Table 3. Total factor productivity in selected periods

	
Table 3. Total factor productivity in selected periods

		

			
Industry
			
2017 

NAICS 

code
			
Annual percent change
		
		

			
1987-2021
			
1987-1990
			
1990-1995
			
1995-2000
			
2000-2007
			
2007-2019
			
2019-2021
		
		

		
		

		
	
	
    Manufacturing
Animal food
 3111
0.1
0.6
0.8
-0.7
1.6
-1.5
3.6
Grain and oilseed milling
 3112
0.3
0.4
0.9
0.2
0.3
-0.4
3.7
Sugar and confectionery products
 3113
0.2
0.2
1.3
1.9
0.1
-1.5
3.9
Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty
 3114
0.3
-1.8
1.4
0.6
0.7
-0.3
2.6
Dairy products
 3115
0.3
-1.1
0.6
-0.3
1.1
0.0
1.4
Animal slaughtering and processing
 3116
0.5
0.0
1.2
0.9
1.7
-0.3
-1.0
Seafood product preparation and packaging
 3117
0.5
-1.6
0.5
1.0
2.1
-0.3
0.5
Bakeries and tortilla products
 3118
-0.4
-3.7
0.8
-0.5
0.3
-1.2
4.3
Other food products
 3119
0.4
0.2
1.3
-0.6
1.3
-0.5
3.1
Beverages
 3121
0.6
1.4
2.2
-1.2
2.2
-0.5
1.7
Tobacco
 3122
-0.4
1.8
1.9
0.4
-1.1
-2.2
1.7
Fiber, yarn, and thread mills
 3131
0.8
1.2
0.7
0.7
3.8
-0.7
-1.1
Fabric mills
 3132
1.0
0.8
2.0
1.0
3.1
-1.0
3.0
Textile and fabric finishing mills
 3133
-0.1
0.5
0.5
1.3
0.4
-0.9
-3.8
Textile furnishings mills
 3141
-0.1
-0.1
1.8
-1.1
0.6
-1.8
5.7
Other textile product mills
 3149
0.4
0.1
0.7
-0.6
1.6
-0.2
2.9
Apparel knitting mills
 3151
-0.4
0.9
2.2
-2.3
-3.0
0.1
2.2
Cut and sew apparel
 3152
-0.9
-1.2
0.9
-0.9
-3.1
-0.2
-1.3
Accessories and other apparel
 3159
-1.8
1.4
0.7
-6.8
-3.1
-1.6
2.8
Leather and hide tanning and finishing
 3161
1.4
-4.0
-0.1
4.3
-4.3
6.1
-1.4
Footwear
 3162
-0.5
-1.9
0.2
-0.4
-0.3
-0.7
0.6
Other leather products
 3169
-0.1
0.2
-3.4
3.6
-0.2
-0.8
3.5
Sawmills and wood preservation
 3211
1.0
1.5
-0.1
0.0
2.0
0.7
4.6
Plywood and engineered wood products
 3212
-0.1
-0.7
0.0
-0.1
1.2
0.1
-4.9
Other wood products
 3219
-0.1
-0.7
-0.7
-0.8
0.9
-0.8
4.6
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
 3221
0.7
-1.2
0.1
1.8
2.1
0.1
1.2
Converted paper products
 3222
0.0
0.3
0.3
-0.3
0.9
-0.7
1.4
Printing and related support activities
 3231
0.2
0.1
-0.1
-1.0
1.0
0.3
0.2
Petroleum and coal products
 3241
0.2
-1.9
1.9
3.0
-1.9
-0.9
7.4
Basic chemicals
 3251
0.3
-0.6
-2.4
-1.0
3.7
-0.5
5.5
Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers
 3252
0.1
-1.4
0.9
0.6
2.2
-1.1
-0.4
Agricultural chemicals
 3253
1.1
1.0
1.4
0.4
3.1
-0.8
7.9
Pharmaceuticals and medicines
 3254
-1.3
-1.5
-1.8
-1.4
0.6
-2.7
2.3
Paints, coatings, and adhesives
 3255
-0.1
-1.9
-0.3
-0.5
1.3
-0.8
3.5
Soaps, cleaning compounds, and toiletries
 3256
0.2
-1.2
0.6
-0.7
4.5
-1.1
-3.1
Other chemical products and preparations
 3259
0.4
-1.2
0.8
1.9
0.0
-0.4
4.8
Plastics products
 3261
0.4
-0.1
1.5
0.6
0.8
-0.6
2.2
Rubber products
 3262
0.8
1.0
1.5
0.9
1.0
-0.2
3.3
Clay products and refractories
 3271
0.3
1.3
1.6
1.1
-0.4
-1.0
3.5
Glass and glass products
 3272
0.4
0.4
2.0
2.0
0.6
0.0
-5.1
Cement and concrete products
 3273
-0.1
1.3
0.8
0.4
0.1
-1.6
3.1
Lime and gypsum products
 3274
-0.6
-1.5
-1.8
0.9
0.7
-1.4
0.6
Other nonmetallic mineral products
 3279
0.7
-0.2
2.5
-0.6
2.4
-0.3
1.2
Iron and steel mills and ferroalloys
 3311
0.7
0.9
2.1
2.3
0.3
0.9
-6.5
Steel products from purchased steel
 3312
0.1
1.3
2.7
0.0
-0.4
-0.9
0.7
Alumina and aluminum production
 3313
1.0
-0.3
-0.3
0.7
1.2
1.7
1.3
Other nonferrous metal production
 3314
0.9
-3.7
1.7
3.9
-3.2
1.6
8.4
Foundries
 3315
0.4
-0.1
2.0
0.7
0.7
-0.5
1.0
Forging and stamping
 3321
0.7
-0.4
0.5
-0.3
4.1
-0.4
0.8
Cutlery and handtools
 3322
0.4
-1.1
1.0
-0.7
0.6
0.1
4.5
Architectural and structural metals
 3323
-0.1
-0.9
0.8
-1.0
1.4
-0.8
1.1
Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers
 3324
0.4
0.7
1.6
0.7
0.8
-1.1
3.6
Hardware
 3325
-0.4
-1.9
0.7
-0.2
-0.7
-0.8
1.8
Spring and wire products
 3326
0.5
0.5
1.5
0.0
1.7
-1.0
4.5
Machine shops and threaded products
 3327
0.9
1.4
3.2
0.0
1.6
-0.7
3.6
Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals
 3328
1.2
1.3
2.1
-0.9
3.6
-0.2
4.4
Other fabricated metal products
 3329
-0.3
-1.4
0.3
-1.3
1.9
-1.8
4.5
Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery
 3331
0.2
2.6
0.2
-1.0
1.6
-1.2
3.4
Industrial machinery
 3332
0.5
0.3
1.8
0.0
1.4
0.0
-1.0
Commercial and service industry machinery
 3333
0.0
1.0
0.0
-1.3
-0.5
0.0
3.9
HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment
 3334
0.4
0.0
0.9
0.4
1.6
-0.4
0.3
Metalworking machinery
 3335
1.1
0.3
1.7
-1.3
2.7
0.2
7.4
Turbine and power transmission equipment
 3336
0.1
-0.5
0.2
0.6
-0.3
0.2
0.6
Other general purpose machinery
 3339
0.2
0.5
0.3
-0.2
1.9
-0.9
1.6
Computer and peripheral equipment
 3341
9.6
6.6
14.0
22.4
17.0
0.7
4.1
Communications equipment
 3342
2.1
3.2
5.6
5.6
2.8
-1.2
0.3
Audio and video equipment
 3343
2.6
3.2
2.9
3.0
2.9
1.6
5.2
Semiconductors and electronic components
 3344
8.4
6.4
18.4
22.0
7.4
0.7
6.2
Electronic instruments
 3345
0.5
1.7
1.1
-0.3
1.2
0.0
-0.1
Magnetic media manufacturing and reproducing
 3346
0.5
0.7
6.0
-2.7
2.2
-1.7
2.8
Electric lighting equipment
 3351
0.7
-1.7
0.9
0.6
1.4
0.3
4.6
Household appliances
 3352
1.9
0.2
3.3
0.9
3.4
0.6
6.2
Electrical equipment
 3353
0.5
1.0
2.8
-1.5
1.1
-0.7
4.1
Other electrical equipment and components
 3359
0.6
-1.2
1.9
1.1
0.3
0.1
3.7
Motor vehicles
 3361
0.2
0.4
-0.9
0.3
2.8
-0.8
0.2
Motor vehicle bodies and trailers
 3362
0.0
-2.3
2.3
-1.2
0.2
-0.4
3.6
Motor vehicle parts
 3363
1.6
-0.8
3.2
1.7
2.1
0.6
5.3
Aerospace products and parts
 3364
-0.4
-1.5
0.0
-0.2
2.1
-0.5
-8.1
Railroad rolling stock
 3365
0.8
0.7
0.3
4.7
-1.6
0.4
3.2
Ship and boat building
 3366
0.5
0.3
-0.3
0.5
-0.4
1.4
1.3
Other transportation equipment
 3369
1.6
-2.2
6.3
-0.5
5.6
-1.0
2.5
Household and institutional furniture
 3371
0.4
-0.1
1.3
-0.2
1.0
-0.3
2.8
Office furniture and fixtures
 3372
0.1
-2.4
0.9
2.1
0.9
-0.3
-3.0
Other furniture related products
 3379
0.4
0.0
1.4
0.3
1.7
-0.5
-1.0
Medical equipment and supplies
 3391
0.5
2.0
0.1
1.1
1.6
-0.8
1.6
Other miscellaneous manufacturing
 3399
0.6
0.9
0.6
0.7
1.3
-0.4
3.0
Transportation
Air transportation
 481
0.4
-0.7
-0.1
-0.1
4.5
0.9
-11.4
Line-haul railroads
 482111
1.5
3.9
4.4
1.6
1.3
0.2
-1.2