U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Department of Labor Logo United States Department of Labor
Dot gov

The .gov means it's official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Economic News Release
PRINT:Print
CPS CPS Program Links

Table 3. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry

Table 3. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry, 2022-2023 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Occupation and industry 2022 2023
Total
employed		 Members
of
unions(1)		 Represented
by unions(2)		 Total
employed		 Members
of
unions(1)		 Represented
by unions(2)
Total Percent
of
employed		 Total Percent
of
employed		 Total Percent
of
employed		 Total Percent
of
employed

OCCUPATION

Management, professional, and related occupations

 59,979 6,268 10.5 7,202 12.0 62,381 6,440 10.3 7,355 11.8

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

 24,013 933 3.9 1,168 4.9 25,434 1,034 4.1 1,247 4.9

Management occupations

 15,693 603 3.8 747 4.8 16,626 680 4.1 816 4.9

Business and financial operations occupations

 8,319 329 4.0 421 5.1 8,808 353 4.0 431 4.9

Professional and related occupations

 35,966 5,335 14.8 6,034 16.8 36,947 5,406 14.6 6,109 16.5

Computer and mathematical occupations

 5,948 195 3.3 248 4.2 6,361 242 3.8 299 4.7

Architecture and engineering occupations

 3,335 200 6.0 231 6.9 3,510 208 5.9 256 7.3

Life, physical, and social science occupations

 1,679 152 9.1 180 10.7 1,770 188 10.6 212 12.0

Community and social service occupations

 2,749 436 15.9 495 18.0 2,746 391 14.2 440 16.0

Legal occupations

 1,547 80 5.1 102 6.6 1,593 81 5.1 105 6.6

Education, training, and library occupations

 8,976 3,027 33.7 3,347 37.3 9,202 3,005 32.7 3,355 36.5

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations

 2,352 187 8.0 215 9.2 2,317 192 8.3 208 9.0

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations

 9,381 1,058 11.3 1,216 13.0 9,448 1,100 11.6 1,234 13.1

Service occupations

 22,968 2,293 10.0 2,502 10.9 23,587 2,162 9.2 2,410 10.2

Healthcare support occupations

 4,777 395 8.3 442 9.3 4,834 369 7.6 429 8.9

Protective service occupations

 3,071 1,062 34.6 1,126 36.7 3,083 985 31.9 1,057 34.3

Food preparation and serving related occupations

 7,749 279 3.6 316 4.1 8,048 259 3.2 286 3.6

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations

 4,595 438 9.5 484 10.5 4,635 420 9.1 488 10.5

Personal care and service occupations

 2,776 118 4.3 133 4.8 2,987 128 4.3 149 5.0

Sales and office occupations

 27,804 1,674 6.0 1,924 6.9 27,730 1,727 6.2 1,971 7.1

Sales and related occupations

 12,183 361 3.0 434 3.6 12,226 358 2.9 440 3.6

Office and administrative support occupations

 15,621 1,313 8.4 1,490 9.5 15,503 1,370 8.8 1,532 9.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

 12,180 1,736 14.3 1,864 15.3 12,132 1,741 14.4 1,866 15.4

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 910 39 4.3 43 4.7 877 40 4.5 42 4.8

Construction and extraction occupations

 6,831 1,120 16.4 1,190 17.4 6,916 1,124 16.3 1,196 17.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

 4,439 577 13.0 631 14.2 4,339 577 13.3 628 14.5

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

 18,742 2,315 12.4 2,510 13.4 18,712 2,353 12.6 2,590 13.8

Production occupations

 7,898 903 11.4 966 12.2 7,888 916 11.6 1,035 13.1

Transportation and material moving occupations

 10,844 1,412 13.0 1,544 14.2 10,823 1,438 13.3 1,555 14.4

INDUSTRY

Private sector

 120,356 7,223 6.0 8,167 6.8 122,963 7,414 6.0 8,428 6.9

Agriculture and related industries

 1,252 48 3.9 54 4.3 1,248 28 2.2 33 2.6

Nonagricultural industries

 119,103 7,175 6.0 8,113 6.8 121,715 7,386 6.1 8,395 6.9

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

 556 36 6.5 43 7.7 577 25 4.3 28 4.9

Construction

 8,671 1,019 11.7 1,076 12.4 8,920 954 10.7 1,017 11.4

Manufacturing

 14,577 1,139 7.8 1,254 8.6 14,922 1,181 7.9 1,353 9.1

Durable goods

 9,305 741 8.0 825 8.9 9,599 772 8.0 878 9.1

Nondurable goods

 5,272 398 7.5 429 8.1 5,323 409 7.7 475 8.9

Wholesale and retail trade

 17,868 742 4.2 861 4.8 18,012 700 3.9 827 4.6

Wholesale trade

 2,879 94 3.3 112 3.9 2,927 137 4.7 150 5.1

Retail trade

 14,988 648 4.3 749 5.0 15,085 563 3.7 677 4.5

Transportation and utilities

 7,564 1,148 15.2 1,220 16.1 7,624 1,256 16.5 1,337 17.5

Transportation and warehousing

 6,596 958 14.5 1,020 15.5 6,495 1,031 15.9 1,103 17.0

Utilities

 968 190 19.6 200 20.7 1,129 224 19.9 234 20.8

Information(3)

 2,361 198 8.4 216 9.1 2,582 191 7.4 200 7.8

Publishing, except Internet

 398 19 4.8 24 6.0 579 21 3.6 23 4.1

Motion pictures and sound recording industries

 429 74 17.3 76 17.8 391 47 12.1 49 12.5

Broadcasting (except internet)

 308 35 11.3 35 11.5 270 26 9.7 27 10.1

Telecommunications

 771 64 8.3 72 9.3 884 83 9.4 88 9.9

Financial activities

 9,335 169 1.8 237 2.5 9,284 161 1.7 219 2.4

Finance and insurance

 7,117 90 1.3 136 1.9 7,025 95 1.3 134 1.9

Finance

 4,523 59 1.3 89 2.0 4,431 55 1.2 75 1.7

Insurance

 2,594 30 1.2 48 1.8 2,594 39 1.5 59 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

 2,219 80 3.6 100 4.5 2,259 67 3.0 85 3.8

Professional and business services

 16,572 373 2.2 467 2.8 16,820 382 2.3 504 3.0

Professional and technical services

 11,182 143 1.3 202 1.8 11,361 152 1.3 228 2.0

Management, administrative, and waste services

 5,390 230 4.3 265 4.9 5,459 230 4.2 276 5.1

Education and health services

 23,643 1,841 7.8 2,140 9.0 24,344 1,982 8.1 2,263 9.3

Educational services

 4,897 606 12.4 704 14.4 5,156 666 12.9 766 14.8

Health care and social assistance

 18,747 1,235 6.6 1,436 7.7 19,188 1,316 6.9 1,498 7.8

Leisure and hospitality

 12,026 342 2.8 406 3.4 12,660 372 2.9 435 3.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

 2,281 144 6.3 173 7.6 2,537 156 6.2 190 7.5

Accommodation and food services

 9,745 198 2.0 233 2.4 10,123 216 2.1 245 2.4

Accommodation

 1,174 81 6.9 85 7.3 1,284 95 7.4 101 7.9

Food services and drinking places

 8,571 117 1.4 148 1.7 8,839 121 1.4 144 1.6

Other services(3)

 5,932 168 2.8 194 3.3 5,970 182 3.0 212 3.6

Other services, except private households

 5,267 165 3.1 186 3.5 5,314 172 3.2 202 3.8

Public sector

 21,318 7,062 33.1 7,835 36.8 21,577 7,010 32.5 7,765 36.0

Federal government

 3,989 972 24.4 1,124 28.2 4,106 1,032 25.1 1,192 29.0

State government

 7,157 2,142 29.9 2,372 33.1 7,417 2,122 28.6 2,377 32.0

Local government

 10,171 3,948 38.8 4,339 42.7 10,053 3,856 38.4 4,195 41.7

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.
(2) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
(3) Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table of Contents
Last Modified Date: January 23, 2024