The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the South edged up 0.2 percent in September, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The energy index advanced 1.7 percent since August. The all items less food and energy and the food indexes each inched up 0.1 percent over the month. (Data in this report are not seasonally adjusted. Accordingly, month-to-month changes may reflect the impact of seasonal influences.)

Over the last 12 months, the all items CPI-U rose 1.4 percent. The all items less food and energy index increased 2.1 percent over the year reflecting price increases for several categories, most notably shelter and medical care. (See chart 1.)

Food

Prices for food inched up 0.1 percent in September. Prices for food away from home and for food at home each inched up 0.1 percent over the month.

The food index declined 0.4 percent over the year, reflecting a 2.1 percent decline in the food at home index. The food away from home index was up 1.9 percent from September 2015 to September 2016.

Energy

The energy index advanced 1.7 percent in September, led by a 3.1 percent increase in motor fuel prices. The electricity and the utility (piped) gas service indexes also advanced over the month, up 0.5 and 0.8 percent, respectively.

From September 2015 to September 2016, energy prices decreased 2.0 percent, reflecting price declines for motor fuel (-2.6 percent) and electricity (-2.0 percent). Utility (piped) gas service prices were up 3.8 percent over the year.

All items less food and energy

The all items less food and energy index inched up 0.1 percent in September. Price increases for apparel (2.9 percent) and shelter (0.2 percent) were largely offset by a price decline for recreation (-1.0 percent).

Since September 2015, the all items less food and energy index advanced 2.1 percent, led by increases in several indexes, most notably shelter (2.8 percent) and medical care (5.3 percent).

Table A. South region CPI-U 1-month and 12-month percent changes, all items index, not seasonally adjusted

Month	2012		2013		2014		2015		2016
	1-month	12-month	1-month	12-month	1-month	12-month	1-month	12-month	1-month	12-month
January	0.5	3.2	0.4	1.6	0.3	1.7	-0.7	-0.4	0.0	1.2
February	0.6	3.3	0.9	1.8	0.4	1.2	0.5	-0.3	0.1	0.7
March	0.7	2.8	0.3	1.5	0.6	1.5	0.6	-0.3	0.6	0.7
April	0.4	2.5	-0.2	0.9	0.5	2.3	0.3	-0.6	0.4	0.9
May	-0.4	1.6	0.0	1.3	0.2	2.4	0.4	-0.4	0.4	0.9
June	-0.2	1.7	0.4	1.9	0.2	2.3	0.5	-0.1	0.4	0.8
July	-0.2	1.4	0.2	2.2	-0.1	2.0	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.7
August	0.6	1.6	0.1	1.7	-0.2	1.7	-0.2	-0.2	0.1	1.0
September	0.5	2.1	0.0	1.3	0.1	1.7	-0.2	-0.4	0.2	1.4
October	-0.2	2.1	-0.2	1.3	-0.3	1.6	0.0	-0.1
November	-0.5	1.6	-0.3	1.5	-0.6	1.3	-0.2	0.3
December	-0.1	1.7	0.1	1.8	-0.6	0.6	-0.4	0.5

The Consumer Price Index for October 2016 is scheduled to be released on Thursday, November 17, 2016.

Technical Note

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the average change in prices over time in a fixed market basket of goods and services. The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes CPIs for two population groups: (1) a CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) which covers approximately 89 percent of the total population and (2) a CPI for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) which covers 28 percent of the total population. The CPI-U includes, in addition to wage earners and clerical workers, groups such as professional, managerial, and technical workers, the self-employed, short-term workers, the unemployed, and retirees and others not in the labor force.

The CPI is based on prices of food, clothing, shelter, and fuels, transportation fares, charges for doctors' and dentists' services, drugs, and the other goods and services that people buy for day-to-day living. Each month, prices are collected in 87 urban areas across the country from about 6,000 housing units and approximately 24,000 retail establishments—department stores, supermarkets, hospitals, filling stations, and other types of stores and service establishments. All taxes directly associated with the purchase and use of items are included in the index.

The index measures price changes from a designated reference date (1982-84) that equals 100.0. An increase of 16.5 percent, for example, is shown as 116.5. This change can also be expressed in dollars as follows: the price of a base period "market basket" of goods and services in the CPI has risen from $10 in 1982-84 to $11.65. For further details see the CPI home page on the Internet at www.bls.gov/cpi and the BLS Handbook of Methods, Chapter 17, The Consumer Price Index, available on the Internet at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch17.pdf.

In calculating the index, price changes for the various items in each location are averaged together with weights that represent their importance in the spending of the appropriate population group. Local data are then combined to obtain a U.S. city average. Because the sample size of a local area is smaller, the local area index is subject to substantially more sampling and other measurement error than the national index. In addition, local indexes are not adjusted for seasonal influences. As a result, local area indexes show greater volatility than the national index, although their long-term trends are quite similar. NOTE: Area indexes do not measure differences in the level of prices between cities; they only measure the average change in prices for each area since the base period.

The South region is comprised of Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia.

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