stores 1254 3.9 3.8 0.1 6.7 6.5 0.2
596 Nonstore retailers 576 6.8 9.2 -2.2 10.5 13.4 -2.5
598 Fuel dealers 98 0.7 3.7 -2.8 3.1 -0.6 3.7
599 Retail stores, n.e.c. 686 4.0 3.8 0.2 5.7 7.2 -1.3
Finance and Services
602 Commercial banks 1430 4.2 1.9 2.3 6.9 2.1 4.7
701 Hotels and motels 1874 4.0 3.1 0.9 7.4 3.5 3.8
72 Personal services 1847 3.9 1.4 2.4 5.7 2.9 2.8
721 Laundry, cleaning, and garment services 518 2.8 0.8 2.0 4.2 2.8 1.3
722 Photographic studios, portrait 86 5.1 5.5 -0.4 4.4 1.5 2.9
723 Beauty shops 759 5.1 2.6 2.4 6.5 3.2 3.2
724 Barber shops 62 -1.5 -0.7 -0.8 2.1 1.6 0.5
726 Funeral services and crematories 107 4.5 1.4 3.0 3.7 -0.6 4.3
753 Automotive repair shops 917 3.4 3.0 0.3 6.1 3.0 3.0
783 Motion picture theaters 139 2.2 -1.4 3.6 5.5 4.8 0.6
1 Employment figures are based primarily on data from the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program and the
Current Population Survey (CPS). Other sources are: the Association of American Railroads, the Department of Transportation,
and the U.S. Postal Service.
2 The United States Postal Service, SIC 43, is also designated in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and is identical
to the three-digit SIC Group Number, SIC 431, and the four-digit SIC Industry Number, SIC 4311.
3 Eating and drinking places, SIC 58, is also designated in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and is identical to the
three-digit SIC Group Number, SIC 581.
United States Department of Labor
