Employment Situation of Veterans News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, April 28, 2026                                    USDL-26-0666

Technical information:  (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps  
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                             EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS -- 2025


The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at any
time since September 2001--a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans--was little changed
at 3.6 percent in 2025, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The jobless rate
for all veterans increased over the year from 3.0 percent to 3.5 percent in 2025. In August
2025, 50 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans had a service-connected disability, compared with
34 percent of all veterans. 

This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample
survey of about 60,000 eligible households that provides data on employment, unemployment,
and people not in the labor force in the United States. Data about veterans are collected
monthly in the CPS; these monthly data are the source of the 2025 annual averages presented in
this news release. In August 2025, a supplement to the CPS collected additional information
about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability and veterans' current or past
Reserve or National Guard membership. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department
of Veterans Affairs and the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training
Service. For more information, see the Technical Note in this news release. 

 _____________________________________________________________________________________________
|											      |
|                     Federal Government Shutdown Impact on Veterans Data		      |
|											      |
| The CPS for October 2025 was not collected due to the federal government shutdown. As a     |
| result, annual estimates for 2025 household survey data were produced using 11-month	      |
| averages that exclude October. Consequently, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly	      |
| comparable with annual averages for other years. Veterans supplement data collected in      |
| August 2025 were not affected. For information about the impact of the federal government   |
| shutdown on CPS data, see								      |
| www.bls.gov/cps/methods/2025-federal-government-shutdown-impact-cps.htm.		      |
|_____________________________________________________________________________________________|


Highlights from the 2025 data:

 --The unemployment rate for all veterans increased to 3.5 percent in 2025 and was lower than the
   rate for nonveterans, at 4.2 percent. (See table A.)

 --The unemployment rate for male veterans (3.3 percent) was lower than the rate for female
   veterans (4.6 percent) in 2025. Both measures increased over the year. (See table A.)

 --Unemployment rates for Black and Hispanic veterans were lower than for their nonveteran
   counterparts in 2025, while the rates for White and Asian veterans were not statistically
   different than their nonveteran counterparts. (See table 1.)

 --Among the 294,000 unemployed veterans in 2025, about 60 percent were ages 25 to 54, 35
   percent were age 55 and over, and 5 percent were ages 18 to 24. (See table 2A.)

 --Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a service-connected disability rating of less than 30
   percent in August 2025 were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a
   rating of 60 percent or higher (85.1 percent versus 64.7 percent). (See table 7.)

 --In August 2025, 38.7 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected disability
   worked in the public sector, compared with 20.2 percent of veterans with no disability.
   Among nonveterans, 13.0 percent worked in the public sector. (See table 8.)

The Veteran Population

In 2025, 17.3 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 7 percent of the
civilian noninstitutional population age 18 and over. Of all veterans, 12 percent were women.
In the survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served on active duty
in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time these data were collected. 

Veterans are much more likely to be men than are nonveterans, and they also tend to be older.
In part, this reflects the characteristics of veterans who served during the Vietnam era and
earlier wartime periods, all of whom are now age 65 and over. Veterans who served during these
wartime periods accounted for about 28 percent (4.9 million) of the total veteran population
in 2025. The largest group of veterans in 2025, at 33 percent (5.6 million), served during
Gulf War-era II (September 2001 to present), while 19 percent of veterans (3.3 million) served
during Gulf War-era I (August 1990 to August 2001). The remaining 20 percent of veterans (3.5
million) last served outside these designated wartime periods. (See tables 1 and 2A.)              

The unemployment rate for veteran men (3.3 percent) increased by 0.4 percentage point in 2025
while the rate for veteran women (4.6 percent) increased by 1.1 percentage points. Compared to
nonveteran men and women, the unemployment rate for veteran men was lower than their
nonveteran counterparts (4.3 percent), while the rate for veteran women was little different
from that of their nonveteran counterparts (4.0 percent). Unemployment rates for White (3.3
percent) and Black (5.0 percent) veterans increased over the year, while the rates for Asian
(2.7 percent) and Hispanic or Latino (4.0 percent) veterans were little changed over the year.
Black veterans had a higher unemployment rate than veterans who are White or Asian in 2025.

Gulf War-era II Veterans

In 2025, there were 5.6 million veterans who had served during Gulf War-era II (September 2001
to present). Eighteen percent of these veterans were women, compared to about 15 percent of
Gulf War-era I veterans and about 4 percent of veterans from the Vietnam era and earlier
wartime periods. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era II veterans was little changed over the year at 3.6
percent. Female Gulf War-era II veterans had a higher unemployment rate than their male
counterparts in 2025 (4.8 percent and 3.4 percent, respectively). (See table A.) 

The unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans, at 3.4 percent, was lower than the
rate for male nonveterans, at 4.3 percent, in 2025. By age, unemployment rates for male Gulf
War-era II veterans and male nonveterans were not statistically different, with one exception:
45-to-54-year-old male Gulf War-era II veterans had an unemployment rate of 1.5 percent, lower
than the rate of 3.0 percent for their nonveteran counterparts. (See table 2B.) 

The unemployment rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans, at 4.8 percent, was little
different than the rate for female nonveterans, at 4.0 percent, in 2025. By age, unemployment
rates for female Gulf War-era II veterans and nonveterans were not statistically different,
with one exception: female veterans ages 25 to 34 had an unemployment rate of 8.1 percent,
higher than the rate for their nonveteran counterparts, at 4.2 percent. (See table 2C.)

Employed Gulf War-era II veteran men were more likely than their nonveteran counterparts to
work in management, professional, and related occupations (41.8 percent versus 39.5 percent),
and in service occupations (15.5 percent versus 12.9 percent) in 2025. For women, employed
Gulf War-era II veterans were more likely than their nonveteran counterparts to work in
management, professional, and related occupations (59.1 percent versus 48.8 percent) and in
natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations (2.3 percent versus 1.1 percent).
(See table 4.)

Employed Gulf War-era II veteran men were nearly three times as likely to work in the public
sector in 2025 as their employed nonveteran counterparts--27.3 percent versus 10.0 percent.
Employed female Gulf War-era II veterans were about twice as likely to work in the public
sector than nonveteran women--33.4 percent versus 16.2 percent. Overall, 16.2 percent of
employed Gulf War-era II veterans worked for the federal government, compared with 2.1 percent
of nonveterans. (See table 5.) 

In August 2025, 39 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq, Afghanistan,
or both locations. The unemployment rate for these veterans, at 3.4 percent, changed little
over the year. The rate for Gulf War-era II veterans who served elsewhere (2.3 percent in
August 2025) also changed little over the year. (See table 10.)

Veterans with a Service-connected Disability

In August 2025, 5.8 million veterans, or 34 percent of all veterans, had a service-connected
disability. Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating by
the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of Defense. Ratings range from
0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of the
condition. (See table 7.) 

Over the year, the unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability
decreased by 1.7 percentage points to 2.4 percent in August 2025. The rate for veterans with
no service-connected disability was little changed at 3.7 percent. The unemployment rates for
both male veterans with a service-connected disability (2.1 percent) and female veterans with
a service-connected disability (3.8 percent) showed little change over the year.

Among veterans with a service-connected disability in August 2025, 17 percent had a disability
rating of less than 30 percent, while 59 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. The
unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 percent was 1.6
percent, little different than the rate for those with a disability rating of 60 percent or
higher, at 3.0 percent.

In August 2025, 50 percent (2.8 million) of veterans who served during Gulf War-era II
reported a service-connected disability. The labor force participation rate of Gulf War-era II
veterans with a service-connected disability (71.3 percent) was lower than the rate for their
counterparts with no service-connected disability (84.5 percent). Among Gulf War-era II
veterans, the unemployment rate for those with a service-connected disability (2.3 percent)
was not statistically different than the rate for those with no disability (3.2 percent). 

Among Gulf War-era II veterans with a service-connected disability, 70 percent reported a
disability rating of 60 percent or higher in August 2025. Gulf War-era II veterans who
reported a disability rating of less than 30 percent were more likely to be in the labor force
than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (85.1 percent compared with 64.7 percent). 

Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability work in the
public sector. In August 2025, 38.7 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected
disability worked in federal, state, or local government, compared with 20.2 percent of
veterans with no disability and 13.0 percent of nonveterans. Nearly one-fourth (23.2 percent) 
of employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked for the federal government,
compared with 8.6 percent of veterans with no service-connected disability and 2.1 percent of
nonveterans. (See table 8.)

Reserve and National Guard Membership

In August 2025, over one-third (2.0 million) of Gulf War-era II veterans were current or past
members of the Reserve or National Guard. The labor force participation rate for veterans of
this period who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard (77.0 percent)
was not statistically different than the rate for veterans who had never been members (78.5
percent). Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rates for those who were current or
past members of the Reserve or National Guard (1.8 percent) and for those who had never been
members (3.1 percent) were not statistically different from each other and were little changed
from a year earlier. (See table 9.)

Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, 2024-2025 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status and period of service	2024			2025
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
TOTAL VETERANS
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,569	15,519	2,050	17,260	15,184	2,077
Civilian labor force	8,440	7,266	1,174	8,336	7,133	1,202
Participation rate	48.0	46.8	57.3	48.3	47.0	57.9
Employed	8,190	7,058	1,133	8,042	6,895	1,147
Employment-population ratio	46.6	45.5	55.3	46.6	45.4	55.2
Unemployed	250	208	42	294	238	56
Unemployment rate	3.0	2.9	3.5	3.5	3.3	4.6
Not in labor force	9,129	8,253	876	8,925	8,050	874
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,293	4,337	956	5,610	4,599	1,012
Civilian labor force	4,200	3,507	693	4,381	3,646	735
Participation rate	79.3	80.9	72.5	78.1	79.3	72.6
Employed	4,064	3,397	668	4,221	3,522	699
Employment-population ratio	76.8	78.3	69.8	75.2	76.6	69.1
Unemployed	136	110	26	159	124	35
Unemployment rate	3.2	3.1	3.7	3.6	3.4	4.8
Not in labor force	1,093	830	263	1,230	953	277
NONVETERANS
Civilian noninstitutional population	241,698	110,721	130,977	246,936	113,495	133,442
Civilian labor force	157,250	80,544	76,706	160,131	82,244	77,887
Participation rate	65.1	72.7	58.6	64.8	72.5	58.4
Employed	151,053	77,258	73,796	153,469	78,716	74,753
Employment-population ratio	62.5	69.8	56.3	62.1	69.4	56.0
Unemployed	6,196	3,286	2,910	6,662	3,529	3,134
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.1	3.8	4.2	4.3	4.0
Not in labor force	84,449	30,177	54,271	86,805	31,250	55,555
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Effective with data for January 2023, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from an updated Department of Veterans Affairs population model. Annual estimates for 2025 are 11-month averages that exclude October. (Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.) As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with annual averages for other years.

Technical Note 
   
The data in this news release were collected through the Current Population Survey (CPS).
The CPS--a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census
Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics--obtains information on employment and unemployment
among the nation's civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over.

Most of the data in this news release are annual averages, compiled from the results of the
monthly survey. In August, a supplement to the CPS collected additional information about veterans
on topics such as service-connected disability, veterans' Reserve or National Guard status, and
veterans who served in Iraq and/or Afghanistan. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S.
Department of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and
Training Service. Questions were asked of people 17 years of age and older regarding their prior
service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data are tabulated for people 18 years of age and older.

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access
telecommunications relay services.
   
Definitions

The definitions underlying the data in this news release are as follows:

Veterans are men and women who previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who
were civilians at the time they were surveyed. Members of the Reserve and National Guard are
counted as veterans if they had ever been called to active duty. People who are on active duty at
the time of the survey are outside the scope of the survey and thus not in the estimates shown
here, as are people who reside in institutions, such as nursing homes and prisons.

World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf War-era veterans are men and women who served in
the U.S. Armed Forces during these periods of service, regardless of where in the world they served.
Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.

Veterans of other service periods are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time
other than World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or the Gulf War era. Although U.S. Armed 
Forces were engaged in several armed conflicts during other service periods, these conflicts were
more limited in scope and included a smaller proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime
periods. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and during another period are
classified in the wartime period.

Nonveterans are men and women who never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Veteran status is obtained from responses to the question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces?"

Period of service identifies when a veteran served in the Armed Forces, but not the location of their
service. It is obtained from answers to the question asked of veterans, "When did you serve on active
duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?" The following service periods are identified:

Gulf War era II -- September 2001-present
Gulf War era I -- August 1990-August 2001
Vietnam era -- August 1964-April 1975
Korean War -- July 1950-January 1955
World War II -- December 1941-December 1946
Other service periods -- All other time periods

Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service. Veterans are counted
only in one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one
wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and
any other service period are classified in the wartime period. The period-of-service definitions are
modified occasionally to reflect changes in law, regulations, and program needs of the survey sponsors.

Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are individuals who served in Iraq at any time since
March 2003, in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, or in both locations. Service in Iraq or
Afghanistan is determined by answers to two questions: "Did you serve in Iraq, off the coast of Iraq, 
or did you fly missions over Iraq at any time since March 2003?" and "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or
did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time since October 2001?"

Presence of service-connected disability is determined by answers to two questions beginning in August
2021: "Have you filed a claim for or received a rating from the Department of Veterans Affairs or the
Department of Defense confirming that you have a service-connected disability; that is, a health condition
or impairment caused or made worse by military service?” and (asked of those who said yes) “Did you
receive a VA disability rating?” People who applied for and received a service-connected disability rating
are classified as having a service-connected disability. People who applied for but did not receive a
service-connected disability rating are classified as without a service-connected disability.

Service-connected disability rating is based on answers to the question, "What is your current VA 
service-connected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage
points. Ratings are determined by the VA or DoD from a rating schedule published in the Code of Federal
Regulations, Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4--"Schedule for Rating Disabilities."
The rating schedule is "primarily a guide in the evaluation of disability resulting from all types of
diseases and injuries encountered as a result of or incident to military service. The percentage ratings
represent as far as can practicably be determined the average impairment in earning capacity resulting
from such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in civil occupations." Part 4 contains a 
listing of hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of 0 through 100 percent, with instructions
for rating multiple disorders.

Reserve and National Guard membership refers only to Gulf War-era veterans who are current or past members
of the Reserve or National Guard. Members of the Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if
they had ever been called to active duty. These data do not refer to all people who may have ever served in
the Reserve or National Guard. Beginning in August 2021, Reserve or National Guard status is obtained from
answers to the question asked of veterans, “Have you ever been a member of the Reserve or National Guard?” 

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather 
than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates will differ from 
the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample
will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error.
BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 
including the failure to sample a segment of the population, the inability to obtain information for
all respondents in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 
information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.

Information about the reliability of national data from the CPS and instructions on how to generate
standard errors are available at www.bls.gov/cps/methods/reliability-of-CPS-estimates.htm.

For a discussion of the reliability of state estimates from the CPS, such as those in tables 6A and
6B of this news release, see www.bls.gov/opub/geographic-profile/home.htm.

Comparability of the estimates

Effective with data for January 2025, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived
from a new Department of Veterans Affairs Veteran Population Projection Model (VetPop2023). In
accordance with usual practice, BLS did not revise estimates for previous years. Information about
the Veteran Population Projection Model is available from the Department of Veterans Affairs at
www.data.va.gov/dataset/VetPop2023-A-Brief-Description/rwgn-ekjg/about_data.

Table 1. Employment status of people 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2025 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL
Total, 18 years and over	264,197	168,467	63.8	161,510	61.1	6,956	4.1	95,730
Veterans	17,260	8,336	48.3	8,042	46.6	294	3.5	8,925
Gulf War era, total	8,869	6,524	73.6	6,296	71.0	228	3.5	2,346
Gulf War era II	5,610	4,381	78.1	4,221	75.2	159	3.6	1,230
Gulf War era I	3,259	2,143	65.8	2,074	63.7	69	3.2	1,116
Vietnam era and earlier wartime periods	4,878	571	11.7	544	11.2	26	4.6	4,308
Other service periods	3,512	1,241	35.3	1,202	34.2	39	3.2	2,271
Nonveterans	246,936	160,131	64.8	153,469	62.1	6,662	4.2	86,805
Men
Total, 18 years and over	128,678	89,378	69.5	85,611	66.5	3,767	4.2	39,301
Veterans	15,184	7,133	47.0	6,895	45.4	238	3.3	8,050
Gulf War era, total	7,367	5,489	74.5	5,309	72.1	180	3.3	1,878
Gulf War era II	4,599	3,646	79.3	3,522	76.6	124	3.4	953
Gulf War era I	2,768	1,843	66.6	1,787	64.5	56	3.1	925
Vietnam era and earlier wartime periods	4,692	548	11.7	522	11.1	26	4.8	4,144
Other service periods	3,124	1,096	35.1	1,065	34.1	32	2.9	2,028
Nonveterans	113,495	82,244	72.5	78,716	69.4	3,529	4.3	31,250
Women
Total, 18 years and over	135,518	79,089	58.4	75,900	56.0	3,189	4.0	56,429
Veterans	2,077	1,202	57.9	1,147	55.2	56	4.6	874
Gulf War era, total	1,502	1,035	68.9	987	65.7	48	4.6	468
Gulf War era II	1,012	735	72.6	699	69.1	35	4.8	277
Gulf War era I	491	300	61.2	288	58.6	12	4.1	191
Vietnam era and earlier wartime periods	186	22	12.1	22	11.9	0	-	163
Other service periods	388	145	37.3	138	35.4	7	5.1	243
Nonveterans	133,442	77,887	58.4	74,753	56.0	3,134	4.0	55,555
White
Total, 18 years and over	200,764	126,796	63.2	122,210	60.9	4,587	3.6	73,968
Veterans	13,897	6,431	46.3	6,220	44.8	211	3.3	7,467
Gulf War era, total	6,644	4,938	74.3	4,781	72.0	157	3.2	1,707
Gulf War era II	4,099	3,228	78.7	3,125	76.2	103	3.2	872
Gulf War era I	2,545	1,710	67.2	1,657	65.1	53	3.1	835
Vietnam era and earlier wartime periods	4,347	507	11.7	484	11.1	23	4.5	3,840
Other service periods	2,907	986	33.9	954	32.8	32	3.2	1,920
Nonveterans	186,866	120,365	64.4	115,990	62.1	4,375	3.6	66,501
Black or African American
Total, 18 years and over	34,421	22,127	64.3	20,642	60.0	1,485	6.7	12,293
Veterans	2,307	1,275	55.3	1,211	52.5	64	5.0	1,032
Gulf War era, total	1,509	1,043	69.1	988	65.4	55	5.3	466
Gulf War era II	972	726	74.7	682	70.1	44	6.1	246
Gulf War era I	537	317	59.0	306	56.9	11	3.5	220
Vietnam era and earlier wartime periods	353	41	11.7	39	11.0	3	6.5	312
Other service periods	444	190	42.9	184	41.5	6	3.3	254
Nonveterans	32,113	20,852	64.9	19,431	60.5	1,421	6.8	11,261
Asian
Total, 18 years and over	18,734	12,550	67.0	12,103	64.6	447	3.6	6,184
Veterans	318	191	60.0	186	58.4	5	2.7	127
Gulf War era, total	214	159	74.5	154	72.1	5	3.2	55
Gulf War era II	169	127	75.1	122	72.4	5	3.6	42
Gulf War era I	45	32	72.1	32	71.1	0	-	13
Vietnam era and earlier wartime periods	54	10	18.5	10	18.5	0	-	44
Other service periods	50	22	43.5	22	43.3	0	-	28
Nonveterans	18,416	12,359	67.1	11,918	64.7	441	3.6	6,057
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 18 years and over	48,876	34,023	69.6	32,334	66.2	1,689	5.0	14,853
Veterans	1,552	938	60.4	901	58.0	37	4.0	614
Gulf War era, total	1,092	811	74.3	780	71.4	31	3.9	280
Gulf War era II	779	595	76.3	567	72.8	28	4.6	185
Gulf War era I	312	216	69.3	213	68.1	4	1.7	96
Vietnam era and earlier wartime periods	258	38	14.9	35	13.6	3	8.6	219
Other service periods	203	88	43.4	86	42.2	2	2.7	115
Nonveterans	47,324	33,085	69.9	31,433	66.4	1,652	5.0	14,239
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000). Annual estimates for 2025 are 11-month averages that exclude October. (Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.) As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with annual averages for other years.

Table 2A. Employment status of people 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2025 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	17,260	8,336	48.3	8,042	46.6	294	3.5	8,925
18 to 24 years	201	151	75.4	138	68.6	14	9.0	49
25 to 34 years	1,418	1,159	81.7	1,101	77.6	58	5.0	260
35 to 44 years	2,165	1,828	84.4	1,768	81.7	60	3.3	337
45 to 54 years	2,338	1,890	80.8	1,830	78.3	60	3.2	448
55 to 64 years	3,289	2,142	65.1	2,085	63.4	57	2.6	1,147
65 years and over	7,849	1,165	14.8	1,120	14.3	45	3.9	6,683
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over	8,869	6,524	73.6	6,296	71.0	228	3.5	2,346
18 to 24 years	201	151	75.4	138	68.6	14	9.0	49
25 to 34 years	1,418	1,159	81.7	1,101	77.6	58	5.0	260
35 to 44 years	2,165	1,828	84.4	1,768	81.7	60	3.3	337
45 to 54 years	2,302	1,862	80.9	1,802	78.3	60	3.2	440
55 to 64 years	1,948	1,325	68.0	1,295	66.5	31	2.3	623
65 years and over	835	198	23.8	193	23.1	6	2.9	637
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over	5,610	4,381	78.1	4,221	75.2	159	3.6	1,230
18 to 24 years	201	151	75.4	138	68.6	14	9.0	49
25 to 34 years	1,418	1,159	81.7	1,101	77.6	58	5.0	260
35 to 44 years	2,040	1,723	84.5	1,666	81.6	57	3.3	317
45 to 54 years	1,028	830	80.7	814	79.1	16	1.9	198
55 to 64 years	669	445	66.5	431	64.4	14	3.2	224
65 years and over	254	73	28.7	73	28.7	0	-	181
Gulf War era I
Total, 35 years and over	3,259	2,143	65.8	2,074	63.7	69	3.2	1,116
35 to 44 years	125	105	84.1	102	81.8	3	2.8	20
45 to 54 years	1,274	1,032	81.1	989	77.6	44	4.2	241
55 to 64 years	1,279	880	68.8	864	67.5	16	1.8	399
65 years and over	581	125	21.6	120	20.6	6	4.5	456
Vietnam era and earlier wartime periods
Total, 65 years and over	4,878	571	11.7	544	11.2	26	4.6	4,308
Other service periods
Total, 45 years and over	3,512	1,241	35.3	1,202	34.2	39	3.2	2,271
45 to 54 years	37	28	76.7	28	76.0	0	-	9
55 to 64 years	1,341	817	60.9	791	59.0	26	3.2	524
65 years and over	2,135	396	18.6	384	18.0	13	3.2	1,739
TOTAL NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	246,936	160,131	64.8	153,469	62.1	6,662	4.2	86,805
18 to 24 years	30,109	19,613	65.1	17,778	59.0	1,835	9.4	10,496
25 to 34 years	43,937	36,762	83.7	35,175	80.1	1,587	4.3	7,175
35 to 44 years	43,206	36,484	84.4	35,268	81.6	1,215	3.3	6,722
45 to 54 years	38,018	31,413	82.6	30,474	80.2	939	3.0	6,605
55 to 64 years	37,849	25,261	66.7	24,520	64.8	741	2.9	12,588
65 years and over	53,818	10,599	19.7	10,254	19.1	346	3.3	43,219
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000). Annual estimates for 2025 are 11-month averages that exclude October. (Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.) As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with annual averages for other years.

Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2025 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS, MEN
Total, 18 years and over	15,184	7,133	47.0	6,895	45.4	238	3.3	8,050
18 to 24 years	146	115	78.2	104	71.0	11	9.2	32
25 to 34 years	1,160	984	84.8	940	81.0	44	4.5	176
35 to 44 years	1,755	1,496	85.3	1,448	82.5	49	3.2	258
45 to 54 years	1,919	1,572	81.9	1,526	79.5	46	2.9	347
55 to 64 years	2,841	1,888	66.5	1,841	64.8	47	2.5	953
65 years and over	7,362	1,078	14.6	1,036	14.1	43	3.9	6,284
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over	7,367	5,489	74.5	5,309	72.1	180	3.3	1,878
18 to 24 years	146	115	78.2	104	71.0	11	9.2	32
25 to 34 years	1,160	984	84.8	940	81.0	44	4.5	176
35 to 44 years	1,755	1,496	85.3	1,448	82.5	49	3.2	258
45 to 54 years	1,892	1,550	81.9	1,505	79.5	45	2.9	342
55 to 64 years	1,682	1,172	69.7	1,146	68.1	26	2.2	510
65 years and over	731	171	23.4	165	22.6	6	3.4	560
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over	4,599	3,646	79.3	3,522	76.6	124	3.4	953
18 to 24 years	146	115	78.2	104	71.0	11	9.2	32
25 to 34 years	1,160	984	84.8	940	81.0	44	4.5	176
35 to 44 years	1,644	1,404	85.4	1,358	82.6	47	3.3	240
45 to 54 years	851	684	80.4	674	79.2	10	1.5	167
55 to 64 years	577	393	68.1	381	66.0	12	3.1	184
65 years and over	220	66	29.9	66	29.9	0	0.2	154
Gulf War era I
Total, 35 years and over	2,768	1,843	66.6	1,787	64.5	56	3.1	925
35 to 44 years	111	92	83.3	90	81.6	2	2.0	19
45 to 54 years	1,041	866	83.2	831	79.8	35	4.0	175
55 to 64 years	1,105	779	70.5	765	69.3	14	1.8	326
65 years and over	511	105	20.6	100	19.5	6	5.4	406
Vietnam era and earlier wartime periods
Total, 65 years and over	4,692	548	11.7	522	11.1	26	4.8	4,144
Other service periods
Total, 45 years and over	3,124	1,096	35.1	1,065	34.1	32	2.9	2,028
45 to 54 years	27	21	-	21	-	0	-	5
55 to 64 years	1,159	716	61.8	695	60.0	21	2.9	443
65 years and over	1,938	359	18.5	348	18.0	11	3.0	1,579
NONVETERANS, MEN
Total, 18 years and over	113,495	82,244	72.5	78,716	69.4	3,529	4.3	31,250
18 to 24 years	15,132	10,048	66.4	9,013	59.6	1,035	10.3	5,084
25 to 34 years	21,433	19,212	89.6	18,364	85.7	848	4.4	2,221
35 to 44 years	20,849	19,012	91.2	18,412	88.3	600	3.2	1,837
45 to 54 years	18,027	15,954	88.5	15,468	85.8	486	3.0	2,073
55 to 64 years	17,268	12,599	73.0	12,215	70.7	384	3.0	4,670
65 years and over	20,785	5,419	26.1	5,245	25.2	175	3.2	15,366
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000). Annual estimates for 2025 are 11-month averages that exclude October. (Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.) As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with annual averages for other years.

Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2025 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS, WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over	2,077	1,202	57.9	1,147	55.2	56	4.6	874
18 to 24 years	54	37	67.7	34	62.1	3	8.2	18
25 to 34 years	258	175	67.7	161	62.2	14	8.1	83
35 to 44 years	410	332	80.9	320	78.0	12	3.5	79
45 to 54 years	420	319	75.9	304	72.5	15	4.6	101
55 to 64 years	448	253	56.6	244	54.5	10	3.8	194
65 years and over	487	87	17.9	85	17.4	3	2.9	400
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over	1,502	1,035	68.9	987	65.7	48	4.6	468
18 to 24 years	54	37	67.7	34	62.1	3	8.2	18
25 to 34 years	258	175	67.7	161	62.2	14	8.1	83
35 to 44 years	410	332	80.9	320	78.0	12	3.5	79
45 to 54 years	410	312	76.1	297	72.5	15	4.7	98
55 to 64 years	266	153	57.4	148	55.8	4	2.9	113
65 years and over	104	27	26.1	27	26.1	0	-	77
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over	1,012	735	72.6	699	69.1	35	4.8	277
18 to 24 years	54	37	67.7	34	62.1	3	8.2	18
25 to 34 years	258	175	67.7	161	62.2	14	8.1	83
35 to 44 years	396	319	80.5	308	77.8	11	3.3	77
45 to 54 years	177	146	82.1	140	78.8	6	4.0	32
55 to 64 years	92	52	56.3	50	54.2	2	3.7	40
65 years and over	34	7	-	7	-	0	-	27
Gulf War era I
Total, 35 years and over	491	300	61.2	288	58.6	12	4.1	191
35 to 44 years	14	13	-	12	-	1	-	1
45 to 54 years	232	166	71.5	157	67.7	9	5.3	66
55 to 64 years	175	101	58.0	99	56.6	2	2.4	73
65 years and over	70	20	28.6	20	28.6	0	-	50
Vietnam era and earlier wartime periods
Total, 65 years and over	186	22	12.1	22	11.9	0	-	163
Other service periods
Total, 45 years and over	388	145	37.3	138	35.4	7	5.1	243
45 to 54 years	10	7	-	7	-	0	-	3
55 to 64 years	181	101	55.5	95	52.6	5	5.3	81
65 years and over	197	37	19.0	35	17.9	2	5.7	160
NONVETERANS, WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over	133,442	77,887	58.4	74,753	56.0	3,134	4.0	55,555
18 to 24 years	14,977	9,564	63.9	8,765	58.5	799	8.4	5,412
25 to 34 years	22,504	17,550	78.0	16,811	74.7	739	4.2	4,954
35 to 44 years	22,357	17,471	78.1	16,857	75.4	615	3.5	4,886
45 to 54 years	19,991	15,459	77.3	15,006	75.1	453	2.9	4,532
55 to 64 years	20,580	12,662	61.5	12,305	59.8	357	2.8	7,919
65 years and over	33,033	5,180	15.7	5,009	15.2	171	3.3	27,853
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000). Annual estimates for 2025 are 11-month averages that exclude October. (Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.) As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with annual averages for other years.

Table 3. Employment status of people 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational attainment, 2025 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service, and educational attainment	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS
Total, 25 years and over	17,060	8,184	48.0	7,904	46.3	280	3.4	8,875
Less than a high school diploma	412	98	23.8	92	22.4	6	5.7	314
High school graduates, no college	4,607	1,901	41.3	1,840	39.9	61	3.2	2,706
Some college or associate degree	5,903	2,837	48.1	2,715	46.0	122	4.3	3,066
Bachelor's degree and higher	6,138	3,349	54.6	3,257	53.1	92	2.7	2,789
Gulf War era, total
Total, 25 years and over	8,669	6,373	73.5	6,158	71.0	214	3.4	2,296
Less than a high school diploma	77	52	67.7	51	65.8	1	2.8	25
High school graduates, no college	1,936	1,396	72.1	1,352	69.8	44	3.1	541
Some college or associate degree	3,105	2,178	70.1	2,083	67.1	95	4.4	927
Bachelor's degree and higher	3,551	2,747	77.4	2,673	75.3	74	2.7	804
Gulf War era II
Total, 25 years and over	5,410	4,229	78.2	4,084	75.5	146	3.4	1,180
Less than a high school diploma	40	25	63.3	24	59.9	1	-	15
High school graduates, no college	1,180	916	77.7	882	74.7	34	3.7	264
Some college or associate degree	1,955	1,457	74.5	1,386	70.9	71	4.9	498
Bachelor's degree and higher	2,235	1,830	81.9	1,791	80.2	39	2.1	404
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over	3,259	2,143	65.8	2,074	63.7	69	3.2	1,116
Less than a high school diploma	37	27	72.5	27	72.2	0	-	10
High school graduates, no college	756	479	63.4	470	62.2	9	2.0	277
Some college or associate degree	1,150	721	62.7	697	60.6	24	3.3	429
Bachelor's degree and higher	1,316	916	69.6	881	66.9	35	3.9	400
Vietnam era and earlier wartime periods
Total, 25 years and over	4,878	571	11.7	544	11.2	26	4.6	4,308
Less than a high school diploma	198	15	7.6	12	6.2	3	-	183
High school graduates, no college	1,432	128	9.0	121	8.5	7	5.4	1,304
Some college or associate degree	1,605	182	11.3	171	10.7	11	5.9	1,423
Bachelor's degree and higher	1,644	245	14.9	239	14.5	6	2.5	1,398
Other service periods
Total, 25 years and over	3,512	1,241	35.3	1,202	34.2	39	3.2	2,271
Less than a high school diploma	137	31	22.4	29	21.3	1	-	106
High school graduates, no college	1,239	377	30.4	366	29.6	10	2.7	862
Some college or associate degree	1,194	477	40.0	462	38.7	16	3.3	716
Bachelor's degree and higher	943	357	37.8	345	36.6	12	3.2	587
NONVETERANS
Total, 25 years and over	216,827	140,518	64.8	135,690	62.6	4,828	3.4	76,309
Less than a high school diploma	18,502	8,842	47.8	8,304	44.9	538	6.1	9,661
High school graduates, no college	59,455	34,542	58.1	33,053	55.6	1,489	4.3	24,912
Some college or associate degree	52,070	33,516	64.4	32,391	62.2	1,125	3.4	18,554
Bachelor's degree and higher	86,801	63,618	73.3	61,942	71.4	1,676	2.6	23,183
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000). Annual estimates for 2025 are 11-month averages that exclude October. (Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.) As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with annual averages for other years.

Table 4. Employed people 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2025 annual averages [Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex	Veterans						Non- veterans
	Total	Gulf War era			Vietnam era and earlier wartime periods	Other service periods
		Total	Gulf War era II	Gulf War era I
TOTAL
Total employed (in thousands)	8,042	6,296	4,221	2,074	544	1,202	153,469
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	44.7	45.7	44.7	47.9	43.9	39.4	44.1
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	22.3	22.3	21.6	23.9	25.1	20.9	19.0
Professional and related occupations	22.4	23.4	23.1	24.0	18.8	18.5	25.0
Service occupations	13.5	13.8	15.4	10.6	10.1	13.4	16.4
Sales and office occupations	13.8	13.1	12.5	14.2	18.8	15.5	18.8
Sales and related occupations	6.5	5.5	5.3	6.1	13.5	8.1	8.6
Office and administrative support occupations	7.3	7.5	7.2	8.2	5.3	7.4	10.2
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	12.5	12.5	13.2	11.2	10.5	13.3	8.8
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.3	1.6	0.4	0.6
Construction and extraction occupations	5.2	5.1	5.5	4.2	4.5	6.5	5.2
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	6.8	7.1	7.3	6.7	4.4	6.5	2.9
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	15.5	14.9	14.3	16.1	16.7	18.4	11.9
Production occupations	5.8	5.8	5.7	6.0	3.4	7.2	4.8
Transportation and material moving occupations	9.7	9.1	8.6	10.1	13.3	11.2	7.1
MEN
Total employed (in thousands)	6,895	5,309	3,522	1,787	522	1,065	78,716
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	42.4	43.1	41.8	45.8	44.3	38.1	39.5
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	22.3	22.3	21.2	24.4	25.9	20.5	19.5
Professional and related occupations	20.2	20.8	20.5	21.4	18.5	17.6	20.0
Service occupations	13.6	14.1	15.5	11.2	9.7	12.9	12.9
Sales and office occupations	12.6	11.7	11.0	13.1	17.9	14.3	14.2
Sales and related occupations	6.6	5.7	5.4	6.4	13.2	7.6	8.7
Office and administrative support occupations	6.0	6.0	5.7	6.7	4.7	6.7	5.6
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14.3	14.5	15.4	12.7	10.9	14.9	16.0
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.2	1.6	0.4	0.8
Construction and extraction occupations	6.0	5.8	6.4	4.8	4.7	7.3	9.7
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	7.8	8.3	8.6	7.7	4.6	7.1	5.4
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	17.1	16.6	16.3	17.1	17.1	19.8	17.3
Production occupations	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.5	3.6	7.7	6.6
Transportation and material moving occupations	10.7	10.2	9.9	10.7	13.6	12.2	10.7
WOMEN
Total employed (in thousands)	1,147	987	699	288	22	138	74,753
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	57.9	59.6	59.1	60.9	-	49.7	48.8
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	22.3	22.4	23.1	20.6	-	24.4	18.6
Professional and related occupations	35.6	37.2	36.0	40.3	-	25.3	30.3
Service occupations	13.0	12.3	14.8	6.4	-	16.9	20.1
Sales and office occupations	21.1	20.1	19.7	21.2	-	25.1	23.7
Sales and related occupations	5.8	4.6	4.9	3.7	-	12.2	8.5
Office and administrative support occupations	15.3	15.6	14.8	17.5	-	12.9	15.2
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	2.0	2.1	2.3	1.8	-	1.3	1.1
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	0.3	0.3	0.0	1.1	-	0.0	0.3
Construction and extraction occupations	0.8	0.9	1.1	0.5	-	0.0	0.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.2	-	1.3	0.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	6.0	5.8	4.2	9.7	-	7.1	6.2
Production occupations	2.4	2.3	2.0	3.3	-	3.6	2.9
Transportation and material moving occupations	3.5	3.4	2.2	6.4	-	3.6	3.3
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000). Annual estimates for 2025 are 11-month averages that exclude October. (Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.) As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with annual averages for other years.

Table 5. Employed people 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2025 annual averages [Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex	Veterans						Non- veterans
	Total	Gulf War era			Vietnam era and earlier wartime periods	Other service periods
		Total	Gulf War era II	Gulf War era I
TOTAL
Total employed (in thousands)(1)	8,042	6,296	4,221	2,074	544	1,202	153,469
As a percent of total employed
Total employed(1)	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Agriculture and related industries	1.6	1.0	1.0	1.0	7.7	1.7	1.3
Wage and salary workers(2)	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.5	2.0	0.6	0.9
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	0.8	0.3	0.2	0.5	5.7	1.2	0.4
Nonagricultural industries	98.4	99.0	99.0	99.0	92.3	98.3	98.7
Wage and salary workers(2)	93.5	95.1	95.4	94.6	77.4	91.8	93.0
Private industries	69.1	68.2	67.1	70.4	65.3	75.4	79.9
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.3
Construction	6.6	6.6	7.0	5.9	5.3	6.8	6.2
Manufacturing	12.0	12.1	11.7	13.0	6.1	14.0	9.0
Wholesale trade	2.2	2.2	1.9	2.8	2.9	1.8	1.8
Retail trade	6.7	5.7	5.7	5.8	12.9	9.0	9.8
Transportation and utilities	8.0	7.9	7.6	8.4	6.0	9.5	4.9
Information	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.9	0.9	1.3	1.5
Financial activities	4.7	4.6	4.5	4.8	5.6	4.6	6.4
Professional and business services	11.7	11.8	11.9	11.5	11.8	11.3	11.9
Education and health services	9.2	9.6	9.4	10.0	5.4	8.5	16.6
Leisure and hospitality	3.4	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.8	4.4	7.5
Other services	2.8	2.5	2.4	2.7	4.2	3.6	4.1
Government	24.4	27.0	28.3	24.2	12.1	16.5	13.0
Federal	12.7	14.8	16.2	12.0	4.0	5.1	2.1
State	4.7	5.0	5.0	4.9	2.5	4.4	4.8
Local	7.0	7.2	7.1	7.3	5.5	6.9	6.2
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	5.0	3.8	3.6	4.4	14.9	6.4	5.7
MEN
Total employed (in thousands)(1)	6,895	5,309	3,522	1,787	522	1,065	78,716
As a percent of total employed
Total employed(1)	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Agriculture and related industries	1.6	1.0	1.0	0.9	7.9	1.8	1.8
Wage and salary workers(2)	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.6	2.1	0.7	1.3
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	0.8	0.3	0.2	0.4	5.8	1.2	0.5
Nonagricultural industries	98.4	99.0	99.0	99.1	92.1	98.2	98.2
Wage and salary workers(2)	93.3	95.2	95.5	94.7	77.1	91.6	91.9
Private industries	70.1	69.4	68.2	71.8	65.2	76.0	81.9
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.5
Construction	7.3	7.4	7.9	6.6	5.5	7.6	10.7
Manufacturing	13.1	13.4	13.1	14.0	6.4	14.9	12.1
Wholesale trade	2.3	2.4	2.1	2.9	2.6	1.8	2.3
Retail trade	6.8	5.8	5.8	5.7	12.6	9.1	10.2
Transportation and utilities	8.8	8.8	8.6	9.1	6.0	10.4	7.0
Information	1.6	1.7	1.6	2.0	0.8	1.4	1.8
Financial activities	4.5	4.4	4.2	4.8	5.8	4.4	6.0
Professional and business services	12.0	12.1	12.0	12.2	12.2	11.7	13.1
Education and health services	7.0	7.3	7.0	8.0	5.0	6.3	7.6
Leisure and hospitality	3.3	3.1	2.9	3.4	3.9	4.0	6.8
Other services	2.9	2.6	2.6	2.6	4.0	3.9	3.8
Government	23.2	25.9	27.3	22.9	11.9	15.7	10.0
Federal	11.8	14.0	15.6	11.0	3.7	4.9	2.0
State	4.2	4.5	4.5	4.5	2.6	3.7	3.4
Local	7.2	7.3	7.3	7.4	5.6	7.1	4.6
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	5.0	3.8	3.5	4.4	15.0	6.6	6.3
WOMEN
Total employed (in thousands)(1)	1,147	987	699	288	22	138	74,753
As a percent of total employed
Total employed(1)	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Agriculture and related industries	1.1	1.1	0.8	1.6	-	1.2	0.8
Wage and salary workers(2)	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.0	-	0.1	0.6
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	0.7	0.6	0.2	1.6	-	1.1	0.2
Nonagricultural industries	98.9	98.9	99.2	98.4	-	98.8	99.2
Wage and salary workers(2)	94.3	94.7	95.0	93.9	-	93.3	94.1
Private industries	62.9	61.7	61.6	61.9	-	70.6	77.9
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.6	-	1.2	0.1
Construction	2.0	2.2	2.4	1.7	-	0.7	1.6
Manufacturing	5.2	5.1	4.6	6.2	-	7.1	5.6
Wholesale trade	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.7	-	1.6	1.2
Retail trade	5.9	5.2	4.8	6.1	-	8.7	9.3
Transportation and utilities	3.1	3.1	2.7	4.2	-	2.5	2.6
Information	0.7	0.7	0.5	1.1	-	0.7	1.2
Financial activities	5.6	5.6	5.9	5.0	-	6.1	6.9
Professional and business services	9.9	10.5	11.6	7.7	-	7.6	10.7
Education and health services	22.2	21.9	21.7	22.5	-	25.5	26.1
Leisure and hospitality	4.4	4.0	4.7	2.4	-	7.7	8.2
Other services	2.0	1.9	1.4	2.9	-	1.2	4.4
Government	31.4	33.0	33.4	32.0	-	22.7	16.2
Federal	17.6	19.2	19.6	18.1	-	7.1	2.1
State	7.7	7.6	7.7	7.3	-	9.8	6.3
Local	6.1	6.2	6.0	6.6	-	5.8	7.9
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	4.6	4.3	4.2	4.5	-	5.5	5.0
Footnotes (1) Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately. (2) Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000). Effective with January 2025 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2022 Census industry classification system, derived from the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2025 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Annual estimates for 2025 are 11-month averages that exclude October. (Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.) As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with annual averages for other years.

Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2025 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

State	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	17,260	8,336	48.3	8,042	46.6	294	3.5	8,925
Alabama	326	146	44.9	144	44.0	3	2.0	180
Alaska	65	38	58.7	37	56.7	1	3.5	27
Arizona	513	219	42.7	208	40.6	11	4.9	294
Arkansas	203	95	46.6	92	45.4	2	2.5	108
California	1,274	557	43.7	532	41.7	26	4.7	717
Colorado	320	173	54.1	168	52.4	5	3.1	147
Connecticut	149	66	44.1	64	43.2	-	-	83
Delaware	64	24	38.3	23	36.7	-	-	39
District of Columbia	23	13	57.7	13	55.7	-	-	10
Florida	1,486	690	46.4	671	45.1	19	2.8	796
Georgia	633	329	52.0	322	50.9	7	2.1	304
Hawaii	96	46	47.8	44	46.3	1	3.0	50
Idaho	117	52	44.7	51	43.3	2	2.9	65
Illinois	461	204	44.3	195	42.3	9	4.5	257
Indiana	308	159	51.6	156	50.7	3	1.7	149
Iowa	163	71	43.9	69	42.7	-	-	91
Kansas	171	87	50.8	84	49.1	3	3.2	84
Kentucky	238	104	43.6	102	42.6	-	-	134
Louisiana	249	122	48.9	120	48.2	2	1.5	127
Maine	102	44	42.8	43	41.8	-	-	59
Maryland	358	189	52.7	182	50.8	7	3.6	170
Massachusetts	269	136	50.6	130	48.2	6	4.7	133
Michigan	446	164	36.9	151	33.8	14	8.2	281
Minnesota	289	143	49.3	134	46.5	-	-	147
Mississippi	169	77	45.4	75	44.3	2	2.4	92
Missouri	385	180	46.7	171	44.3	9	5.0	205
Montana	92	45	48.5	44	47.8	1	1.4	47
Nebraska	102	61	59.5	59	57.8	2	2.8	41
Nevada	192	85	44.1	81	42.1	4	4.5	108
New Hampshire	81	43	52.5	41	50.8	1	3.1	39
New Jersey	295	129	43.8	124	42.1	-	-	166
New Mexico	157	72	45.7	69	44.3	2	3.1	85
New York	603	275	45.6	269	44.7	6	2.2	328
North Carolina	628	312	49.6	300	47.7	12	3.9	317
North Dakota	44	28	62.5	27	62.1	0	0.6	17
Ohio	645	298	46.2	278	43.1	19	6.5	347
Oklahoma	247	129	52.2	124	50.1	5	3.9	118
Oregon	260	115	44.2	110	42.2	5	4.6	145
Pennsylvania	712	324	45.6	311	43.7	14	4.2	387
Rhode Island	49	22	45.1	22	44.4	-	-	27
South Carolina	376	163	43.4	158	42.0	5	3.2	213
South Dakota	56	30	52.9	29	51.8	1	2.1	27
Tennessee	498	269	54.0	259	52.0	10	3.7	229
Texas	1,607	914	56.9	886	55.1	28	3.1	693
Utah	153	87	56.8	83	54.5	4	4.0	66
Vermont	36	17	46.9	17	46.3	0	1.1	19
Virginia	646	369	57.1	357	55.3	12	3.2	277
Washington	458	223	48.6	216	47.2	6	2.8	236
West Virginia	118	49	41.9	48	40.9	1	2.2	69
Wisconsin	282	130	46.0	128	45.3	-	-	152
Wyoming	46	22	47.9	21	45.8	1	4.5	24
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Annual estimates for 2025 are 11-month averages that exclude October. (Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.) As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with annual averages for other years.

Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2025 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

State	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	246,936	160,131	64.8	153,469	62.1	6,662	4.2	86,805
Alabama	3,667	2,219	60.5	2,159	58.9	60	2.7	1,448
Alaska	478	329	68.9	313	65.4	17	5.0	149
Arizona	5,434	3,560	65.5	3,418	62.9	142	4.0	1,874
Arkansas	2,155	1,334	61.9	1,276	59.2	59	4.4	820
California	29,402	19,133	65.1	18,144	61.7	989	5.2	10,269
Colorado	4,361	3,028	69.4	2,910	66.7	118	3.9	1,333
Connecticut	2,763	1,830	66.2	1,747	63.2	83	4.5	933
Delaware	774	488	63.0	461	59.5	27	5.5	287
District of Columbia	549	408	74.3	383	69.8	25	6.1	141
Florida	17,303	10,383	60.0	9,992	57.7	390	3.8	6,921
Georgia	7,923	5,012	63.3	4,852	61.2	160	3.2	2,911
Hawaii	998	637	63.8	621	62.3	16	2.5	361
Idaho	1,414	934	66.1	904	63.9	30	3.2	480
Illinois	9,415	6,216	66.0	5,946	63.2	271	4.4	3,198
Indiana	4,953	3,274	66.1	3,163	63.9	112	3.4	1,679
Iowa	2,320	1,633	70.4	1,568	67.6	65	4.0	687
Kansas	2,077	1,448	69.7	1,398	67.3	50	3.5	629
Kentucky	3,238	1,974	61.0	1,889	58.3	85	4.3	1,264
Louisiana	3,211	1,937	60.3	1,852	57.7	84	4.3	1,274
Maine	1,036	649	62.7	629	60.8	20	3.1	386
Maryland	4,483	2,978	66.4	2,853	63.6	125	4.2	1,505
Massachusetts	5,458	3,748	68.7	3,581	65.6	166	4.4	1,711
Michigan	7,487	4,755	63.5	4,533	60.5	223	4.7	2,731
Minnesota	4,189	2,940	70.2	2,818	67.3	122	4.2	1,249
Mississippi	2,058	1,193	58.0	1,147	55.7	47	3.9	865
Missouri	4,425	2,950	66.7	2,843	64.2	107	3.6	1,475
Montana	806	525	65.2	508	63.0	18	3.4	280
Nebraska	1,400	1,023	73.0	992	70.8	31	3.0	378
Nevada	2,379	1,597	67.1	1,522	64.0	74	4.7	782
New Hampshire	1,071	712	66.5	690	64.4	22	3.1	359
New Jersey	7,089	4,664	65.8	4,438	62.6	226	4.9	2,425
New Mexico	1,504	900	59.8	863	57.3	37	4.2	604
New York	15,061	9,561	63.5	9,158	60.8	403	4.2	5,500
North Carolina	7,995	4,946	61.9	4,777	59.8	169	3.4	3,049
North Dakota	550	397	72.2	387	70.3	10	2.6	153
Ohio	8,536	5,553	65.1	5,299	62.1	255	4.6	2,982
Oklahoma	2,835	1,851	65.3	1,785	63.0	66	3.6	984
Oregon	3,145	2,063	65.6	1,954	62.1	109	5.3	1,082
Pennsylvania	9,563	6,140	64.2	5,882	61.5	258	4.2	3,423
Rhode Island	848	556	65.5	530	62.4	26	4.7	293
South Carolina	3,915	2,462	62.9	2,365	60.4	97	3.9	1,453
South Dakota	635	448	70.6	437	68.8	11	2.4	187
Tennessee	5,112	3,213	62.9	3,104	60.7	109	3.4	1,899
Texas	21,991	14,792	67.3	14,200	64.6	593	4.0	7,198
Utah	2,435	1,725	70.8	1,664	68.3	61	3.6	710
Vermont	491	321	65.5	312	63.6	9	2.8	170
Virginia	6,137	4,032	65.7	3,864	63.0	167	4.1	2,106
Washington	5,777	3,764	65.2	3,577	61.9	187	5.0	2,013
West Virginia	1,277	725	56.8	697	54.6	28	3.9	552
Wisconsin	4,403	2,907	66.0	2,810	63.8	97	3.3	1,496
Wyoming	409	261	63.8	253	61.8	8	3.2	148
NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Annual estimates for 2025 are 11-month averages that exclude October. (Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.) As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with annual averages for other years.

Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex, August 2025, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL VETERANS
Total	17,211	8,149	47.3	7,893	45.9	255	3.1	9,062
With service-connected disability	5,836	2,839	48.7	2,772	47.5	67	2.4	2,997
Less than 30 percent disability rating	981	461	47.0	454	46.3	7	1.6	519
30 to 50 percent disability rating	904	515	56.9	503	55.7	12	2.2	389
60 percent or higher disability rating	3,439	1,592	46.3	1,543	44.9	48	3.0	1,847
Disability rating not reported	512	271	53.0	271	53.0	-	-	240
Without service-connected disability	10,556	4,865	46.1	4,684	44.4	181	3.7	5,691
Presence of disability not reported	819	444	54.2	438	53.4	7	1.5	375
Gulf War era, total
Total	8,890	6,448	72.5	6,269	70.5	179	2.8	2,442
With service-connected disability	4,081	2,591	63.5	2,534	62.1	57	2.2	1,490
Less than 30 percent disability rating	492	333	67.7	331	67.4	1	0.4	159
30 to 50 percent disability rating	620	469	75.6	461	74.3	8	1.7	152
60 percent or higher disability rating	2,581	1,530	59.3	1,482	57.4	48	3.1	1,051
Disability rating not reported	388	260	67.0	260	67.0	-	-	128
Without service-connected disability	4,333	3,470	80.1	3,355	77.4	115	3.3	863
Presence of disability not reported	476	387	81.3	380	79.9	7	1.7	89
Gulf War era II
Total	5,652	4,409	78.0	4,290	75.9	119	2.7	1,243
With service-connected disability	2,831	2,018	71.3	1,972	69.6	46	2.3	813
Less than 30 percent disability rating	239	203	85.1	203	85.1	-	-	36
30 to 50 percent disability rating	376	326	86.8	326	86.8	-	-	50
60 percent or higher disability rating	1,971	1,275	64.7	1,229	62.4	46	3.6	696
Disability rating not reported	246	214	86.8	214	86.8	-	-	33
Without service-connected disability	2,457	2,077	84.5	2,010	81.8	66	3.2	381
Presence of disability not reported	363	314	86.5	307	84.7	7	2.2	49
Gulf War era I
Total	3,238	2,039	63.0	1,979	61.1	59	2.9	1,199
With service-connected disability	1,250	573	45.9	562	45.0	11	1.9	676
Less than 30 percent disability rating	253	130	51.2	128	50.7	1	1.1	123
30 to 50 percent disability rating	245	143	58.3	135	55.0	8	5.7	102
60 percent or higher disability rating	610	255	41.7	253	41.5	2	0.7	356
Disability rating not reported	142	46	32.6	46	32.6	-	-	95
Without service-connected disability	1,876	1,393	74.3	1,345	71.7	48	3.5	483
Presence of disability not reported	113	73	64.4	73	64.4	-	-	40
Vietnam era and earlier wartime periods
Total	4,831	464	9.6	421	8.7	43	9.3	4,367
With service-connected disability	1,094	71	6.5	63	5.8	8	-	1,022
Less than 30 percent disability rating	232	30	12.7	26	11.0	4	-	203
30 to 50 percent disability rating	181	19	10.4	15	8.5	3	-	162
60 percent or higher disability rating	609	19	3.1	18	3.0	1	-	590
Disability rating not reported	71	4	-	4	-	-	-	67
Without service-connected disability	3,502	371	10.6	336	9.6	35	9.4	3,131
Presence of disability not reported	235	21	9.1	21	9.1	-	-	214
Other service periods
Total	3,490	1,237	35.4	1,203	34.5	34	2.7	2,253
With service-connected disability	661	177	26.8	175	26.4	2	1.2	484
Less than 30 percent disability rating	257	99	38.6	97	37.8	2	2.1	157
30 to 50 percent disability rating	103	27	26.7	27	26.7	-	-	75
60 percent or higher disability rating	249	43	17.2	43	17.2	-	-	206
Disability rating not reported	53	8	-	8	-	-	-	46
Without service-connected disability	2,721	1,024	37.6	992	36.5	32	3.1	1,697
Presence of disability not reported	108	36	33.5	36	33.5	-	-	72
MEN VETERANS
Total	15,132	6,952	45.9	6,760	44.7	192	2.8	8,180
With service-connected disability	5,077	2,446	48.2	2,393	47.1	52	2.1	2,631
Less than 30 percent disability rating	890	404	45.4	397	44.6	7	1.8	486
30 to 50 percent disability rating	757	432	57.1	429	56.7	3	0.8	324
60 percent or higher disability rating	2,998	1,377	45.9	1,335	44.5	42	3.0	1,621
Disability rating not reported	431	232	53.8	232	53.8	-	-	199
Without service-connected disability	9,362	4,153	44.4	4,014	42.9	140	3.4	5,208
Presence of disability not reported	694	353	50.9	353	50.9	-	-	341
Gulf War era, total
Total	7,383	5,422	73.4	5,298	71.8	123	2.3	1,961
With service-connected disability	3,443	2,224	64.6	2,182	63.4	42	1.9	1,219
Less than 30 percent disability rating	435	291	67.0	290	66.7	1	0.5	144
30 to 50 percent disability rating	507	386	76.2	386	76.2	-	-	121
60 percent or higher disability rating	2,191	1,326	60.5	1,285	58.7	41	3.1	865
Disability rating not reported	310	221	71.3	221	71.3	-	-	89
Without service-connected disability	3,568	2,892	81.1	2,811	78.8	81	2.8	676
Presence of disability not reported	372	305	82.2	305	82.2	-	-	66
Gulf War era II
Total	4,659	3,679	79.0	3,587	77.0	92	2.5	980
With service-connected disability	2,386	1,726	72.4	1,687	70.7	39	2.3	659
Less than 30 percent disability rating	205	170	83.1	170	83.1	-	-	35
30 to 50 percent disability rating	305	270	88.6	270	88.6	-	-	35
60 percent or higher disability rating	1,668	1,105	66.2	1,066	63.9	39	3.5	563
Disability rating not reported	208	181	87.1	181	87.1	-	-	27
Without service-connected disability	1,977	1,698	85.9	1,645	83.2	53	3.1	279
Presence of disability not reported	296	255	86.1	255	86.1	-	-	41
Gulf War era I
Total	2,724	1,743	64.0	1,712	62.8	31	1.8	981
With service-connected disability	1,057	498	47.1	495	46.8	3	0.6	559
Less than 30 percent disability rating	230	121	52.6	120	52.0	1	1.1	109
30 to 50 percent disability rating	202	116	57.3	116	57.3	-	-	86
60 percent or higher disability rating	523	221	42.3	219	41.9	2	0.8	302
Disability rating not reported	102	40	39.2	40	39.2	-	-	62
Without service-connected disability	1,592	1,195	75.1	1,166	73.3	28	2.4	397
Presence of disability not reported	75	50	66.9	50	66.9	-	-	25
Vietnam era and earlier wartime periods
Total	4,646	446	9.6	403	8.7	43	9.7	4,200
With service-connected disability	1,064	71	6.7	63	5.9	8	-	993
Less than 30 percent disability rating	222	30	13.3	26	11.5	4	-	192
30 to 50 percent disability rating	162	19	11.5	15	9.4	3	-	144
60 percent or higher disability rating	609	19	3.1	18	3.0	1	-	590
Disability rating not reported	71	4	-	4	-	-	-	67
Without service-connected disability	3,358	358	10.7	323	9.6	35	9.8	3,000
Presence of disability not reported	224	17	7.4	17	7.4	-	-	207
Other service periods
Total	3,103	1,085	35.0	1,059	34.1	26	2.4	2,018
With service-connected disability	570	150	26.4	148	26.0	2	1.4	419
Less than 30 percent disability rating	234	83	35.7	81	34.8	2	2.5	150
30 to 50 percent disability rating	87	27	31.4	27	31.4	-	-	60
60 percent or higher disability rating	198	32	16.2	32	16.2	-	-	166
Disability rating not reported	51	8	-	8	-	-	-	43
Without service-connected disability	2,435	903	37.1	880	36.1	24	2.6	1,532
Presence of disability not reported	98	31	31.6	31	31.6	-	-	67
WOMEN VETERANS
Total	2,079	1,197	57.6	1,133	54.5	63	5.3	882
With service-connected disability	759	394	51.9	378	49.9	15	3.8	365
Less than 30 percent disability rating	90	57	63.3	57	63.3	-	-	33
30 to 50 percent disability rating	147	83	56.0	74	50.5	8	9.8	65
60 percent or higher disability rating	441	215	48.7	208	47.1	7	3.2	226
Disability rating not reported	80	39	48.6	39	48.6	-	-	41
Without service-connected disability	1,195	712	59.6	670	56.1	42	5.8	483
Presence of disability not reported	126	91	72.8	85	67.4	7	7.4	34
Gulf War era, total
Total	1,507	1,026	68.1	971	64.4	55	5.4	481
With service-connected disability	638	367	57.5	352	55.2	15	4.1	271
Without service-connected disability	765	578	75.5	544	71.1	33	5.8	187
Presence of disability not reported	104	81	78.2	75	71.7	7	8.3	23
Gulf War era II
Total	993	730	73.5	703	70.8	27	3.7	263
With service-connected disability	446	292	65.4	285	63.9	7	2.4	154
Without service-connected disability	481	379	78.9	366	76.1	14	3.6	101
Presence of disability not reported	67	59	-	52	-	7	-	8
Gulf War era I
Total	514	296	57.6	268	52.1	28	9.5	218
With service-connected disability	192	75	39.1	67	34.9	8	10.8	117
Without service-connected disability	284	198	69.8	178	62.8	20	10.1	86
Presence of disability not reported	37	22	-	22	-	-	-	15
Vietnam era and earlier wartime periods
Total	185	18	9.8	18	9.8	-	-	167
With service-connected disability	30	-	-	-	-	-	-	30
Without service-connected disability	144	13	9.3	13	9.3	-	-	131
Presence of disability not reported	11	5	-	5	-	-	-	7
Other service periods
Total	387	153	39.4	144	37.3	8	5.3	234
With service-connected disability	91	27	29.1	27	29.1	-	-	65
Without service-connected disability	286	121	42.3	113	39.4	8	6.7	165
Presence of disability not reported	10	5	-	5	-	-	-	5
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 8. Employed people 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service, and class of worker, August 2025, not seasonally adjusted

Veteran status, presence of disability, and period of service	Total Employed (thousands)	Percent distribution by class of worker
		Total	Agriculture and related industries	Nonagricultural industries
				Total	Wage and salary workers(1)				Self- employed, unincorpo- rated, and unpaid family workers
					Private sector	Government
						Total	Federal	State and local
Veterans, total(2)	7,893	100.0	1.7	98.3	67.2	26.8	13.9	12.9	4.3
With service-connected disability	2,772	100.0	1.7	98.3	55.4	38.7	23.2	15.5	4.2
Without service-connected disability	4,684	100.0	1.8	98.2	73.2	20.2	8.6	11.6	4.8
Gulf War era, total(2)	6,269	100.0	1.1	98.9	66.0	29.4	16.3	13.0	3.5
With service-connected disability	2,534	100.0	1.0	99.0	55.1	40.3	25.0	15.3	3.6
Without service-connected disability	3,355	100.0	1.1	98.9	72.8	22.2	10.3	11.9	3.9
Gulf War era II(2)	4,290	100.0	1.0	99.0	65.7	30.5	18.6	11.9	2.8
With service-connected disability	1,972	100.0	0.8	99.2	55.8	39.5	25.5	14.0	3.9
Without service-connected disability	2,010	100.0	1.2	98.8	73.0	23.6	13.1	10.6	2.1
Gulf War era I(2)	1,979	100.0	1.2	98.8	66.7	27.0	11.5	15.5	5.2
With service-connected disability	562	100.0	2.0	98.0	52.7	42.9	23.3	19.6	2.5
Without service-connected disability	1,345	100.0	1.0	99.0	72.5	20.0	6.1	13.8	6.5
Vietnam era and earlier wartime periods(2)	421	100.0	7.9	92.1	68.5	10.9	2.5	8.4	12.7
With service-connected disability	63	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Without service-connected disability	336	100.0	6.6	93.4	68.5	10.6	3.1	7.5	14.2
Other service periods(2)	1,203	100.0	3.0	97.0	72.8	18.8	5.2	13.6	5.5
With service-connected disability	175	100.0	5.6	94.4	58.2	25.6	5.5	20.2	10.6
Without service-connected disability	992	100.0	2.4	97.6	76.1	16.6	4.8	11.9	4.8
Nonveterans	153,213	100.0	1.4	98.6	79.8	13.0	2.1	10.9	5.8
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War-era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2025, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and Reserve or National Guard status	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS
Gulf War era, total
Total	8,890	6,448	72.5	6,269	70.5	179	2.8	2,442
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard	3,280	2,377	72.5	2,332	71.1	46	1.9	903
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard	5,425	3,918	72.2	3,792	69.9	126	3.2	1,507
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported	185	152	82.4	145	78.8	7	4.4	32
Gulf War era II
Total	5,652	4,409	78.0	4,290	75.9	119	2.7	1,243
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard	2,015	1,551	77.0	1,523	75.6	27	1.8	464
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard	3,496	2,744	78.5	2,659	76.0	85	3.1	752
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported	140	114	81.4	107	76.6	7	5.9	26
Gulf War era I
Total	3,238	2,039	63.0	1,979	61.1	59	2.9	1,199
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard	1,265	827	65.3	808	63.9	18	2.2	439
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard	1,929	1,174	60.9	1,133	58.7	41	3.5	755
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported	44	38	-	38	-	-	-	6
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present) and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2025, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and location	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Number	Rate
Total, Gulf War-era II veterans	5,652	4,409	78.0	4,290	75.9	119	2.7	1,243
Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both(1)	2,218	1,677	75.6	1,620	73.0	57	3.4	541
Served in Iraq(2)	1,702	1,304	76.6	1,277	75.0	27	2.1	399
Served in Afghanistan(3)	1,122	788	70.2	748	66.7	40	5.1	334
Served in both locations(4)	606	414	68.4	405	66.8	10	2.3	192
Served elsewhere	3,434	2,732	79.6	2,670	77.8	62	2.3	701
(1) Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also includes veterans who served in both countries. (2) Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan. (3) Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq. (4) Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).