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Economic News Release
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Table 5. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by state, 2024-2025 annual averages

Table 5. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by state, 2024-2025 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
State 2024 2025
Total
employed		 Members
of
unions(1)		 Represented
by unions(2)		 Total
employed		 Members
of
unions(1)		 Represented
by unions(2)
Total Percent
of
employed		 Total Percent
of
employed		 Total Percent
of
employed		 Total Percent
of
employed

Alabama

 2,110 140 6.6 165 7.8 2,090 131 6.3 150 7.2

Alaska

 300 53 17.7 58 19.5 315 57 18.1 65 20.7

Arizona

 3,183 118 3.7 144 4.5 3,256 132 4.1 148 4.5

Arkansas

 1,265 45 3.5 56 4.4 1,250 36 2.8 44 3.5

California

 16,399 2,381 14.5 2,678 16.3 16,651 2,489 14.9 2,784 16.7

Colorado

 2,671 206 7.7 214 8.0 2,706 161 5.9 180 6.7

Connecticut

 1,634 269 16.5 291 17.8 1,652 266 16.1 284 17.2

Delaware

 435 37 8.5 39 8.9 451 47 10.4 52 11.5

District of Columbia

 362 38 10.6 42 11.7 364 34 9.2 39 10.7

Florida

 9,086 462 5.1 569 6.3 9,328 503 5.4 581 6.2

Georgia

 4,619 174 3.8 203 4.4 4,601 236 5.1 280 6.1

Hawaii

 556 147 26.5 153 27.5 586 145 24.8 152 26.0

Idaho

 850 43 5.0 50 5.9 875 36 4.1 47 5.3

Illinois

 5,615 734 13.1 798 14.2 5,778 758 13.1 812 14.0

Indiana

 2,999 271 9.0 313 10.4 3,143 260 8.3 301 9.6

Iowa

 1,437 93 6.4 119 8.3 1,478 101 6.8 122 8.2

Kansas

 1,309 83 6.3 105 8.0 1,358 84 6.2 122 9.0

Kentucky

 1,761 156 8.8 197 11.2 1,769 157 8.9 187 10.5

Louisiana

 1,741 69 3.9 86 5.0 1,795 79 4.4 99 5.5

Maine

 585 77 13.1 89 15.3 601 71 11.9 85 14.1

Maryland

 2,851 325 11.4 382 13.4 2,711 346 12.7 406 15.0

Massachusetts

 3,397 496 14.6 531 15.6 3,427 498 14.5 527 15.4

Michigan

 4,346 581 13.4 639 14.7 4,354 566 13.0 620 14.2

Minnesota

 2,668 379 14.2 394 14.8 2,731 386 14.1 431 15.8

Mississippi

 1,129 59 5.2 90 7.9 1,111 47 4.2 81 7.3

Missouri

 2,734 234 8.6 255 9.3 2,759 271 9.8 309 11.2

Montana

 474 56 11.9 62 13.1 471 53 11.2 58 12.3

Nebraska

 913 62 6.8 74 8.1 973 64 6.6 82 8.5

Nevada

 1,367 166 12.1 183 13.4 1,460 189 13.0 208 14.3

New Hampshire

 678 62 9.2 72 10.6 676 60 8.9 67 9.9

New Jersey

 4,197 682 16.2 730 17.4 4,158 612 14.7 670 16.1

New Mexico

 834 63 7.5 73 8.8 855 52 6.1 68 7.9

New York

 8,278 1,706 20.6 1,814 21.9 8,624 1,834 21.3 1,943 22.5

North Carolina

 4,555 108 2.4 142 3.1 4,547 113 2.5 140 3.1

North Dakota

 366 18 5.0 23 6.3 385 23 6.0 28 7.4

Ohio

 5,147 621 12.1 685 13.3 5,196 605 11.6 666 12.8

Oklahoma

 1,713 91 5.3 106 6.2 1,749 106 6.1 127 7.3

Oregon

 1,835 292 15.9 321 17.5 1,867 283 15.1 316 16.9

Pennsylvania

 5,706 666 11.7 708 12.4 5,679 620 10.9 665 11.7

Rhode Island

 500 73 14.5 77 15.3 509 82 16.1 89 17.5

South Carolina

 2,163 61 2.8 89 4.1 2,324 63 2.7 96 4.1

South Dakota

 431 12 2.7 16 3.7 415 10 2.3 13 3.1

Tennessee

 2,923 136 4.7 164 5.6 3,057 145 4.8 176 5.7

Texas

 13,345 603 4.5 716 5.4 13,731 673 4.9 793 5.8

Utah

 1,558 58 3.7 122 7.8 1,608 61 3.8 125 7.8

Vermont

 297 42 14.3 47 15.8 293 38 13.1 43 14.8

Virginia

 3,997 207 5.2 229 5.7 3,797 204 5.4 244 6.4

Washington

 3,432 548 16.0 627 18.3 3,512 632 18.0 681 19.4

West Virginia

 699 61 8.8 70 10.0 703 60 8.5 64 9.1

Wisconsin

 2,819 180 6.4 196 6.9 2,691 173 6.4 202 7.5

Wyoming

 249 14 5.6 17 6.7 240 14 6.0 17 7.2

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.
(2) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Annual estimates for 2025 are 11-month averages that exclude October. (Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.) As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with annual averages for other years.
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Last Modified Date: February 18, 2026