The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for Miami inched down 0.1 percent over the November-December pricing period, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Janet S. Rankin noted that the energy index decreased 2.6 percent and the food index declined 0.8 percent over the two months. During this same period, the all items less food and energy index edged up 0.3 percent. (Data in this report are not seasonally adjusted. Accordingly, month-to-month changes may reflect the impact of seasonal influences.)

Over the last 12 months, the CPI-U rose 1.6 percent. The index for all items less food and energy advanced 3.2 percent, led by price increases for shelter and medical care. (See chart 1 and table 1.)

Food

Food prices declined 0.8 percent during the November-December pricing period, as prices decreased for both food at home (-1.1 percent) and food away from home (-0.3 percent).

From December 2014 to December 2015, the food index advanced 1.1 percent, led by a 2.8 percent price increase for food away from home. Over the year, prices for food at home inched up 0.1 percent.

Energy

The energy index declined 2.6 percent during the two month pricing period, reflecting a 5.3-percent decrease in motor fuel prices. Prices for electricity inched down 0.1 percent over the two months, while prices for utility (piped) gas service were unchanged.

Over the year, the energy index fell 12.5 percent, largely due to a 20.2-percent drop in prices for motor fuel. Prices also declined over the year for both electricity (-4.2 percent) and utility (piped) gas service (-4.5 percent).

All items less food and energy

The index for all items less food and energy edged up 0.3 percent over the November-December pricing period. Price increases for shelter (1.3 percent) and medical care (0.4 percent) were largely offset by price decreases for apparel (-11.5 percent) and education and communication (-0.2 percent).

Since December 2014, the index for all items less food and energy advanced 3.2 percent. Price increases were noted for several categories, most notably shelter (4.6 percent) and medical care (6.5 percent).

The Consumer Price Index for January 2016 is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 19, 2016.

Technical Note

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the average change in prices over time in a fixed market basket of goods and services. The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes CPIs for two population groups: (1) a CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) which covers approximately 89 percent of the total population and (2) a CPI for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) which covers 28 percent of the total population. The CPI-U includes, in addition to wage earners and clerical workers, groups such as professional, managerial, and technical workers, the self-employed, short-term workers, the unemployed, and retirees and others not in the labor force.

The CPI is based on prices of food, clothing, shelter, and fuels, transportation fares, charges for doctors' and dentists' services, drugs, and the other goods and services that people buy for day-to-day living. Each month, prices are collected in 87 urban areas across the country from about 6,000 housing units and approximately 24,000 retail establishments—department stores, supermarkets, hospitals, filling stations, and other types of stores and service establishments. All taxes directly associated with the purchase and use of items are included in the index.

The index measures price changes from a designated reference date (1982-84) that equals 100.0. An increase of 16.5 percent, for example, is shown as 116.5. This change can also be expressed in dollars as follows: the price of a base period "market basket" of goods and services in the CPI has risen from $10 in 1982-84 to $11.65. For further details see the CPI home page on the Internet at www.bls.gov/cpi and the BLS Handbook of Methods, Chapter 17, The Consumer Price Index, available on the Internet at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch17.pdf.

In calculating the index, price changes for the various items in each location are averaged together with weights that represent their importance in the spending of the appropriate population group. Local data are then combined to obtain a U.S. city average. Because the sample size of a local area is smaller, the local area index is subject to substantially more sampling and other measurement error than the national index. In addition, local indexes are not adjusted for seasonal influences. As a result, local area indexes show greater volatility than the national index, although their long-term trends are quite similar. NOTE: Area indexes do not measure differences in the level of prices between cities; they only measure the average change in prices for each area since the base period.

The Miami-Fort Lauderdale, Fl. consolidated area covered in this release is comprised of Broward and Miami-Dade Counties in Florida.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.