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Economic News Release
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Productivity Productivity Program Links

Table 2. Long run labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data









Table 2.  Long run labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data





	Industry
	2017 NAICS code
	2020
Employment
(thousands)		
	Average annual percent change, 1987-2020




	Labor productivity
	Unit labor costs
	Output
	Hours worked
	Labor compensation








	
Utilities

				





	




	
Utilities

	
22

	542.9
	2.0
	1.6
	1.3
	-0.7
	2.9





	
Utilities

	
221

	542.9
	2.0
	1.6
	1.3
	-0.7
	2.9





	
Power generation and supply

	
2211

	380.8
	2.8
	0.8
	1.8
	-0.9
	2.6





	
Natural gas distribution

	
2212

	109.8
	1.0
	3.1
	0.1
	-0.8
	3.2





	
Water, sewage and other systems

	
2213

	52.3
	-1.7
	4.7
	0.6
	2.3
	5.4





	




	
Transportation and Warehousing

				





	




	
Air transportation

	
481

	455.2
	0.4
	3.2
	-0.1
	-0.5
	3.1





	
Line-haul railroads

	
482111

	137.9
	3.3
	-0.2
	1.0
	-2.2
	0.8





	
Truck transportation(1)

	
484

	1,695.0
	0.9
	0.9
	2.1
	1.2
	3.0





	
General freight trucking(1)

	
4841

	1,227.0
	1.4
	0.9
	2.4
	1.1
	3.4





	
General freight trucking, local(1)

	
48411

	335.2
	2.8
	0.1
	3.8
	1.0
	3.9





	
General freight trucking, long-distance

	
48412

	891.8
	1.4
	0.5
	2.3
	0.8
	2.8





	
Specialized freight trucking(2)

	
4842

	468.0
	1.1
	1.6
	1.9
	0.7
	3.5





	
Used household and office goods moving

	
48421

	96.2
	-0.6
	2.7
	-0.4
	0.2
	2.3





	
Other specialized trucking, local(2)

	
48422

	234.1
	0.7
	1.9
	1.8
	1.1
	3.8





	
Other specialized trucking, long-distance(2)

	
48423

	137.7
	1.9
	1.0
	3.2
	1.3
	4.3





	
Postal service(3)

	
491

	602.3
	0.0
	3.1
	-0.6
	-0.6
	2.5





	
Postal service(3)

	
4911

	602.3
	0.0
	3.1
	-0.6
	-0.6
	2.5





	
Couriers and messengers

	
492

	1065.4
	-2.6
	3.0
	1.0
	3.7
	4.1





	
Warehousing and storage(1)

	
493

	1,418.2
	0.8
	1.2
	5.6
	4.7
	6.8





	
Warehousing and storage(1)

	
4931

	1,418.2
	0.8
	1.2
	5.6
	4.7
	6.8





	
General warehousing and storage(1)

	
49311

	1,286.9
	1.8
	0.5
	6.9
	5.0
	7.4





	
Refrigerated warehousing and storage(1)

	
49312

	68.3
	0.5
	1.4
	3.3
	2.8
	4.8





	




	
Information

				





	




	
Publishing

	
511

	804.5
	4.2
	1.4
	4.0
	-0.2
	5.5





	
Newspaper, book, and directory publishers

	
5111

	298.3
	0.2
	3.9
	-2.9
	-3.1
	0.9





	
Newspaper publishers

	
51111

	120.3
	-0.3
	3.8
	-4.5
	-4.2
	-0.9





	
Periodical publishers

	
51112

	85.0
	-0.2
	4.5
	-2.0
	-1.8
	2.4





	
Book publishers

	
51113

	58.6
	-0.1
	4.5
	-1.2
	-1.1
	3.3





	
Software publishers

	
5112

	506.2
	10.3
	-4.9
	17.2
	6.3
	11.4





	
Motion picture and video exhibition

	
51213

	62.0
	-0.1
	3.9
	-2.5
	-2.4
	1.3





	
Broadcasting, except Internet

	
515

	256.9
	3.1
	1.3
	2.8
	-0.3
	4.1





	
Radio and television broadcasting

	
5151

	205.7
	2.6
	1.0
	2.0
	-0.6
	3.0





	
Radio broadcasting

	
51511

	75.2
	3.9
	0.7
	2.4
	-1.5
	3.1





	
Cable and other subscription programming

	
5152

	51.2
	4.8
	2.9
	5.7
	0.8
	8.8





	
Wired and wireless telecommunications carriers

	
5173

	604.2
	6.5
	-2.7
	5.5
	-1.0
	2.6





	
Wired telecommunications carriers

	
517311

	500.4
	3.7
	-0.4
	2.2
	-1.4
	1.8





	
Wireless telecommunications carriers

	
517312

	103.8
	11.8
	-6.4
	17.1
	4.7
	9.5





	




	
Finance and Insurance

				





	




	
Commercial banking

	
52211

	1,388.3
	2.6
	2.4
	2.5
	-0.1
	5.0





	




	
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

				





	




	
Passenger car rental

	
532111

	94.4
	2.1
	1.8
	1.9
	-0.2
	3.7





	
Truck, trailer, and RV rental and leasing

	
53212

	86.7
	2.4
	1.0
	3.0
	0.6
	4.1





	
Video tape and disc rental

	
532282

	5.7
	5.3
	0.1
	-4.5
	-9.3
	-4.4





	




	
Professional and Technical Services

				





	




	
Accounting and bookkeeping services(4)

	
5412

	1,146.5
	2.0
	1.5
	2.6
	0.5
	4.1





	
Accounting and bookkeeping services(4)

	
54121

	1,146.5
	2.0
	1.5
	2.6
	0.5
	4.1





	
Offices of certified public accountants(4)

	
541211

	502.5
	2.0
	1.8
	3.1
	1.1
	5.0





	
Tax preparation services

	
541213

	130.3
	0.6
	2.5
	1.7
	1.1
	4.2





	
Other accounting services(4)

	
541219

	350.7
	3.4
	-0.6
	3.3
	-0.2
	2.6





	
Architectural services

	
54131

	207.2
	1.5
	1.6
	2.5
	1.0
	4.2





	
Engineering services

	
54133

	1,046.0
	0.9
	2.8
	2.6
	1.6
	5.5





	
Advertising agencies

	
54181

	212.6
	2.3
	1.4
	2.7
	0.4
	4.2





	
Photography studios, portrait

	
541921

	38.8
	1.5
	0.6
	0.9
	-0.6
	1.5





	
Veterinary services(5)

	
54194

	425.9
	-0.7
	3.9
	2.1
	2.8
	6.1





	




	
Administrative and Waste Services

				





	




	
Employment placement and executive search(6)

	
56131

	264.6
	4.5
	-0.1
	4.9
	0.4
	4.7





	
Travel arrangement and reservation services(4)

	
5615

	188.8
	5.5
	-1.0
	2.5
	-2.8
	1.5





	
Travel agencies

	
56151

	80.7
	6.5
	-1.5
	4.3
	-2.1
	2.7





	
Janitorial services

	
56172

	1,328.1
	2.6
	0.8
	4.0
	1.4
	4.9





	




	
Health Care and Social Assistance

				





	




	
Medical and diagnostic laboratories(6)

	
6215

	296.8
	2.4
	0.2
	5.2
	2.7
	5.4





	
Medical laboratories(6)

	
621511

	214.3
	2.5
	-0.1
	5.4
	2.8
	5.4





	
Diagnostic imaging centers(6)

	
621512

	82.5
	2.3
	0.8
	4.7
	2.3
	5.5





	
Hospitals, except psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals(7)

	
6221,3

	5052.2
	0.4
	3.2
	1.8
	1.5
	5.1





	




	
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation

				





	




	
Amusement parks and arcades(8)

	
7131

	156.1
	-1.9
	7.9
	-5.8
	-3.9
	1.7





	
Amusement and theme parks

	
71311

	132.5
	-1.2
	5.6
	-1.0
	0.1
	4.5





	
Gambling industries(4)

	
7132

	88.3
	2.7
	1.6
	0.6
	-2.1
	2.2





	
Golf courses and country clubs(2)

	
71391

	337.3
	-0.9
	4.2
	-0.8
	0.1
	3.3





	
Fitness and recreational sports centers(2)

	
71394

	486.2
	3.0
	0.3
	1.6
	-1.4
	1.8





	
Bowling centers

	
71395

	44.9
	0.4
	3.0
	-2.5
	-3.0
	0.3





	




	
Accommodation and Food Services

				





	




	
Accommodation and food services

	
72

	11,588.5
	0.7
	2.7
	1.5
	0.8
	4.3





	
Accommodation

	
721

	1,497.7
	1.7
	2.1
	1.3
	-0.4
	3.4





	
Traveler accommodation

	
7211

	1,425.6
	1.8
	2.1
	1.3
	-0.5
	3.4





	
Hotels and motels, except casino hotels

	
72111

	1,183.2
	1.3
	2.5
	0.7
	-0.6
	3.2





	
Food services and drinking places

	
722

	10,090.8
	0.5
	3.0
	1.5
	1.0
	4.5





	
Special food services

	
7223

	617.0
	0.7
	1.9
	1.1
	0.4
	3.0





	
Drinking places, alcoholic beverages

	
7224

	278.5
	-0.7
	3.6
	-1.6
	-1.0
	1.9





	
Restaurants and other eating places

	
72251

	9,195.3
	0.6
	3.1
	1.7
	1.2
	4.9





	
Full-service restaurants

	
722511

	4,236.6
	0.7
	3.3
	1.4
	0.7
	4.7





	
Limited-service eating places

	
722513,4,5

	4,958.7
	0.4
	2.9
	2.0
	1.6
	5.0





	




	
Other Services

				





	




	
Automotive repair and maintenance

	
8111

	1,091.0
	1.0
	2.1
	1.3
	0.3
	3.4





	
Reupholstery and furniture repair

	
81142

	19.1
	-0.9
	3.5
	-3.0
	-2.0
	0.4





	
Personal care services

	
8121

	1,022.6
	2.2
	1.5
	2.5
	0.2
	4.0





	
Hair, nail, and skin care services

	
81211

	836.8
	2.0
	1.5
	2.1
	0.1
	3.6





	
Funeral homes and funeral services

	
81221

	104.1
	-0.1
	3.7
	-0.3
	-0.2
	3.3





	
Drycleaning and laundry services

	
8123

	253.1
	2.1
	1.4
	0.6
	-1.5
	1.9





	
Coin-operated laundries and drycleaners

	
81231

	40.5
	2.1
	2.3
	-0.1
	-2.2
	2.2





	
Drycleaning and laundry services (except coin-operated)

	
81232

	99.9
	0.5
	2.2
	-2.3
	-2.8
	-0.1





	
Linen and uniform supply

	
81233

	112.7
	2.5
	0.6
	2.9
	0.3
	3.5





	
Photofinishing

	
81292

	6.9
	2.0
	1.9
	-5.2
	-7.0
	-3.4









	

		Footnotes

		(1) For NAICS industries 484, 4841, 48411, 493, 4931, 49311, and 49312, average annual percent changes are for 1992-2020.

		(2) For NAICS industries 4842, 48422, 48423, 71391, and 71394, average annual percent changes are for 2002-2020.

		(3) For NAICS industries 491 and 4911, average annual percent changes are for the fiscal year ending in September.

		(4) For NAICS industries 5412, 54121, 541211, 541219, 5615, and 7132, average annual percent changes are for 1997-2020.

		(5) For NAICS industry 54194, average annual percent changes are for 2004-2020.

		(6) For NAICS industries 56131, 6215, 621511, and 621512, average annual percent changes are for 1994-2020.

		(7) For NAICS industry 6221,3, average annual percent changes are for 1993-2019. Employment is for 2019.

		(8) For NAICS industry 7131, average annual percent changes are for 2007-2020.
Table of Contents
Last Modified Date: June 30, 2022