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Table 3. Labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data, 2019-2024

Table 3. Labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data, 2019-2024
Industry	2017 NAICS code	2024 Employment (thousands)	Annual percent change, 2019-2024
Industry	2017 NAICS code	2024 Employment (thousands)	Labor productivity	Unit labor costs	Output	Hours worked	Labor compen- sation	Hourly compen- sation
Utilities

Utilities	22	591.3	-0.9	4.5	0.3	1.3	4.9	3.5
Utilities	221	591.3	-0.9	4.5	0.3	1.3	4.9	3.5
Power generation and supply	2211	413.1	-1.6	5.1	-0.4	1.3	4.7	3.4
Natural gas distribution	2212	116.1	1.0	2.7	2.1	1.1	4.8	3.7
Water, sewage and other systems	2213	62.1	0.7	4.8	2.6	1.9	7.5	5.5

Transportation and Warehousing

Air transportation	481	563.2	-4.5	5.8	1.2	6.1	7.1	1.0
Line-haul railroads	482111	143.9	1.0	3.6	-0.9	-1.9	2.7	4.7
Truck transportation	484	1,727.3	1.4	2.9	0.5	-0.9	3.4	4.3
General freight trucking	4841	1,253.0	1.4	3.1	0.4	-1.1	3.5	4.6
General freight trucking, local	48411	356.1	1.0	2.8	1.5	0.4	4.3	3.9
General freight trucking, long-distance	48412	896.9	1.7	3.1	0.1	-1.6	3.2	4.9
Specialized freight trucking	4842	474.3	0.7	2.8	0.2	-0.4	3.1	3.5
Postal service(1)	491	606.6	-4.0	7.6	-4.4	-0.5	2.9	3.3
Postal service(1)	4911	606.6	-4.0	7.6	-4.4	-0.5	2.9	3.3
Couriers and messengers	492	1,336.9	-5.8	12.1	-0.2	5.9	11.9	5.7
Warehousing and storage	493	1,861.8	-7.4	13.8	0.0	8.0	13.8	5.4
Warehousing and storage	4931	1,861.8	-7.4	13.8	0.0	8.0	13.8	5.4

Information

Publishing	511	890.6	4.1	1.8	7.1	2.9	9.1	6.0
Newspaper, book, and directory publishers	5111	243.0	4.9	0.7	-1.9	-6.5	-1.2	5.7
Newspaper publishers	51111	89.9	5.8	-0.5	-3.4	-8.6	-3.8	5.3
Periodical publishers	51112	69.0	6.5	-1.3	0.0	-6.1	-1.3	5.1
Software publishers	5112	647.6	1.5	2.4	8.9	7.3	11.5	3.9
Broadcasting, except Internet	515	236.6	7.7	-2.8	4.0	-3.4	1.1	4.7
Radio and television broadcasting	5151	190.2	6.5	-1.9	3.3	-3.0	1.3	4.4
Cable and other subscription programming	5152	46.4	8.8	-2.8	3.6	-4.7	0.7	5.7
Wired and wireless telecommunications carriers	5173	540.4	1.1	1.0	-1.0	-2.1	0.0	2.1
Wired telecommunications carriers	517311	455.1	-1.8	4.2	-3.5	-1.7	0.6	2.3
Wireless telecommunications carriers	517312	85.3	6.0	-4.7	1.9	-3.9	-2.9	1.0

Finance and Insurance

Commercial banking	52211	1,376.7	1.3	4.2	0.6	-0.7	4.8	5.5

Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

Truck, trailer, and RV rental and leasing	53212	95.3	4.8	3.4	1.3	-3.3	4.8	8.4

Professional and Technical Services

Accounting and bookkeeping services	5412	1,315.9	0.3	4.0	1.7	1.4	5.7	4.3
Accounting and bookkeeping services	54121	1,315.9	0.3	4.0	1.7	1.4	5.7	4.3
Engineering services	54133	1,205.2	1.2	2.8	3.6	2.4	6.5	4.0

Administrative and Waste Services

Travel arrangement and reservation services	5615	234.4	7.5	0.9	4.8	-2.5	5.8	8.4

Health Care and Social Assistance

Medical and diagnostic laboratories	6215	325.1	5.2	0.4	5.8	0.6	6.3	5.7

Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation

Amusement parks and arcades	7131	236.2	1.8	3.3	2.5	0.7	5.9	5.1
Gambling industries	7132	133.2	7.4	1.2	7.6	0.2	8.9	8.7

Accommodation and Food Services

Accommodation	721	1,953.4	2.1	2.6	0.6	-1.5	3.2	4.8
Traveler accommodation	7211	1,862.0	2.1	2.6	0.4	-1.6	3.1	4.8
Food services and drinking places	722	12,494.4	3.0	3.1	2.7	-0.3	5.9	6.2
Restaurants and other eating places	72251	11,121.0	3.3	2.8	2.9	-0.4	5.8	6.2
Full-service restaurants	722511	5,410.0	4.7	1.2	3.6	-1.1	4.9	6.0
Limited-service eating places	722513,4,5	5,711.0	2.1	4.5	2.4	0.3	7.0	6.7

Other Services

Automotive repair and maintenance	8111	1,282.3	-2.3	7.3	-0.2	2.1	7.1	4.9
Drycleaning and laundry services	8123	272.6	1.6	3.7	-0.8	-2.3	2.9	5.4
Footnotes (1) For NAICS industries 491 and 4911, average annual percent changes are for the fiscal year ending in September.

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Last Modified Date: June 26, 2025