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Table 11. Wage and salary costs of training per employee by selected establishment characteristics, May-October 1995 Wage and salary costs Characteristics Total Formal Informal training training TOTAL All employees1 $ 646.9 $ 224.1 $422.8 Industry Mining 741.9 418.0 323.8 Construction 746.5 195.0 551.6 Manufacturing: Durables goods 815.2 346.5 468.6 Nondurables goods 591.9 353.8 238.1 Transportation, communications,and 471.3 236.8 234.5 public utilities Wholesale trade 542.6 149.4 393.1 Retail trade 463.4 49.1 414.2 Finance,insurance, 878.9 235.3 643.6 and real estate Services 718.1 252.4 465.7 Establishment size 50 to 99 employees 462.0 110.2 351.8 100 to 499 employees 654.3 215.3 439.0 500 employees or more 753.5 307.5 446.0 Number of selected establishment benefits2 Fewer than 4 704.2 52.8 651.4 4 or 5 451.2 167.9 283.3 6 or 7 575.8 249.1 326.7 8 or more 890.0 274.3 615.7 Number of selected establishment work practices3 0 814.0 181.2 632.8 1 or 2 356.1 73.7 282.5 3 or 4 730.6 231.3 499.3 5 or 6 685.4 321.9 363.5 7 or more 846.3 380.1 466.2 Presence of contract employees None 512.8 142.0 370.8 Some 797.1 316.1 481.0 Turnover rate4 Low 886.6 546.2 340.4 Medium 712.4 243.4 469.0 High 501.6 137.7 364.0 Employment change over the last 3 months Declining 643.5 205.9 437.6 Stable 528.4 184.1 344.3 Increasing 687.1 244.9 442.2 Part-time employment None 724.3 247.6 476.7 Some, but less than 10% 651.0 253.5 397.5 10 percent or more 607.4 191.4 416.0 1 Employees working in establishments of 50 or more employees. 2 The survey questionnaire asked respondents of the establishment to select which, if any, of 11 listed benefits they provided to their employees. 3 The survey questionnaire asked respondents of the establishment to select which, if any, of nine listed workplace practices they used at their establishment. 4 A turnover rate of less than 1.0 percent of average employment over the prior three months was defined as low, 1 to 25 percent was considered medium, and 25 percent or greater was considered high.