The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) in the Midwest rose 0.2 percent in September, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The monthly increase was largely attributable to a 0.3-percent advance in the all items less food and energy index. Energy costs were 0.2 percent higher while food prices were unchanged over the month. (Data in this report are not seasonally adjusted. Accordingly, month-to-month changes may reflect the impact of seasonal influences.)

The CPI-U for the Midwest advanced 1.1 percent from September 2015 to September 2016. (See chart 1 and table A.) Food prices declined 0.5 percent, and the energy index, which includes motor fuel and household fuels, fell 2.5 percent. Excluding food and energy, the CPI-U rose 1.8 percent over the year. (See table 1.)

Food

Food prices in the Midwest were unchanged in September. The index for food at home registered little movement (-0.1 percent) while costs for food away from home rose 0.2 percent.

From September 2015 to September 2016, the index for food decreased 0.5 percent. Prices for food at home registered their twelfth consecutive over-the-year decrease, down 2.5 percent, and recorded their largest over-the-year decline since publication began in 1977. Costs for food away from home rose 2.5 percent over the year.

Energy

The energy index increased 0.2 percent in September. Higher costs for motor fuel (0.6 percent) and utility (piped) gas service (1.2 percent) were partially offset by lower prices for electricity (-0.8 percent)

Despite the monthly advance, energy prices declined 2.5 percent from September 2015 to September 2016. Lower costs for motor fuel, down 6.9 percent, were largely responsible for the decline in the energy component. Prices for electricity and utility (piped) gas service, up 1.8 and 1.4 percent, respectively, moderated the over-the-year decline.

All items less food and energy

The index for all items less food and energy for the Midwest advanced 0.3 percent in September and had the largest upward impact on the all items index. Expenditure categories registering higher prices over the month included shelter (0.5 percent) and apparel (2.5 percent). In contrast, used cars and trucks (-1.7 percent) and household furnishings and operations (-0.3 percent) were among the expenditure categories posting lower prices over the month.

The index for all items less food and energy was up 1.8 percent from September 2015 to September 2016. A 3.0-percent rise in shelter costs led the advance. Prices for medical care services had the next largest upward impact with a 4.8-percent increase.

The Midwest Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) stood at 227.636 in September 2016. A typical market basket of goods and services that cost $100.00 in the 1982-84 base period cost $227.64 in September 2016.

CPI-W

In September, the Midwest Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) was 221.759, up 0.2 percent over the month. The CPI-W increased 0.7 percent over the year.

Table A. Midwest region CPI-U 1-month and 12-month percent changes, all items index, not seasonally adjusted

Month	2012		2013		2014		2015		2016
	1-month	12-month	1-month	12-month	1-month	12-month	1-month	12-month	1-month	12-month
January	0.6	2.8	0.1	1.3	0.5	1.4	-0.6	-0.3	0.3	0.8
February	0.2	2.7	1.1	2.2	0.6	0.9	0.3	-0.5	0.0	0.4
March	1.0	2.8	0.2	1.4	0.9	1.5	0.6	-0.9	0.6	0.5
April	0.2	2.3	-0.1	1.2	0.3	1.9	0.1	-1.1	0.4	0.8
May	-0.1	1.5	0.5	1.8	0.2	1.6	0.4	-0.8	0.4	0.8
June	-0.1	1.4	0.3	2.2	0.5	1.7	0.5	-0.7	0.6	0.8
July	0.0	1.3	-0.4	1.8	-0.3	1.8	0.0	-0.5	-0.5	0.4
August	0.7	1.8	0.1	1.2	-0.2	1.6	0.0	-0.3	0.1	0.6
September	0.3	1.9	0.1	1.0	0.1	1.6	-0.3	-0.8	0.2	1.1
October	-0.3	2.2	-0.5	0.8	-0.5	1.6	-0.1	-0.3
November	-0.4	1.8	-0.2	1.0	-0.6	1.2	-0.5	-0.2
December	-0.2	1.8	-0.2	1.0	-0.7	0.7	-0.6	0.0

The October 2016 Consumer Price Index for the Midwest region is scheduled to be released on Thursday, November 17, 2016.

Technical Note

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the average change in prices over time in a fixed market basket of goods and services. The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes CPIs for two population groups: (1) a CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) which covers approximately 89 percent of the total population and (2) a CPI for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) which covers approximately 28 percent of the total population. The CPI-U includes, in addition to wage earners and clerical workers, groups such as professional, managerial, and technical workers, the self-employed, short-term workers, the unemployed, and retirees and others not in the labor force.

The CPI is based on prices of food, clothing, shelter, and fuels, transportation fares, charges for doctors' and dentists' services, drugs, and the other goods and services that people buy for day-to-day living. Each month, prices are collected in 87 urban areas across the country from about 6,000 housing units and approximately 24,000 retail establishments--department stores, supermarkets, hospitals, filling stations, and other types of stores and service establishments. All taxes directly associated with the purchase and use of items are included in the index.

The index measures price changes from a designated reference date (1982-84) that equals 100.0. An increase of 16.5 percent, for example, is shown as 116.5. This change can also be expressed in dollars as follows: the price of a base period "market basket" of goods and services in the CPI has risen from $10 in 1982-84 to $11.65. For further details see the CPI home page on the Internet at www.bls.gov/cpi and the BLS Handbook of Methods, Chapter 17, The Consumer Price Index, available on the Internet at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/cpi/.

In calculating the index, price changes for the various items in each location are averaged together with weights that represent their importance in the spending of the appropriate population group. Local data are then combined to obtain a U.S. city average. Because the sample size of a local area is smaller, the local area index is subject to substantially more sampling and other measurement error than the national index. In addition, local indexes are not adjusted for seasonal influences. As a result, local area indexes show greater volatility than the national index, although their long-term trends are quite similar. NOTE: Area indexes do not measure differences in the level of prices between areas; they only measure the average change in prices for each area since the base period.

The Midwest region is comprised of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.

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