The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the South increased 0.7 percent in April, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The index for all items less food and energy rose 0.5 percent over the month. The energy index increased 2.9 percent in April and the food index rose 0.5 percent. (Data in this report are not seasonally adjusted. Accordingly, month-to-month changes reflect the impact of seasonal influences.)

The all items CPI-U for the South advanced 5.5 percent for the 12 months ending in April, after increasing 5.3-percent for the 12-month period ending in March. The index for all items less food and energy rose 6.3 percent over the past year. The food index also increased over the last 12 months, up 8.1 percent. In contrast, the energy index declined 5.1 percent over the past year. (See chart 1 and table 1.)

  

View Chart Data

 Chart 1. Over-the-year percent change in CPI-U, South region, April 2020–April 2022

Month	All items	All items less food and energy
Apr 2020	-0.2	1.0
May 2020	-0.4	0.8
Jun 2020	0.3	0.8
Jul 2020	0.6	1.2
Aug 2020	1.1	1.6
Sep 2020	1.3	1.8
Oct 2020	1.3	1.8
Nov 2020	1.2	1.6
Dec 2020	1.4	1.7
Jan 2021	1.6	1.8
Feb 2021	2.0	1.6
Mar 2021	2.9	1.9
Apr 2021	4.4	3.3
May 2021	5.6	4.3
Jun 2021	5.8	5.0
Jul 2021	5.8	5.0
Aug 2021	5.6	4.5
Sep 2021	5.8	4.5
Oct 2021	6.6	5.0
Nov 2021	7.2	5.5
Dec 2021	7.4	6.0
Jan 2022	7.8	6.5
Feb 2022	8.4	7.0
Mar 2022	9.1	7.1
Apr 2022	8.8	6.8
May 2022	9.2	6.7
Jun 2022	9.8	6.7
Jul 2022	9.4	6.8
Aug 2022	8.9	7.1
Sep 2022	8.7	7.4
Oct 2022	8.1	7.1
Nov 2022	7.7	6.9
Dec 2022	7.0	6.5
Jan 2023	6.9	6.3
Feb 2023	6.4	6.2
Mar 2023	5.3	6.3
Apr 2023	5.5	6.3

The food index rose 0.5 percent in April, reflecting increases in the food at home (+0.4 percent) and food away from home (+0.5 percent) indexes. Within the food at home category, the index for other food at home rose 1.3 percent in April, and the index for meats, poultry, fish, and eggs increased 1.0 percent.   

The food index advanced 8.1 percent for the 12 months ending in April, led by a 7.9-percent increase in the food at home index as all six major grocery store food group indexes increased over the year. The food away from home index also increased over the past year, up 8.5 percent.  

The energy index rose 2.9 percent in April, reflecting a 6.8-percent increase in the gasoline index. In contrast, the natural gas and electricity indexes declined in April, down 2.8 percent and 0.3 percent, respectively.

The energy index declined 5.1 percent for the 12 months ending in April, largely due to a 12.6-percent decrease in the gasoline index. Over the past year, the natural gas index declined 1.1 percent, while the electricity index increased 8.7 percent.

The index for all items less food and energy rose 0.5 percent in April, primarily reflecting a 0.7-percent increase in the shelter index. Within shelter, owners’ equivalent rent rose 0.7 percent in April, and rent of primary residence rose 0.8 percent. The index for used cars and trucks was also among the notable components to increase in April, up 4.7 percent.

The index for all items less food and energy advanced 6.3 percent for the 12 months ending in April, after increasing 6.3 percent over the 12-month period ending in March. Several components contributed to the 12-month increase, most notably, shelter (+10.0 percent). Within shelter, owner’s equivalent rent increased 10.1 percent over the past year, and rent of primary residence rose 11.6 percent.

Additional price indexes are now available for the three divisions of the South. In April, the all items index rose 0.7 percent each in the South Atlantic and West South Central divisions, and 0.6 in the East South Central division.

Over the year, the all items index advanced 6.0 percent in the South Atlantic division, 5.2 percent in the East South Central division, and 4.8 percent in the West South Central division.

The Consumer Price Index for May 2023 is scheduled to be released on Tuesday, June 13, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

The Consumer Price Index for the South region is published monthly. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the average change in prices over time in a fixed market basket of goods and services. The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes CPIs for two population groups: (1) a CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) which covers approximately 93 percent of the total U.S. population and (2) a CPI for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) which covers approximately 29 percent of the total U.S. population. The CPI-U includes, in addition to wage earners and clerical workers, groups such as professional, managerial, and technical workers, the self-employed, short-term workers, the unemployed, and retirees and others not in the labor force.

The CPI is based on prices of food, clothing, shelter, fuels, transportation fares, charges for doctors' and dentists' services, drugs, and the other goods and services that people buy for day-to-day living. Each month, prices are collected in 75 urban areas across the country from about 6,000 housing units and approximately 22,000 retail establishments—department stores, supermarkets, hospitals, filling stations, and other types of stores and service establishments. All taxes directly associated with the purchase and use of items are included in the index.

The index measures price changes from a designated reference date; for most of the CPI-U the reference base is 1982-84 equals 100. An increase of 7 percent from the reference base, for example, is shown as 107.000.  Alternatively, that relationship can also be expressed as the price of a base period market basket of goods and services rising from $100 to $107. For further details see the CPI home page on the internet at www.bls.gov/cpi and the CPI section of the BLS Handbook of Methods available on the internet at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/cpi.

In calculating the index, price changes for the various items in each location are averaged together with weights that represent their importance in the spending of the appropriate population group. Local data are then combined to obtain a U.S. city average. Because the sample size of a local area is smaller, the local area index is subject to substantially more sampling and other measurement error than the national index. In addition, local indexes are not adjusted for seasonal influences. As a result, local area indexes show greater volatility than the national index, although their long-term trends are quite similar. NOTE: Area indexes do not measure differences in the level of prices between cities; they only measure the average change in prices for each area since the base period.

The South region is comprised of Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia.

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