Table 4. Contributions to labor productivity

	
Table 4. Contributions to labor productivity

		

			
Industry
			
2017 

NAICS 

code
			
Annual percent change, 1987-2021
		
		

			
Labor 

productivity
			
Contribution of 

capital intensity
			
Contribution of 
 intermediate inputs intensity
			
Total factor 

productivity
		
		

		
		

		
		

		
	
	

		

			
Manufacturing

			
		
		

			
		
		

			
Animal food
			
 3111
			
1.3
			
0.3
			
0.9
			
0.1
		
		

			
Grain and oilseed milling
			
 3112
			
1.7
			
0.2
			
1.2
			
0.3
		
		

			
Sugar and confectionery products
			
 3113
			
0.9
			
0.3
			
0.4
			
0.2
		
		

			
Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty
			
 3114
			
0.8
			
0.2
			
0.2
			
0.3
		
		

			
Dairy products
			
 3115
			
1.2
			
0.2
			
0.7
			
0.3
		
		

			
Animal slaughtering and processing
			
 3116
			
0.4
			
0.1
			
-0.2
			
0.5
		
		

			
Seafood product preparation and packaging
			
 3117
			
0.8
			
0.2
			
0.2
			
0.5
		
		

			
Bakeries and tortilla products
			
 3118
			
0.2
			
0.1
			
0.5
			
-0.4
		
		

			
Other food products
			
 3119
			
-0.1
			
-0.3
			
-0.2
			
0.4
		
		

			
		
		

			
Beverages
			
 3121
			
0.2
			
-0.2
			
-0.2
			
0.6
		
		

			
Tobacco
			
 3122
			
2.5
			
2.2
			
0.7
			
-0.4
		
		
		

			
Fiber, yarn, and thread mills
			
 3131
			
1.3
			
0.0
			
0.5
			
0.8
		
		

			
Fabric mills
			
 3132
			
2.4
			
0.4
			
1.1
			
1.0
		
		

			
Textile and fabric finishing mills
			
 3133
			
0.9
			
0.2
			
0.8
			
-0.1
		
		
		

			
Textile furnishings mills
			
 3141
			
0.4
			
0.3
			
0.2
			
-0.1
		
		

			
Other textile product mills
			
 3149
			
1.3
			
0.2
			
0.8
			
0.4
		
		

			
		
		

			
Apparel knitting mills
			
 3151
			
0.2
			
0.6
			
0.1
			
-0.4
		
		

			
Cut and sew apparel
			
 3152
			
0.6
			
0.8
			
0.6
			
-0.9
		
		

			
Accessories and other apparel
			
 3159
			
-2.5
			
0.1
			
-0.8
			
-1.8
		
		

			
		
		

			
Leather and hide tanning and finishing
			
 3161
			
1.3
			
0.2
			
-0.2
			
1.4
		
		

			
Footwear
			
 3162
			
1.3
			
0.4
			
1.3
			
-0.5
		
		

			
Other leather products
			
 3169
			
0.9
			
0.4
			
0.6
			
-0.1
		
		

			
		
		

			
Sawmills and wood preservation
			
 3211
			
1.6
			
-0.1
			
0.7
			
1.0
		
		

			
Plywood and engineered wood products
			
 3212
			
0.3
			
-0.2
			
0.5
			
-0.1
		
		

			
Other wood products
			
 3219
			
0.9
			
0.1
			
0.9
			
-0.1
		
		

			
		
		

			
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
			
 3221
			
1.9
			
0.4
			
0.8
			
0.7
		
		

			
Converted paper products
			
 3222
			
0.7
			
0.3
			
0.4
			
0.0
		
		
		

			
Printing and related support activities
			
 3231
			
1.1
			
0.3
			
0.6
			
0.2
		
		
		

			
Petroleum and coal products
			
 3241
			
1.9
			
0.2
			
1.4
			
0.2
		
		
		

			
Basic chemicals
			
 3251
			
2.1
			
0.5
			
1.3
			
0.3
		
		

			
Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers
			
 3252
			
1.4
			
0.4
			
0.9
			
0.1
		
		

			
Agricultural chemicals
			
 3253
			
1.6
			
0.4
			
0.1
			
1.1
		
		

			
Pharmaceuticals and medicines
			
 3254
			
-0.8
			
0.6
			
-0.1
			
-1.3
		
		

			
Paints, coatings, and adhesives
			
 3255
			
0.6
			
0.1
			
0.6
			
-0.1
		
		

			
Soaps, cleaning compounds, and toiletries
			
 3256
			
0.8
			
0.5
			
0.1
			
0.2
		
		

			
Other chemical products and preparations
			
 3259
			
2.0
			
0.5
			
1.0
			
0.4
		
		
		

			
Plastics products
			
 3261
			
1.2
			
0.3
			
0.5
			
0.4
		
		

			
Rubber products
			
 3262
			
1.7
			
0.2
			
0.8
			
0.8
		
		

			
		
		

			
Clay products and refractories
			
 3271
			
1.3
			
0.2
			
0.7
			
0.3
		
		

			
Glass and glass products
			
 3272
			
1.4
			
0.3
			
0.7
			
0.4
		
		

			
Cement and concrete products
			
 3273
			
0.2
			
0.0
			
0.2
			
-0.1
		
		

			
Lime and gypsum products
			
 3274
			
1.0
			
0.5
			
1.2
			
-0.6
		
		

			
Other nonmetallic mineral products
			
 3279
			
1.1
			
-0.1
			
0.4
			
0.7
		
		

			
		
		

			
Iron and steel mills and ferroalloys
			
 3311
			
2.2
			
0.0
			
1.5
			
0.7
		
		

			
Steel products from purchased steel
			
 3312
			
0.5
			
-0.2
			
0.5
			
0.1
		
		

			
Alumina and aluminum production
			
 3313
			
1.4
			
0.1
			
0.3
			
1.0
		
		

			
Other nonferrous metal production
			
 3314
			
1.4
			
0.3
			
0.2
			
0.9
		
		

			
Foundries
			
 3315
			
1.3
			
0.2
			
0.7
			
0.4
		
		

			
		
		

			
Forging and stamping
			
 3321
			
1.7
			
0.2
			
0.8
			
0.7
		
		

			
Cutlery and handtools
			
 3322
			
1.0
			
0.2
			
0.4
			
0.4
		
		

			
Architectural and structural metals
			
 3323
			
0.5
			
0.0
			
0.5
			
-0.1
		
		

			
Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers
			
 3324
			
0.8
			
0.1
			
0.4
			
0.4
		
		

			
Hardware
			
 3325
			
0.7
			
0.3
			
0.8
			
-0.4
		
		

			
Spring and wire products
			
 3326
			
1.6
			
0.3
			
0.8
			
0.5
		
		

			
Machine shops and threaded products
			
 3327
			
1.7
			
0.2
			
0.6
			
0.9
		
		

			
Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals
			
 3328
			
2.0
			
0.1
			
0.7
			
1.2
		
		

			
Other fabricated metal products
			
 3329
			
0.5
			
0.2
			
0.6
			
-0.3
		
		

			
		
		

			
Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery
			
 3331
			
1.7
			
0.1
			
1.4
			
0.2
		
		

			
Industrial machinery
			
 3332
			
1.0
			
0.1
			
0.5
			
0.5
		
		

			
Commercial and service industry machinery
			
 3333
			
1.4
			
0.2
			
1.2
			
0.0
		
		

			
HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment
			
 3334
			
0.8
			
0.1
			
0.3
			
0.4
		
		

			
Metalworking machinery
			
 3335
			
2.0
			
0.1
			
0.8
			
1.1
		
		

			
Turbine and power transmission equipment
			
 3336
			
1.2
			
0.2
			
0.9
			
0.1
		
		

			
Other general purpose machinery
			
 3339
			
1.5
			
0.1
			
1.2
			
0.2
		
		

			
		
		

			
Computer and peripheral equipment
			
 3341
			
12.9
			
1.1
			
1.8
			
9.6
		
		

			
Communications equipment
			
 3342
			
4.7
			
0.7
			
1.9
			
2.1
		
		

			
Audio and video equipment
			
 3343
			
2.9
			
0.0
			
0.3
			
2.6
		
		

			
Semiconductors and electronic components
			
 3344
			
11.4
			
1.7
			
1.0
			
8.4
		
		

			
Electronic instruments
			
 3345
			
2.6
			
0.4
			
1.7
			
0.5
		
		

			
Magnetic media manufacturing and reproducing
			
 3346
			
-0.3
			
0.3
			
-1.1
			
0.5
		
		
		

			
Electric lighting equipment
			
 3351
			
1.7
			
0.4
			
0.6
			
0.7
		
		

			
Household appliances
			
 3352
			
2.7
			
0.2
			
0.7
			
1.9
		
		

			
Electrical equipment
			
 3353
			
1.5
			
0.2
			
0.9
			
0.5
		
		

			
Other electrical equipment and components
			
 3359
			
1.0
			
0.1
			
0.3
			
0.6
		
		

			
		
		

			
Motor vehicles
			
 3361
			
2.1
			
0.3
			
1.6
			
0.2
		
		

			
Motor vehicle bodies and trailers
			
 3362
			
1.5
			
0.1
			
1.4
			
0.0
		
		

			
Motor vehicle parts
			
 3363
			
2.4
			
0.0
			
0.7
			
1.6
		
		

			
Aerospace products and parts
			
 3364
			
1.2
			
0.4
			
1.2
			
-0.4
		
		

			
Railroad rolling stock
			
 3365
			
2.0
			
0.1
			
1.1
			
0.8
		
		

			
Ship and boat building
			
 3366
			
1.8
			
0.1
			
1.1
			
0.5
		
		

			
Other transportation equipment
			
 3369
			
2.8
			
0.4
			
0.9
			
1.6
		
		

			
		
		

			
Household and institutional furniture
			
 3371
			
0.9
			
0.2
			
0.3
			
0.4
		
		

			
Office furniture and fixtures
			
 3372
			
0.9
			
0.4
			
0.4
			
0.1
		
		

			
Other furniture related products
			
 3379
			
1.5
			
0.1
			
1.0
			
0.4
		
		

			
		
		

			
Medical equipment and supplies
			
 3391
			
2.0
			
0.8
			
0.7
			
0.5
		
		

			
Other miscellaneous manufacturing
			
 3399
			
1.1
			
0.2
			
0.3
			
0.6
		
		
		

			
Transportation

			
		
		

			
		
		

			
Air transportation
			
 481
			
1.8
			
0.7
			
0.6
			
0.4
		
		

			
Line-haul railroads
			
 482111
			
3.5
			
0.9
			
1.1
			
1.5