
An official website of the United States government
17-602-KAN
Wednesday, May 10, 2017
From June 2016 to September 2016 gross job gains in private sector establishments in Utah totaled 86,072, while gross job losses numbered 75,466, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 10,606. Assistant Commissioner for Regional Operations Stanley W. Suchman noted that gross jobs gains exceeded gross job losses by 4,920 during the previous quarter.
The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note for more information.)
Gross job gains in Utah increased by 7,706 from June 2016 to September 2016 and have been above 70,000 in 15 of the past 16 quarters. Gross job losses also increased for the 3-months ended in September 2016, up 2,020, and were at their highest level since the second quarter of 2009. Despite the increase in the number of gross job losses in this quarter, gross job gains have exceeded gross job losses in each quarter since June 2010. (See chart 1.)
Gross job gains represented 7.4 percent of private sector employment in Utah in the quarter ended September 2016, while nationally gross job gains accounted for 6.4 percent of private sector employment. (See chart 2.) The rate of gross job gains in Utah has been above the U.S. rate in each quarter since data were first published in 1992, with the exception of the fourth quarter of 1997 when Utah’s rate matched the national rate. The rate of gross job losses in Utah has generally exceeded the U.S. rate each quarter since December 1995.
During the third quarter of 2016, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 10 of the 11 industry sectors in Utah. For example, within education and health services, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 3,267. While 10,857 jobs in the industry were created by opening and expanding establishments, 7,590 jobs were lost in closing and contracting establishments in the 3-months ended in September 2016. In professional and business services, 16,613 jobs were created in opening and expanding establishments and 14,396 jobs were lost in closing and contracting establishments. Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by more than 1,000 in two other industry sectors—retail trade (1,175) and manufacturing (1,033). (See table 1.)
Gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in the construction sector during the third quarter of 2016. The 8,943 jobs lost in contracting and closing establishments offset the 8,435 jobs created in expanding and opening establishments.
For More InformationBED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. For more information on the Business Employment Dynamics data, visit the BED web site at www.bls.gov/bdm/.
The Business Employment Dynamics for Fourth Quarter 2016 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, July 26, 2017 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.
In the BED program, the quarterly QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding establishments and jobs lost at closing and contracting establishments.
The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.
Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.
The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:
Openings. These are either establishments with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.
Expansions. These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.
Closings. These are either establishments with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.
Contractions. These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Category | Gross job gains and job losses (3 months ended) | Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sept 2015 | Dec. 2015 | Mar. 2016 | June 2016 | Sept 2016 | Sept 2015 | Dec. 2015 | Mar. 2016 | June 2016 | Sept 2016 | |
Total private (1) | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 78,739 | 81,519 | 84,042 | 78,366 | 86,072 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 7.4 |
At expanding establishments | 64,541 | 66,073 | 69,429 | 65,093 | 68,939 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.9 |
At opening establishments | 14,198 | 15,446 | 14,613 | 13,273 | 17,133 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.5 |
Gross job losses | 67,620 | 68,467 | 68,450 | 73,446 | 75,466 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 6.5 |
At contracting establishments | 54,751 | 54,830 | 56,865 | 61,180 | 61,762 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.3 |
At closing establishments | 12,869 | 13,637 | 11,585 | 12,266 | 13,704 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
Net employment change (2) | 11,119 | 13,052 | 15,592 | 4,920 | 10,606 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.9 |
Construction | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 8,555 | 10,516 | 10,990 | 8,840 | 8,435 | 10.2 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 9.6 | 9.3 |
At expanding establishments | 6,956 | 8,610 | 8,992 | 7,311 | 6,518 | 8.3 | 9.9 | 9.8 | 7.9 | 7.2 |
At opening establishments | 1,599 | 1,906 | 1,998 | 1,529 | 1,917 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 2.1 |
Gross job losses | 7,902 | 6,899 | 7,485 | 9,411 | 8,943 | 9.4 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 10.2 | 9.9 |
At contracting establishments | 6,157 | 5,375 | 5,892 | 7,876 | 7,489 | 7.3 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 8.5 | 8.3 |
At closing establishments | 1,745 | 1,524 | 1,593 | 1,535 | 1,454 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 |
Net employment change (2) | 653 | 3,617 | 3,505 | -571 | -508 | 0.8 | 4.1 | 3.9 | -0.6 | -0.6 |
Manufacturing | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 4,278 | 4,770 | 4,279 | 3,949 | 4,658 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.8 |
At expanding establishments | 3,768 | 4,290 | 3,925 | 3,527 | 4,218 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 3.4 |
At opening establishments | 510 | 480 | 354 | 422 | 440 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Gross job losses | 4,103 | 4,197 | 3,642 | 4,201 | 3,625 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 2.9 |
At contracting establishments | 3,517 | 3,701 | 3,271 | 3,774 | 3,235 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 2.6 |
At closing establishments | 586 | 496 | 371 | 427 | 390 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Net employment change (2) | 175 | 573 | 637 | -252 | 1,033 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.2 | 0.9 |
Wholesale trade | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 2,564 | 2,537 | 2,657 | 2,393 | 2,542 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 5.1 |
At expanding establishments | 2,096 | 1,979 | 2,212 | 1,929 | 2,088 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 4.2 |
At opening establishments | 468 | 558 | 445 | 464 | 454 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
Gross job losses | 2,412 | 2,556 | 2,182 | 2,373 | 2,268 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 4.6 |
At contracting establishments | 1,897 | 1,885 | 1,705 | 1,887 | 1,792 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 3.6 |
At closing establishments | 515 | 671 | 477 | 486 | 476 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Net employment change (2) | 152 | -19 | 475 | 20 | 274 | 0.3 | -0.1 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
Retail trade | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 10,807 | 9,884 | 12,918 | 10,347 | 12,063 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 8.0 | 6.2 | 7.3 |
At expanding establishments | 9,076 | 8,656 | 10,870 | 9,158 | 9,951 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 6.7 | 5.5 | 6.0 |
At opening establishments | 1,731 | 1,228 | 2,048 | 1,189 | 2,112 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.3 |
Gross job losses | 8,789 | 8,915 | 8,243 | 9,951 | 10,888 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 6.6 |
At contracting establishments | 7,398 | 7,546 | 7,190 | 8,876 | 9,277 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 5.3 | 5.6 |
At closing establishments | 1,391 | 1,369 | 1,053 | 1,075 | 1,611 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.0 |
Net employment change (2) | 2,018 | 969 | 4,675 | 396 | 1,175 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 0.7 |
Transportation and warehousing | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 3,074 | 3,574 | 2,826 | 2,808 | 3,136 | 6.2 | 7.1 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 6.1 |
At expanding establishments | 2,658 | 3,154 | 2,451 | 2,449 | 2,600 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 5.1 |
At opening establishments | 416 | 420 | 375 | 359 | 536 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
Gross job losses | 2,196 | 2,284 | 2,989 | 2,381 | 2,609 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 5.9 | 4.7 | 5.1 |
At contracting establishments | 1,834 | 1,933 | 2,586 | 2,027 | 2,217 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 4.3 |
At closing establishments | 362 | 351 | 403 | 354 | 392 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
Net employment change (2) | 878 | 1,290 | -163 | 427 | 527 | 1.8 | 2.5 | -0.4 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Information | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 2,514 | 2,484 | 2,156 | 1,987 | 2,420 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 6.7 |
At expanding establishments | 1,932 | 2,001 | 1,807 | 1,756 | 1,951 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 5.4 |
At opening establishments | 582 | 483 | 349 | 231 | 469 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.3 |
Gross job losses | 1,736 | 1,694 | 1,659 | 1,797 | 1,878 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 5.3 |
At contracting establishments | 1,354 | 1,368 | 1,377 | 1,456 | 1,349 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 3.8 |
At closing establishments | 382 | 326 | 282 | 341 | 529 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
Net employment change (2) | 778 | 790 | 497 | 190 | 542 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 1.4 |
Financial activities | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 4,574 | 4,739 | 4,951 | 4,834 | 5,311 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.5 |
At expanding establishments | 3,669 | 3,461 | 4,025 | 3,741 | 4,003 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 4.9 |
At opening establishments | 905 | 1,278 | 926 | 1,093 | 1,308 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.6 |
Gross job losses | 3,616 | 4,016 | 3,957 | 3,644 | 4,416 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 5.4 |
At contracting establishments | 2,721 | 2,789 | 2,996 | 2,659 | 3,288 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 4.0 |
At closing establishments | 895 | 1,227 | 961 | 985 | 1,128 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.4 |
Net employment change (2) | 958 | 723 | 994 | 1,190 | 895 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.1 |
Professional and business services | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 15,569 | 16,237 | 15,151 | 15,855 | 16,613 | 8.1 | 8.4 | 7.7 | 8.0 | 8.3 |
At expanding establishments | 12,505 | 12,020 | 11,655 | 12,743 | 13,039 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 6.5 |
At opening establishments | 3,064 | 4,217 | 3,496 | 3,112 | 3,574 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.8 |
Gross job losses | 14,643 | 13,538 | 14,241 | 14,802 | 14,396 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 7.2 |
At contracting establishments | 11,273 | 10,596 | 11,354 | 11,545 | 11,663 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 |
At closing establishments | 3,370 | 2,942 | 2,887 | 3,257 | 2,733 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.4 |
Net employment change (2) | 926 | 2,699 | 910 | 1,053 | 2,217 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.1 |
Education and health services | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 9,380 | 8,799 | 8,633 | 9,018 | 10,857 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 6.1 |
At expanding establishments | 7,640 | 6,987 | 7,060 | 7,645 | 8,504 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 4.8 |
At opening establishments | 1,740 | 1,812 | 1,573 | 1,373 | 2,353 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.3 |
Gross job losses | 6,100 | 7,420 | 6,326 | 7,748 | 7,590 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 4.3 |
At contracting establishments | 4,817 | 5,400 | 5,125 | 6,300 | 6,127 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 3.5 |
At closing establishments | 1,283 | 2,020 | 1,201 | 1,448 | 1,463 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Net employment change (2) | 3,280 | 1,379 | 2,307 | 1,270 | 3,267 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 1.8 |
Leisure and hospitality | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 13,691 | 13,934 | 15,553 | 14,193 | 15,327 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 11.3 | 10.2 | 11.0 |
At expanding establishments | 11,384 | 11,718 | 13,523 | 11,788 | 12,431 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 9.8 | 8.5 | 8.9 |
At opening establishments | 2,307 | 2,216 | 2,030 | 2,405 | 2,896 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 2.1 |
Gross job losses | 11,887 | 12,988 | 13,982 | 12,479 | 14,472 | 8.8 | 9.6 | 10.2 | 9.0 | 10.4 |
At contracting establishments | 10,266 | 11,144 | 12,338 | 10,949 | 11,993 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 9.0 | 7.9 | 8.6 |
At closing establishments | 1,621 | 1,844 | 1,644 | 1,530 | 2,479 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.8 |
Net employment change (2) | 1,804 | 946 | 1,571 | 1,714 | 855 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.6 |
Other services (3) | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 2,504 | 2,804 | 2,471 | 2,724 | 2,967 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 7.4 | 8.2 | 8.9 |
At expanding establishments | 1,954 | 2,212 | 1,898 | 2,162 | 2,233 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 5.7 | 6.5 | 6.7 |
At opening establishments | 550 | 592 | 573 | 562 | 734 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.2 |
Gross job losses | 2,554 | 2,342 | 2,215 | 2,522 | 2,705 | 7.8 | 7.1 | 6.6 | 7.5 | 8.1 |
At contracting establishments | 2,091 | 1,801 | 1,773 | 1,976 | 2,114 | 6.4 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 6.3 |
At closing establishments | 463 | 541 | 442 | 546 | 591 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.8 |
Net employment change (2) | -50 | 462 | 256 | 202 | 262 | -0.1 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
Footnotes: |
Category | Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended) | Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sept. 2015 | Dec. 2015 | Mar. 2016 | June 2016 | Sept. 2016 | Sept. 2015 | Dec. 2015 | Mar. 2016 | June 2016 | Sept. 2016 | |
United States(1) | 6.3 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 5.8 |
Alabama | 5.8 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 5.7 |
Alaska | 9.1 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 10.3 | 9.0 | 10.3 | 10.5 | 9.7 | 11.9 | 11.1 |
Arizona | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 5.2 |
Arkansas | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 5.4 |
California | 6.9 | 7.6 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 5.9 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 6.1 |
Colorado | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 6.2 |
Connecticut | 5.1 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.9 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.3 |
Delaware | 6.1 | 7.3 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 6.5 |
District of Columbia | 6.1 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 5.7 |
Florida | 6.9 | 7.2 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 7.4 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.7 |
Georgia | 6.5 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 5.9 |
Hawaii | 5.1 | 5.8 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 6.0 | 5.0 |
Idaho | 7.8 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 7.1 | 7.9 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 7.1 |
Illinois | 5.4 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 5.7 |
Indiana | 5.5 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.1 |
Iowa | 5.7 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 6.1 | 5.8 |
Kansas | 5.7 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 5.6 |
Kentucky | 6.1 | 6.7 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 6.2 |
Louisiana | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 6.5 |
Maine | 6.6 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 7.7 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 7.4 |
Maryland | 6.5 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.0 |
Massachusetts | 5.4 | 5.9 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.5 |
Michigan | 5.4 | 6.1 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.6 |
Minnesota | 5.4 | 6.1 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
Mississippi | 6.2 | 7.1 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 5.6 |
Missouri | 5.7 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
Montana | 7.6 | 8.5 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 8.6 | 7.8 |
Nebraska | 6.0 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 5.9 |
Nevada | 6.2 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.5 |
New Hampshire | 6.1 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 6.3 |
New Jersey | 6.3 | 6.7 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 |
New Mexico | 6.5 | 7.0 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 6.2 |
New York | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.9 |
North Carolina | 6.3 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.8 |
North Dakota | 7.1 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 8.1 | 8.5 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 7.1 |
Ohio | 5.5 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
Oklahoma | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 6.0 |
Oregon | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 6.5 | 6.4 |
Pennsylvania | 5.3 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.1 |
Rhode Island | 5.8 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 6.0 |
South Carolina | 6.1 | 7.1 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 |
South Dakota | 5.9 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.2 |
Tennessee | 5.8 | 6.3 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.2 |
Texas | 5.9 | 6.1 | 4.7 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
Utah | 7.0 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 6.5 |
Vermont | 6.9 | 7.2 | 6.6 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 7.7 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 7.4 |
Virginia | 7.1 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.1 |
Washington | 6.7 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 6.4 |
West Virginia | 5.8 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.6 |
Wisconsin | 5.6 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.5 |
Wyoming | 8.5 | 9.0 | 7.9 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 10.4 | 8.9 |
Puerto Rico | 5.9 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.7 |
Virgin Islands | 6.0 | 7.3 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 7.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 6.5 |
Footnotes |
Last Modified Date: Wednesday, May 10, 2017