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Table 3. Labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data, 2019-2023

Table 3. Labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data, 2019-2023
Industry	2017 NAICS code	2023 Employment (thousands)	Annual percent change, 2019-2023
Industry	2017 NAICS code	2023 Employment (thousands)	Labor productivity	Unit labor costs	Output	Hours worked	Labor compen- sation	Hourly compen- sation
Utilities

Utilities	22	575.4	-0.7	4.4	0.1	0.8	4.5	3.6
Utilities	221	575.4	-0.7	4.4	0.1	0.8	4.5	3.6
Power generation and supply	2211	401.3	-1.4	4.7	-0.5	0.9	4.1	3.2
Natural gas distribution	2212	113.8	0.7	3.6	1.3	0.6	5.0	4.3
Water, sewage and other systems	2213	60.3	1.5	4.7	2.1	0.6	6.9	6.3

Transportation and Warehousing

Air transportation	481	546.4	-5.5	6.1	0.5	6.3	6.5	0.2
Line-haul railroads	482111	142.8	0.2	4.3	-1.3	-1.5	3.0	4.6
Truck transportation	484	1,780.9	0.5	4.5	0.2	-0.3	4.8	5.1
General freight trucking	4841	1,300.0	0.3	5.1	0.1	-0.3	5.2	5.4
General freight trucking, local	48411	364.9	0.5	3.6	1.7	1.2	5.4	4.1
General freight trucking, long-distance	48412	935.1	0.4	5.5	-0.4	-0.8	5.1	5.9
Specialized freight trucking	4842	480.9	0.4	3.7	0.0	-0.4	3.7	4.1
Postal service(1)	491	603.3	-3.4	5.9	-3.8	-0.4	1.9	2.3
Postal service(1)	4911	603.3	-3.4	5.9	-3.8	-0.4	1.9	2.3
Couriers and messengers	492	1,283.5	-5.8	11.7	1.0	7.2	12.8	5.2
Warehousing and storage	493	1,822.0	-8.7	14.7	0.1	9.6	14.8	4.7
Warehousing and storage	4931	1,822.0	-8.7	14.7	0.1	9.6	14.8	4.7

Information

Publishing	511	910.1	3.9	1.3	8.0	4.0	9.4	5.2
Newspaper, book, and directory publishers	5111	251.7	5.9	-3.8	-1.7	-7.1	-5.3	1.9
Newspaper publishers	51111	97.4	6.7	-4.9	-3.1	-9.1	-7.8	1.5
Periodical publishers	51112	70.8	7.4	-5.6	0.1	-6.9	-5.5	1.5
Software publishers	5112	658.4	0.8	2.4	10.3	9.4	12.9	3.2
Broadcasting, except Internet	515	240.5	7.7	-6.7	3.7	-3.7	-3.3	0.5
Radio and television broadcasting	5151	193.6	7.1	-6.5	3.6	-3.3	-3.1	0.2
Cable and other subscription programming	5152	46.9	9.2	-6.7	3.1	-5.5	-3.8	1.8
Wired and wireless telecommunications carriers	5173	565.0	1.9	0.8	-0.5	-2.3	0.3	2.7
Wired telecommunications carriers	517311	474.1	-0.8	3.7	-2.7	-1.9	0.9	2.9
Wireless telecommunications carriers	517312	90.9	6.8	-4.4	2.1	-4.4	-2.4	2.1

Finance and Insurance

Commercial banking	52211	1,392.7	1.2	5.0	0.6	-0.5	5.6	6.2

Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

Truck, trailer, and RV rental and leasing	53212	98.7	4.0	4.5	1.8	-2.1	6.4	8.7

Professional and Technical Services

Accounting and bookkeeping services	5412	1,297.7	1.1	3.1	3.0	1.8	6.1	4.3
Accounting and bookkeeping services	54121	1,297.7	1.1	3.1	3.0	1.8	6.1	4.3
Engineering services	54133	1,163.5	0.5	3.4	2.7	2.2	6.2	3.9

Administrative and Waste Services

Travel arrangement and reservation services	5615	233.2	7.1	3.5	5.5	-1.5	9.2	10.8

Health Care and Social Assistance

Medical and diagnostic laboratories	6215	339.6	4.2	1.1	6.1	1.8	7.3	5.4

Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation

Amusement parks and arcades	7131	225.7	5.0	2.0	4.0	-1.0	6.0	7.1
Gambling industries	7132	127.0	9.1	-0.2	8.7	-0.4	8.4	8.9

Accommodation and Food Services

Food services and drinking places	722	12,442.4	3.4	3.3	3.2	-0.3	6.5	6.8
Restaurants and other eating places	72251	11,071.8	3.7	3.0	3.3	-0.4	6.4	6.8
Full-service restaurants	722511	5,383.2	5.0	1.6	3.9	-1.1	5.5	6.7
Limited-service eating places	722513,4,5	5,688.6	2.5	4.5	2.9	0.4	7.5	7.1

Other Services

Automotive repair and maintenance	8111	1,247.1	-1.4	6.6	0.7	2.2	7.4	5.1
Drycleaning and laundry services	8123	285.0	1.3	4.7	-1.7	-2.9	3.0	6.1
Footnotes (1) For NAICS industries 491 and 4911, annual percent changes are for the fiscal year ending in September.

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Last Modified Date: November 27, 2024