Table 2. Long run labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data 









Table 2.  Long run labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data





	Industry
	2012 NAICS code
	2017
Employment
(thousands)		
	Average annual percent change, 1987-2017




	Labor productivity
	Unit labor costs
	Output
	Hours worked
	Labor compensation








	
Utilities

				





	




	
Utilities

	
22

	555.4
	2.0
	1.6
	1.3
	-0.7
	2.9





	
Utilities

	
221

	555.4
	2.0
	1.6
	1.3
	-0.7
	2.9





	
Power generation and supply

	
2211

	392.7
	2.8
	0.8
	1.9
	-0.9
	2.7





	
Natural gas distribution

	
2212

	112.1
	0.7
	3.6
	-0.3
	-1.0
	3.3





	
Water, sewage and other systems

	
2213

	50.6
	-1.8
	4.7
	0.7
	2.5
	5.4





	




	
Transportation and Warehousing

				





	




	
Air transportation

	
481

	468.2
	3.0
	0.9
	2.7
	-0.3
	3.6





	
Line-haul railroads

	
482111

	167.8
	3.6
	-0.4
	1.8
	-1.7
	1.4





	
Truck transportation(1)

	
484

	1,667.3
	0.7
	1.0
	2.0
	1.3
	3.0





	
General freight trucking(1)

	
4841

	1,194.8
	1.1
	1.0
	2.3
	1.2
	3.4





	
General freight trucking, local(1)

	
48411

	317.7
	2.7
	0.2
	3.7
	1.0
	3.9





	
General freight trucking, long-distance

	
48412

	877.1
	1.3
	0.5
	2.2
	0.9
	2.8





	
Specialized freight trucking(2)

	
4842

	472.5
	0.8
	1.9
	1.9
	1.1
	3.8





	
Used household and office goods moving

	
48421

	101.1
	-0.4
	2.6
	-0.1
	0.3
	2.5





	
Other specialized trucking, local(2)

	
48422

	233.8
	0.3
	2.3
	1.7
	1.4
	4.1





	
Other specialized trucking, long-distance(2)

	
48423

	137.6
	1.1
	1.3
	3.2
	2.0
	4.6





	
Postal service

	
491

	615.4
	0.4
	2.9
	-0.6
	-1.0
	2.3





	
Postal service

	
4911

	615.4
	0.4
	2.9
	-0.6
	-1.0
	2.3





	
Couriers and messengers

	
492

	710.8
	-1.9
	3.2
	0.6
	2.6
	3.9





	
Warehousing and storage(1)

	
493

	1,037.8
	1.4
	0.3
	5.6
	4.1
	5.8





	
Warehousing and storage(1)

	
4931

	1,037.8
	1.4
	0.3
	5.6
	4.1
	5.8





	
General warehousing and storage(1)

	
49311

	914.9
	2.5
	-0.5
	6.9
	4.3
	6.4





	
Refrigerated warehousing and storage(1)

	
49312

	62.5
	-0.2
	1.5
	2.9
	3.1
	4.4





	




	
Information

				





	




	
Publishing

	
511

	760.5
	3.8
	1.6
	3.3
	-0.5
	5.0





	
Newspaper, book, and directory publishers

	
5111

	379.0
	0.1
	4.0
	-2.5
	-2.6
	1.3





	
Newspaper publishers

	
51111

	168.8
	-0.6
	4.0
	-4.2
	-3.7
	-0.5





	
Periodical publishers

	
51112

	102.3
	-0.4
	4.7
	-1.6
	-1.2
	3.0





	
Book publishers

	
51113

	66.4
	-0.2
	4.7
	-0.9
	-0.7
	3.7





	
Software publishers

	
5112

	381.5
	10.8
	-5.2
	17.2
	5.8
	11.1





	
Motion picture and video exhibition

	
51213

	148.9
	1.4
	2.0
	1.8
	0.4
	3.8





	
Broadcasting, except Internet

	
515

	276.3
	3.0
	1.7
	2.9
	-0.1
	4.6





	
Radio and television broadcasting

	
5151

	222.2
	2.2
	1.7
	1.8
	-0.4
	3.5





	
Radio broadcasting

	
51511

	87.5
	3.7
	1.1
	2.5
	-1.2
	3.6





	
Cable and other subscription programming

	
5152

	54.1
	5.2
	2.9
	6.4
	1.2
	9.5





	
Wired telecommunications carriers

	
5171

	586.6
	3.6
	-0.7
	2.6
	-0.9
	1.9





	
Wireless telecommunications carriers

	
5172

	120.3
	11.9
	-6.9
	18.5
	5.9
	10.4





	




	
Finance and Insurance

				





	




	
Commercial banking

	
52211

	1,323.6
	3.0
	2.0
	3.0
	0.0
	5.0





	




	
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

				





	




	
Passenger car rental

	
532111

	122.3
	2.1
	1.4
	3.1
	1.0
	4.6





	
Truck, trailer, and RV rental and leasing

	
53212

	79.8
	1.9
	1.1
	2.7
	0.7
	3.8





	
Video tape and disc rental

	
53223

	10.3
	6.7
	-2.3
	-2.3
	-8.4
	-4.6





	




	
Professional and Technical Services

				





	




	
Accounting and bookkeeping services(3)

	
5412

	1,151.7
	2.6
	1.0
	3.3
	0.6
	4.4





	
Accounting and bookkeeping services(3)

	
54121

	1,151.7
	2.6
	1.0
	3.3
	0.6
	4.4





	
Offices of certified public accountants(3)

	
541211

	489.5
	2.0
	2.1
	3.0
	1.0
	5.2





	
Tax preparation services

	
541213

	137.2
	0.5
	2.1
	2.0
	1.5
	4.2





	
Other accounting services(3)

	
541219

	353.3
	4.6
	-1.8
	4.7
	0.1
	2.8





	
Architectural services

	
54131

	208.9
	1.4
	1.9
	2.6
	1.2
	4.5





	
Engineering services

	
54133

	994.2
	1.2
	2.7
	2.8
	1.6
	5.6





	
Advertising agencies

	
54181

	219.0
	1.9
	2.1
	2.4
	0.5
	4.6





	
Photography studios, portrait

	
541921

	58.4
	0.3
	1.7
	1.2
	1.0
	2.9





	
Veterinary services(4)

	
54194

	386.4
	-0.2
	3.4
	2.3
	2.6
	5.8





	




	
Administrative and Waste Services

				





	




	
Employment placement and executive search(5)

	
56131

	303.3
	4.3
	0.0
	5.3
	1.0
	5.3





	
Travel arrangement and reservation services(3)

	
5615

	245.8
	6.0
	-1.0
	4.1
	-1.8
	3.0





	
Travel agencies

	
56151

	107.5
	5.6
	-0.7
	4.6
	-0.9
	3.8





	
Janitorial services

	
56172

	1,465.6
	1.7
	1.8
	3.4
	1.8
	5.3





	




	
Health Care and Social Assistance

				





	




	
Medical and diagnostic laboratories(5)

	
6215

	282.1
	1.9
	0.5
	5.0
	3.0
	5.5





	
Medical laboratories(5)

	
621511

	201.1
	1.9
	0.5
	5.0
	3.0
	5.5





	
Diagnostic imaging centers(5)

	
621512

	81.0
	2.1
	0.8
	5.0
	2.8
	5.8





	
Hospitals, except psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals(6)

	
6221,3

	4,886.1
	0.5
	3.2
	2.0
	1.5
	5.3





	




	
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation

				





	




	
Amusement parks and arcades(7)

	
7131

	210.6
	-1.4
	5.3
	-0.7
	0.8
	4.6





	
Amusement and theme parks

	
71311

	182.5
	-0.5
	4.0
	1.8
	2.3
	5.9





	
Gambling industries(3)

	
7132

	131.4
	2.1
	2.0
	2.1
	0.0
	4.2





	
Golf courses and country clubs(2)

	
71391

	395.4
	-1.2
	4.1
	0.1
	1.3
	4.2





	
Fitness and recreational sports centers(2)

	
71394

	658.5
	3.7
	-0.7
	4.4
	0.7
	3.7





	
Bowling centers

	
71395

	68.8
	0.7
	3.0
	-1.1
	-1.7
	1.9





	




	
Accommodation and Food Services

				





	




	
Accommodation and food services

	
72

	13,978.8
	0.8
	2.7
	2.3
	1.6
	5.1





	
Accommodation

	
721

	2,027.2
	1.9
	1.8
	2.7
	0.8
	4.6





	
Traveler accommodation

	
7211

	1,934.1
	2.0
	1.8
	2.8
	0.8
	4.6





	
Hotels and motels, except casino hotels

	
72111

	1,624.4
	1.4
	2.5
	2.2
	0.8
	4.7





	
Food services and drinking places

	
722

	11,951.6
	0.4
	3.0
	2.2
	1.8
	5.3





	
Special food services

	
7223

	843.4
	1.2
	1.5
	2.5
	1.2
	4.0





	
Drinking places, alcoholic beverages

	
7224

	405.5
	-0.3
	3.1
	-0.1
	0.2
	3.0





	
Restaurants and other eating places

	
72251

	10,702.7
	0.4
	3.2
	2.3
	1.9
	5.6





	
Full-service restaurants

	
722511

	5,482.2
	0.5
	3.6
	2.3
	1.7
	6.0





	
Limited-service eating places

	
722513,4,5

	5,220.5
	0.4
	2.8
	2.4
	2.0
	5.2





	




	
Other Services

				





	




	
Automotive repair and maintenance

	
8111

	1,129.1
	1.1
	2.1
	1.5
	0.4
	3.7





	
Reupholstery and furniture repair

	
81142

	21.0
	-0.9
	3.8
	-2.8
	-2.0
	0.8





	
Personal care services

	
8121

	1,262.9
	2.2
	1.7
	3.4
	1.2
	5.2





	
Hair, nail, and skin care services

	
81211

	1,037.0
	2.0
	1.8
	3.0
	1.0
	4.9





	
Funeral homes and funeral services

	
81221

	109.5
	-0.2
	3.9
	-0.3
	0.0
	3.6





	
Drycleaning and laundry services

	
8123

	313.5
	2.0
	1.5
	1.1
	-0.9
	2.6





	
Coin-operated laundries and drycleaners

	
81231

	42.7
	2.3
	1.8
	0.4
	-1.9
	2.3





	
Drycleaning and laundry services

	
81232

	138.1
	0.8
	2.2
	-1.2
	-1.9
	1.0





	
Linen and uniform supply

	
81233

	132.7
	2.3
	0.9
	3.1
	0.8
	4.1





	
Photofinishing

	
81292

	10.4
	3.4
	1.7
	-4.0
	-7.1
	-2.4









	

		Footnotes

		(1) For NAICS industries 484, 4841, 48411, 493, 4931, 49311, and 49312, average annual percent changes are for 1992-2017.

		(2) For NAICS industries 4842, 48422, 48423, 71391, and 71394, average annual percent changes are for 2002-2017.

		(3) For NAICS industries 5412, 54121, 541211, 541219, 5615, and 7132, average annual percent changes are for 1997-2017.

		(4) For NAICS industry 54194, average annual percent changes are for 2004-2017.

		(5) For NAICS industries 56131, 6215, 621511, and 621512, average annual percent changes are for 1994-2017.

		(6) For NAICS industry 6221,3, average annual percent changes are for 1993-2016. Employment is for 2016.

		(7) For NAICS industry 7131, average annual percent changes are for 2007-2017.

Table of Contents

Last Modified Date: May 23, 2019