From September 2013 to December 2013, gross job gains in private sector establishments in Kansas totaled 69,066, while gross job losses numbered 58,856, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 10,210. Regional Commissioner Stanley W. Suchman noted that this is the fifth consecutive quarter where gross job gains have led gross job losses in Kansas.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note for more information.)

Employment gains in Kansas have remained above 60,000 each quarter since June 2010; the December 2013 gain was the largest registered since March 2012. Gross job losses declined in the three months ended in December 2013 after increasing in each of the three previous quarters. (See chart 1.) The 58,856 gross job losses recorded in the fourth quarter of 2013 were the third lowest recorded in Kansas since publication of the series began in 1992.

Gross job gains represented 6.3 percent of private sector employment in Kansas in the quarter ended December 2013, while nationally gross job gains accounted for 6.4 percent of private employment. (See chart 2.) Generally, the rate of gross job gains in Kansas has been below the U.S. rate since March 2009.

During the fourth quarter 2013, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in eight industry sectors in Kansas. For example, within professional and business services, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 2,107. While 13,811 jobs were created by opening and expanding establishments, 11,704 jobs were lost in closing and contracting establishments in the industry in the 3 months ended December 2013. In construction, 8,140 jobs were created in opening and expanding establishments and 6,337 jobs were lost in closing and contracting establishments. (See table 1.)

In contrast, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by less than 300 in two industry sectors. Gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by 274 in financial activities and by 142 in leisure and hospitality.

For More Information

BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. For more information on the Business Employment Dynamics data, visit the BED web site at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 800-877-8339.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), or the ES-202 program. The BED data are compiled from existing quarterly QCEW records. The QCEW reports are sent by the State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs) to BLS and form the basis of the Bureau’s QCEW program and establishment universe sampling frame. These reports are also used to produce the QCEW data on total employment and wages. Other important Bureau uses of the QCEW reports are in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The CES program produces monthly estimates of employment, net changes, and earnings by detailed industry.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding establishments and jobs lost at closing and contracting establishments.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Kansas, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and job losses					Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment
	(3 months ended)					(3 months ended)
	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.	Dec.	Mar.	June	Sept.	Dec.
	2012	2013	2013	2013	2013	2012	2013	2013	2013	2013
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	67,871	61,140	67,481	67,108	69,066	6.3	5.6	6.2	6.1	6.3
At expanding establishments	53,090	49,963	55,451	53,519	56,369	4.9	4.6	5.1	4.9	5.1
At opening establishments	14,781	11,177	12,030	13,589	12,697	1.4	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.2
Gross job losses	58,658	59,438	60,483	62,717	58,856	5.4	5.5	5.5	5.7	5.3
At contracting establishments	47,737	49,683	49,439	51,642	48,525	4.4	4.6	4.5	4.7	4.4
At closing establishments	10,921	9,755	11,044	11,075	10,331	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.9
Net employment change (2)	9,213	1,702	6,998	4,391	10,210	0.9	0.1	0.7	0.4	1.0
Construction
Gross job gains	6,207	6,446	7,029	7,570	8,140	11.3	11.7	12.6	13.3	13.9
At expanding establishments	4,840	5,249	5,531	5,403	6,630	8.8	9.5	9.9	9.5	11.3
At opening establishments	1,367	1,197	1,498	2,167	1,510	2.5	2.2	2.7	3.8	2.6
Gross job losses	6,344	6,046	6,225	5,936	6,337	11.5	10.9	11.1	10.4	10.8
At contracting establishments	4,949	4,863	4,918	4,712	4,993	9.0	8.8	8.8	8.3	8.5
At closing establishments	1,395	1,183	1,307	1,224	1,344	2.5	2.1	2.3	2.1	2.3
Net employment change (2)	-137	400	804	1,634	1,803	-0.2	0.8	1.5	2.9	3.1
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	4,878	4,941	4,880	4,410	5,394	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.7	3.3
At expanding establishments	4,307	4,647	4,503	4,131	4,955	2.6	2.8	2.8	2.5	3.0
At opening establishments	571	294	377	279	439	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3
Gross job losses	5,562	3,816	4,985	4,812	3,929	3.4	2.4	3.0	3.0	2.4
At contracting establishments	5,212	3,532	4,586	4,386	3,511	3.2	2.2	2.8	2.7	2.1
At closing establishments	350	284	399	426	418	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Net employment change (2)	-684	1,125	-105	-402	1,465	-0.5	0.6	0.0	-0.3	0.9
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	3,292	2,682	3,109	4,102	3,528	5.5	4.6	5.3	6.8	5.8
At expanding establishments	2,341	2,225	2,454	3,414	2,784	3.9	3.8	4.2	5.7	4.6
At opening establishments	951	457	655	688	744	1.6	0.8	1.1	1.1	1.2
Gross job losses	2,752	2,956	2,758	2,579	2,698	4.6	5.0	4.7	4.3	4.4
At contracting establishments	2,099	2,113	2,278	2,084	1,957	3.5	3.6	3.9	3.5	3.2
At closing establishments	653	843	480	495	741	1.1	1.4	0.8	0.8	1.2
Net employment change (2)	540	-274	351	1,523	830	0.9	-0.4	0.6	2.5	1.4
Retail trade
Gross job gains	8,760	8,145	8,642	8,873	8,816	6.1	5.7	6.0	6.1	6.1
At expanding establishments	7,424	7,173	7,523	7,454	7,694	5.2	5.0	5.2	5.1	5.3
At opening establishments	1,336	972	1,119	1,419	1,122	0.9	0.7	0.8	1.0	0.8
Gross job losses	8,233	8,052	7,651	8,055	7,881	5.8	5.6	5.3	5.5	5.4
At contracting establishments	7,097	7,391	6,675	7,006	6,971	5.0	5.1	4.6	4.8	4.8
At closing establishments	1,136	661	976	1,049	910	0.8	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.6
Net employment change (2)	527	93	991	818	935	0.3	0.1	0.7	0.6	0.7
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	2,705	2,393	2,363	2,294	3,137	6.4	5.6	5.6	5.5	7.4
At expanding establishments	2,272	1,910	1,903	2,006	2,618	5.4	4.5	4.5	4.8	6.2
At opening establishments	433	483	460	288	519	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.7	1.2
Gross job losses	1,982	2,203	2,587	3,322	2,035	4.7	5.1	6.1	7.9	4.8
At contracting establishments	1,638	1,926	2,245	2,871	1,642	3.9	4.5	5.3	6.8	3.9
At closing establishments	344	277	342	451	393	0.8	0.6	0.8	1.1	0.9
Net employment change (2)	723	190	-224	-1,028	1,102	1.7	0.5	-0.5	-2.4	2.6
Financial activities
Gross job gains	3,896	3,008	4,187	3,309	3,467	5.6	4.3	5.9	4.7	4.9
At expanding establishments	2,844	2,398	3,166	2,694	2,690	4.1	3.4	4.5	3.8	3.8
At opening establishments	1,052	610	1,021	615	777	1.5	0.9	1.4	0.9	1.1
Gross job losses	3,253	3,123	3,098	3,583	3,741	4.6	4.4	4.4	5.0	5.3
At contracting establishments	2,317	2,345	2,446	2,937	2,813	3.3	3.3	3.5	4.1	4.0
At closing establishments	936	778	652	646	928	1.3	1.1	0.9	0.9	1.3
Net employment change (2)	643	-115	1,089	-274	-274	1.0	-0.1	1.5	-0.3	-0.4
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	13,976	12,442	14,141	14,136	13,811	9.0	7.9	8.8	8.7	8.4
At expanding establishments	10,744	10,269	11,859	11,154	10,748	6.9	6.5	7.4	6.9	6.5
At opening establishments	3,232	2,173	2,282	2,982	3,063	2.1	1.4	1.4	1.8	1.9
Gross job losses	10,958	10,873	11,527	11,119	11,704	7.1	6.8	7.2	6.9	7.0
At contracting establishments	8,502	8,932	8,505	8,724	9,669	5.5	5.6	5.3	5.4	5.8
At closing establishments	2,456	1,941	3,022	2,395	2,035	1.6	1.2	1.9	1.5	1.2
Net employment change (2)	3,018	1,569	2,614	3,017	2,107	1.9	1.1	1.6	1.8	1.4
Education and health services
Gross job gains	8,329	6,393	6,877	7,051	7,400	4.6	3.5	3.8	3.8	4.1
At expanding establishments	6,558	5,127	5,668	5,718	6,508	3.6	2.8	3.1	3.1	3.6
At opening establishments	1,771	1,266	1,209	1,333	892	1.0	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.5
Gross job losses	5,705	7,269	6,839	7,703	6,148	3.1	4.0	3.7	4.3	3.4
At contracting establishments	4,956	6,125	6,021	6,499	5,255	2.7	3.4	3.3	3.6	2.9
At closing establishments	749	1,144	818	1,204	893	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.7	0.5
Net employment change (2)	2,624	-876	38	-652	1,252	1.5	-0.5	0.1	-0.5	0.7
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	10,525	10,236	10,444	9,632	9,573	8.8	8.5	8.6	8.0	7.9
At expanding establishments	7,632	7,492	8,118	6,872	7,019	6.4	6.2	6.7	5.7	5.8
At opening establishments	2,893	2,744	2,326	2,760	2,554	2.4	2.3	1.9	2.3	2.1
Gross job losses	8,885	9,575	9,405	10,644	9,715	7.4	7.8	7.7	8.7	8.0
At contracting establishments	7,020	7,817	7,667	8,433	7,894	5.8	6.4	6.3	6.9	6.5
At closing establishments	1,865	1,758	1,738	2,211	1,821	1.6	1.4	1.4	1.8	1.5
Net employment change (2)	1,640	661	1,039	-1,012	-142	1.4	0.7	0.9	-0.7	-0.1
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	2,190	1,871	2,296	2,628	2,572	6.7	5.8	7.2	8.2	7.8
At expanding establishments	1,753	1,518	1,799	2,117	1,937	5.4	4.7	5.6	6.6	5.9
At opening establishments	437	353	497	511	635	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.6	1.9
Gross job losses	2,201	2,371	2,395	2,223	2,151	6.7	7.3	7.5	6.9	6.6
At contracting establishments	1,796	1,937	1,989	1,669	1,718	5.5	6.0	6.2	5.2	5.3
At closing establishments	405	434	406	554	433	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.7	1.3
Net employment change (2)	-11	-500	-99	405	421	0.0	-1.5	-0.3	1.3	1.2
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector, not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Dec. 2012	Mar. 2013	June 2013	Sept. 2013	Dec. 2013	Dec. 2012	Mar. 2013	June 2013	Sept. 2013	Dec. 2013
United States(1)	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.1	6.4	5.8	5.6	5.8	5.8	5.8
Alabama	5.8	6.0	5.9	5.5	6.0	5.5	5.4	5.5	5.6	5.3
Alaska	9.8	10.7	10.6	9.7	10.1	10.1	9.6	10.0	9.8	10.4
Arizona	6.9	6.2	6.2	6.4	6.8	5.8	5.9	6.1	5.5	5.4
Arkansas	6.0	5.7	5.2	5.8	5.7	5.3	5.5	5.8	5.4	5.4
California	7.4	9.0	7.0	6.7	7.3	6.2	5.9	6.4	6.1	6.2
Colorado	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.0	6.9	6.2	6.2	6.1	6.3	6.1
Connecticut	5.4	5.1	5.6	5.3	5.2	5.1	5.2	4.8	5.4	5.3
Delaware	6.8	6.5	6.5	6.5	6.4	5.7	5.9	5.8	6.0	5.8
District of Columbia	6.8	5.7	6.1	5.8	5.4	5.5	5.4	5.6	5.3	5.5
Florida	7.1	6.7	7.1	7.0	7.0	6.3	6.0	6.3	6.2	6.1
Georgia	6.8	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.8	5.9	5.7	6.2	6.0	5.9
Hawaii	5.4	5.1	5.2	5.3	5.3	4.3	4.8	5.2	4.9	4.5
Idaho	7.9	8.1	8.0	7.7	8.3	7.2	7.2	7.5	7.2	7.4
Illinois	5.3	5.5	5.8	5.7	5.9	5.2	5.5	5.3	5.8	5.4
Indiana	5.9	5.6	5.7	5.5	6.1	5.4	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.1
Iowa	5.7	5.8	6.0	5.8	5.9	5.5	5.4	5.4	5.5	5.5
Kansas	6.3	5.6	6.2	6.1	6.3	5.4	5.5	5.5	5.7	5.3
Kentucky	6.5	5.8	5.8	5.8	6.5	5.5	5.8	5.6	5.4	5.3
Louisiana	7.0	6.7	6.2	6.6	6.6	5.9	6.1	6.3	6.0	6.1
Maine	7.0	6.7	8.1	7.3	7.0	7.5	7.0	6.4	7.4	7.4
Maryland	6.4	6.3	6.2	6.2	6.3	6.3	5.8	6.1	6.1	6.3
Massachusetts	5.4	6.2	6.1	5.4	5.4	5.3	4.9	5.0	5.5	5.4
Michigan	6.0	6.0	6.3	5.9	6.1	5.4	5.0	5.8	5.8	5.6
Minnesota	5.9	6.0	6.1	5.5	5.7	5.7	5.2	5.2	5.5	5.7
Mississippi	6.8	5.9	5.8	6.1	6.5	6.1	5.5	6.0	5.8	5.5
Missouri	6.4	6.5	5.9	5.8	6.0	5.6	5.5	5.4	5.7	5.5
Montana	8.3	8.1	8.0	7.7	8.3	7.8	7.4	7.7	7.5	7.4
Nebraska	5.9	6.0	6.0	6.1	6.2	5.2	5.4	5.7	5.6	5.7
Nevada	6.0	6.3	6.6	6.0	6.3	5.7	5.4	5.5	5.7	5.2
New Hampshire	6.5	6.3	6.8	6.0	6.6	6.4	6.1	5.9	6.5	5.8
New Jersey	6.4	6.3	6.6	6.2	6.4	6.2	5.8	5.6	6.0	6.2
New Mexico	7.4	6.2	6.7	6.5	6.7	6.2	6.5	6.8	6.7	6.2
New York	6.4	6.3	6.4	6.4	6.6	6.1	5.9	5.8	6.1	6.0
North Carolina	6.5	6.0	6.3	6.2	6.4	5.9	5.7	5.8	5.8	5.7
North Dakota	8.3	8.3	7.2	8.3	8.2	6.8	6.6	7.9	6.9	6.9
Ohio	6.1	5.9	6.2	5.5	6.0	5.5	5.6	5.3	5.6	5.3
Oklahoma	6.7	6.0	6.1	6.1	6.1	5.6	6.0	5.7	5.6	6.1
Oregon	7.0	7.2	7.1	7.0	6.8	6.6	6.1	6.2	6.2	6.5
Pennsylvania	5.5	5.5	5.3	5.2	5.4	5.1	5.3	5.2	5.2	5.1
Rhode Island	6.3	6.1	6.5	6.2	6.2	6.0	5.8	5.7	6.1	5.7
South Carolina	6.6	5.8	6.3	6.2	6.6	5.4	5.6	5.5	5.6	5.5
South Dakota	6.3	6.3	6.5	6.2	6.9	6.2	6.2	5.8	6.3	6.0
Tennessee	6.1	5.4	5.5	5.4	6.3	5.1	5.1	5.4	5.2	4.7
Texas	6.1	5.9	5.8	5.9	6.1	5.0	5.1	5.0	5.2	5.1
Utah	7.3	7.3	7.0	6.8	7.4	6.1	6.3	6.5	6.2	6.0
Vermont	7.6	7.0	7.3	7.1	7.4	7.1	6.7	7.8	7.4	6.7
Virginia	6.0	5.7	5.6	5.9	5.7	5.6	5.5	5.6	5.9	5.6
Washington	7.1	8.6	7.3	7.0	6.9	6.5	6.2	6.1	6.4	6.3
West Virginia	6.4	6.3	6.1	5.9	6.4	6.5	6.1	6.6	6.4	6.4
Wisconsin	5.7	5.4	5.8	5.5	5.5	5.3	5.2	5.4	5.4	5.2
Wyoming	9.5	8.7	8.5	8.2	9.4	8.4	8.5	9.0	8.1	8.4
Puerto Rico	6.8	5.6	5.9	6.1	6.9	5.9	6.4	6.2	6.6	5.5
Virgin Islands	7.0	5.6	5.0	5.5	5.2	5.6	6.5	6.5	6.8	5.9
Footnotes: (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.