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Economic News Release
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Table 3. Labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data, 2019-2023 



	Table 3. Labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data, 2019-2023

		

			Industry
			2017 NAICS code
			2023
Employment
(thousands)		
			Annual percent change, 2019-2023
		

		

			Labor productivity
			Unit labor costs
			Output
			Hours
worked		
			Labor compen-
sation		
			Hourly compen-
sation		
		

	
	
		

			
Wholesale trade

			42
			6,222.4
			0.5
			5.2
			1.0
			0.5
			6.2
			5.7
		

		

	


		

			
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods

			423
			3,450.3
			1.1
			4.7
			2.0
			0.9
			6.8
			5.8
		

		

			
Motor vehicles and parts

			4231
			387.3
			2.9
			3.2
			3.9
			0.9
			7.2
			6.2
		

		

			
Furniture and furnishings

			4232
			116.9
			0.5
			4.2
			-1.0
			-1.5
			3.2
			4.7
		

		

			
Lumber and construction supplies

			4233
			265.6
			-0.6
			6.4
			0.6
			1.3
			7.1
			5.7
		

		

			
Commercial equipment

			4234
			754.7
			0.1
			5.2
			1.6
			1.5
			6.9
			5.3
		

		

			
Metals and minerals

			4235
			135.5
			0.1
			7.5
			-1.9
			-2.0
			5.4
			7.6
		

		

			
Appliances and electric goods

			4236
			375.3
			3.1
			2.6
			3.3
			0.3
			6.0
			5.7
		

		

			
Hardware and plumbing

			4237
			315.8
			0.4
			6.8
			1.7
			1.3
			8.6
			7.2
		

		

			
Machinery and supplies

			4238
			764.9
			0.0
			5.6
			1.1
			1.2
			6.8
			5.6
		

		

			
Miscellaneous durable goods

			4239
			334.3
			0.9
			4.7
			2.2
			1.2
			7.0
			5.7
		

		

	


		

			
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods

			424
			2,253.4
			0.8
			5.0
			0.7
			-0.1
			5.7
			5.8
		

		

			
Paper and paper products

			4241
			116.7
			1.2
			7.1
			-3.9
			-5.0
			2.9
			8.4
		

		

			
Druggists' goods

			4242
			262.3
			5.0
			0.9
			7.1
			2.1
			8.1
			5.9
		

		

			
Apparel and piece goods

			4243
			159.0
			-5.2
			8.6
			-4.3
			1.0
			3.9
			3.0
		

		

			
Grocery and related products

			4244
			829.2
			-0.2
			6.3
			0.0
			0.1
			6.3
			6.1
		

		

			
Farm product raw materials

			4245
			74.2
			-1.5
			5.9
			-0.4
			1.1
			5.5
			4.4
		

		

			
Chemicals

			4246
			154.2
			1.1
			4.9
			-0.5
			-1.5
			4.4
			6.0
		

		

			
Petroleum

			4247
			106.2
			-2.3
			5.9
			-1.3
			1.0
			4.5
			3.5
		

		

			
Alcoholic beverages

			4248
			216.7
			2.0
			2.2
			1.7
			-0.3
			3.9
			4.2
		

		

			
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

			4249
			334.9
			-0.7
			7.1
			-1.4
			-0.8
			5.6
			6.4
		

		

	


		

			
Electronic markets and agents and brokers

			425
			518.7
			-3.5
			8.4
			-3.4
			0.1
			4.7
			4.7
		

		

			
Electronic markets and agents and brokers

			4251
			518.7
			-3.5
			8.4
			-3.4
			0.1
			4.7
			4.7
		

		

	


		

			
Retail trade

			44-45
			16,391.5
			3.8
			2.0
			3.1
			-0.6
			5.2
			5.8
		

		

	


		

			
Motor vehicle and parts dealers

			441
			2,095.3
			0.6
			5.8
			0.3
			-0.3
			6.2
			6.5
		

		

			
Automobile dealers

			4411
			1,313.2
			0.5
			7.0
			-0.1
			-0.6
			6.9
			7.6
		

		

			
Other motor vehicle dealers

			4412
			180.0
			1.7
			2.4
			2.5
			0.8
			4.9
			4.1
		

		

			
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores

			4413
			602.1
			2.8
			0.7
			3.0
			0.2
			3.7
			3.5
		

		

	


		

			
Furniture and home furnishings stores

			442
			448.9
			1.4
			4.6
			-1.5
			-2.8
			3.1
			6.1
		

		

			
Furniture stores

			4421
			221.1
			1.7
			2.8
			-0.5
			-2.1
			2.3
			4.5
		

		

			
Home furnishings stores

			4422
			227.8
			1.0
			6.9
			-2.7
			-3.6
			4.0
			7.9
		

		

	


		

			
Electronics and appliance stores

			443
			428.2
			6.9
			-0.8
			2.7
			-3.9
			1.9
			6.1
		

		

			
Electronics and appliance stores

			4431
			428.2
			6.9
			-0.8
			2.7
			-3.9
			1.9
			6.1
		

		

	


		

			
Building material and garden supply stores

			444
			1,441.7
			0.5
			4.5
			0.9
			0.3
			5.4
			5.1
		

		

			
Building material and supplies dealers

			4441
			1,242.6
			0.4
			5.0
			0.3
			0.0
			5.3
			5.3
		

		

			
Lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores

			4442
			199.1
			1.8
			1.8
			4.4
			2.5
			6.3
			3.7
		

		

	


		

			
Food and beverage stores

			445
			3,259.7
			1.0
			4.7
			1.2
			0.1
			5.9
			5.8
		

		

			
Grocery stores

			4451
			2,810.4
			1.0
			4.8
			1.0
			0.0
			5.9
			5.8
		

		

			
Specialty food stores

			4452
			248.1
			-1.0
			6.9
			-0.7
			0.3
			6.2
			5.9
		

		

			
Beer, wine and liquor stores

			4453
			201.2
			2.0
			2.5
			3.5
			1.4
			6.1
			4.6
		

		

	


		

			
Health and personal care stores

			446
			1,100.5
			4.9
			-1.3
			4.2
			-0.7
			2.8
			3.6
		

		

			
Health and personal care stores

			4461
			1,100.5
			4.9
			-1.3
			4.2
			-0.7
			2.8
			3.6
		

		

	


		

			
Gasoline stations

			447
			995.5
			-2.3
			8.7
			-1.1
			1.2
			7.4
			6.2
		

		

			
Gasoline stations

			4471
			995.5
			-2.3
			8.7
			-1.1
			1.2
			7.4
			6.2
		

		

	


		

			
Clothing and clothing accessories stores

			448
			1,173.8
			7.6
			-1.0
			2.5
			-4.7
			1.5
			6.6
		

		

			
Clothing stores

			4481
			859.6
			7.1
			-0.7
			2.6
			-4.2
			1.9
			6.4
		

		

			
Shoe stores

			4482
			175.2
			4.4
			2.3
			-0.5
			-4.7
			1.8
			6.8
		

		

			
Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores

			4483
			139.0
			13.4
			-4.9
			5.1
			-7.3
			0.0
			7.9
		

		

	


		

			
Sports, hobby, music instruments, book stores

			451
			611.1
			5.9
			0.8
			4.5
			-1.4
			5.3
			6.7
		

		

			
Sporting goods and musical instrument stores

			4511
			540.1
			6.7
			0.5
			5.3
			-1.2
			5.9
			7.2
		

		

			
Book stores and news dealers

			4512
			71.0
			-0.6
			4.0
			-2.7
			-2.2
			1.1
			3.3
		

		

	


		

			
General merchandise stores

			452
			3,164.5
			1.6
			2.5
			1.7
			0.1
			4.2
			4.1
		

		

			
Department stores

			4522
			955.0
			1.6
			1.7
			-1.7
			-3.3
			0.0
			3.4
		

		

			
Other general merchandise stores

			4523
			2,209.5
			0.7
			3.5
			2.4
			1.7
			6.0
			4.3
		

		

	


		

			
Miscellaneous store retailers

			453
			956.4
			6.1
			0.2
			4.4
			-1.6
			4.7
			6.4
		

		

			
Florists

			4531
			85.1
			3.3
			0.7
			5.2
			1.8
			5.9
			4.0
		

		

			
Office supplies, stationery and gift stores

			4532
			220.3
			2.4
			2.5
			-2.5
			-4.8
			0.0
			5.0
		

		

			
Used merchandise stores

			4533
			244.3
			4.4
			-0.1
			6.6
			2.2
			6.5
			4.3
		

		

			
Other miscellaneous store retailers

			4539
			406.7
			8.9
			-0.1
			6.1
			-2.5
			6.0
			8.7
		

		

	


		

			
Nonstore retailers

			454
			715.9
			14.2
			-4.6
			13.7
			-0.5
			8.5
			9.0
		

		

			
Electronic shopping and mail-order houses

			4541
			495.5
			12.7
			-3.9
			15.2
			2.2
			10.7
			8.4
		

		

			
Vending machine operators

			4542
			45.0
			-2.9
			7.7
			-6.4
			-3.6
			0.8
			4.5
		

		

			
Direct selling establishments

			4543
			175.4
			8.5
			-0.8
			2.0
			-6.0
			1.2
			7.6
Table of Contents
Last Modified Date: May 30, 2024