The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) in the Midwest rose 0.4 percent in April, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Higher prices for gasoline (5.4 percent) led the increase. Overall, energy costs were up 2.5 percent and prices for food rose 0.5 percent. The index for all items less food and energy increased 0.2 percent over the month. (Data in this report are not seasonally adjusted. Accordingly, month-to-month changes may reflect the impact of seasonal influences.)

The CPI-U for the Midwest advanced 1.8 percent from April 2017 to April 2018. (See chart 1 and table A.) The energy index, which includes motor fuel and household fuels, rose 5.3 percent and food prices increased 1.3 percent. Excluding food and energy, the CPI-U was up 1.6 percent over the year. (See table 1.)

Food

Food prices in the Midwest rose 0.5 percent in April after registering little change (-0.1 percent) in March. Costs for food at home were up 0.9 percent over the month following a decrease of 0.4 percent in the prior month. Prices for food away from home changed little (0.1 percent) in April after rising 0.2 percent in March.

From April 2017 to April 2018, the index for food was 1.3 percent higher. Prices for food away from home rose 2.1 percent and prices for food at home were up 0.8 percent.

Energy

The energy index turned up 2.5 percent in April following a decline of 0.6 percent in March. Higher costs for gasoline (5.4 percent) were largely responsible for the increase. Costs for utility (piped) gas service and electricity declined over the month, down 2.0 and 0.3 percent, respectively.

Energy costs advanced 5.3 percent from April 2017 to April 2018 led by a 10.6-percent increase in gasoline prices. Costs for utility (piped) gas service were 2.0 percent lower over the year and electricity prices declined 0.3 percent.

All items less food and energy

The index for all items less food and energy for the Midwest was up 0.2 percent in April after rising 0.3 percent in each of the prior two months. Higher costs for shelter (0.3 percent) had the largest upward impact on the index. Prices for other goods and services (1.8 percent) were also among those that contributed to the rise.

The index for all items less food and energy was up 1.6 percent from April 2017 to April 2018. Higher costs for shelter (3.1 percent) led the over-the-year increase.

The Midwest Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) stood at 233.913 in April 2018. A typical market basket of goods and services that cost $100.00 in the 1982-84 base period cost $233.91 in April 2018.

CPI-W

In April, the Midwest Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) was 228.153. The CPI-W increased 0.5 percent in April and rose 2.0 percent over the year.

Table A. Midwest region CPI-U 1-month and 12-month percent changes, all items index, not seasonally adjusted

Month	2014		2015		2016		2017		2018
	1-month	12-month	1-month	12-month	1-month	12-month	1-month	12-month	1-month	12-month
January	0.5	1.4	-0.6	-0.3	0.3	0.8	0.7	2.2	0.6	1.6
February	0.6	0.9	0.3	-0.5	0.0	0.4	0.2	2.4	0.2	1.7
March	0.9	1.5	0.6	-0.9	0.6	0.5	0.1	1.9	0.2	1.8
April	0.3	1.9	0.1	-1.1	0.4	0.8	0.4	1.8	0.4	1.8
May	0.2	1.6	0.4	-0.8	0.4	0.8	0.0	1.4
June	0.5	1.7	0.5	-0.7	0.6	0.8	0.0	0.9
July	-0.3	1.8	0.0	-0.5	-0.5	0.4	0.0	1.3
August	-0.2	1.6	0.0	-0.3	0.1	0.6	0.3	1.5
September	0.1	1.6	-0.3	-0.8	0.2	1.1	0.3	1.5
October	-0.5	1.6	-0.1	-0.3	-0.1	1.0	-0.2	1.5
November	-0.6	1.2	-0.5	-0.2	-0.3	1.2	0.2	1.9
December	-0.7	0.7	-0.6	0.0	0.1	1.8	-0.2	1.7

The May 2018 Consumer Price Index for the Midwest region is scheduled to be released on Tuesday, June 12, 2018.

Technical Note

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the average change in prices over time in a fixed market basket of goods and services. The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes CPIs for two population groups: (1) a CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) which covers approximately 93 percent of the total population and (2) a CPI for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) which covers approximately 29 percent of the total population. The CPI-U includes, in addition to wage earners and clerical workers, groups such as professional, managerial, and technical workers, the self-employed, short-term workers, the unemployed, and retirees and others not in the labor force.

The CPI is based on prices of food, clothing, shelter, and fuels, transportation fares, charges for doctors' and dentists' services, drugs, and the other goods and services that people buy for day-to-day living. Each month, prices are collected in 75 urban areas across the country from about 5,000 housing units and approximately 22,000 retail establishments–department stores, supermarkets, hospitals, filling stations, and other types of stores and service establishments. All taxes directly associated with the purchase and use of items are included in the index.

The index measures price changes from a designated reference date (1982-84) that equals 100.0. An increase of 16.5 percent, for example, is shown as 116.5. This change can also be expressed in dollars as follows: the price of a base period "market basket" of goods and services in the CPI has risen from $10 in 1982-84 to $11.65. For further details see the CPI home page on the Internet at www.bls.gov/cpi and the BLS Handbook of Methods, Chapter 17, The Consumer Price Index, available on the Internet at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch17.pdf.

In calculating the index, price changes for the various items in each location are averaged together with weights that represent their importance in the spending of the appropriate population group. Local data are then combined to obtain a U.S. city average. Because the sample size of a local area is smaller, the local area index is subject to substantially more sampling and other measurement error than the national index. In addition, local indexes are not adjusted for seasonal influences. As a result, local area indexes show greater volatility than the national index, although their long-term trends are quite similar. NOTE: Area indexes do not measure differences in the level of prices between cities; they only measure the average change in prices for each area since the base period.

The Midwest region is comprised of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.

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