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Impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on Job Openings and Labor Turnover data for April 2020
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) national estimates of job openings, hires, and separations have been affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This page provides further information on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic for the April 2020 JOLTS News Release.
Although the impact cannot be precisely quantified for April, it is clear that decreasing job openings, hires, and quits, and continuing high levels of layoffs and discharges can be attributed to the effect of the pandemic. More information on the JOLTS methodology can be found in the JOLTS Handbook of Methods chapter.
Collection mode
Data collection for JOLTS was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to the pandemic, JOLTS collected 42 percent of data by phone at the JOLTS data collection center on average. Most phone respondents were asked to report electronically through our data collection website. However, data collection was adversely impacted by the inability to reach some respondents that normally respond by phone.
| Collection mode | 12-month average through February 2020 | March 2020 | April 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Phone |
42% | 19% | 25% |
|
Web |
52% | 75% | 69% |
|
Other |
6% | 6% | 6% |
Response rates
The preliminary JOLTS response rate for April 2020 was 44 percent. In March, the final response rate was 51 percent. In the year prior to the pandemic, the preliminary response rate averaged 54 percent, and the final response rate averaged 58 percent.
In April, JOLTS response rates declined in all industries and size classes. The industry most impacted was mining and logging. The industries least affected were retail trade and finance and insurance.
| Time period | Preliminary Rate | Final Rate |
|---|---|---|
|
12-month average through February 2020 |
54% | 58% |
|
March 2020 |
46% | 51% |
|
April 2020 |
44% | Not available |
Imputation
JOLTS imputation for April resulted in very few cells with more imputation relative to the previous year. The two industries which generally experienced more imputation were retail trade and professional and business services.
Cell, series, index, or observation suppression
JOLTS did not suppress publication cells for April 2020.
Measures of error
Since the JOLTS program uses the median standard error over 5 years, the observed effect of April 2020 on the 5-year median is not likely to be large. JOLTS will not have error measures that include data from the current year until annual processing in March 2021.
Changes to methods
In anticipation of issues due to the pandemic, the JOLTS program reviewed all estimation and methodological procedures. An adjustment has been made to the JOLTS estimation methodology in order to more accurately reflect the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Adjustments were also made to the seasonal adjustment process.
Estimation
BLS modified the JOLTS estimates for April to better reflect the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The estimation process usually includes an alignment of monthly hires minus separations to the over-the-month change in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment estimates. For April estimates, however, BLS suspended the alignment process because the differing reference periods for the CES employment estimates (pay period including the 12th of the month) and the JOLTS hires and separations estimates (the entire reference month) led to substantially different measurement outcomes. Hires and separations during the latter half of April were not included in the CES employment change for April, but were included in the JOLTS data for the month.
The alignment portion of the JOLTS estimation process was designed to correct a long-term divergence between the JOLTS implied employment change and the CES employment change. JOLTS hires minus separations and CES employment change generally approximate one another. Alignment was developed to correct small monthly discrepancies between the two series that build up over time; it was not designed to address a substantial one-month divergence between the two series. The alignment process was suppressed in order to produce the highest quality JOLTS estimates possible in this unique situation.
Seasonal Adjustment
Seasonal adjustment factors can be either multiplicative or additive. A multiplicative seasonal effect is assumed to be proportional to the level of the series. A sudden large increase in the level of the series will be accompanied by a proportionally large seasonal effect. In contrast, an additive seasonal effect is assumed to be unaffected by the level of the series. In times of relative economic stability, the multiplicative option is generally preferred over the additive option. However, in the presence of a large level shift in a time series, multiplicative seasonal adjustment factors can result in systematic over- or under-adjustment of the series; in such cases, additive seasonal adjustment factors are preferred since they tend to more accurately track seasonal fluctuations in the series and have smaller revisions.
In April, most of the JOLTS series will retain the additive designation. In accordance with the survey’s usual practice, the seasonal adjustment models and factors will be reviewed at the end of the calendar year, when 5 years of seasonally adjusted estimates will be subject to revision.
Questions and answers specific to April
- How are people who were laid off counted by JOLTS? The reference periods of the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) are the pay period that includes the 12th of the month for employment, the last business day of the month for job openings, and the entire calendar month for hires and separations. The JOLTS program does not estimate employment, but does collect employment during the collection process to validate reported job openings, hires, and separations. Employees who are laid off from their job at any time during the month are reported in the layoff and discharges measure, and in total separations. See the JOLTS frequently asked questions for detailed information on the data definitions.
- How did the April estimates compare with the monthly estimates for past JOLTS data? While April estimates still reflected the impact of the pandemic, the March over-the-month declines were the largest in the series for all JOLTS data elements.
| Industry and region | April 2020 | Last time level was lower/higher | Last time monthly change was smaller/larger (or next closest change) | Last time monthly percent change was smaller/larger (or next closest change) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level | Monthly Change | Monthly percent change | Date | Level | Date | Monthly Change | Date | Monthly percent change | |
|
Industry |
|||||||||
|
Total nonfarm |
5,046 | -965 | -16.1 | Dec 2014 | 4,981 | Mar 2020 | -993 | Nov 2004 | -15.4 |
|
Total private |
4,401 | -883 | -16.7 | Nov 2014 | 4,270 | Mar 2020 | -952 | Nov 2004 | -16.1 |
|
Mining and logging |
10 | -2 | -16.7 | Mar 2016 | 8 | Mar 2020 | -14 | Mar 2020 | -53.8 |
|
Construction |
256 | 16 | 6.7 | Feb 2020 | 296 | Feb 2020 | 29 | Feb 2020 | 10.9 |
|
Manufacturing |
311 | 1 | 0.3 | Mar 2020 | 310 | Feb 2020 | 14 | Feb 2020 | 3.4 |
|
Durable goods |
161 | -17 | -9.6 | Feb 2016 | 160 | Mar 2020 | -91 | Mar 2020 | -33.8 |
|
Nondurable goods |
150 | 18 | 13.6 | Feb 2020 | 153 | Sep 2019 | 20 | Feb 2019 | 18.7 |
|
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
882 | -187 | -17.5 | Dec 2014 | 870 | Nov 2019 | -201 | Aug 2015 | -17.6 |
|
Wholesale trade |
150 | -6 | -3.8 | Oct 2017 | 146 | Mar 2020 | -27 | Mar 2020 | -14.8 |
|
Retail trade |
513 | -113 | -18.1 | Nov 2014 | 508 | Nov 2019 | -125 | Aug 2015 | -19.7 |
|
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
219 | -67 | -23.4 | Dec 2017 | 218 | Dec 2019 | -87 | Dec 2019 | -26.3 |
|
Information |
122 | 3 | 2.5 | Mar 2020 | 119 | Jan 2020 | 6 | Jan 2020 | 4.1 |
|
Financial activities |
252 | -84 | -25 | Feb 2014 | 251 | Apr 2018 | -93 | Nov 2014 | -26.3 |
|
Finance and insurance |
185 | -77 | -29.4 | Jan 2014 | 164 | Apr 2018 | -104 | Apr 2018 | -32.3 |
|
Real estate and rental and leasing |
67 | -8 | -10.7 | Dec 2018 | 61 | Mar 2020 | -19 | Mar 2020 | -20.2 |
|
Professional and business services |
883 | -309 | -25.9 | May 2014 | 857 | Apr 2016 | -415 | Apr 2016 | -27.9 |
|
Education and health services |
1,076 | -117 | -9.8 | Aug 2016 | 1,053 | Feb 2019 | -174 | Feb 2019 | -12.6 |
|
Educational services |
104 | -2 | -1.9 | Dec 2018 | 92 | Mar 2020 | -15 | Mar 2020 | -12.4 |
|
Health care and social assistance |
972 | -115 | -10.6 | Aug 2016 | 966 | Feb 2019 | -149 | Feb 2019 | -11.9 |
|
Leisure and hospitality |
454 | -210 | -31.6 | Sep 2012 | 422 | Mar 2020 | -286 | Jan 2009 | -30.7 |
|
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
27 | -103 | -79.2 | Jan 2010 | 22 | Apr 2001 | -77 | Apr 2001 | -61.1 |
|
Accommodation and food services |
427 | -107 | -20 | May 2013 | 422 | Mar 2020 | -281 | Mar 2020 | -34.5 |
|
Other services |
156 | 9 | 6.1 | Mar 2020 | 147 | Jan 2020 | 14 | Dec 2019 | 35.1 |
|
Government |
645 | -82 | -11.3 | Dec 2018 | 616 | Sep 2018 | -123 | Sep 2018 | -16.8 |
|
Federal |
114 | -17 | -13 | Jan 2020 | 113 | Dec 2019 | -29 | Dec 2019 | -24.8 |
|
State and local |
531 | -65 | -10.9 | Dec 2018 | 518 | Sep 2018 | -80 | Sep 2018 | -13.2 |
|
State and local government education |
192 | -23 | -10.7 | Jul 2018 | 190 | Mar 2020 | -37 | Mar 2020 | -14.7 |
|
State and local government, excluding education |
339 | -42 | -11 | Dec 2018 | 293 | Sep 2018 | -66 | Sep 2018 | -17.1 |
|
Region |
|||||||||
|
Northeast |
968 | -134 | -12.2 | Apr 2016 | 964 | Mar 2020 | -135 | Jul 2009 | -20.5 |
|
South |
1,816 | -435 | -19.3 | Nov 2014 | 1,814 | Mar 2020 | -338 | Nov 2004 | -17.5 |
|
Midwest |
1,078 | -208 | -16.2 | Nov 2014 | 1,054 | Mar 2020 | -270 | Mar 2020 | -17.4 |
|
West |
1,183 | -190 | -13.8 | Jun 2015 | 1,167 | Mar 2020 | -248 | Mar 2020 | -15.3 |
| Industry and region | April 2020 | Last time level was lower/higher | Last time monthly change was smaller/larger (or next closest change) | Last time monthly percent change was smaller/larger (or next closest change) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level | Monthly Change | Monthly percent change | Date | Level | Date | Monthly Change | Date | Monthly percent change | |
|
Industry |
|||||||||
|
Total nonfarm |
3,524 | -1,587 | -31.1 | Jun 2009 | 3,639 | Mar 2020 | -753 | Mar 2020 | -12.8 |
|
Total private |
3,305 | -1,439 | -30.3 | Jun 2009 | 3,375 | Mar 2020 | -745 | Mar 2020 | -13.6 |
|
Mining and logging |
11 | -8 | -42.1 | May 2009 | 11 | Jun 2012 | -9 | May 2006 | -45.7 |
|
Construction |
193 | -196 | -50.4 | Aug 2009 | 264 | Feb 2007 | -117 | Feb 2007 | -26.5 |
|
Manufacturing |
305 | 6 | 2.0 | Feb 2020 | 334 | Feb 2020 | 23 | Feb 2020 | 7.4 |
|
Durable goods |
144 | -15 | -9.4 | Aug 2016 | 142 | Mar 2020 | -37 | Mar 2020 | -18.9 |
|
Nondurable goods |
161 | 21 | 15.0 | Mar 2019 | 165 | Sep 2014 | 24 | Sep 2014 | 23.3 |
|
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
993 | -144 | -12.7 | Jan 2014 | 945 | Jun 2001 | -202 | Mar 2013 | -14.3 |
|
Wholesale trade |
124 | -12 | -8.8 | Dec 2016 | 122 | Mar 2020 | -17 | Mar 2020 | -11.1 |
|
Retail trade |
688 | -76 | -9.9 | Sep 2017 | 667 | Jul 2017 | -84 | Jul 2017 | -11.1 |
|
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
181 | -56 | -23.6 | Jan 2016 | 161 | Jan 2011 | -52 | Jan 2011 | -32.1 |
|
Information |
34 | -40 | -54.1 | Jul 2011 | 46 | Feb 2001 | -36 | Mar 2013 | -41.2 |
|
Financial activities |
136 | -82 | -37.6 | Apr 2011 | 126 | Oct 2008 | -54 | Apr 2009 | -27.0 |
|
Finance and insurance |
104 | -47 | -31.1 | Feb 2015 | 101 | Sep 2001 | -56 | Apr 2009 | -40.4 |
|
Real estate and rental and leasing |
33 | -34 | -50.7 | Apr 2011 | 43 | Dec 2014 | -24 | Apr 2011 | -31.7 |
|
Professional and business services |
681 | -422 | -38.3 | Aug 2009 | 665 | Feb 2001 | -201 | Jan 2009 | -21.0 |
|
Education and health services |
519 | -144 | -21.7 | Aug 2014 | 515 | Jun 2013 | -101 | Jun 2013 | -17.4 |
|
Educational services |
67 | -25 | -27.2 | Jun 2013 | 60 | Jan 2016 | -26 | Sep 2013 | -32.1 |
|
Health care and social assistance |
452 | -119 | -20.8 | Aug 2014 | 435 | Mar 2020 | -96 | Jan 2011 | -15.7 |
|
Leisure and hospitality |
321 | -352 | -52.3 | Feb 2010 | 613 | Mar 2020 | -418 | Mar 2020 | -38.3 |
|
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
22 | -105 | -82.7 | Mar 2009 | 73 | Sep 2008 | -46 | Sep 2008 | -29.1 |
|
Accommodation and food services |
299 | -247 | -45.2 | Jun 2010 | 508 | Mar 2020 | -377 | Mar 2020 | -40.8 |
|
Other services |
112 | -56 | -33.3 | Nov 2008 | 107 | Nov 2008 | -74 | Nov 2008 | -40.9 |
|
Government |
219 | -148 | -40.3 | Feb 2011 | 227 | Jun 2010 | -457 | Jun 2010 | -62.2 |
|
Federal |
45 | -13 | -22.4 | Dec 2019 | 43 | Sep 2019 | -27 | Sep 2019 | -39.1 |
|
State and local |
174 | -135 | -43.7 | Feb 2011 | 199 | Oct 2006 | -79 | Aug 2003 | -25.0 |
|
State and local government education |
97 | -56 | -36.6 | Jul 2011 | 83 | Oct 2016 | -61 | Jul 2011 | -50.3 |
|
State and local government, excluding education |
77 | -79 | -50.6 | Jun 2010 | 86 | Sep 2001 | -51 | Sep 2001 | -28.5 |
|
Region |
|||||||||
|
Northeast |
479 | -390 | -44.9 | Nov 2008 | 622 | Nov 2017 | -153 | Nov 2008 | -16.3 |
|
South |
1,368 | -630 | -31.5 | Jun 2009 | 1,318 | Mar 2020 | -323 | Mar 2020 | -13.9 |
|
Midwest |
894 | -203 | -18.5 | Feb 2013 | 892 | Feb 2001 | -211 | Feb 2003 | -15.5 |
|
West |
783 | -364 | -31.7 | Jun 2009 | 814 | Mar 2020 | -205 | Mar 2020 | -15.2 |
| Industry and region | April 2020 | Last time level was lower/higher | Last time monthly change was smaller/larger (or next closest change) | Last time monthly percent change was smaller/larger (or next closest change) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level | Monthly Change | Monthly percent change | Date | Level | Date | Monthly Change | Date | Monthly percent change | |
|
Industry |
|||||||||
|
Total nonfarm |
9,888 | -4,755 | -32.5 | Feb 2020 | 5,595 | Feb 2001 | -747 | Feb 2001 | -12.6 |
|
Total private |
9,467 | -4,776 | -33.5 | Feb 2020 | 5,244 | Feb 2001 | -757 | Feb 2001 | -13.5 |
|
Mining and logging |
69 | 27 | 64.3 | Mar 2016 | 45 | Mar 2020 | 22 | Mar 2020 | 110.0 |
|
Construction |
791 | 35 | 4.6 | Mar 2020 | 756 | Mar 2020 | 397 | Mar 2020 | 110.6 |
|
Manufacturing |
706 | -98 | -12.2 | Feb 2020 | 318 | Apr 2006 | -67 | Nov 2014 | -15.5 |
|
Durable goods |
477 | 3 | 0.6 | Mar 2020 | 474 | Mar 2020 | 291 | Mar 2020 | 159.0 |
|
Nondurable goods |
229 | -100 | -30.4 | Feb 2020 | 135 | Jul 2008 | -38 | Jul 2008 | -23.6 |
|
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
1,838 | -570 | -23.7 | Feb 2020 | 1,221 | Feb 2001 | -225 | Feb 2001 | -17.1 |
|
Wholesale trade |
261 | 9 | 3.6 | Mar 2020 | 252 | Mar 2020 | 97 | Mar 2020 | 62.6 |
|
Retail trade |
1,194 | -460 | -27.8 | Feb 2020 | 812 | Feb 2001 | -194 | Feb 2001 | -20.3 |
|
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
383 | -119 | -23.7 | Feb 2020 | 254 | Jan 2010 | -64 | Jan 2010 | -35.6 |
|
Information |
149 | 42 | 39.3 | Jul 2001 | 152 | Apr 2001 | 65 | Aug 2013 | 39.3 |
|
Financial activities |
339 | -11 | -3.1 | Feb 2020 | 210 | Oct 2019 | -16 | Feb 2020 | -3.2 |
|
Finance and insurance |
111 | -58 | -34.3 | Jul 2016 | 108 | Sep 2007 | -45 | Aug 2011 | -29.2 |
|
Real estate and rental and leasing |
228 | 47 | 26.0 | Mar 2020 | 181 | Mar 2020 | 121 | Mar 2020 | 201.7 |
|
Professional and business services |
1,241 | -473 | -27.6 | Feb 2020 | 1,073 | Feb 2001 | -241 | Feb 2001 | -20.3 |
|
Education and health services |
1,423 | -324 | -18.5 | Feb 2020 | 699 | May 2009 | -80 | May 2009 | -16.5 |
|
Educational services |
290 | -37 | -11.3 | Feb 2020 | 93 | Feb 2012 | -35 | Jan 2020 | -14.4 |
|
Health care and social assistance |
1,133 | -287 | -20.2 | Feb 2020 | 606 | May 2009 | -76 | May 2009 | -18.6 |
|
Leisure and hospitality |
2,033 | -3,312 | -62.0 | Feb 2020 | 1,036 | Feb 2001 | -190 | Feb 2001 | -19.3 |
|
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
288 | -311 | -51.9 | Feb 2020 | 157 | Aug 2010 | -64 | Aug 2010 | -36.2 |
|
Accommodation and food services |
1,745 | -3,001 | -63.2 | Feb 2020 | 880 | Feb 2001 | -185 | Feb 2001 | -21.6 |
|
Other services |
879 | -90 | -9.3 | Feb 2020 | 220 | Jun 2005 | -79 | Jan 2020 | -22.7 |
|
Government |
421 | 21 | 5.3 | Aug 2010 | 425 | Mar 2020 | 49 | Mar 2020 | 14.0 |
|
Federal |
36 | -3 | -7.7 | Jun 2019 | 33 | Jan 2020 | -7 | Jan 2020 | -15.6 |
|
State and local |
384 | 23 | 6.4 | Mar 2020 | 361 | Mar 2020 | 50 | Mar 2020 | 16.1 |
|
State and local government education |
158 | -22 | -12.2 | Feb 2020 | 155 | Dec 2018 | -23 | Dec 2018 | -12.5 |
|
State and local government, excluding education |
227 | 46 | 25.4 | May 2017 | 184 | Aug 2001 | 56 | Dec 2011 | 31.6 |
|
Region |
|||||||||
|
Northeast |
1,897 | -910 | -32.4 | Feb 2020 | 888 | Nov 2006 | -180 | Apr 2010 | -20.0 |
|
South |
3,325 | -1,653 | -33.2 | Feb 2020 | 2,097 | Oct 2019 | -220 | May 2009 | -10.4 |
|
Midwest |
2,212 | -1,423 | -39.1 | Feb 2020 | 1,293 | Feb 2001 | -175 | Feb 2011 | -14.9 |
|
West |
2,454 | -768 | -23.8 | Feb 2020 | 1,317 | Feb 2001 | -302 | May 2009 | -23.9 |
| Industry and region | April 2020 | Last time level was lower/higher | Last time monthly change was smaller/larger (or next closest change) | Last time monthly percent change was smaller/larger (or next closest change) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level | Monthly Change | Monthly percent change | Date | Level | Date | Monthly Change | Date | Monthly percent change | |
|
Industry |
|||||||||
|
Total nonfarm |
7,716 | -3,773 | -32.8 | Feb 2020 | 1,846 | May 2009 | -423 | Feb 2001 | -17.2 |
|
Total private |
7,500 | -3,816 | -33.7 | Feb 2020 | 1,752 | May 2009 | -473 | May 2009 | -18.7 |
|
Mining and logging |
61 | 29 | 90.6 | Mar 2020 | 32 | Mar 2020 | 26 | Mar 2020 | 433.3 |
|
Construction |
689 | 85 | 14.1 | Mar 2020 | 604 | Mar 2020 | 402 | Mar 2020 | 199.0 |
|
Manufacturing |
587 | -45 | -7.1 | Feb 2020 | 113 | May 2009 | -45 | Nov 2019 | -16.7 |
|
Durable goods |
420 | 46 | 12.3 | Mar 2020 | 374 | Mar 2020 | 311 | Mar 2020 | 493.7 |
|
Nondurable goods |
167 | -90 | -35.0 | Feb 2020 | 49 | Mar 2002 | -37 | Feb 2017 | -35.4 |
|
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
1,372 | -358 | -20.7 | Feb 2020 | 363 | Feb 2001 | -222 | Jul 2017 | -20.8 |
|
Wholesale trade |
204 | 50 | 32.5 | Mar 2020 | 154 | Mar 2020 | 107 | Mar 2020 | 227.7 |
|
Retail trade |
888 | -338 | -27.6 | Feb 2020 | 224 | Feb 2001 | -206 | Dec 2011 | -29.5 |
|
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
281 | -69 | -19.7 | Feb 2020 | 91 | Jan 2010 | -64 | Feb 2018 | -22.2 |
|
Information |
117 | 53 | 82.8 | Mar 2020 | 64 | Mar 2020 | 32 | Mar 2020 | 100.0 |
|
Financial activities |
257 | 29 | 12.7 | Mar 2020 | 228 | Mar 2020 | 161 | Mar 2020 | 240.3 |
|
Finance and insurance |
57 | -20 | -26.0 | Feb 2020 | 42 | Jan 2015 | -27 | Oct 2019 | -28.0 |
|
Real estate and rental and leasing |
200 | 49 | 32.5 | Mar 2020 | 151 | Mar 2020 | 126 | Mar 2020 | 504.0 |
|
Professional and business services |
800 | -286 | -26.3 | Feb 2020 | 392 | Apr 2001 | -168 | May 2009 | -26.4 |
|
Education and health services |
1,036 | -238 | -18.7 | Feb 2020 | 167 | May 2009 | -74 | Apr 2018 | -22.1 |
|
Educational services |
246 | -26 | -9.6 | Feb 2020 | 30 | Feb 2012 | -32 | Jan 2020 | -15.4 |
|
Health care and social assistance |
790 | -211 | -21.1 | Feb 2020 | 136 | Sep 2017 | -73 | Aug 2019 | -27.9 |
|
Leisure and hospitality |
1,759 | -3,024 | -63.2 | Feb 2020 | 318 | Jun 2003 | -147 | Oct 2013 | -40.4 |
|
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
259 | -286 | -52.5 | Feb 2020 | 77 | Aug 2010 | -69 | May 2002 | -53.3 |
|
Accommodation and food services |
1,500 | -2,738 | -64.6 | Feb 2020 | 240 | Oct 2013 | -121 | Oct 2013 | -45.7 |
|
Other services |
822 | -62 | -7.0 | Feb 2020 | 93 | May 2006 | -72 | Jan 2020 | -7.7 |
|
Government |
216 | 43 | 24.9 | Aug 2010 | 240 | Mar 2020 | 78 | Mar 2020 | 82.1 |
|
Federal |
11 | 2 | 22.2 | Nov 2019 | 12 | Oct 2019 | 16 | Oct 2019 | 160.0 |
|
State and local |
205 | 41 | 25.0 | Mar 2020 | 164 | Mar 2020 | 78 | Mar 2020 | 90.7 |
|
State and local government education |
69 | -10 | -12.7 | Feb 2020 | 42 | Mar 2019 | -13 | Aug 2019 | -14.9 |
|
State and local government, excluding education |
136 | 51 | 60.0 | Mar 2020 | 85 | Jul 2002 | 42 | Mar 2020 | 93.2 |
|
Region |
|||||||||
|
Northeast |
1,554 | -794 | -33.8 | Feb 2020 | 348 | Nov 2006 | -181 | Apr 2010 | -37.1 |
|
South |
2,466 | -1,281 | -34.2 | Feb 2020 | 624 | Oct 2007 | -196 | Oct 2019 | -22.2 |
|
Midwest |
1,713 | -1,185 | -40.9 | Feb 2020 | 440 | Apr 2016 | -145 | Apr 2016 | -29.4 |
|
West |
1,982 | -514 | -20.6 | Feb 2020 | 435 | May 2009 | -201 | Jun 2019 | -26.9 |
| Industry and region | April 2020 | Last time level was lower/higher | Last time monthly change was smaller/larger (or next closest change) | Last time monthly percent change was smaller/larger (or next closest change) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level | Monthly Change | Monthly percent change | Date | Level | Date | Monthly Change | Date | Monthly percent change | |
|
Industry |
|||||||||
|
Total nonfarm |
1,786 | -1,003 | -36.0 | Jan 2010 | 1,744 | Mar 2020 | -647 | Mar 2020 | -18.8 |
|
Total private |
1,643 | -976 | -37.3 | Jan 2010 | 1,640 | Mar 2020 | -626 | Mar 2020 | -19.3 |
|
Mining and logging |
6 | -3 | -33.3 | Sep 2009 | 5 | May 2019 | -4 | Feb 2016 | -38.1 |
|
Construction |
80 | -50 | -38.5 | Dec 2013 | 78 | Mar 2019 | -48 | Aug 2009 | -39.1 |
|
Manufacturing |
98 | -52 | -34.7 | Mar 2013 | 97 | Feb 2001 | -42 | Mar 2010 | -18.1 |
|
Durable goods |
43 | -43 | -50.0 | May 2010 | 41 | Aug 2013 | -29 | Aug 2013 | -36.7 |
|
Nondurable goods |
54 | -10 | -15.6 | Jul 2015 | 52 | Mar 2020 | -11 | Feb 2019 | -17.3 |
|
Trade, transportation, and utilities |
413 | -194 | -32.0 | Nov 2011 | 398 | Mar 2020 | -187 | Mar 2020 | -23.6 |
|
Wholesale trade |
46 | -47 | -50.5 | Dec 2013 | 44 | May 2016 | -29 | Dec 2009 | -37.3 |
|
Retail trade |
282 | -104 | -26.9 | Jan 2011 | 248 | Mar 2020 | -160 | Mar 2020 | -29.3 |
|
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities |
85 | -44 | -34.1 | Aug 2016 | 81 | Feb 2005 | -48 | Feb 2005 | -45.7 |
|
Information |
27 | -8 | -22.9 | Oct 2013 | 20 | Mar 2020 | -15 | Mar 2020 | -30.0 |
|
Financial activities |
59 | -34 | -36.6 | Jun 2009 | 55 | Mar 2016 | -35 | May 2003 | -36.6 |
|
Finance and insurance |
41 | -29 | -41.4 | Jan 2014 | 37 | Mar 2016 | -44 | Mar 2016 | -45.8 |
|
Real estate and rental and leasing |
17 | -6 | -26.1 | Dec 2016 | 16 | Mar 2020 | -12 | Mar 2020 | -34.3 |
|
Professional and business services |
345 | -216 | -38.5 | Oct 2012 | 319 | Feb 2002 | -132 | Dec 2011 | -27.4 |
|
Education and health services |
319 | -107 | -25.1 | Aug 2014 | 297 | May 2008 | -74 | May 2008 | -22.1 |
|
Educational services |
38 | -12 | -24.0 | Jun 2018 | 36 | Jun 2018 | -19 | Jun 2018 | -34.5 |
|
Health care and social assistance |
281 | -95 | -25.3 | Aug 2014 | 258 | May 2008 | -83 | May 2008 | -27.0 |
|
Leisure and hospitality |
259 | -275 | -51.5 | Sep 2009 | 300 | Mar 2020 | -165 | Sep 2007 | -25.8 |
|
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
26 | -26 | -50.0 | Sep 2009 | 15 | Nov 2005 | -28 | Sep 2009 | -53.1 |
|
Accommodation and food services |
234 | -249 | -51.6 | Sep 2009 | 285 | Sep 2007 | -147 | Sep 2007 | -27.2 |
|
Other services |
37 | -37 | -50.0 | Aug 2009 | 61 | Mar 2020 | -51 | Apr 2006 | -45.7 |
|
Government |
143 | -27 | -15.9 | Dec 2014 | 141 | Jul 2016 | -32 | Jul 2016 | -16.7 |
|
Federal |
15 | -2 | -11.8 | Jun 2019 | 14 | Jan 2020 | -4 | Jan 2020 | -17.4 |
|
State and local |
128 | -24 | -15.8 | Nov 2014 | 125 | Jul 2016 | -32 | Jul 2016 | -17.9 |
|
State and local government education |
66 | -13 | -16.5 | Jul 2016 | 59 | Jan 2020 | -15 | Jul 2016 | -36.6 |
|
State and local government, excluding education |
62 | -11 | -15.1 | Sep 2015 | 57 | Jul 2018 | -14 | Jul 2018 | -15.6 |
|
Region |
|||||||||
|
Northeast |
269 | -135 | -33.4 | Jan 2011 | 264 | Feb 2002 | -99 | Aug 2008 | -21.7 |
|
South |
732 | -366 | -33.3 | Jan 2011 | 696 | Mar 2020 | -249 | Mar 2020 | -18.5 |
|
Midwest |
399 | -255 | -39.0 | Feb 2010 | 398 | Mar 2020 | -129 | Mar 2020 | -16.5 |
|
West |
386 | -247 | -39.0 | Dec 2010 | 375 | Mar 2020 | -179 | Mar 2020 | -22.0 |
Last Modified Date: June 9, 2020
