Employment Situation of Veterans News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, March 20, 2025              	           USDL-25-0377

Technical information:  (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps  
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                        EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS -- 2024
                        
                        
The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces 
at any time since September 2001--a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans--was 
little changed at 3.2 percent in 2024, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 
today. The jobless rate for all veterans also was little changed over the year at 
3.0 percent. In August 2024, 48 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans had a service-
connected disability, compared with 31 percent of all veterans. 

This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample 
survey of about 60,000 eligible households that provides data on employment, unemployment, 
and people not in the labor force in the United States. Data about veterans are collected 
monthly in the CPS; these monthly data are the source of the 2024 annual averages 
presented in this news release. In August 2024, a supplement to the CPS collected additional 
information about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability and veterans' 
current or past Reserve or National Guard membership. The supplement was co-sponsored by 
the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' 
Employment and Training Service. For more information, see the Technical Note in this news 
release. 

Highlights from the 2024 data:

 --The unemployment rate for all veterans (3.0 percent) was lower than the rate for
   nonveterans (3.9 percent) in 2024. (See table A.)

 --The unemployment rates for male veterans (2.9 percent) and female veterans (3.5 percent) 
   changed little in 2024. The unemployment rate for male veterans was not statistically 
   different from the rate for female veterans. (See table A.)

 --Unemployment rates for White, Black, and Hispanic veterans were lower than for 
   nonveterans in 2024, while the rate for Asian veterans was not statistically different  
   than their nonveteran counterparts. (See table 1.)

 --Among the 250,000 unemployed veterans in 2024, 60 percent were ages 25 to 54, 35 percent 
   were age 55 and over, and 5 percent were ages 18 to 24. (See table 2A.)

 --Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a service-connected disability rating of less than 
   30 percent in August 2024 were more likely to be in the labor force than those with a rating 
   of 60 percent or higher (90.0 percent versus 74.5 percent). (See table 7.)

 --In August 2024, 36.5 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected disability 
   worked in the public sector, compared with 19.8 percent of veterans with no disability and
   12.4 percent of nonveterans. (See table 8.)

The Veteran Population

In 2024, 17.6 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 7 percent of the 
civilian noninstitutional population age 18 and over. Of all veterans, about 12 percent 
were women. In the survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served
on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time these data were
collected. 

Veterans are much more likely to be men than are nonveterans, and they also tend to be older.
In part, this reflects the characteristics of veterans who served during World War II, the 
Korean War, and the Vietnam era, all of whom are now over age 65. Veterans who served during
these wartime periods accounted for about one-third (5.6 million) of the total veteran 
population in 2024. Forty-six percent of veterans (8.1 million) served during Gulf War-era I 
(August 1990 to August 2001) or Gulf War-era II (September 2001 to present). The remaining 
22 percent (3.8 million) served outside these designated wartime periods. (See tables 1 
and 2A.)

The unemployment rates for veteran men (2.9 percent) and women (3.5 percent) changed little 
in 2024. In comparison to nonveteran men and women, the unemployment rate for veteran men was
lower than their nonveteran counterparts (4.1 percent), while the rate for veteran women was 
little different from that of their nonveteran counterparts (3.8 percent). Unemployment rates 
for White (2.8 percent), Black (3.6 percent), Asian (3.9 percent), and Hispanic or Latino 
(3.5 percent) veterans were little changed over the year and were not statistically different
from each other in 2024.

Gulf War-era II Veterans 

In 2024, there were 5.3 million veterans who had served during Gulf War-era II (September 
2001 to present). Eighteen percent of these veterans were women, compared with about 4 
percent of veterans from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. (See tables 
1 and 2A.) 

The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era II veterans was little changed at 3.2 percent in 2024.
Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rates for men and women were little changed 
over the year and not statistically different from each other (3.1 percent and 3.7 percent, 
respectively). (See table A.) 

The unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans, at 3.1 percent, was lower than the
rate for male nonveterans, at 4.1 percent, in 2024. By age, unemployment rates for male Gulf 
War-era II veterans and male nonveterans were not statistically different, with one exception:
55-to-64-year-old male Gulf War-era II veterans had an unemployment rate of 1.4 percent, 
lower than the rate of 3.1 percent for their nonveteran counterparts. (See table 2B.) 

The unemployment rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans, at 3.7 percent, was little 
different from the rate for female nonveterans (3.8 percent) in 2024. By age, unemployment
rates for female Gulf War-era II veterans and nonveterans were generally not statistically
different. (See table 2C.)

Employed Gulf War-era II veteran men were more likely to work in management, professional,
and related occupations (41.9 percent) than were nonveteran men (39.7 percent). Male 
veterans from this period of service were less likely than their nonveteran counterparts 
to work in sales and office occupations (12.2 percent and 13.8 percent, respectively) and
production, transportation, and material moving occupations (15.7 percent and 17.6 percent, 
respectively). For women, employed Gulf War-era II veterans were more likely to work in
management, professional, and related occupations (59.3 percent) than were employed 
nonveteran women (49.1 percent). In contrast, veteran women from this period of service 
were less likely to work in service occupations than their nonveteran counterparts (15.8 
percent and 19.7 percent, respectively), less likely to work in sales and office 
occupations (18.3 percent and 23.6 percent, respectively), and less likely to work in 
production, transportation, and material moving occupations (4.7 percent and 6.4 percent,
respectively). (See table 4.)

Employed Gulf War-era II veteran men were more than twice as likely to work in the public
sector in 2024 as their employed nonveteran counterparts--25.9 percent versus 10.2 percent. 
Employed female Gulf War-era II veterans were twice as likely to work in the public sector
than nonveteran women--32.5 percent versus 16.2 percent. Overall, among employed Gulf War-
era II veterans, 15.0 percent worked for the federal government, compared with 2.2 percent
of nonveterans. (See table 5.) 

In August 2024, 40 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq, 
Afghanistan, or both locations. The unemployment rate for these veterans, at 5.0 percent,
changed little over the year. The rate for Gulf War-era II veterans who served elsewhere 
(3.0 percent) also showed little change in August 2024. (See table 10.)

Gulf War-era I Veterans

In 2024, of the 2.8 million veterans who served during Gulf War-era I (August 1990 to 
August 2001), 16 percent were women. The overall unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I 
veterans was 2.3 percent in 2024, unchanged from the prior year. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

In 2024, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era I veterans (2.1 percent) was lower 
than that of male Gulf War-era II veterans (3.1 percent). The difference in unemployment 
rates reflect, at least in part, the older age profile of veterans who served during Gulf
War-era I. Younger people--whether veterans or nonveterans--tend to have higher unemployment
rates than older people. The rate for female Gulf War-era I veterans (3.5 percent) was 
little different than the rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans (3.7 percent). (See 
tables 2B and 2C.)

Veterans of Other Service Periods 

In 2024, 3.8 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods,"
mainly between the Korean War and the Vietnam era and between the Vietnam era and Gulf 
War-era I. In 2024, about 1 in 10 veterans of other service periods were women. (See 
tables 1 and 2C.) 

The jobless rate for veterans of other service periods changed little in 2024 at 2.8 
percent. The unemployment rate for male veterans from this period of service increased 
to 2.9 percent, while the rate for female veterans from this period of service (2.2 
percent) showed little change over the year. (See table 1.)

Veterans with a Service-connected Disability

In August 2024, 5.5 million veterans, or 31 percent of all veterans, had a service-
connected disability. Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a 
disability rating by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department 
of Defense. Ratings range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points, 
depending on the severity of the condition. (See table 7.) 

Over the year, the unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability
changed little at 4.1 percent in August 2024. The rate for veterans with no service-
connected disability also was little changed at 3.6 percent. The unemployment rates 
for both male veterans with a service-connected disability (3.2 percent) and female 
veterans with a service-connected disability (9.1 percent) showed little change over
the year.

Among veterans with a service-connected disability in August 2024, 19 percent had a
disability rating of less than 30 percent, while 59 percent had a rating of 60 percent
or higher. The unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30
percent was 1.4 percent, lower than the rate for those with a disability rating of 60 
percent or higher, at 6.2 percent.

In August 2024, 48 percent (2.5 million) of veterans who served during Gulf War-era II 
reported a service-connected disability, the same proportion as those who reported not
having a service-connected disability. The labor force participation rate of Gulf War-
era II veterans with a service-connected disability (77.3 percent) was lower than the 
rate for veterans from this period with no service-connected disability (84.8 percent). 
Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for those with a service-connected
disability (4.7 percent) was not statistically different than the rate for those with no
disability (3.1 percent). 

Among Gulf War-era II veterans with a service-connected disability, 65 percent reported 
a disability rating of 60 percent or higher in August 2024. Gulf War-era II veterans who
reported a disability rating of less than 30 percent were more likely to be in the labor
force than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (90.0 percent compared with 74.5 
percent). 

In August 2024, 34 percent (1.0 million) of veterans who served during Gulf War-era I 
reported a service-connected disability. Their labor force participation rate (54.7 
percent) was lower than the rate for Gulf War-era I veterans who did not have a service-
connected disability (76.1 percent). The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans 
with a service-connected disability (3.8 percent) was not statistically different than 
the rate for those without a service-connected disability (4.5 percent).

Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability work
in the public sector. In August 2024, 36.5 percent of employed veterans with a service-
connected disability worked in federal, state, or local government, compared with 19.8
percent of veterans with no disability and 12.4 percent of nonveterans. About one-fifth 
(20.5 percent) of employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked for the 
federal government, compared with 7.9 percent of veterans with no disability and 2.1
percent of nonveterans. (See table 8.)

Reserve and National Guard Membership

In August 2024, over one-third (1.9 million) of Gulf War-era II veterans were current or 
past members of the Reserve or National Guard. The labor force participation rate for 
veterans of this period who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard 
(79.3 percent) was not statistically different from the rate for veterans who had never 
been members (82.1 percent). Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rates for 
those who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard (3.1 percent) and 
for those who had never been members (4.1 percent) were not statistically different from 
each other and little changed from a year earlier. (See table 9.)

Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, 2023-2024 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status and period of service	2023			2024
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
TOTAL VETERANS
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,898	15,858	2,040	17,569	15,519	2,050
Civilian labor force	8,632	7,480	1,152	8,440	7,266	1,174
Participation rate	48.2	47.2	56.5	48.0	46.8	57.3
Employed	8,391	7,276	1,115	8,190	7,058	1,133
Employment-population ratio	46.9	45.9	54.6	46.6	45.5	55.3
Unemployed	241	204	37	250	208	42
Unemployment rate	2.8	2.7	3.2	3.0	2.9	3.5
Not in labor force	9,267	8,378	888	9,129	8,253	876
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,039	4,118	920	5,293	4,337	956
Civilian labor force	4,008	3,342	665	4,200	3,507	693
Participation rate	79.5	81.2	72.3	79.3	80.9	72.5
Employed	3,877	3,234	643	4,064	3,397	668
Employment-population ratio	76.9	78.5	69.8	76.8	78.3	69.8
Unemployed	131	109	22	136	110	26
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.7
Not in labor force	1,031	776	255	1,093	830	263
NONVETERANS
Civilian noninstitutional population	239,789	109,935	129,854	241,698	110,721	130,977
Civilian labor force	156,034	80,214	75,820	157,250	80,544	76,706
Participation rate	65.1	73.0	58.4	65.1	72.7	58.6
Employed	150,472	77,192	73,280	151,053	77,258	73,796
Employment-population ratio	62.8	70.2	56.4	62.5	69.8	56.3
Unemployed	5,562	3,022	2,541	6,196	3,286	2,910
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.8	3.4	3.9	4.1	3.8
Not in labor force	83,755	29,721	54,034	84,449	30,177	54,271
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Effective with data for January 2023, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from an updated Department of Veterans Affairs population model.

Technical Note 
   
The data in this news release were collected through the Current Population Survey (CPS).
The CPS--a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census
Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics--obtains information on employment and unemployment
among the nation's civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over.

Most of the data in this news release are annual averages, compiled from the results of the
monthly survey. In August, a supplement to the CPS collected additional information about veterans
on topics such as service-connected disability, veterans' Reserve or National Guard status, and
veterans who served in Iraq and/or Afghanistan. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S.
Department of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and
Training Service. Questions were asked of people 17 years of age and older regarding their prior
service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data is tabulated for people 18 years of age and older.

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access
telecommunications relay services.
   
Definitions

The definitions underlying the data in this news release are as follows:

Veterans are men and women who previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who
were civilians at the time they were surveyed. Members of the Reserve and National Guard are
counted as veterans if they had ever been called to active duty. People who are on active duty at
the time of the survey are outside the scope of the survey and thus not in the estimates shown
here, as are people who reside in institutions, such as nursing homes and prisons.

World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf War-era veterans are men and women who served in
the U.S. Armed Forces during these periods of service, regardless of where in the world they served.
Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.

Veterans of other service periods are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time
other than World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or the Gulf War era. Although U.S. Armed 
Forces were engaged in several armed conflicts during other service periods, these conflicts were
more limited in scope and included a smaller proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime
periods. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and during another period are
classified in the wartime period.

Nonveterans are men and women who never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Veteran status is obtained from responses to the question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces?"

Period of service identifies when a veteran served in the Armed Forces, but not the location of their
service. It is obtained from answers to the question asked of veterans, "When did you serve on active
duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?" The following service periods are identified:

Gulf War era II -- September 2001-present
Gulf War era I -- August 1990-August 2001
Vietnam era -- August 1964-April 1975
Korean War -- July 1950-January 1955
World War II -- December 1941-December 1946
Other service periods -- All other time periods

Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service. Veterans are counted
only in one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one
wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and
any other service period are classified in the wartime period. The period-of-service definitions are
modified occasionally to reflect changes in law, regulations, and program needs of the survey sponsors.

Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are individuals who served in Iraq at any time since
March 2003, in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, or in both locations. Service in Iraq or
Afghanistan is determined by answers to two questions: "Did you serve in Iraq, off the coast of Iraq, 
or did you fly missions over Iraq at any time since March 2003?" and "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or
did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time since October 2001?"

Presence of service-connected disability is determined by answers to two questions beginning in August
2021: "Have you filed a claim for or received a rating from the Department of Veterans Affairs or the
Department of Defense confirming that you have a service-connected disability; that is, a health condition
or impairment caused or made worse by military service?” and (asked of those who said yes) “Did you
receive a VA disability rating?” People who applied for and received a service-connected disability rating
are classified as having a service-connected disability. People who applied for but did not receive a
service-connected disability rating are classified as without a service-connected disability.

Service-connected disability rating is based on answers to the question, "What is your current VA 
service-connected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage
points. Ratings are determined by the VA or DoD from a rating schedule published in the Code of Federal
Regulations, Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4--"Schedule for Rating Disabilities."
The rating schedule is "primarily a guide in the evaluation of disability resulting from all types of
diseases and injuries encountered as a result of or incident to military service. The percentage ratings
represent as far as can practicably be determined the average impairment in earning capacity resulting
from such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in civil occupations." Part 4 contains a 
listing of hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of 0 through 100 percent, with instructions
for rating multiple disorders.

Reserve and National Guard membership refers only to Gulf War-era veterans who are current or past members
of the Reserve or National Guard. Members of the Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if
they had ever been called to active duty. These data do not refer to all people who may have ever served in
the Reserve or National Guard. Beginning in August 2021, Reserve or National Guard status is obtained from
answers to the question asked of veterans, “Have you ever been a member of the Reserve or National Guard?” 

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather 
than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates will differ from 
the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample
will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error.
BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 
including the failure to sample a segment of the population, the inability to obtain information for
all respondents in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 
information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.

Information about the reliability of national data from the CPS and instructions on how to generate
standard errors are available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

For a discussion of the reliability of state estimates from the CPS, such as those in tables 6A and
6B of this news release, see www.bls.gov/opub/geographic-profile/home.htm.

Comparability of the estimates

Effective with data for January 2023, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived
from a new Department of Veterans Affairs Veteran Population Projection Model (VetPop2020). In
accordance with usual practice, BLS did not revise estimates for previous years. Information about
the Veteran Population Projection Model is available from the Department of Veterans Affairs at
www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/Demographics/New_Vetpop_Model/VetPop2020_A_Brief_Description.pdf.

Table 1. Employment status of people 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2024 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL
Total, 18 years and over	259,267	165,690	63.9	159,244	61.4	6,446	3.9	93,577
Veterans	17,569	8,440	48.0	8,190	46.6	250	3.0	9,129
Gulf War era, total	8,142	6,158	75.6	5,976	73.4	182	2.9	1,985
Gulf War era II	5,293	4,200	79.3	4,064	76.8	136	3.2	1,093
Gulf War era I	2,849	1,958	68.7	1,912	67.1	46	2.3	891
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era	5,640	710	12.6	687	12.2	24	3.4	4,930
Other service periods	3,786	1,572	41.5	1,528	40.3	45	2.8	2,214
Nonveterans	241,698	157,250	65.1	151,053	62.5	6,196	3.9	84,449
Men
Total, 18 years and over	126,240	87,810	69.6	84,315	66.8	3,494	4.0	38,430
Veterans	15,519	7,266	46.8	7,058	45.5	208	2.9	8,253
Gulf War era, total	6,743	5,181	76.8	5,035	74.7	146	2.8	1,562
Gulf War era II	4,337	3,507	80.9	3,397	78.3	110	3.1	830
Gulf War era I	2,405	1,674	69.6	1,639	68.1	36	2.1	731
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era	5,401	683	12.6	661	12.2	21	3.1	4,719
Other service periods	3,375	1,402	41.5	1,361	40.3	41	2.9	1,973
Nonveterans	110,721	80,544	72.7	77,258	69.8	3,286	4.1	30,177
Women
Total, 18 years and over	133,027	77,880	58.5	74,928	56.3	2,952	3.8	55,147
Veterans	2,050	1,174	57.3	1,133	55.3	42	3.5	876
Gulf War era, total	1,400	977	69.8	941	67.2	36	3.6	423
Gulf War era II	956	693	72.5	668	69.8	26	3.7	263
Gulf War era I	444	283	63.9	273	61.7	10	3.5	160
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era	239	28	11.6	25	10.5	2	-	211
Other service periods	412	170	41.3	167	40.4	4	2.2	242
Nonveterans	130,977	76,706	58.6	73,796	56.3	2,910	3.8	54,271
White
Total, 18 years and over	198,386	125,722	63.4	121,354	61.2	4,368	3.5	72,665
Veterans	14,216	6,597	46.4	6,415	45.1	182	2.8	7,619
Gulf War era, total	6,112	4,701	76.9	4,573	74.8	128	2.7	1,412
Gulf War era II	3,952	3,182	80.5	3,089	78.2	93	2.9	770
Gulf War era I	2,161	1,519	70.3	1,484	68.7	35	2.3	642
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era	4,986	624	12.5	603	12.1	21	3.3	4,362
Other service periods	3,117	1,272	40.8	1,238	39.7	34	2.7	1,845
Nonveterans	184,171	119,125	64.7	114,939	62.4	4,186	3.5	65,046
Black or African American
Total, 18 years and over	33,661	21,826	64.8	20,553	61.1	1,273	5.8	11,834
Veterans	2,404	1,326	55.2	1,279	53.2	48	3.6	1,078
Gulf War era, total	1,440	1,029	71.5	991	68.8	38	3.7	411
Gulf War era II	897	680	75.8	651	72.5	29	4.3	217
Gulf War era I	543	349	64.3	341	62.8	9	2.4	194
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era	450	59	13.2	57	12.7	2	3.4	390
Other service periods	514	238	46.3	230	44.8	8	3.3	276
Nonveterans	31,257	20,500	65.6	19,274	61.7	1,226	6.0	10,757
Asian
Total, 18 years and over	17,392	11,543	66.4	11,148	64.1	395	3.4	5,849
Veterans	302	167	55.5	161	53.4	6	3.9	134
Gulf War era, total	184	132	71.7	127	68.9	5	3.9	52
Gulf War era II	138	99	71.4	95	68.9	3	3.5	39
Gulf War era I	46	33	72.4	31	68.7	2	-	13
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era	67	14	20.7	14	20.4	0	-	53
Other service periods	51	22	42.9	21	40.6	1	-	29
Nonveterans	17,090	11,376	66.6	10,987	64.3	389	3.4	5,715
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 18 years and over	46,466	32,347	69.6	30,766	66.2	1,581	4.9	14,118
Veterans	1,483	914	61.6	881	59.5	32	3.5	569
Gulf War era, total	986	756	76.8	730	74.1	26	3.5	229
Gulf War era II	707	552	78.1	532	75.2	20	3.6	155
Gulf War era I	278	204	73.4	198	71.2	6	3.0	74
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era	270	52	19.2	47	17.5	5	9.0	218
Other service periods	227	105	46.4	104	45.8	1	1.2	122
Nonveterans	44,983	31,434	69.9	29,884	66.4	1,549	4.9	13,549
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2A. Employment status of people 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2024 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	17,569	8,440	48.0	8,190	46.6	250	3.0	9,129
18 to 24 years	272	192	70.7	180	66.2	12	6.4	80
25 to 34 years	1,451	1,188	81.8	1,137	78.3	51	4.3	264
35 to 44 years	2,139	1,829	85.5	1,772	82.8	56	3.1	311
45 to 54 years	2,361	1,922	81.4	1,879	79.6	43	2.2	439
55 to 64 years	3,244	2,116	65.2	2,065	63.7	51	2.4	1,127
65 years and over	8,102	1,194	14.7	1,157	14.3	37	3.1	6,908
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over	8,142	6,158	75.6	5,976	73.4	182	2.9	1,985
18 to 24 years	272	192	70.7	180	66.2	12	6.4	80
25 to 34 years	1,451	1,188	81.8	1,137	78.3	51	4.3	264
35 to 44 years	2,139	1,829	85.5	1,772	82.8	56	3.1	311
45 to 54 years	2,215	1,805	81.5	1,767	79.8	38	2.1	410
55 to 64 years	1,450	1,008	69.5	987	68.0	21	2.0	443
65 years and over	615	137	22.3	134	21.7	3	2.4	478
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over	5,293	4,200	79.3	4,064	76.8	136	3.2	1,093
18 to 24 years	272	192	70.7	180	66.2	12	6.4	80
25 to 34 years	1,451	1,188	81.8	1,137	78.3	51	4.3	264
35 to 44 years	1,981	1,700	85.8	1,650	83.3	51	3.0	280
45 to 54 years	868	700	80.7	684	78.8	16	2.3	168
55 to 64 years	541	372	68.8	367	67.9	5	1.3	168
65 years and over	181	48	26.5	46	25.6	2	-	133
Gulf War era I
Total, 35 years and over	2,849	1,958	68.7	1,912	67.1	46	2.3	891
35 to 44 years	159	128	80.8	123	77.2	6	4.5	30
45 to 54 years	1,347	1,105	82.0	1,083	80.4	22	2.0	242
55 to 64 years	910	635	69.8	620	68.1	16	2.5	274
65 years and over	433	89	20.5	87	20.1	2	2.0	344
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 65 years and over	5,640	710	12.6	687	12.2	24	3.4	4,930
Other service periods
Total, 45 years and over	3,786	1,572	41.5	1,528	40.3	45	2.8	2,214
45 to 54 years	146	117	79.8	112	76.6	5	4.0	30
55 to 64 years	1,793	1,109	61.8	1,078	60.1	30	2.7	684
65 years and over	1,847	347	18.8	337	18.3	10	2.8	1,500
TOTAL NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	241,698	157,250	65.1	151,053	62.5	6,196	3.9	84,449
18 to 24 years	29,397	19,170	65.2	17,552	59.7	1,618	8.4	10,227
25 to 34 years	42,976	35,994	83.8	34,458	80.2	1,535	4.3	6,982
35 to 44 years	42,041	35,575	84.6	34,425	81.9	1,150	3.2	6,466
45 to 54 years	37,673	31,016	82.3	30,160	80.1	856	2.8	6,657
55 to 64 years	37,978	25,050	66.0	24,340	64.1	710	2.8	12,927
65 years and over	51,634	10,445	20.2	10,118	19.6	327	3.1	41,189
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2024 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS, MEN
Total, 18 years and over	15,519	7,266	46.8	7,058	45.5	208	2.9	8,253
18 to 24 years	205	152	74.1	141	68.9	11	7.1	53
25 to 34 years	1,183	1,006	85.1	968	81.8	39	3.9	176
35 to 44 years	1,731	1,499	86.6	1,452	83.8	47	3.2	232
45 to 54 years	1,972	1,628	82.6	1,592	80.7	36	2.2	344
55 to 64 years	2,843	1,877	66.0	1,833	64.5	44	2.3	966
65 years and over	7,585	1,104	14.6	1,072	14.1	32	2.9	6,481
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over	6,743	5,181	76.8	5,035	74.7	146	2.8	1,562
18 to 24 years	205	152	74.1	141	68.9	11	7.1	53
25 to 34 years	1,183	1,006	85.1	968	81.8	39	3.9	176
35 to 44 years	1,731	1,499	86.6	1,452	83.8	47	3.2	232
45 to 54 years	1,848	1,529	82.8	1,498	81.1	31	2.0	319
55 to 64 years	1,252	879	70.2	864	68.9	16	1.8	373
65 years and over	523	115	22.0	113	21.6	2	1.8	408
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over	4,337	3,507	80.9	3,397	78.3	110	3.1	830
18 to 24 years	205	152	74.1	141	68.9	11	7.1	53
25 to 34 years	1,183	1,006	85.1	968	81.8	39	3.9	176
35 to 44 years	1,607	1,399	87.0	1,356	84.4	43	3.1	208
45 to 54 years	717	586	81.6	573	79.9	12	2.1	132
55 to 64 years	474	325	68.6	320	67.6	5	1.4	149
65 years and over	151	39	25.7	38	25.3	1	1.8	112
Gulf War era I
Total, 35 years and over	2,405	1,674	69.6	1,639	68.1	36	2.1	731
35 to 44 years	124	100	80.5	96	77.0	4	4.4	24
45 to 54 years	1,131	943	83.5	925	81.8	19	2.0	187
55 to 64 years	779	554	71.2	543	69.8	11	2.0	224
65 years and over	372	76	20.5	75	20.1	1	1.8	296
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 65 years and over	5,401	683	12.6	661	12.2	21	3.1	4,719
Other service periods
Total, 45 years and over	3,375	1,402	41.5	1,361	40.3	41	2.9	1,973
45 to 54 years	124	99	79.6	94	75.9	5	4.7	25
55 to 64 years	1,591	998	62.7	970	61.0	28	2.8	593
65 years and over	1,660	306	18.4	297	17.9	8	2.8	1,354
NONVETERANS, MEN
Total, 18 years and over	110,721	80,544	72.7	77,258	69.8	3,286	4.1	30,177
18 to 24 years	14,748	9,762	66.2	8,864	60.1	898	9.2	4,986
25 to 34 years	20,936	18,746	89.5	17,935	85.7	812	4.3	2,189
35 to 44 years	20,263	18,444	91.0	17,864	88.2	580	3.1	1,818
45 to 54 years	17,829	15,773	88.5	15,329	86.0	444	2.8	2,056
55 to 64 years	17,309	12,562	72.6	12,178	70.4	383	3.1	4,748
65 years and over	19,637	5,256	26.8	5,088	25.9	169	3.2	14,380
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2024 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS, WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over	2,050	1,174	57.3	1,133	55.3	42	3.5	876
18 to 24 years	67	40	60.2	39	57.9	2	3.9	26
25 to 34 years	269	181	67.4	169	63.0	12	6.6	87
35 to 44 years	408	330	80.8	321	78.6	9	2.8	78
45 to 54 years	390	294	75.5	287	73.7	7	2.4	96
55 to 64 years	400	239	59.7	232	57.9	7	3.0	161
65 years and over	517	90	17.5	85	16.5	5	5.3	427
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over	1,400	977	69.8	941	67.2	36	3.6	423
18 to 24 years	67	40	60.2	39	57.9	2	3.9	26
25 to 34 years	269	181	67.4	169	63.0	12	6.6	87
35 to 44 years	408	330	80.8	321	78.6	9	2.8	78
45 to 54 years	367	276	75.2	269	73.2	7	2.6	91
55 to 64 years	198	128	64.7	123	62.4	5	3.6	70
65 years and over	91	22	23.7	20	22.4	1	-	70
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over	956	693	72.5	668	69.8	26	3.7	263
18 to 24 years	67	40	60.2	39	57.9	2	3.9	26
25 to 34 years	269	181	67.4	169	63.0	12	6.6	87
35 to 44 years	373	301	80.7	294	78.7	8	2.5	72
45 to 54 years	151	114	76.0	111	73.6	4	3.1	36
55 to 64 years	67	47	70.5	47	70.4	0	0.2	20
65 years and over	30	9	-	8	-	1	-	21
Gulf War era I
Total, 35 years and over	444	283	63.9	273	61.7	10	3.5	160
35 to 44 years	35	28	81.8	27	77.8	1	-	6
45 to 54 years	216	161	74.6	158	72.9	4	2.2	55
55 to 64 years	131	81	61.7	76	58.2	5	5.6	50
65 years and over	61	13	20.6	12	20.0	0	-	49
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 65 years and over	239	28	11.6	25	10.5	2	-	211
Other service periods
Total, 45 years and over	412	170	41.3	167	40.4	4	2.2	242
45 to 54 years	22	18	-	18	-	0	-	4
55 to 64 years	202	111	54.9	109	53.6	3	2.3	91
65 years and over	187	41	21.9	40	21.3	1	2.7	146
NONVETERANS, WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over	130,977	76,706	58.6	73,796	56.3	2,910	3.8	54,271
18 to 24 years	14,649	9,408	64.2	8,687	59.3	720	7.7	5,241
25 to 34 years	22,040	17,247	78.3	16,524	75.0	724	4.2	4,793
35 to 44 years	21,778	17,130	78.7	16,561	76.0	569	3.3	4,648
45 to 54 years	19,844	15,243	76.8	14,831	74.7	412	2.7	4,601
55 to 64 years	20,668	12,489	60.4	12,162	58.8	327	2.6	8,179
65 years and over	31,997	5,189	16.2	5,030	15.7	158	3.0	26,809
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 3. Employment status of people 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational attainment, 2024 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service, and educational attainment	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS
Total, 25 years and over	17,297	8,248	47.7	8,011	46.3	238	2.9	9,049
Less than a high school diploma	445	90	20.3	83	18.6	7	8.2	355
High school graduates, no college	4,780	1,936	40.5	1,870	39.1	66	3.4	2,844
Some college or associate degree	5,964	2,907	48.7	2,805	47.0	103	3.5	3,057
Bachelor's degree and higher	6,107	3,315	54.3	3,253	53.3	61	1.8	2,793
Gulf War era, total
Total, 25 years and over	7,871	5,966	75.8	5,797	73.6	169	2.8	1,905
Less than a high school diploma	61	36	59.6	34	56.2	2	5.7	25
High school graduates, no college	1,757	1,281	72.9	1,235	70.3	46	3.6	475
Some college or associate degree	2,885	2,112	73.2	2,036	70.6	76	3.6	774
Bachelor's degree and higher	3,168	2,536	80.1	2,491	78.6	45	1.8	631
Gulf War era II
Total, 25 years and over	5,022	4,008	79.8	3,884	77.4	124	3.1	1,014
Less than a high school diploma	38	25	64.5	24	62.9	1	-	14
High school graduates, no college	1,065	831	78.0	797	74.8	34	4.1	234
Some college or associate degree	1,843	1,421	77.1	1,364	74.0	56	4.0	423
Bachelor's degree and higher	2,075	1,731	83.4	1,699	81.9	32	1.9	343
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over	2,849	1,958	68.7	1,912	67.1	46	2.3	891
Less than a high school diploma	23	12	-	10	-	1	-	11
High school graduates, no college	691	450	65.1	438	63.3	12	2.7	241
Some college or associate degree	1,042	691	66.3	672	64.5	19	2.8	351
Bachelor's degree and higher	1,093	805	73.7	792	72.5	13	1.6	288
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 25 years and over	5,640	710	12.6	687	12.2	24	3.4	4,930
Less than a high school diploma	250	21	8.3	17	6.9	4	-	230
High school graduates, no college	1,735	172	9.9	167	9.6	5	3.1	1,563
Some college or associate degree	1,791	216	12.1	207	11.6	9	4.1	1,575
Bachelor's degree and higher	1,863	302	16.2	296	15.9	6	2.0	1,562
Other service periods
Total, 25 years and over	3,786	1,572	41.5	1,528	40.3	45	2.8	2,214
Less than a high school diploma	134	33	24.7	31	23.3	2	-	101
High school graduates, no college	1,289	483	37.5	468	36.3	15	3.1	806
Some college or associate degree	1,288	580	45.0	562	43.6	18	3.1	708
Bachelor's degree and higher	1,076	477	44.3	466	43.3	10	2.1	600
NONVETERANS
Total, 25 years and over	212,302	138,080	65.0	133,502	62.9	4,578	3.3	74,222
Less than a high school diploma	18,750	8,999	48.0	8,447	45.0	553	6.1	9,750
High school graduates, no college	58,870	34,294	58.3	32,830	55.8	1,464	4.3	24,576
Some college or associate degree	51,200	33,051	64.6	31,936	62.4	1,115	3.4	18,149
Bachelor's degree and higher	83,482	61,735	74.0	60,289	72.2	1,446	2.3	21,747
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 4. Employed people 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2024 annual averages [Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex	Veterans						Non- veterans
	Total	Gulf War era			WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era	Other service periods
		Total	Gulf War era II	Gulf War era I
TOTAL
Total employed (in thousands)	8,190	5,976	4,064	1,912	687	1,528	151,053
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	44.5	45.7	44.8	47.8	41.3	41.2	44.3
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	21.7	21.5	20.6	23.6	23.0	21.7	19.1
Professional and related occupations	22.8	24.2	24.2	24.2	18.3	19.6	25.2
Service occupations	12.8	13.3	14.3	11.1	13.1	10.8	16.2
Sales and office occupations	14.2	13.6	13.2	14.4	19.7	14.2	18.6
Sales and related occupations	7.4	6.5	6.4	6.8	14.1	7.5	8.6
Office and administrative support occupations	6.9	7.1	6.8	7.6	5.5	6.7	10.0
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	12.8	13.0	13.8	11.5	9.2	13.3	8.8
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.7	0.3	0.6
Construction and extraction occupations	5.3	5.2	5.3	5.0	5.0	5.8	5.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	7.1	7.5	8.2	6.1	3.5	7.2	2.9
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	15.7	14.3	13.9	15.2	16.7	20.5	12.1
Production occupations	5.7	5.6	5.5	5.7	4.1	6.7	4.9
Transportation and material moving occupations	10.0	8.8	8.4	9.5	12.6	13.8	7.2
MEN
Total employed (in thousands)	7,058	5,035	3,397	1,639	661	1,361	77,258
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	42.3	43.1	41.9	45.6	41.6	39.7	39.7
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	21.5	21.3	20.2	23.4	23.5	21.2	19.5
Professional and related occupations	20.8	21.8	21.7	22.1	18.0	18.5	20.2
Service occupations	12.6	13.1	14.0	11.2	12.5	10.8	12.9
Sales and office occupations	13.3	12.6	12.2	13.4	19.4	12.6	13.8
Sales and related occupations	7.6	6.8	6.5	7.2	14.2	7.6	8.5
Office and administrative support occupations	5.6	5.9	5.7	6.2	5.2	5.1	5.2
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14.5	15.2	16.1	13.3	9.4	14.6	16.1
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.7	0.3	0.8
Construction and extraction occupations	6.0	6.0	6.1	5.8	5.1	6.4	9.9
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	8.1	8.8	9.6	7.1	3.6	7.9	5.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	17.3	16.0	15.7	16.6	17.2	22.2	17.6
Production occupations	6.2	6.2	6.2	6.1	4.3	7.2	6.7
Transportation and material moving occupations	11.1	9.8	9.5	10.5	12.9	15.0	10.9
WOMEN
Total employed (in thousands)	1,133	941	668	273	25	167	73,796
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	58.4	59.9	59.3	61.3	-	53.6	49.1
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	23.0	23.0	22.3	24.9	-	25.4	18.6
Professional and related occupations	35.4	36.8	37.0	36.4	-	28.3	30.5
Service occupations	14.2	14.4	15.8	10.9	-	11.0	19.7
Sales and office occupations	20.2	18.8	18.3	20.2	-	26.8	23.6
Sales and related occupations	5.7	5.3	5.8	4.2	-	6.7	8.7
Office and administrative support occupations	14.5	13.5	12.5	16.0	-	20.1	15.0
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	1.7	1.5	2.0	0.4	-	2.1	1.1
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.4	-	0.1	0.3
Construction and extraction occupations	0.7	0.6	0.9	0.0	-	0.5	0.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	0.8	0.7	1.0	0.0	-	1.5	0.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	5.5	5.4	4.7	7.1	-	6.4	6.4
Production occupations	2.3	2.3	1.7	3.6	-	2.9	3.0
Transportation and material moving occupations	3.2	3.1	2.9	3.6	-	3.5	3.4
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 5. Employed people 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2024 annual averages [Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex	Veterans						Non- veterans
	Total	Gulf War era			WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era	Other service periods
		Total	Gulf War era II	Gulf War era I
TOTAL
Total employed (in thousands)(1)	8,190	5,976	4,064	1,912	687	1,528	151,053
As a percent of total employed
Total employed(1)	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Agriculture and related industries	1.4	0.7	0.6	1.0	6.5	1.6	1.4
Wage and salary workers(2)	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.7	1.8	0.7	1.0
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	0.7	0.1	0.1	0.3	4.6	0.9	0.4
Nonagricultural industries	98.6	99.3	99.4	99.0	93.5	98.4	98.6
Wage and salary workers(2)	93.2	95.0	95.4	94.2	79.4	92.4	92.8
Private industries	69.8	68.9	68.4	70.0	66.0	74.9	79.7
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.3
Construction	6.4	6.4	6.7	5.7	4.9	6.9	6.3
Manufacturing	11.5	11.7	11.7	11.7	6.9	12.5	9.0
Wholesale trade	2.2	2.0	1.8	2.3	1.7	3.5	1.9
Retail trade	7.1	6.4	6.6	5.9	12.9	7.5	9.6
Transportation and utilities	7.9	7.7	7.5	7.9	6.6	9.3	4.8
Information	1.3	1.6	1.2	2.3	0.3	0.9	1.6
Financial activities	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.7	6.2	4.6	6.3
Professional and business services	12.1	12.2	12.4	11.9	11.1	12.1	11.7
Education and health services	9.0	9.2	8.8	10.2	5.9	9.5	16.4
Leisure and hospitality	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.3	5.5	4.1	7.7
Other services	3.1	3.0	2.8	3.2	3.3	3.6	4.1
Government	23.4	26.1	27.0	24.2	13.4	17.5	13.1
Federal	12.0	14.2	15.0	12.5	4.0	6.8	2.2
State	4.5	4.7	4.6	4.9	3.0	4.4	4.7
Local	7.0	7.2	7.4	6.9	6.4	6.3	6.2
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	5.4	4.2	3.9	4.8	14.1	6.0	5.8
MEN
Total employed (in thousands)(1)	7,058	5,035	3,397	1,639	661	1,361	77,258
As a percent of total employed
Total employed(1)	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Agriculture and related industries	1.5	0.8	0.7	1.0	6.7	1.7	1.9
Wage and salary workers(2)	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.8	1.9	0.8	1.3
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	0.7	0.1	0.1	0.3	4.8	0.9	0.6
Nonagricultural industries	98.5	99.2	99.3	99.0	93.3	98.3	98.1
Wage and salary workers(2)	93.1	95.2	95.7	94.3	79.0	92.3	91.6
Private industries	71.1	70.4	69.7	71.8	66.2	76.0	81.4
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.6
Construction	7.1	7.3	7.7	6.6	4.9	7.6	10.7
Manufacturing	12.5	12.9	13.0	12.5	7.2	13.9	12.2
Wholesale trade	2.4	2.1	2.0	2.3	1.8	3.8	2.5
Retail trade	7.5	6.9	7.1	6.5	12.7	7.5	9.6
Transportation and utilities	8.6	8.5	8.6	8.4	6.9	10.0	6.9
Information	1.4	1.7	1.4	2.6	0.1	0.9	1.8
Financial activities	4.4	4.2	4.1	4.5	6.4	4.1	5.8
Professional and business services	12.6	12.8	12.8	12.8	11.5	12.3	12.9
Education and health services	6.8	6.8	6.1	8.4	5.3	7.6	7.4
Leisure and hospitality	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.1	5.4	4.0	7.2
Other services	3.3	3.1	2.9	3.5	3.4	3.9	3.6
Government	22.0	24.8	25.9	22.5	12.8	16.3	10.2
Federal	11.1	13.5	14.6	11.2	3.5	6.0	2.1
State	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.3	3.0	3.9	3.4
Local	6.9	7.2	7.3	7.0	6.3	6.4	4.6
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	5.3	4.0	3.6	4.7	14.3	6.0	6.5
WOMEN
Total employed (in thousands)(1)	1,133	941	668	273	25	167	73,796
As a percent of total employed
Total employed(1)	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Agriculture and related industries	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.7	-	0.8	0.9
Wage and salary workers(2)	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.4	-	0.1	0.6
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	-	0.7	0.2
Nonagricultural industries	99.6	99.6	99.7	99.3	-	99.2	99.1
Wage and salary workers(2)	93.8	93.9	94.1	93.6	-	93.6	94.0
Private industries	61.6	60.8	61.6	59.0	-	66.1	77.8
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.8	-	0.6	0.1
Construction	1.6	1.6	2.0	0.6	-	0.7	1.6
Manufacturing	4.8	5.5	5.0	6.7	-	1.4	5.7
Wholesale trade	1.2	1.2	0.7	2.3	-	1.4	1.3
Retail trade	4.7	3.9	4.3	2.8	-	7.6	9.6
Transportation and utilities	3.1	3.0	2.1	5.2	-	4.0	2.5
Information	0.8	0.8	0.6	1.1	-	0.1	1.3
Financial activities	6.3	6.1	6.1	6.3	-	8.2	6.8
Professional and business services	9.2	9.1	10.4	5.9	-	10.8	10.5
Education and health services	22.6	22.2	22.7	21.0	-	25.1	25.8
Leisure and hospitality	5.1	5.0	5.2	4.5	-	5.4	8.3
Other services	2.0	2.2	2.3	1.9	-	0.8	4.6
Government	32.2	33.1	32.5	34.6	-	27.5	16.2
Federal	17.4	18.1	17.3	20.0	-	13.5	2.2
State	7.5	7.6	7.3	8.4	-	7.8	6.1
Local	7.3	7.4	8.0	6.1	-	6.1	7.9
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	5.8	5.7	5.7	5.7	-	5.7	5.1
Footnotes (1) Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately. (2) Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2024 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

State	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	17,569	8,440	48.0	8,190	46.6	250	3.0	9,129
Alabama	334	156	46.7	155	46.2	2	1.1	178
Alaska	58	33	56.7	32	54.2	1	4.4	25
Arizona	472	215	45.4	211	44.7	4	1.8	258
Arkansas	201	90	45.1	88	44.0	2	2.4	110
California	1,294	558	43.1	532	41.2	25	4.5	736
Colorado	331	175	52.8	169	51.1	6	3.2	156
Connecticut	135	61	45.4	58	43.1	3	5.0	74
Delaware	66	28	42.1	27	41.4	0	1.7	38
District of Columbia	23	12	53.6	12	52.2	0	2.7	10
Florida	1,484	694	46.8	676	45.5	18	2.6	790
Georgia	698	352	50.4	339	48.5	13	3.7	346
Hawaii	95	46	47.8	44	46.3	1	3.1	50
Idaho	122	59	48.1	57	46.5	2	3.4	63
Illinois	489	196	40.1	186	38.1	10	4.9	293
Indiana	343	178	52.1	175	51.2	3	1.7	164
Iowa	178	88	49.4	86	48.2	2	2.4	90
Kansas	170	91	53.6	85	49.8	7	7.2	79
Kentucky	225	106	46.9	104	46.0	2	2.0	120
Louisiana	271	118	43.5	115	42.3	3	2.7	153
Maine	108	48	44.3	47	43.0	1	3.1	60
Maryland	309	181	58.5	177	57.5	3	1.8	128
Massachusetts	256	124	48.5	122	47.6	2	1.8	132
Michigan	493	209	42.4	199	40.4	10	4.7	284
Minnesota	280	127	45.3	121	43.3	5	4.3	153
Mississippi	168	69	41.0	68	40.4	1	1.5	99
Missouri	395	175	44.4	171	43.2	5	2.7	220
Montana	93	45	49.1	44	47.8	1	2.7	47
Nebraska	112	62	55.3	61	54.5	1	1.6	50
Nevada	208	98	47.0	95	45.9	2	2.2	110
New Hampshire	83	39	47.8	39	47.7	0	0.2	43
New Jersey	274	116	42.4	109	39.9	7	6.0	158
New Mexico	157	71	45.5	70	44.4	2	2.4	85
New York	650	284	43.7	273	41.9	11	4.0	366
North Carolina	629	297	47.3	290	46.1	8	2.6	331
North Dakota	48	29	59.9	28	58.5	1	2.4	19
Ohio	654	289	44.2	284	43.4	5	1.9	365
Oklahoma	265	136	51.3	133	50.3	2	1.8	129
Oregon	271	114	42.1	109	40.3	5	4.2	157
Pennsylvania	715	307	42.9	293	41.0	13	4.3	409
Rhode Island	50	27	53.6	26	51.0	1	4.8	23
South Carolina	399	176	44.1	173	43.4	3	1.7	223
South Dakota	59	30	51.6	30	50.8	0	1.5	28
Tennessee	515	260	50.5	251	48.8	8	3.2	255
Texas	1,606	916	57.0	901	56.1	15	1.6	690
Utah	141	73	51.9	71	50.4	2	3.0	68
Vermont	35	16	45.8	15	44.4	0	3.0	19
Virginia	704	426	60.5	414	58.8	12	2.8	278
Washington	446	223	50.1	214	48.1	9	4.1	222
West Virginia	117	50	42.8	48	41.0	2	4.2	67
Wisconsin	296	145	49.0	142	47.8	3	2.4	151
Wyoming	45	22	48.0	21	46.5	1	3.1	23
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria.

Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2024 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

State	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over	241,698	157,250	65.1	151,053	62.5	6,196	3.9	84,449
Alabama	3,595	2,149	59.8	2,083	57.9	66	3.1	1,446
Alaska	475	315	66.3	299	63.1	16	4.9	160
Arizona	5,348	3,465	64.8	3,341	62.5	124	3.6	1,884
Arkansas	2,146	1,308	61.0	1,262	58.8	46	3.5	838
California	28,776	18,595	64.6	17,649	61.3	945	5.1	10,182
Colorado	4,299	2,999	69.8	2,871	66.8	129	4.3	1,299
Connecticut	2,714	1,819	67.0	1,759	64.8	60	3.3	895
Delaware	749	465	62.0	449	60.0	15	3.3	284
District of Columbia	531	394	74.2	373	70.3	21	5.3	137
Florida	16,737	10,090	60.3	9,782	58.4	308	3.1	6,647
Georgia	7,765	5,031	64.8	4,864	62.6	168	3.3	2,734
Hawaii	983	616	62.6	598	60.8	18	2.9	367
Idaho	1,376	925	67.2	893	64.9	33	3.5	451
Illinois	9,203	6,211	67.5	5,916	64.3	295	4.7	2,992
Indiana	4,848	3,180	65.6	3,042	62.8	138	4.3	1,668
Iowa	2,263	1,556	68.8	1,508	66.6	48	3.1	707
Kansas	2,037	1,417	69.6	1,368	67.2	49	3.5	619
Kentucky	3,200	1,932	60.4	1,838	57.4	94	4.9	1,268
Louisiana	3,137	1,902	60.6	1,821	58.0	81	4.3	1,235
Maine	1,033	650	62.9	632	61.2	18	2.8	383
Maryland	4,460	3,026	67.9	2,909	65.2	118	3.9	1,433
Massachusetts	5,322	3,653	68.6	3,509	65.9	144	3.9	1,669
Michigan	7,357	4,731	64.3	4,524	61.5	207	4.4	2,626
Minnesota	4,158	2,927	70.4	2,833	68.1	95	3.2	1,231
Mississippi	2,034	1,189	58.5	1,154	56.7	35	2.9	845
Missouri	4,368	2,872	65.7	2,779	63.6	93	3.2	1,496
Montana	799	529	66.2	514	64.3	15	2.8	271
Nebraska	1,364	969	71.0	943	69.1	26	2.7	395
Nevada	2,290	1,503	65.6	1,425	62.2	79	5.2	787
New Hampshire	1,057	713	67.4	692	65.5	20	2.9	345
New Jersey	6,953	4,637	66.7	4,433	63.8	204	4.4	2,316
New Mexico	1,484	881	59.3	843	56.8	37	4.2	603
New York	14,638	9,220	63.0	8,839	60.4	381	4.1	5,418
North Carolina	7,814	4,901	62.7	4,731	60.6	170	3.5	2,912
North Dakota	536	384	71.6	373	69.5	11	3.0	152
Ohio	8,389	5,470	65.2	5,240	62.5	230	4.2	2,919
Oklahoma	2,778	1,833	66.0	1,770	63.7	63	3.5	945
Oregon	3,095	2,037	65.8	1,955	63.2	82	4.0	1,057
Pennsylvania	9,443	6,116	64.8	5,905	62.5	211	3.5	3,326
Rhode Island	827	550	66.5	526	63.6	24	4.3	277
South Carolina	3,800	2,330	61.3	2,229	58.7	101	4.3	1,470
South Dakota	633	458	72.3	449	70.9	8	1.8	176
Tennessee	5,036	3,126	62.1	3,023	60.0	103	3.3	1,910
Texas	21,354	14,449	67.7	13,848	64.9	601	4.2	6,905
Utah	2,360	1,685	71.4	1,629	69.0	56	3.3	676
Vermont	495	335	67.6	328	66.1	7	2.2	160
Virginia	6,005	4,073	67.8	3,957	65.9	116	2.8	1,932
Washington	5,650	3,709	65.6	3,541	62.7	168	4.5	1,941
West Virginia	1,260	717	56.9	690	54.8	27	3.8	543
Wisconsin	4,318	2,940	68.1	2,857	66.2	83	2.8	1,379
Wyoming	405	269	66.5	261	64.4	8	3.1	136
NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex, August 2024, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
TOTAL VETERANS
Total	17,532	8,350	47.6	8,043	45.9	307	3.7	9,182
With service-connected disability	5,458	2,769	50.7	2,656	48.7	113	4.1	2,690
Less than 30 percent disability rating	1,028	515	50.1	507	49.4	7	1.4	513
30 to 50 percent disability rating	941	493	52.4	487	51.7	6	1.3	448
60 percent or higher disability rating	3,215	1,606	50.0	1,507	46.9	99	6.2	1,609
Disability rating not reported	275	155	56.3	155	56.3	-	-	120
Without service-connected disability	11,281	5,223	46.3	5,034	44.6	189	3.6	6,058
Presence of disability not reported	793	358	45.2	353	44.5	5	1.5	435
Gulf War era, total
Total	8,162	6,233	76.4	5,991	73.4	243	3.9	1,929
With service-connected disability	3,509	2,487	70.9	2,374	67.6	113	4.5	1,023
Less than 30 percent disability rating	482	386	80.1	380	78.7	7	1.7	96
30 to 50 percent disability rating	611	446	73.0	439	71.9	6	1.5	165
60 percent or higher disability rating	2,231	1,518	68.0	1,418	63.6	99	6.6	714
Disability rating not reported	185	137	74.2	137	74.2	-	-	48
Without service-connected disability	4,260	3,458	81.2	3,333	78.2	125	3.6	803
Presence of disability not reported	392	289	73.7	284	72.4	5	1.8	103
Gulf War era II
Total	5,207	4,227	81.2	4,066	78.1	161	3.8	980
With service-connected disability	2,507	1,939	77.3	1,847	73.7	92	4.7	568
Less than 30 percent disability rating	318	286	90.0	285	89.7	1	0.3	32
30 to 50 percent disability rating	415	331	79.8	330	79.6	1	0.2	84
60 percent or higher disability rating	1,633	1,217	74.5	1,127	69.0	90	7.4	416
Disability rating not reported	142	105	73.9	105	73.9	-	-	37
Without service-connected disability	2,479	2,102	84.8	2,037	82.2	64	3.1	377
Presence of disability not reported	222	187	84.2	182	81.8	5	2.8	35
Gulf War era I
Total	2,955	2,006	67.9	1,925	65.2	81	4.1	948
With service-connected disability	1,003	548	54.7	528	52.6	21	3.8	454
Less than 30 percent disability rating	165	100	60.9	95	57.4	6	5.8	64
30 to 50 percent disability rating	196	115	58.5	109	55.5	6	5.0	81
60 percent or higher disability rating	598	300	50.2	291	48.7	9	3.0	298
Disability rating not reported	43	33	-	33	-	-	-	11
Without service-connected disability	1,782	1,356	76.1	1,295	72.7	61	4.5	426
Presence of disability not reported	170	102	60.0	102	60.0	-	-	68
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total	5,601	614	11.0	582	10.4	32	5.3	4,987
With service-connected disability	1,378	98	7.1	98	7.1	-	-	1,280
Less than 30 percent disability rating	320	34	10.7	34	10.7	-	-	286
30 to 50 percent disability rating	243	24	9.7	24	9.7	-	-	220
60 percent or higher disability rating	752	35	4.7	35	4.7	-	-	717
Disability rating not reported	62	5	-	5	-	-	-	57
Without service-connected disability	3,969	510	12.9	478	12.0	32	6.3	3,459
Presence of disability not reported	254	6	2.3	6	2.3	-	-	248
Other service periods
Total	3,769	1,503	39.9	1,470	39.0	32	2.1	2,266
With service-connected disability	571	184	32.3	184	32.2	0	0.3	387
Less than 30 percent disability rating	225	94	41.9	94	41.7	0	0.5	130
30 to 50 percent disability rating	87	24	27.6	24	27.6	-	-	63
60 percent or higher disability rating	231	53	23.1	53	23.1	-	-	178
Disability rating not reported	28	13	-	13	-	-	-	15
Without service-connected disability	3,051	1,255	41.1	1,223	40.1	32	2.5	1,796
Presence of disability not reported	147	64	43.3	64	43.3	-	-	83
MEN VETERANS
Total	15,481	7,201	46.5	6,989	45.1	212	2.9	8,280
With service-connected disability	4,705	2,364	50.2	2,288	48.6	76	3.2	2,341
Less than 30 percent disability rating	931	475	51.0	468	50.3	7	1.5	456
30 to 50 percent disability rating	802	428	53.4	427	53.3	1	0.2	374
60 percent or higher disability rating	2,740	1,328	48.5	1,260	46.0	68	5.1	1,412
Disability rating not reported	233	133	57.0	133	57.0	-	-	100
Without service-connected disability	10,071	4,540	45.1	4,410	43.8	131	2.9	5,531
Presence of disability not reported	704	296	42.1	291	41.3	5	1.8	408
Gulf War era, total
Total	6,759	5,254	77.7	5,094	75.4	159	3.0	1,505
With service-connected disability	2,886	2,111	73.1	2,035	70.5	76	3.6	776
Less than 30 percent disability rating	423	352	83.1	345	81.5	7	1.9	72
30 to 50 percent disability rating	509	388	76.1	387	76.0	1	0.2	122
60 percent or higher disability rating	1,805	1,256	69.6	1,188	65.8	68	5.4	549
Disability rating not reported	148	115	77.6	115	77.6	-	-	33
Without service-connected disability	3,567	2,916	81.8	2,838	79.6	78	2.7	651
Presence of disability not reported	306	227	74.3	222	72.5	5	2.3	79
Gulf War era II
Total	4,255	3,524	82.8	3,421	80.4	103	2.9	731
With service-connected disability	2,055	1,617	78.7	1,556	75.7	61	3.8	438
Less than 30 percent disability rating	281	259	92.4	258	92.0	1	0.4	21
30 to 50 percent disability rating	350	290	82.8	289	82.6	1	0.3	60
60 percent or higher disability rating	1,310	984	75.1	924	70.6	59	6.0	326
Disability rating not reported	115	84	73.6	84	73.6	-	-	30
Without service-connected disability	2,027	1,760	86.8	1,723	85.0	37	2.1	267
Presence of disability not reported	173	147	84.9	142	81.9	5	3.6	26
Gulf War era I
Total	2,504	1,729	69.1	1,673	66.8	56	3.2	774
With service-connected disability	831	493	59.4	479	57.6	15	3.0	338
Less than 30 percent disability rating	143	92	64.7	86	60.7	6	6.3	50
30 to 50 percent disability rating	159	98	61.3	98	61.3	-	-	62
60 percent or higher disability rating	495	272	55.0	263	53.2	9	3.3	223
Disability rating not reported	34	31	-	31	-	-	-	3
Without service-connected disability	1,540	1,156	75.1	1,115	72.4	41	3.6	384
Presence of disability not reported	132	80	60.3	80	60.3	-	-	53
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total	5,364	597	11.1	576	10.7	21	3.5	4,767
With service-connected disability	1,338	98	7.3	98	7.3	-	-	1,240
Less than 30 percent disability rating	301	34	11.4	34	11.4	-	-	266
30 to 50 percent disability rating	235	24	10.1	24	10.1	-	-	211
60 percent or higher disability rating	746	35	4.7	35	4.7	-	-	711
Disability rating not reported	56	5	-	5	-	-	-	51
Without service-connected disability	3,775	493	13.1	472	12.5	21	4.2	3,281
Presence of disability not reported	252	6	2.3	6	2.3	-	-	246
Other service periods
Total	3,358	1,350	40.2	1,318	39.3	32	2.4	2,008
With service-connected disability	481	155	32.3	155	32.2	0	0.3	326
Less than 30 percent disability rating	207	89	43.2	89	42.9	0	0.5	117
30 to 50 percent disability rating	57	17	-	17	-	-	-	41
60 percent or higher disability rating	189	37	19.6	37	19.6	-	-	152
Disability rating not reported	28	13	-	13	-	-	-	15
Without service-connected disability	2,730	1,131	41.4	1,100	40.3	32	2.8	1,599
Presence of disability not reported	147	64	43.3	64	43.3	-	-	83
WOMEN VETERANS
Total	2,051	1,149	56.0	1,054	51.4	95	8.3	902
With service-connected disability	753	405	53.8	368	48.9	37	9.1	348
Less than 30 percent disability rating	97	40	40.8	40	40.8	-	-	57
30 to 50 percent disability rating	139	65	47.0	60	42.8	6	-	74
60 percent or higher disability rating	475	278	58.5	247	52.0	31	11.2	197
Disability rating not reported	43	22	-	22	-	-	-	20
Without service-connected disability	1,209	682	56.4	624	51.6	58	8.5	527
Presence of disability not reported	89	62	70.2	62	70.2	-	-	26
Gulf War era, total
Total	1,403	980	69.8	896	63.9	84	8.5	423
With service-connected disability	623	376	60.4	339	54.5	37	9.8	247
Without service-connected disability	693	542	78.1	495	71.4	47	8.6	152
Presence of disability not reported	87	62	71.7	62	71.7	-	-	24
Gulf War era II
Total	952	703	73.8	645	67.7	58	8.3	249
With service-connected disability	451	321	71.2	290	64.3	31	9.7	130
Without service-connected disability	452	341	75.6	315	69.6	27	7.9	110
Presence of disability not reported	49	40	-	40	-	-	-	9
Gulf War era I
Total	451	277	61.5	252	55.8	25	9.2	174
With service-connected disability	172	55	32.0	49	28.6	6	-	117
Without service-connected disability	242	200	82.8	180	74.6	20	9.9	42
Presence of disability not reported	38	22	-	22	-	-	-	15
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total	237	17	7.3	6	2.4	11	-	220
With service-connected disability	40	-	-	-	-	-	-	40
Without service-connected disability	195	17	8.9	6	3.0	11	-	178
Presence of disability not reported	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	2
Other service periods
Total	411	152	37.0	152	37.0	-	-	259
With service-connected disability	90	29	32.0	29	32.0	-	-	61
Without service-connected disability	321	123	38.5	123	38.5	-	-	198
Presence of disability not reported	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 8. Employed people 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service, and class of worker, August 2024, not seasonally adjusted

Veteran status, presence of disability, and period of service	Total Employed (thousands)	Percent distribution by class of worker
		Total	Agriculture and related industries	Nonagricultural industries
				Total	Wage and salary workers(1)				Self- employed, unincorpo- rated, and unpaid family workers
					Private sector	Government
						Total	Federal	State and local
Veterans, total(2)	8,043	100.0	1.1	98.9	68.0	25.5	12.4	13.1	5.4
With service-connected disability	2,656	100.0	0.9	99.1	56.8	36.5	20.5	16.0	5.8
Without service-connected disability	5,034	100.0	1.3	98.7	73.5	19.8	7.9	12.0	5.3
Gulf War era, total(2)	5,991	100.0	0.4	99.6	66.7	28.5	14.8	13.7	4.5
With service-connected disability	2,374	100.0	0.3	99.7	56.5	37.9	22.2	15.7	5.3
Without service-connected disability	3,333	100.0	0.4	99.6	74.0	21.6	9.0	12.7	4.0
Gulf War era II(2)	4,066	100.0	0.0	100.0	65.2	30.0	15.7	14.3	4.8
With service-connected disability	1,847	100.0	-	100.0	56.3	37.4	21.3	16.2	6.3
Without service-connected disability	2,037	100.0	-	100.0	73.7	22.8	10.1	12.7	3.5
Gulf War era I(2)	1,925	100.0	1.1	98.9	69.9	25.2	12.9	12.4	3.8
With service-connected disability	528	100.0	1.4	98.6	57.0	39.5	25.5	13.9	2.2
Without service-connected disability	1,295	100.0	1.1	98.9	74.4	19.8	7.1	12.7	4.7
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era(2)	582	100.0	9.6	90.4	60.6	14.4	4.0	10.3	15.5
With service-connected disability	98	100.0	16.1	83.9	54.1	19.8	4.3	15.5	10.1
Without service-connected disability	478	100.0	8.4	91.6	61.5	13.4	4.0	9.4	16.7
Other service periods(2)	1,470	100.0	0.9	99.1	76.2	18.0	6.1	11.9	4.9
With service-connected disability	184	100.0	0.2	99.8	63.1	27.6	6.7	20.8	9.1
Without service-connected disability	1,223	100.0	1.0	99.0	77.1	17.5	6.4	11.1	4.4
Nonveterans	151,100	100.0	1.5	98.5	80.1	12.4	2.1	10.3	6.0
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War-era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2024, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and Reserve or National Guard status	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Total	Percent of labor force
VETERANS
Gulf War era, total
Total	8,162	6,233	76.4	5,991	73.4	243	3.9	1,929
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard	2,970	2,241	75.5	2,148	72.3	94	4.2	729
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard	5,075	3,909	77.0	3,764	74.2	145	3.7	1,166
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported	116	83	71.1	79	67.4	4	5.2	34
Gulf War era II
Total	5,207	4,227	81.2	4,066	78.1	161	3.8	980
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard	1,887	1,497	79.3	1,450	76.9	47	3.1	390
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard	3,262	2,679	82.1	2,569	78.8	110	4.1	583
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported	59	51	-	47	-	4	-	8
Gulf War era I
Total	2,955	2,006	67.9	1,925	65.2	81	4.1	948
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard	1,083	745	68.7	698	64.4	47	6.3	339
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard	1,814	1,230	67.8	1,195	65.9	35	2.8	584
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported	58	32	-	32	-	-	-	26
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present) and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2024, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and location	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Percent of population	Employed		Unemployed
				Total	Percent of population	Number	Rate
Total, Gulf War-era II veterans	5,207	4,227	81.2	4,066	78.1	161	3.8	980
Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both(1)	2,080	1,679	80.7	1,595	76.7	84	5.0	401
Served in Iraq(2)	1,562	1,261	80.7	1,218	78.0	43	3.4	301
Served in Afghanistan(3)	1,113	882	79.2	817	73.4	64	7.3	231
Served in both locations(4)	595	463	77.9	440	74.0	23	5.1	131
Served elsewhere	3,127	2,548	81.5	2,471	79.0	77	3.0	579
(1) Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also includes veterans who served in both countries. (2) Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan. (3) Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq. (4) Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).