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Table 2. Long run labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data

Table 2. Long run labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data
Industry	2017 NAICS code	2022 Employment (thousands)	Annual percent change, 1987-2022
Industry	2017 NAICS code	2022 Employment (thousands)	Labor productivity	Unit labor costs	Output	Hours worked	Labor compen- sation	Hourly compen- sation
Utilities

Utilities	22	559.1	1.8	1.7	1.3	-0.6	3.0	3.6
Utilities	221	559.1	1.8	1.7	1.3	-0.6	3.0	3.6
Power generation and supply	2211	388.9	2.6	0.9	1.8	-0.8	2.8	3.6
Natural gas distribution	2212	112.7	0.5	3.4	0.0	-0.5	3.4	3.9
Water, sewage and other systems	2213	57.5	-1.6	4.8	0.7	2.3	5.6	3.2

Transportation and Warehousing

Air transportation	481	502.6	2.1	1.4	2.3	0.2	3.7	3.5
Line-haul railroads	482111	134.6	3.3	-0.2	1.3	-1.9	1.1	3.0
Truck transportation(1)	484	1,824.6	0.8	1.8	2.1	1.3	4.0	2.6
General freight trucking(1)	4841	1,342.8	1.1	1.4	2.4	1.3	3.9	2.5
General freight trucking, local(1)	48411	371.5	2.7	0.3	4.2	1.4	4.5	3.1
General freight trucking, long-distance	48412	971.3	1.1	1.6	2.2	1.0	3.8	2.7
Specialized freight trucking(2)	4842	481.8	1.3	2.0	2.0	0.7	4.0	3.4
Used household and office goods moving	48421	107.2	-0.4	2.9	0.0	0.4	2.9	2.5
Other specialized trucking, local(2)	48422	237.0	0.9	2.4	1.9	0.9	4.3	3.3
Other specialized trucking, long-distance(2)	48423	137.6	2.0	1.5	3.1	1.1	4.7	3.6
Postal service(3)	491	604.8	-0.2	3.1	-0.8	-0.6	2.3	2.9
Postal service(3)	4911	604.8	-0.2	3.1	-0.8	-0.6	2.3	2.9
Couriers and messengers	492	1,301.2	-2.4	5.3	1.1	3.6	6.5	2.8
Warehousing and storage(1)	493	1,915.3	0.2	2.0	5.4	5.1	7.5	2.2
Warehousing and storage(1)	4931	1,915.3	0.2	2.0	5.4	5.1	7.5	2.2
General warehousing and storage(1)	49311	1,780.7	1.3	1.2	6.8	5.4	8.1	2.6
Refrigerated warehousing and storage(1)	49312	71.9	0.1	1.8	3.2	3.0	5.0	1.9

Information

Publishing	511	910.6	4.1	1.2	4.3	0.2	5.6	5.4
Newspaper, book, and directory publishers	5111	269.7	0.5	3.0	-2.7	-3.2	0.3	3.6
Newspaper publishers	51111	106.0	0.1	3.0	-4.3	-4.4	-1.4	3.1
Periodical publishers	51112	74.2	0.5	3.2	-1.5	-2.0	1.6	3.7
Book publishers	51113	58.2	0.0	4.0	-1.1	-1.2	2.8	4.1
Software publishers	5112	640.9	9.9	-4.6	16.9	6.4	11.5	4.8
Motion picture and video exhibition	51213	121.3	0.4	2.8	0.5	0.1	3.3	3.2
Broadcasting, except Internet	515	240.0	3.2	0.4	2.8	-0.4	3.2	3.6
Radio and television broadcasting	5151	192.3	2.7	0.7	2.1	-0.6	2.8	3.5
Radio broadcasting	51511	69.0	4.0	-0.4	2.4	-1.5	2.0	3.5
Cable and other subscription programming	5152	47.7	4.8	-0.8	5.5	0.7	4.7	3.9
Wired and wireless telecommunications carriers	5173	579.1	6.3	-2.6	5.2	-1.0	2.4	3.5
Wired telecommunications carriers	517311	485.6	3.5	0.0	2.0	-1.5	2.1	3.6
Wireless telecommunications carriers	517312	93.5	11.3	-8.6	16.2	4.4	6.2	1.8

Finance and Insurance

Commercial banking	52211	1,374.7	2.5	2.6	2.4	-0.1	5.0	5.1

Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

Passenger car rental	532111	105.2	2.0	2.2	2.1	0.0	4.3	4.3
Truck, trailer, and RV rental and leasing	53212	92.7	2.5	1.2	3.1	0.7	4.4	3.7
Video tape and disc rental	532282	3.4	4.7	3.9	-5.7	-9.9	-2.0	8.8

Professional and Technical Services

Accounting and bookkeeping services(4)	5412	1,272.8	2.0	1.8	2.7	0.8	4.6	3.8
Accounting and bookkeeping services(4)	54121	1,272.8	2.0	1.8	2.7	0.8	4.6	3.8
Offices of certified public accountants(4)	541211	543.5	2.1	2.1	3.2	1.1	5.4	4.3
Tax preparation services	541213	136.7	1.0	2.7	2.0	1.0	4.7	3.7
Other accounting services(4)	541219	381.6	3.2	-0.5	3.5	0.4	3.0	2.6
Architectural services	54131	217.3	1.8	1.5	2.8	1.0	4.4	3.3
Engineering services	54133	1,116.8	1.0	2.8	2.6	1.6	5.5	3.9
Advertising agencies	54181	247.1	2.0	1.8	2.9	0.8	4.7	3.8
Photography studios, portrait	541921	46.0	1.9	1.3	1.4	-0.5	2.7	3.2
Veterinary services(5)	54194	463.7	-1.0	4.5	2.0	3.0	6.6	3.5

Administrative and Waste Services

Employment placement and executive search(6)	56131	338.2	4.9	0.1	6.2	1.2	6.2	5.0
Travel arrangement and reservation services(4)	5615	202.6	7.4	-1.8	4.8	-2.4	3.0	5.5
Travel agencies	56151	83.9	7.7	-2.4	5.7	-1.8	3.2	5.1
Janitorial services	56172	1,333.9	2.7	1.0	4.1	1.4	5.1	3.7

Health Care and Social Assistance

Medical and diagnostic laboratories(6)	6215	336.3	2.3	0.5	5.4	3.1	6.0	2.8
Medical laboratories(6)	621511	245.1	2.3	0.4	5.5	3.2	6.0	2.7
Diagnostic imaging centers(6)	621512	91.2	2.3	0.8	5.1	2.8	6.0	3.1
Hospitals, except psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals(7)	6221,3	4,991.5	5.9	-1.1	6.4	0.4	5.3	4.8

Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation

Amusement parks and arcades(8)	7131	210.0	0.7	3.4	1.4	0.6	4.8	4.1
Amusement and theme parks	71311	179.0	0.2	3.5	2.1	2.0	5.7	3.7
Gambling industries(4)	7132	116.5	3.2	1.5	2.5	-0.7	4.0	4.7
Golf courses and country clubs(2)	71391	400.9	-2.6	5.8	-1.5	1.1	4.3	3.1
Fitness and recreational sports centers(2)	71394	618.8	10.2	-6.2	10.2	-0.1	3.3	3.4
Bowling centers	71395	66.3	0.7	2.8	-0.9	-1.6	1.9	3.6

Accommodation and Food Services

Accommodation and food services	72	13,758.2	1.0	2.6	2.3	1.3	5.0	3.6
Accommodation	721	1,799.8	2.0	1.7	2.4	0.4	4.2	3.8
Traveler accommodation	7211	1,710.4	2.0	1.7	2.4	0.4	4.2	3.8
Hotels and motels, except casino hotels	72111	1,446.3	1.5	2.4	1.8	0.3	4.3	3.9
Food services and drinking places	722	11,958.4	0.8	2.9	2.3	1.5	5.2	3.7
Special food services	7223	829.0	0.8	1.9	2.0	1.2	4.0	2.8
Drinking places, alcoholic beverages	7224	420.9	-0.1	3.3	0.1	0.2	3.5	3.2
Restaurants and other eating places	72251	10,708.5	0.8	3.0	2.4	1.6	5.5	3.9
Full-service restaurants	722511	5,195.4	1.1	3.1	2.5	1.4	5.7	4.2
Limited-service eating places	722513,4,5	5,513.1	0.6	2.9	2.4	1.8	5.3	3.5

Other Services

Automotive repair and maintenance	8111	1,255.4	1.0	2.4	1.6	0.7	4.1	3.4
Reupholstery and furniture repair	81142	21.2	-0.5	3.4	-2.8	-2.3	0.5	2.9
Personal care services	8121	1,271.1	0.8	3.3	1.9	1.1	5.2	4.1
Hair, nail, and skin care services	81211	1,027.1	2.2	1.9	2.9	0.7	4.9	4.1
Funeral homes and funeral services	81221	108.5	-0.2	3.6	-0.1	0.1	3.5	3.4
Drycleaning and laundry services	8123	268.3	0.3	3.2	-0.8	-1.1	2.4	3.5
Coin-operated laundries and drycleaners	81231	45.3	1.9	2.3	0.4	-1.5	2.7	4.3
Drycleaning and laundry services (except coin-operated)	81232	100.6	0.9	2.3	-1.7	-2.6	0.5	3.2
Linen and uniform supply	81233	122.4	-1.5	4.7	-0.8	0.7	3.8	3.1
Pet care, except veterinary, services(5)	81291	184.1	-2.1	5.2	5.9	8.2	11.5	3.1
Photofinishing	81292	7.5	1.5	2.4	-5.3	-6.7	-3.0	3.9
Footnotes (1) For NAICS industries 484, 4841, 48411, 493, 4931, 49311, and 49312, annual percent changes are for 1992-2022. (2) For NAICS industries 4842, 48422, 48423, 71391, and 71394, annual percent changes are for 2002-2022. (3) For NAICS industries 491 and 4911, annual percent changes are for the fiscal year ending in September. (4) For NAICS industries 5412, 54121, 541211, 541219, 5615, and 7132, annual percent changes are for 1997-2022. (5) For NAICS industries 54194 and 81291, annual percent changes are for 2004-2022. (6) For NAICS industries 56131, 6215, 621511, and 621512, annual percent changes are for 1994-2022. (7) For NAICS industry 6221,3, annual percent changes are for 1993-2021. Employment is for 2021. (8) For NAICS industry 7131, annual percent changes are for 2007-2022.

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Last Modified Date: June 27, 2024