For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, June 19, 2019	           USDL-19-1003

Technical information:	(202) 691-6339  *  atusinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/tus
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                        AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY -- 2018 RESULTS


In 2018, 89 percent of full-time employed persons worked on an average
weekday, compared with 31 percent on an average weekend day, the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Full-time employed persons
averaged 8.5 hours of work time on weekdays they worked, and 5.4 hours
on weekend days they worked. Multiple jobholders were more likely to
work on an average weekend day than were single jobholders--56 percent,
compared with 28 percent.

These and other results from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) were
released today. These data include the average amount of time per day
in 2018 that individuals worked, did household activities, and engaged
in leisure and sports activities. Additionally, measures of the average
time per day spent providing childcare--both as a primary (or main)
activity and while doing other things--for the combined years 2014-18
are provided. For a detailed description of ATUS data and methodology,
see the Technical Note.

Working (by Employed Persons) in 2018

   --Many more full-time employed persons worked on weekdays than on
     weekend days: 89 percent worked on an average weekday, compared
     with 31 percent on an average weekend day. (See table 4.)

   --Multiple jobholders were more likely to work on an average
     weekday than were single jobholders--90 percent, compared with
     82 percent. They were also more likely to work on an average
     weekend day--56 percent, compared with 28 percent. (See table
     4.)

   --On days they worked, 82 percent of employed persons did some
     or all of their work at their workplace and 24 percent did some
     or all of their work at home. Employed persons spent more time
     working at the workplace than at home--7.9 hours, compared with
     2.9 hours. (See table 6.)

   --Among workers age 25 and over, those with an advanced degree
     were more likely to work at home than were persons with lower
     levels of educational attainment--42 percent of those with an
     advanced degree performed some work at home on days worked,
     compared with 12 percent of those with a high school diploma
     and no college. Workers with an advanced degree also were more
     likely to work on an average day than were those with only a
     high school diploma--74 percent, compared with 65 percent. (See
     table 6.)

   --On days they worked in 2003, 19 percent of employed workers
     spent some time working while at home. The share of employed
     workers performing work at home rose to 24 percent in 2009,
     and remained relatively flat from 2009 to 2018. (See table 6.)

   --On the days they worked, employed men worked 34 minutes more
     than employed women. This difference partly reflects women's
     greater likelihood of working part time. However, even among
     full-time workers (those usually working 35 hours or more per
     week), men worked more per day than women--8.2 hours, compared
     with 7.9 hours. (See table 4.)

Household Activities in 2018

   --On an average day, 84 percent of women and 69 percent of men
     spent some time doing household activities, such as housework,
     cooking, lawn care, or household management. (See table 1.)

   --On the days they did household activities, women spent an average
     of 2.6 hours on these activities, while men spent 2.0 hours. (See
     table 1.)

   --On an average day, 20 percent of men did housework--such as 
     cleaning or laundry--compared with 49 percent of women. Forty-
     six percent of men did food preparation or cleanup, compared
     with 69 percent of women. Men were slightly more likely to
     engage in lawn and garden care than were women--11 percent,
     compared with 7 percent. (See table 1.)

   --From 2003 to 2018, the share of men doing food preparation and
     cleanup on an average day increased from 35 percent to 46 percent.
     (See table 1.)

Leisure Activities in 2018

   --On an average day, nearly everyone age 15 and over (96 percent)
     engaged in some sort of leisure activity, such as watching TV,
     socializing, or exercising. Men spent 49 minutes per day more in
     these activities than did women (5.7 hours, compared with 4.9
     hours). (See table 1.)

   --On average, adults age 75 and over spent 7.8 hours engaged in
     leisure activities per day--more than any other age group; 25-
     to 44-year-olds spent a little over 4.0 hours engaged in leisure
     and sports activities per day--less than other age groups. (See
     table 11A.) 

   --Watching TV was the leisure activity that occupied the most time
     (2.8 hours per day), accounting for just over half of all leisure
     time, on average. (See table 11A.)

   --Socializing and communicating, such as visiting with friends
     or attending or hosting social events, accounted for an average
     of 38 minutes per day, and was the next most common leisure
     activity after watching TV. Individuals spent about twice as
     much time socializing on weekend days (59 minutes) as on
     weekdays (29 minutes). (See tables 11A and 11B.)

   --Time spent reading for personal interest varied greatly by age.
     Individuals age 75 and over averaged 48 minutes of reading per
     day whereas individuals ages 15 to 54 read on average 10 minutes
     or less per day. (See table 11A.)

   --On average, persons ages 15 to 24 spent the most time playing
     games or using a computer for leisure--about one hour per day.
     (See table 11A.)

   --Men were more likely than women to participate in sports,
     exercise, or recreation on any given day--21 percent, compared
     with 17 percent. On days that they participated, men also
     spent more time doing these activities than did women--1.7
     hours, compared with 1.3 hours. (See table 1.)

Care of Household Children for the period 2014-18

   --Adults living in households with children under age 6 spent
     an average of 2.1 hours per day providing primary childcare
     to household children. Adults living in households where the
     youngest child was between the ages of 6 and 17 spent less
     than half as much time providing primary childcare to household
     children--50 minutes per day. Primary childcare is childcare
     that is done as a main activity, such as providing physical
     care or reading to children. (See table 9.)

   --On an average day, among adults living in households with
     children under age 6, women spent 1.1 hours providing physical
     care (such as bathing or feeding a child) to household children;
     by contrast, men spent 26 minutes providing physical care.
     (See table 9.)

   --Among adults living with children under age 6, those who were
     not employed spent over an hour more per day caring for and
     helping household children than did employed adults--2.8 hours
     versus 1.7 hours. (See tables 8B and 8C.)

   --Adults living in households with at least one child under age
     6 spent an average of 5.4 hours per day providing secondary
     childcare--that is, they had at least one child in their care
     while doing activities other than primary childcare. Secondary
     childcare provided by adults living in households with children
     under age 6 was most commonly provided while doing leisure
     activities (2.0 hours) or household activities (1.4 hours).
     (See table 10.)

   --Adults living in households with children under age 6 spent
     more time providing primary childcare on an average weekday
     (2.2 hours) than on an average weekend day (2.0 hours). However,
     they spent less time providing secondary childcare on weekdays
     than on weekend days--4.4 hours, compared with 7.6 hours. (See
     tables 9 and 10.)

Additional Data 

ATUS 2018 data files are available for users to do their own tabulations and
analyses. In accordance with BLS and Census Bureau policies that protect the
privacy of survey respondents, identifying information does not appear on the
data files. The 2018 data files are available on the BLS website at 
www.bls.gov/tus/data.htm.

Technical Note

   The estimates in this news release are based on annual average data from the
American Time Use Survey (ATUS). The ATUS, which is conducted by the U.S. Census
Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is a continuous survey about
how individuals age 15 and over spend their time.

   Information in this news release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service:
(800) 877-8339.

Survey methodology

   Data collection for the ATUS began in January 2003. Sample cases for the
survey are selected monthly, and interviews are conducted continuously
throughout the year. In 2018, approximately 9,600 individuals were
interviewed. Estimates are released annually.

   ATUS sample households are chosen from the households that completed their
eighth (final) interview for the Current Population Survey (CPS), the nation's
monthly household labor force survey. ATUS sample households are selected to
ensure that estimates will be nationally representative.

   One individual age 15 or over is randomly chosen from each sampled
household. This "designated person" is interviewed by telephone once about
his or her activities on the day before the interview--the "diary day."

   All ATUS interviews are conducted using Computer Assisted Telephone 
Interviewing. Procedures are in place to collect information from the small
number of households that did not provide a telephone number during the CPS
interview.

   ATUS designated persons are preassigned a day of the week about which to
report. Preassignment is designed to reduce variability in response rates
across the week and to allow oversampling of weekend days so that accurate
weekend day measures can be developed. Interviews occur on the day following
the assigned day. For example, a person assigned to report about a Monday
would be contacted on the following Tuesday. Ten percent of designated
persons are assigned to report about each of the five weekdays. Twenty-five
percent are assigned to report about each weekend day. Households are called
for up to 8 consecutive weeks (for example, 8 Tuesdays) in order to secure
an interview.

About the questionnaire

   In the time diary portion of the ATUS interview, survey respondents
sequentially report activities they did between 4 a.m. on the day before the
interview until 4 a.m. on the day of the interview. For each activity, 
respondents are asked how long the activity lasted. For activities other
than personal care activities (such as sleeping and grooming), interviewers
also ask respondents where they were and who was in the room with them (if
at home) or who accompanied them (if away from home). If respondents report
doing more than one activity at a time, they are asked to identify which
one was the "main" (primary) activity. If none can be identified, then the
interviewer records the first activity mentioned. After completing the time
diary, interviewers ask respondents additional questions to clearly identify
work, volunteering, eldercare, and secondary childcare activities. Secondary
childcare is defined as having a child under age 13 in one’s care while doing
other activities.

   In addition, the ATUS includes an update of the household composition from
the last CPS interview (2 to 5 months prior to the ATUS interview), the labor
force status of the respondent, and the employment status of his or her spouse
or unmarried partner. For respondents who became employed or changed jobs
between the last CPS interview and the ATUS interview, information also is
collected on industry, occupation, class of worker, and earnings. Finally, a
question about current school enrollment status is asked of all respondents
ages 15 to 49.

   After completing the interview, primary activity descriptions are assigned
a single 6-digit code using the ATUS Coding Lexicon. The 3-tier coding system
consists of 17 major activity categories, each with multiple second- and
third-tier subcategories. These coding lexicon categories are then combined
into composite categories for publication, such as in this news release.
Descriptions of categories shown in this release can be found in the Major
activity category definitions section of this Technical Note. The ATUS Coding
Lexicon can be accessed at www.bls.gov/tus/lexicons.htm.

   Because of the complexity of coding everyday activities into narrowly-
defined lexicon categories, coders use a comprehensive set of rules to guide
their decisions. In order to capture useful and detailed information, travel
activities are coded according to the purpose of travel. For more information
about coding travel, see Exhibit 5.1 of the ATUS User's guide at
www.bls.gov/tus/atususersguide.pdf.

Concepts and definitions

   Average day. The average day measure reflects an average distribution across
all persons in the reference population and all days of the week. The ATUS
collects data about daily activities from all segments of the population age 15
and over, including persons who are employed and not employed. Activity profiles
differ based upon age, employment status, sex, and other characteristics. For
example, in 2018, persons in the United States age 15 and over spent 3.2 hours
per day working. By comparison, on an average weekday they worked, full-time
employed persons spent 8.5 hours working. Many activities typically are not done
on a daily basis, and some activities only are done by a subset of the population.

   Average hours per day. The average number of hours spent in a 24-hour day
(between 4 a.m. on the diary day and 4 a.m. on the interview day) doing a
specified activity.

   --Average hours per day, population. The average number of hours per day is
     computed using all responses from a given sample of the population,
     including those of respondents who did not do a particular activity on
     their diary day. These estimates reflect how many persons engaged in an
     activity and the amount of time they spent doing it.

   --Average hours per day, persons who did the activity. The average number of
     hours per day is computed using only responses from those who engaged in a
     particular activity on their diary day.

   Diary day. The diary day is the day about which the respondent reports. For
example, the diary day of a respondent interviewed on Tuesday is the preceding
Monday.

Earnings

   --Usual weekly earnings. Estimates represent the earnings of full-time wage
     and salary workers with one job only (both incorporated and unincorporated
     self-employed are excluded), before taxes and other deductions. They 
     include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received. Usual
     weekly earnings are updated in the ATUS for just over one-third of wage
     and salary workers--if the respondent changed jobs or employment status
     between the CPS and ATUS interviews, or if the CPS weekly earnings value
     was imputed. This means that the earnings information could be out of
     date because the CPS interview was done 2 to 5 months prior to the ATUS
     interview. Respondents are asked to identify the easiest way for them to
     report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, annually, or
     other) and how much they usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings
     reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent.
     The term "usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks
     for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term
     as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.

   --Weekly earnings ranges. The ranges used represent approximately 25 percent
     of full-time wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated
     self-employed are excluded) who held only one job. For example, 25 percent
     of full-time wage and salary workers with one job only had weekly earnings
     of $630 or less in 2018. These dollar values vary from year to year.

Employment status

   --Employed. All persons who:

     1) At any time during the 7 days prior to the interview did any work at all
        as paid employees, or worked in their own business or profession or on
        their own farm; or

     2) Were not working during the 7 days prior to the interview but had jobs
        or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of illness,
        bad weather, vacation, childcare problems, labor-management disputes,
        maternity or paternity leave, job training, or other family or personal
        reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time off or were seeking
        other jobs; or

     3) Usually worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a family-operated
        enterprise.

   --Employed full time. Full-time workers are those who usually worked 35 or
     more hours per week at all jobs combined.

   --Employed part time. Part-time workers are those who usually worked fewer
     than 35 hours per week at all jobs combined.

   --Not employed. Persons are not employed if they do not meet the conditions
     for employment. Those who are not employed include individuals classified
     as unemployed as well as those classified as not in the labor force (using
     CPS definitions).

   The numbers of employed and not employed persons in this release do not
correspond to published totals from the CPS for several reasons. First, the
reference population for the ATUS is age 15 years and over, whereas it is age
16 years and over for the CPS. Second, ATUS data are collected continuously,
the employment reference period being the 7 days prior to the interview. By
contrast, CPS data are usually collected during the week including the 19th
of the month and generally refer to employment during the week containing the
12th of the month. Finally, the CPS accepts answers from household members
about other household members whereas such proxy responses are not allowed in
the ATUS. One consequence of the difference in proxy reporting is that a
significantly higher proportion of teenagers report employment in the ATUS
than in the CPS. While the information on employment from the ATUS is useful
for assessing work in the context of other daily activities, the employment
data are not intended for analysis of current employment trends. Compared with
the CPS and other estimates of employment, the ATUS estimates are based on a
much smaller sample and are only available with a substantial lag since ATUS
data and estimates are published during the year following data collection.

   Household children. Household children are children under age 18 residing
in the household of the ATUS respondent. The children may be related to the
respondent (such as his or her own children, grandchildren, nieces or nephews,
or brothers or sisters) or not related (such as foster children or children
of roommates or boarders).

   Primary activity. A primary activity is the main activity a respondent was
doing at a specified time. With the exception of secondary childcare in
table 10, the estimates presented in this release reflect time spent in
primary activities only.

   Secondary activities. A secondary (or simultaneous) activity is an activity
done at the same time as a primary activity. With the exception of the care of
children under age 13, information on secondary activities is not collected in
the ATUS.

   Secondary childcare. Secondary childcare is care for children under age 13
that is done while doing an activity other than primary childcare, such as
cooking dinner. Secondary childcare estimates are derived by summing the
durations of activities during which respondents had at least one child under
age 13 in their care while doing other things. The time individuals spend
providing secondary childcare is further restricted to the time between when
the first household child under age 13 woke up and when the last household
child under age 13 went to bed. It is also restricted to times the respondent
was awake. If respondents report providing both primary and secondary care at
the same time, the time is attributed to primary care only.

   Weekday, weekend, and holiday estimates. Estimates for weekdays are an
average of reports about Monday through Friday, excluding holidays. Estimates
for weekend days and holidays are an average of reports about Saturdays,
Sundays, and the following holidays:  New Year's Day, Easter, Memorial Day,
the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. Data
were not collected about Christmas Day in 2014 and 2016, and New Year’s Day
in 2017.

Major activity category definitions

   The following definitions describe the activity categories shown in this
report. All major time-use categories in this release include related travel
time and waiting time. For example, time spent "driving to the stadium" and
time spent "waiting to get into the stadium to play ball" are included in
Leisure and sports.

   Personal care activities. Personal care activities include sleeping, grooming
(such as bathing or dressing), health-related self-care, and personal or private
activities. Receiving unpaid personal care from others (for example, "my sister
put polish on my nails") also is captured in this category. In general, respondents
are not asked who they were with or where they were for personal care activities,
as such information can be sensitive.

   Eating and drinking. All time spent eating or drinking (except eating and
drinking done as part of a work or volunteer activity), whether alone, with
others, at home, at a place of purchase, or somewhere else, is classified here.

   Household activities. Household activities are activities done by individuals
to maintain their households. These include housework; cooking; lawn and garden
care; pet care; vehicle maintenance and repair; home maintenance, repair,
decoration, and renovation; and household management and organizational activities
(such as filling out paperwork or planning a party). Food preparation, whether
or not reported as done specifically for another household member, is always
classified as a household activity unless it was done as a volunteer, work, or
income-generating activity. For example, "making breakfast for my son" is coded
as a household activity, not as childcare.

   Purchasing goods and services. This category includes time spent purchasing
consumer goods, professional and personal care services, household services,
and government services. Consumer purchases include most purchases and rentals
of consumer goods, regardless of the mode or place of purchase or rental (in
person, online, via telephone, at home, or in a store). Gasoline, grocery,
other food purchases, and all other shopping are further broken out in
subcategories.

   Time spent obtaining, receiving, and purchasing professional and personal
care services provided by someone else also is classified in this category.
Professional services include childcare, financial services and banking, legal
services, medical and adult care services, real estate services, and veterinary
services. Personal care services include day spas, hair salons and barbershops,
nail salons, and tanning salons. Activities classified here include time spent
paying, meeting with, or talking to service providers, as well as time spent
receiving the service or waiting to receive the service.

   Time spent arranging for and purchasing household services provided by someone
else also is classified here. Household services include housecleaning; cooking;
lawn care and landscaping; pet care; tailoring, laundering, and dry cleaning;
vehicle maintenance and repairs; and home repairs, maintenance, and construction.

   This category also captures the time spent obtaining government services--
such as applying for food assistance--and purchasing government-required licenses
or paying fines or fees.

   Caring for and helping household members. Time spent doing activities to
care for or help any child (under age 18) or adult in the household, regardless
of relationship to the respondent or the physical or mental health status of
the person being helped, is classified here. Caring for and helping activities
for household children and adults are coded separately in subcategories.

   Primary childcare activities include time spent providing physical care;
playing with children; reading with children; assistance with homework;
attending children's events; taking care of children's health needs; and
dropping off, picking up, and waiting for children. Passive childcare done
as a primary activity (such as "keeping an eye on my son while he swam in the
pool") also is included. A child's presence during the activity is not enough
in itself to classify the activity as childcare. For example, "watching
television with my child" is coded as a leisure activity, not as childcare.

   Secondary childcare occurs when persons have a child under age 13 "in their
care" while doing activities other than primary childcare. For a complete
definition, see the Concepts and definitions section of this Technical Note.

   Caring for and helping household members also includes a range of activities
done to benefit adult members of households, such as providing physical and
medical care or obtaining medical services. Doing something as a favor for or
helping another household adult does not automatically result in classification
as a helping activity. For example, a report of "helping my spouse cook dinner"
is considered a household activity (food preparation), not a helping activity,
because cooking dinner benefits the household as a whole. By contrast, doing
paperwork for another person usually benefits the individual, so a report of
"filling out an insurance application for my spouse" is considered a helping
activity.

   Caring for and helping nonhousehold members. This category includes time
spent in activities done to care for or help others--both children (under
age 18) and adult--who do not live in the household. When done for or through
an organization, time spent helping nonhousehold members is classified as
volunteering, rather than as helping nonhousehold members. Care of nonhousehold
children, even when done as a favor or helping activity for another adult, is
always classified as caring for and helping nonhousehold children, not as
helping another adult.

   Working and work-related activities. This category includes time spent
working, doing activities as part of one's job, engaging in income-generating
activities not as part of one's job, and job search activities. "Working"
includes hours spent doing the specific tasks required of one's main or
other job, regardless of location or time of day. "Work-related activities"
include activities that are not obviously work but are done as part of one's
job, such as having a business lunch and playing golf with clients. "Other
income-generating activities" are those done "on the side" or under informal
arrangement and are not part of a regular job. Such activities might include
selling homemade crafts, maintaining a rental property, or having a yard sale.
These activities are those for which individuals are paid or will be paid.

   Travel time related to working and work-related activities includes time
spent traveling to and from work, as well as time spent traveling for work-
related, income-generating, and job search activities.

   Educational activities. Time spent taking classes for a degree or for
personal interest (including taking internet or other distance-learning
courses), time spent doing research and homework, and time spent taking
care of administrative tasks related to education (such as registering for
classes or obtaining a school ID) are included in this category. For high
school students, before- and after-school extracurricular activities (except
sports) also are classified as educational activities. Educational activities
do not include time spent for classes or training received as part of a job.
Time spent helping others with their education-related activities is classified
as an activity involving caring for and helping others.

   Organizational, civic, and religious activities. This category captures time
spent volunteering for or through an organization, performing civic obligations,
and participating in religious and spiritual activities. Civic obligations
include government-required duties, such as serving jury duty or appearing in
court, and activities that assist or influence government processes, such as
voting or attending town hall meetings. Religious activities include those
normally associated with membership in or identification with specific religions
or denominations, such as attending religious services; participating in choirs,
youth groups, orchestras, or unpaid teaching (unless identified as volunteer
activities); and engaging in personal religious practices, such as praying.

   Leisure and sports. The leisure and sports category includes time spent in
sports, exercise, and recreation; socializing and communicating; and other
leisure activities. Sports, exercise, and recreation activities include
participating in--as well as attending or watching--sports, exercise, and
recreational activities. Recreational activities include yard games like
croquet or horseshoes, as well as activities like billiards and dancing.
Socializing and communicating includes face-to-face social communication and
hosting or attending social functions. Leisure activities include watching
television; reading; relaxing or thinking; playing computer, board, or card
games; using a computer or the internet for personal interest; playing or
listening to music; and other activities, such as attending arts, cultural,
and entertainment events.

   Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail. This category captures time spent in
telephone communication and household or personal mail or e-mail. This category
also includes texting and internet voice and video calling. Telephone and
internet purchases are classified in Purchasing goods and services. Telephone
calls, mail, or e-mail identified as related to work or volunteering are
classified as work or volunteering.

   Other activities, not elsewhere classified. This residual category includes
security procedures related to traveling, traveling not associated with a
specific activity category, ambiguous activities that could not be coded, and
missing activities. Missing activities result when respondents did not remember
what they did for a period of time, or when they considered an activity too
private or personal to report.

Processing and estimation

   After ATUS data are collected, they go through an editing and imputation
procedure. Responses to CPS questions that are re-asked in the ATUS go through
the regular CPS edit and imputation procedures. Some item nonresponses for
questions unique to the ATUS (such as where an activity took place or how much
time was spent doing secondary childcare) also are imputed. Missing activities
and missing values for who was present during an activity are never imputed.

   ATUS records are weighted quarterly to reduce bias in the estimates due to
differences in sampling and response rates across subpopulations and days of
the week. Specifically, the data are weighted to ensure the following:

   --Weekdays represent about 5/7 of the weighted data, and weekend days
     represent about 2/7 of the weighted data for the population as a
     whole. The actual proportions depend on the number of weekdays and
     weekend days in a given quarter.

   --The sum of the weights is equal to the number of person-days in the
     quarter for the population as a whole and for selected subpopulations.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the ATUS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, estimates
differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this
difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling
error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.

   Sample estimates from a given survey design are unbiased when an average of
the estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true
population value. In this case, the sample estimate and its standard error can
be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values that
include the true population value with known probabilities. If the process of
selecting a sample from the population were repeated many times, an estimate
made from each sample, and a suitable estimate of its standard error calculated
for each sample, then approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.645
standard errors below the estimate to 1.645 standard errors above the estimate
would include the true population value. BLS analyses are generally conducted
at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   The ATUS data also are affected by nonsampling error, which is the average
difference between population and sample values for samples generated by a given
process. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including failure to
sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all
persons in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide
correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data. Errors also could occur if nonresponse is correlated with time use.

Publication requirements

   Estimates of average hours per day and participation rates are not published
unless there are a minimum number of respondents representing the given population.
Additional publication criteria are applied that include the number of respondents
who reported doing a specified activity and the standard error or coefficient of
variation for the estimate. Estimates that are considered "close to zero" or
that round to 0.00, are published as approximately zero or "~0." For a detailed
description of the statistical reliability criteria necessary for publication,
please contact ATUS staff at ATUSinfo@bls.gov.

Table 1. Time spent in primary activities and percent of the civilian population engaging in each activity, averages per day
by sex, 2018 annual averages

Activity	Average hours per day, civilian population			Average percent engaged in the activity per day			Average hours per day for persons who engaged in the activity
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Total, all activities(1)	24.00	24.00	24.00	-	-	-	-	-	-
Personal care activities	9.58	9.35	9.78	100.0	100.0	100.0	9.58	9.36	9.78
Sleeping(2)	8.82	8.75	8.87	99.9	99.9	99.9	8.82	8.76	8.88
Eating and drinking	1.19	1.23	1.15	95.6	95.6	95.6	1.24	1.28	1.21
Household activities	1.78	1.36	2.17	76.7	68.5	84.4	2.32	1.99	2.57
Housework	0.55	0.24	0.83	34.8	20.2	48.5	1.57	1.20	1.71
Food preparation and cleanup	0.59	0.37	0.80	57.6	45.9	68.6	1.02	0.80	1.17
Lawn and garden care	0.18	0.25	0.11	8.8	11.0	6.8	2.02	2.28	1.61
Household management	0.14	0.12	0.16	19.1	15.6	22.4	0.73	0.75	0.71
Purchasing goods and services	0.72	0.61	0.82	43.6	40.2	46.9	1.65	1.52	1.76
Consumer goods purchases	0.33	0.25	0.41	39.7	36.6	42.7	0.84	0.69	0.96
Professional and personal care services	0.09	0.08	0.10	7.4	5.8	9.0	1.24	1.40	1.15
Caring for and helping household members	0.51	0.32	0.70	24.1	19.2	28.7	2.14	1.67	2.43
Caring for and helping household children	0.39	0.22	0.54	19.1	14.9	23.0	2.02	1.51	2.34
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	0.21	0.19	0.24	11.4	9.7	12.9	1.89	1.97	1.83
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults	0.07	0.08	0.07	7.2	6.4	8.0	1.00	1.24	0.82
Working and work-related activities	3.57	4.16	3.02	44.1	49.7	38.9	8.09	8.37	7.75
Working	3.23	3.75	2.75	42.5	47.6	37.6	7.61	7.87	7.30
Educational activities	0.46	0.49	0.43	7.9	7.9	7.8	5.83	6.20	5.47
Attending class	0.25	0.28	0.22	4.9	5.2	4.6	5.08	5.28	4.86
Homework and research	0.17	0.18	0.17	5.9	5.8	6.1	2.95	3.06	2.84
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	0.30	0.26	0.35	14.1	11.4	16.7	2.16	2.30	2.07
Religious and spiritual activities	0.14	0.11	0.17	9.8	7.5	11.9	1.44	1.47	1.42
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)	0.13	0.12	0.14	5.7	5.1	6.3	2.25	2.29	2.21
Leisure and sports	5.27	5.69	4.87	95.6	96.2	94.9	5.51	5.91	5.13
Socializing and communicating	0.64	0.59	0.69	35.0	32.3	37.6	1.83	1.83	1.82
Watching television	2.84	3.09	2.61	78.4	79.1	77.7	3.63	3.91	3.36
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.29	0.36	0.23	19.1	21.1	17.2	1.51	1.68	1.31
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	0.15	0.09	0.20	19.2	14.8	23.4	0.76	0.62	0.84
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.26	0.24	0.28	21.0	19.6	22.3	1.24	1.24	1.24
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Includes naps and spells of sleeplessness.
- Not applicable. NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.

Table 2. Time spent in primary activities and percent of the civilian population engaging in each
activity, averages per day on weekdays and weekends, 2018 annual averages

Activity	Average hours per day, civilian population		Average percent engaged in the activity per day		Average hours per day for persons who engaged in the activity
	Weekdays	Weekends and holidays	Weekdays	Weekends and holidays	Weekdays	Weekends and holidays
Total, all activities(1)	24.00	24.00	-	-	-	-
Personal care activities	9.32	10.18	100.0	100.0	9.32	10.18
Sleeping(2)	8.54	9.46	99.9	100.0	8.55	9.46
Eating and drinking	1.12	1.35	95.7	95.3	1.17	1.42
Household activities	1.63	2.13	76.1	78.2	2.14	2.73
Housework	0.49	0.68	32.8	39.5	1.49	1.73
Food preparation and cleanup	0.55	0.67	57.8	57.2	0.96	1.18
Lawn and garden care	0.16	0.22	8.4	10.0	1.92	2.21
Household management	0.13	0.16	19.1	19.2	0.69	0.82
Purchasing goods and services	0.67	0.84	43.0	45.2	1.56	1.86
Consumer goods purchases	0.27	0.48	38.0	43.8	0.72	1.09
Professional and personal care services	0.12	0.04	9.1	3.6	1.27	1.08
Caring for and helping household members	0.53	0.47	25.1	21.6	2.13	2.16
Caring for and helping household children	0.39	0.38	19.9	17.1	1.95	2.22
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	0.20	0.24	11.1	12.0	1.83	2.03
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults	0.06	0.09	7.0	7.6	0.91	1.19
Working and work-related activities	4.61	1.14	54.2	20.4	8.49	5.61
Working	4.18	1.02	52.3	19.4	7.98	5.26
Educational activities	0.58	0.17	9.1	4.9	6.37	3.47
Attending class	0.35	0.01	6.7	0.7	5.20	2.21
Homework and research	0.19	0.15	6.7	4.2	2.79	3.55
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	0.23	0.49	12.2	18.6	1.85	2.63
Religious and spiritual activities	0.08	0.28	7.5	15.0	1.05	1.89
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)	0.12	0.14	5.7	5.6	2.14	2.50
Leisure and sports	4.72	6.56	95.3	96.3	4.95	6.81
Socializing and communicating	0.49	0.98	33.0	39.8	1.50	2.47
Watching television	2.61	3.40	78.2	78.8	3.33	4.32
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.27	0.34	19.6	17.9	1.36	1.89
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	0.15	0.13	20.4	16.5	0.75	0.80
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.25	0.30	21.3	20.2	1.15	1.47
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Includes naps and spells of sleeplessness.
- Not applicable. NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.

Table 3. Time spent in primary activities for the civilian population by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, marital status, and
educational attainment, 2018 annual averages

Characteristic	Average hours per day spent in primary activities(1)
	Personal care activities	Eating and drinking	Household activities	Purchasing goods and services	Caring for and helping household members	Caring for and helping non- household members	Working and work- related activities	Educational activities	Organizational, civic, and religious activities	Leisure and sports	Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	Other activities, not elsewhere classified
Age and sex
Total, 15 years and over	9.58	1.19	1.78	0.72	0.51	0.21	3.57	0.46	0.30	5.27	0.15	0.26
15 to 19 years	10.34	1.17	0.84	0.53	0.17	0.12	1.22	3.06	0.29	5.79	0.19	0.29
20 to 24 years	9.96	1.12	1.12	0.49	0.38	0.16	3.52	1.70	0.13	5.02	0.16	0.24
25 to 34 years	9.54	1.14	1.53	0.66	0.99	0.15	5.01	0.28	0.14	4.22	0.09	0.24
35 to 44 years	9.26	1.13	1.80	0.62	1.18	0.11	5.08	0.09	0.27	4.08	0.09	0.29
45 to 54 years	9.30	1.17	1.83	0.89	0.41	0.23	4.93	0.04	0.34	4.54	0.12	0.20
55 to 64 years	9.40	1.18	2.10	0.79	0.16	0.31	3.79	0.05	0.35	5.49	0.13	0.25
65 to 74 years	9.65	1.28	2.45	0.84	0.16	0.42	1.05	0.03	0.42	7.17	0.22	0.30
75 years and over	9.90	1.41	2.14	0.83	0.12	0.19	0.49	(2)-	0.58	7.75	0.27	0.31
Men, 15 years and over	9.35	1.23	1.36	0.61	0.32	0.19	4.16	0.49	0.26	5.69	0.09	0.24
15 to 19 years	9.94	1.16	0.73	0.39	0.11	0.09	1.24	3.61	0.24	6.09	0.13	0.26
20 to 24 years	9.96	1.09	0.69	0.38	0.10	0.14	3.75	1.58	(3)-	5.90	0.09	0.22
25 to 34 years	9.27	1.18	1.07	0.58	0.47	0.19	5.88	0.24	0.12	4.72	0.07	0.22
35 to 44 years	9.08	1.15	1.28	0.50	0.72	0.12	6.05	0.03	0.28	4.46	0.05	0.30
45 to 54 years	9.07	1.25	1.34	0.71	0.39	0.16	5.67	0.03	0.24	4.88	0.07	0.20
55 to 64 years	9.25	1.22	1.78	0.70	0.12	0.24	4.18	(2)-	0.29	5.88	0.08	0.23
65 to 74 years	9.41	1.34	2.03	0.76	0.18	0.39	1.29	(3)-	0.34	7.81	0.15	0.26
75 years and over	9.56	1.52	1.89	0.83	0.08	0.17	0.71	(2)-	0.64	8.12	0.18	0.29
Women, 15 years and over	9.78	1.15	2.17	0.82	0.70	0.24	3.02	0.43	0.35	4.87	0.20	0.28
15 to 19 years	10.74	1.18	0.94	0.67	0.23	0.15	1.20	2.49	0.33	5.49	0.26	0.33
20 to 24 years	9.95	1.14	1.56	0.61	0.66	0.18	3.29	1.82	0.16	4.13	(3)-	0.27
25 to 34 years	9.82	1.10	1.99	0.74	1.52	0.11	4.16	0.31	0.15	3.72	0.12	0.26
35 to 44 years	9.43	1.12	2.30	0.74	1.61	0.10	4.15	0.14	0.27	3.71	0.14	0.29
45 to 54 years	9.52	1.10	2.31	1.06	0.43	0.30	4.22	0.04	0.44	4.21	0.17	0.20
55 to 64 years	9.53	1.15	2.40	0.87	0.19	0.37	3.43	0.08	0.40	5.13	0.18	0.26
65 to 74 years	9.86	1.22	2.82	0.92	0.15	0.44	0.85	0.03	0.49	6.60	0.29	0.33
75 years and over	10.15	1.33	2.32	0.83	0.16	0.20	(3)-	(2)-	0.54	7.48	0.34	0.33
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White, 15 years and over	9.50	1.22	1.87	0.73	0.51	0.23	3.56	0.42	0.28	5.28	0.13	0.26
Men	9.26	1.26	1.47	0.61	0.33	0.21	4.24	0.45	0.24	5.62	0.08	0.24
Women	9.72	1.19	2.25	0.85	0.69	0.25	2.92	0.39	0.32	4.96	0.18	0.28
Black or African American, 15 years and over	9.77	0.93	1.32	0.65	0.48	0.18	3.36	0.62	0.50	5.73	0.19	0.26
Men	9.67	0.94	0.87	0.56	0.25	0.15	3.39	0.76	0.48	6.55	0.12	0.26
Women	9.86	0.92	1.70	0.72	0.67	0.20	3.34	0.50	0.52	5.05	0.26	0.26
Asian, 15 years and over	10.03	1.36	1.58	0.71	0.65	0.13	4.32	0.55	0.18	4.00	0.22	0.28
Men	9.95	1.48	0.96	0.70	0.40	0.11	4.65	(3)-	0.12	4.59	0.13	0.24
Women	10.11	1.22	2.27	0.72	0.93	0.15	3.95	(3)-	0.24	3.33	(3)-	0.34
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 15 years and over	9.86	1.20	1.90	0.68	0.64	0.12	3.67	0.49	0.26	4.82	0.13	0.23
Men	9.63	1.24	1.27	0.53	0.34	0.14	4.58	0.52	0.22	5.20	0.11	0.22
Women	10.09	1.15	2.52	0.83	0.93	0.11	2.76	0.47	0.29	4.45	0.14	0.25
Marital status and sex
Married, spouse present	9.30	1.26	2.12	0.78	0.74	0.24	3.89	0.05	0.34	4.88	0.12	0.26
Men	9.06	1.31	1.64	0.68	0.51	0.21	4.66	0.04	0.31	5.25	0.08	0.25
Women	9.54	1.22	2.60	0.88	0.97	0.28	3.13	0.07	0.36	4.52	0.15	0.27
Other marital statuses	9.86	1.11	1.42	0.66	0.28	0.19	3.25	0.87	0.27	5.66	0.18	0.26
Men	9.67	1.13	1.07	0.54	0.12	0.17	3.63	0.98	0.21	6.15	0.11	0.23
Women	10.02	1.09	1.74	0.77	0.42	0.20	2.90	0.78	0.33	5.22	0.24	0.28
Educational attainment, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma	10.25	1.00	2.19	0.70	0.61	0.17	2.12	(2)-	0.37	6.34	0.09	0.15
High school diploma, no college	9.60	1.13	1.96	0.75	0.45	0.28	3.37	0.05	0.29	5.77	0.10	0.26
Some college or associate degree	9.41	1.14	1.97	0.74	0.53	0.27	3.88	0.12	0.31	5.20	0.17	0.25
Bachelor's degree and higher	9.21	1.33	1.82	0.80	0.65	0.18	4.48	0.13	0.35	4.59	0.17	0.29
Bachelor's degree only	9.20	1.33	1.92	0.75	0.62	0.19	4.43	0.09	0.34	4.67	0.16	0.30
Advanced degree	9.23	1.33	1.67	0.87	0.69	0.16	4.56	0.19	0.36	4.47	0.18	0.27
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Estimate is approximately zero. (3) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.
NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.

Table 4. Employed persons working and time spent working on days worked by full- and part-time status and sex, jobholding status, educational attainment, and day of week, 2018 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Total Employed	Employed persons who worked on an average day			Employed persons who worked on an average weekday			Employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday
		Number	Percent of employed	Average hours of work	Number(1)	Percent of employed	Average hours of work	Number(2)	Percent of employed	Average hours of work
Full- and part-time status and sex
Total, 15 years and over(3)	165,269	110,785	67.0	7.62	135,994	82.3	7.99	50,885	30.8	5.27
Full-time workers	130,608	92,999	71.2	8.10	115,901	88.7	8.50	39,874	30.5	5.39
Part-time workers	34,662	17,785	51.3	5.10	20,373	58.8	5.17	11,041	31.9	4.81
Men(3)	85,959	60,191	70.0	7.88	73,581	85.6	8.27	28,567	33.2	5.49
Full-time workers	72,929	52,922	72.6	8.23	65,210	89.4	8.65	24,121	33.1	5.58
Part-time workers	13,030	7,269	55.8	5.32	8,412	64.6	5.39	4,450	34.2	5.00
Women(3)	79,311	50,594	63.8	7.31	62,424	78.7	7.66	22,299	28.1	4.99
Full-time workers	57,679	40,077	69.5	7.93	50,688	87.9	8.31	15,783	27.4	5.10
Part-time workers	21,632	10,517	48.6	4.96	11,980	55.4	5.01	6,570	30.4	4.67
Jobholding status
Single jobholders	151,967	100,420	66.1	7.59	124,082	81.7	7.94	42,704	28.1	5.14
Multiple jobholders	13,302	10,364	77.9	7.90	12,014	90.3	8.59	7,410	55.7	5.90
Educational attainment, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma	8,126	4,824	59.4	7.50	6,227	76.6	7.70	2,431	29.9	6.62
High school graduates, no college	37,439	24,300	64.9	8.07	29,693	79.3	8.29	10,757	28.7	6.52
Some college or associate degree	33,763	23,386	69.3	7.90	28,783	85.3	8.19	9,457	28.0	5.60
Bachelor's degree and higher	63,427	46,035	72.6	7.36	56,640	89.3	7.90	21,259	33.5	4.03
Bachelor's degree only	38,170	27,307	71.5	7.47	33,872	88.7	7.85	11,621	30.4	4.89
Advanced degree	25,257	18,728	74.2	7.20	22,772	90.2	7.98	9,593	38.0	3.02
Footnotes (1) Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average weekday. (2) Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday. (3) Includes workers whose hours vary.
NOTE: Includes work at main and other job(s), and excludes travel related to work. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over.

Table 5. Employed persons working on main job and time spent working on days worked by class of worker, occupation, earnings, and day of week, 2018 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Total Employed	Employed persons who worked on an average day			Employed persons who worked on an average weekday			Employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday
		Number	Percent of employed	Average hours of work	Number(1)	Percent of employed	Average hours of work	Number(2)	Percent of employed	Average hours of work
Class of worker (main job only)
Wage and salary workers	153,209	101,145	66.0	7.68	126,051	82.3	8.03	42,871	28.0	5.28
Self-employed workers(3)	11,985	7,902	65.9	5.98	8,932	74.5	6.30	4,925	41.1	4.36
Occupation (main job only)
Management, business, and financial operations	29,928	22,046	73.7	7.61	27,771	92.8	8.11	8,313	27.8	3.63
Professional and related	45,908	31,173	67.9	7.35	38,069	82.9	7.87	13,416	29.2	3.49
Service	26,566	16,227	61.1	7.12	18,454	69.5	7.24	10,506	39.5	6.61
Sales and related	12,982	8,273	63.7	7.24	9,817	75.6	7.54	5,245	40.4	6.15
Office and administrative support	18,931	11,725	61.9	7.63	15,495	81.9	7.78	3,851	20.3	6.32
Farming, fishing, and forestry	1,315	(4)-	(4)-	8.38	(4)-	(4)-	8.77	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-
Construction and extraction	7,149	4,860	68.0	8.32	6,013	84.1	8.60	(4)-	(4)-	5.63
Installation, maintenance, and repair	4,970	3,629	73.0	8.40	(4)-	(4)-	8.59	(4)-	(4)-	5.51
Production	9,054	5,187	57.3	8.17	7,220	79.7	8.25	1,510	16.7	7.49
Transportation and material moving	8,466	5,023	59.3	8.23	6,502	76.8	8.34	1,906	22.5	7.50
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers (single jobholders only)(5)
$0 - $630	27,323	17,733	64.9	7.94	22,296	81.6	8.15	7,613	27.9	6.62
$631 - $960	26,284	18,772	71.4	8.09	23,805	90.6	8.28	6,258	23.8	6.30
$961 - $1,530	28,388	19,147	67.4	8.32	24,779	87.3	8.64	5,864	20.7	5.22
$1,531 and higher	27,362	20,723	75.7	8.16	25,702	93.9	8.80	8,515	31.1	3.39
Footnotes (1) Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average weekday. (2) Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday. (3) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated. Self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated are classified as wage and salary workers. (4) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. (5) The earnings data are limited to wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed workers are excluded). Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers who held only one job.
NOTE: Includes work at main job only and excludes travel related to work. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.

Table 6. Employed persons working at home, workplace, and time spent working at each location by full- and part-time status and sex, jobholding status, and educational attainment, 2018 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Total Employed	Employed persons who worked on an average day			Employed persons who worked at their workplace on an average day(1)			Employed persons who worked at home on an average day(1)(2)
		Number	Percent of employed	Average hours of work	Number	Percent of those who worked	Average hours of work at workplace	Number	Percent of those who worked	Average hours of work at home
Full- and part-time status and sex
Total, 15 years and over(3)	165,269	110,785	67.0	7.62	90,515	81.7	7.94	26,240	23.7	2.94
Full-time workers	130,608	92,999	71.2	8.10	78,334	84.2	8.28	21,091	22.7	3.11
Part-time workers	34,662	17,785	51.3	5.10	12,181	68.5	5.75	5,149	28.9	2.25
Men(3)	85,959	60,191	70.0	7.88	50,443	83.8	8.04	14,017	23.3	3.11
Full-time workers	72,929	52,922	72.6	8.23	45,178	85.4	8.30	12,435	23.5	3.17
Part-time workers	13,030	7,269	55.8	5.32	5,265	72.4	5.78	1,581	21.8	2.64
Women(3)	79,311	50,594	63.8	7.31	40,072	79.2	7.82	12,223	24.2	2.74
Full-time workers	57,679	40,077	69.5	7.93	33,156	82.7	8.26	8,656	21.6	3.02
Part-time workers	21,632	10,517	48.6	4.96	6,916	65.8	5.73	3,567	33.9	2.08
Jobholding status
Single jobholders	151,967	100,420	66.1	7.59	82,453	82.1	7.90	23,025	22.9	2.90
Multiple jobholders	13,302	10,364	77.9	7.90	8,062	77.8	8.32	3,215	31.0	3.24
Educational attainment, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma	8,126	4,824	59.4	7.50	4,362	90.4	7.64	620	12.9	(4)-
High school graduates, no college	37,439	24,300	64.9	8.07	21,910	90.2	8.15	2,883	11.9	2.65
Some college or associate degree	33,763	23,386	69.3	7.90	19,875	85.0	8.05	4,876	20.8	3.09
Bachelor's degree and higher	63,427	46,035	72.6	7.36	33,585	73.0	7.96	16,950	36.8	2.97
Bachelor's degree only	38,170	27,307	71.5	7.47	20,641	75.6	7.91	9,132	33.4	3.11
Advanced degree	25,257	18,728	74.2	7.20	12,944	69.1	8.03	7,818	41.7	2.80
Footnotes (1) Individuals may have worked at more than one location. (2) Working at home includes any time persons did work at home and is not restricted to persons whose usual workplace is their home. (3) Includes workers whose hours vary. (4) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.
NOTE: Includes work at main and other job(s) and at locations other than home or workplace. Excludes travel related to work. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over.

Table 7. Employed persons working on main job at home, workplace, and time spent working at each location by class of worker, occupation, and earnings, 2018 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Total Employed	Employed persons who worked on an average day			Employed persons who worked at their workplace on an average day(1)			Employed persons who worked at home on an average day(1)(2)
		Number	Percent of employed	Average hours of work	Number	Percent of those who worked	Average hours of work at workplace	Number	Percent of those who worked	Average hours of work at home
Class of worker (main job only)
Wage and salary workers	153,209	101,145	66.0	7.68	85,409	84.4	7.95	20,847	20.6	2.73
Self-employed workers(3)	11,985	7,902	65.9	5.98	4,044	51.2	6.54	4,009	50.7	3.92
Occupation (main job only)
Management, business, and financial operations	29,928	22,046	73.7	7.61	16,754	76.0	7.97	7,414	33.6	3.29
Professional and related	45,908	31,173	67.9	7.35	23,391	75.0	8.04	10,099	32.4	2.83
Service	26,566	16,227	61.1	7.12	14,170	87.3	7.33	1,625	10.0	2.60
Sales and related	12,982	8,273	63.7	7.24	6,220	75.2	7.52	2,268	27.4	3.35
Office and administrative support	18,931	11,725	61.9	7.63	10,635	90.7	7.81	1,763	15.0	2.75
Farming, fishing, and forestry	1,315	(4)-	(4)-	8.38	(4)-	(4)-	8.10	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-
Construction and extraction	7,149	4,860	68.0	8.32	4,350	89.5	8.54	405	8.3	(4)-
Installation, maintenance, and repair	4,970	3,629	73.0	8.40	3,385	93.3	7.98	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-
Production	9,054	5,187	57.3	8.17	4,994	96.3	8.18	399	7.7	(4)-
Transportation and material moving	8,466	5,023	59.3	8.23	4,661	92.8	8.12	352	7.0	1.73
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers (single jobholders only)(5)
$0 - $630	27,323	17,733	64.9	7.94	16,543	93.3	7.85	1,394	7.9	2.62
$631 - $960	26,284	18,772	71.4	8.09	16,798	89.5	8.31	2,021	10.8	2.44
$961 - $1,530	28,388	19,147	67.4	8.32	16,460	86.0	8.53	4,402	23.0	2.60
$1,531 and higher	27,362	20,723	75.7	8.16	16,496	79.6	8.56	7,241	34.9	2.86
Footnotes (1) Individuals may have worked at more than one location. (2) Working at home includes any time persons did work at home and is not restricted to persons whose usual workplace is their home. (3) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated. Self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated are classified as wage and salary workers. (4) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. (5) The earnings data are limited to wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed workers are excluded). Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers who held only one job.
NOTE: Includes work at main job only and at locations other than home or workplace. Excludes travel related to work. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.

Table 8A. Time spent in primary activities for the civilian population 18 years and over by presence and age of youngest household child and sex, 2018 annual averages, total

Activity	Average hours per day spent in primary activities
	Household child under 18									No household children under 18
	Total			Youngest household child under 6			Youngest household child 6 to 17			Total	Men	Women
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Total, all activities(1)	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00
Personal care activities	9.35	9.14	9.52	9.28	9.10	9.43	9.39	9.17	9.59	9.63	9.41	9.84
Sleeping(2)	8.65	8.55	8.74	8.66	8.59	8.72	8.65	8.52	8.76	8.84	8.81	8.87
Eating and drinking	1.13	1.20	1.07	1.13	1.21	1.07	1.13	1.19	1.08	1.22	1.24	1.20
Household activities	1.89	1.32	2.38	1.97	1.35	2.46	1.84	1.31	2.32	1.80	1.44	2.16
Housework	0.66	0.30	0.96	0.68	0.35	0.93	0.64	0.27	0.98	0.52	0.23	0.80
Food preparation and cleanup	0.74	0.39	1.05	0.83	0.43	1.14	0.68	0.36	0.97	0.54	0.37	0.71
Lawn and garden care	0.13	0.20	0.06	0.13	0.19	0.08	0.12	0.21	0.05	0.22	0.29	0.14
Household management	0.10	0.10	0.11	0.10	0.09	0.12	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.16	0.13	0.19
Purchasing goods and services	0.68	0.56	0.79	0.66	0.63	0.68	0.70	0.51	0.87	0.76	0.66	0.86
Consumer goods purchases	0.35	0.27	0.43	0.36	0.32	0.40	0.35	0.23	0.45	0.33	0.26	0.41
Professional and personal care services	0.05	0.04	0.06	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.04	0.07	0.12	0.11	0.13
Caring for and helping household members	1.40	0.89	1.84	2.20	1.34	2.87	0.85	0.60	1.08	0.08	0.06	0.10
Caring for and helping household children	1.18	0.72	1.57	1.96	1.18	2.57	0.64	0.42	0.83	-	-	-
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	0.10	0.11	0.10	0.09	0.11	0.07	0.12	0.10	0.13	0.28	0.24	0.31
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults	0.05	0.06	0.04	0.05	0.07	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.08	0.09	0.08
Working and work-related activities	4.35	5.49	3.37	4.22	5.58	3.15	4.44	5.44	3.53	3.40	3.80	3.01
Working	3.94	4.96	3.07	3.83	5.04	2.89	4.02	4.91	3.20	3.08	3.42	2.75
Educational activities	0.32	0.27	0.37	0.18	0.17	0.19	0.42	0.33	0.50	0.27	0.28	0.26
Attending class	0.15	0.14	0.16	0.06	(3)-	(3)-	0.20	0.19	0.21	0.11	0.11	0.11
Homework and research	0.15	0.11	0.19	0.11	0.11	0.10	0.19	0.11	0.26	0.14	0.15	0.12
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	0.27	0.28	0.27	0.22	0.21	0.22	0.31	0.32	0.30	0.32	0.25	0.39
Religious and spiritual activities	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.11	0.08	0.14	0.15	0.16	0.13	0.14	0.10	0.19
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)	0.10	0.11	0.10	0.07	0.10	0.06	0.12	0.11	0.13	0.14	0.12	0.16
Leisure and sports	4.12	4.42	3.87	3.70	4.00	3.46	4.42	4.69	4.17	5.82	6.27	5.38
Socializing and communicating	0.66	0.64	0.68	0.71	0.64	0.76	0.63	0.64	0.62	0.61	0.53	0.69
Watching television	2.10	2.19	2.01	1.85	2.00	1.74	2.27	2.32	2.22	3.28	3.60	2.97
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.24	0.30	0.18	0.25	0.34	0.18	0.23	0.28	0.18	0.28	0.36	0.21
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	0.09	0.07	0.11	0.08	0.05	0.10	0.10	0.08	0.12	0.17	0.10	0.23
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.29	0.26	0.31	0.28	0.25	0.29	0.30	0.26	0.33	0.24	0.23	0.25
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Includes naps and spells of sleeplessness. (3) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.
- Not applicable. NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included.

Table 8B. Time spent in primary activities for the civilian population 18 years and over by presence and age of youngest household child and sex, 2018 annual averages, employed

Activity	Average hours per day spent in primary activities
	Household child under 18									No household children under 18
	Total			Youngest household child under 6			Youngest household child 6 to 17			Total	Men	Women
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Total, all activities(1)	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00
Personal care activities	9.11	8.92	9.31	9.01	8.92	9.11	9.17	8.93	9.44	9.35	9.17	9.55
Sleeping(2)	8.41	8.33	8.50	8.37	8.38	8.35	8.44	8.29	8.59	8.56	8.54	8.57
Eating and drinking	1.15	1.24	1.06	1.15	1.24	1.04	1.15	1.23	1.07	1.22	1.23	1.20
Household activities	1.61	1.22	2.02	1.58	1.27	1.91	1.63	1.20	2.09	1.53	1.22	1.88
Housework	0.53	0.26	0.81	0.48	0.28	0.70	0.56	0.24	0.89	0.44	0.20	0.69
Food preparation and cleanup	0.61	0.36	0.87	0.64	0.40	0.89	0.59	0.33	0.86	0.46	0.33	0.61
Lawn and garden care	0.12	0.20	0.04	0.11	0.18	0.03	0.13	0.20	0.05	0.17	0.23	0.10
Household management	0.10	0.10	0.11	0.10	0.10	0.11	0.11	0.10	0.11	0.14	0.10	0.18
Purchasing goods and services	0.67	0.56	0.78	0.63	0.63	0.64	0.69	0.52	0.88	0.67	0.53	0.82
Consumer goods purchases	0.34	0.27	0.42	0.34	0.32	0.36	0.35	0.24	0.46	0.31	0.22	0.40
Professional and personal care services	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.08	0.04	0.11
Caring for and helping household members	1.22	0.88	1.58	1.88	1.29	2.51	0.78	0.60	0.97	0.05	0.04	0.07
Caring for and helping household children	1.01	0.71	1.32	1.65	1.14	2.19	0.58	0.43	0.74	-	-	-
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	0.11	0.10	0.11	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.11	0.10	0.11	0.22	0.20	0.24
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults	0.05	0.06	0.04	0.06	0.07	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.08	0.10	0.06
Working and work-related activities	5.74	6.47	4.97	5.71	6.42	4.95	5.77	6.51	4.98	5.58	5.89	5.23
Working	5.26	5.90	4.57	5.24	5.84	4.60	5.27	5.94	4.55	5.09	5.36	4.80
Educational activities	0.16	0.11	0.20	0.15	0.10	(3)-	0.16	0.12	0.20	0.27	0.23	0.32
Attending class	0.05	(3)-	0.07	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	0.05	(3)-	0.06	0.13	0.10	0.16
Homework and research	0.09	0.06	0.12	0.08	0.06	0.11	0.10	0.07	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.13
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	0.24	0.26	0.22	0.19	0.23	0.15	0.27	0.28	0.26	0.22	0.14	0.31
Religious and spiritual activities	0.10	0.11	0.09	0.08	0.09	0.07	0.11	0.12	0.10	0.10	0.06	0.14
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)	0.11	0.12	0.10	0.08	0.11	0.06	0.13	0.13	0.12	0.10	0.06	0.13
Leisure and sports	3.65	3.92	3.36	3.26	3.50	3.01	3.90	4.20	3.59	4.55	5.05	4.01
Socializing and communicating	0.59	0.59	0.59	0.58	0.57	0.60	0.60	0.61	0.59	0.58	0.52	0.66
Watching television	1.82	1.90	1.73	1.65	1.77	1.51	1.93	1.99	1.87	2.37	2.67	2.04
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.23	0.27	0.18	0.25	0.29	0.21	0.21	0.25	0.16	0.27	0.32	0.20
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	0.08	0.05	0.10	0.07	0.04	0.11	0.08	0.06	0.10	0.12	0.07	0.18
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.28	0.26	0.30	0.27	0.27	0.28	0.28	0.25	0.31	0.21	0.23	0.20
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Includes naps and spells of sleeplessness. (3) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.
- Not applicable. NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included.

Table 8C. Time spent in primary activities for the civilian population 18 years and over by presence and age of youngest household child and sex, 2018 annual averages, not employed

Activity	Average hours per day spent in primary activities
	Household child under 18									No household children under 18
	Total			Youngest household child under 6			Youngest household child 6 to 17			Total	Men	Women
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Total, all activities(1)	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00
Personal care activities	10.05	10.29	9.95	10.03	10.25	9.96	10.07	10.31	9.94	10.06	9.84	10.24
Sleeping(2)	9.38	9.70	9.25	9.46	9.89	9.34	9.32	9.61	9.17	9.28	9.28	9.28
Eating and drinking	1.07	0.99	1.10	1.08	0.98	1.11	1.06	1.00	1.10	1.23	1.25	1.21
Household activities	2.73	1.83	3.11	3.04	1.83	3.38	2.49	1.83	2.85	2.21	1.84	2.53
Housework	1.04	0.51	1.26	1.20	(3)-	1.33	0.91	0.39	1.20	0.64	0.27	0.94
Food preparation and cleanup	1.15	0.54	1.40	1.37	0.63	1.58	0.97	0.50	1.23	0.65	0.42	0.84
Lawn and garden care	0.14	(3)-	0.10	0.17	(3)-	0.15	0.11	(3)-	0.04	0.29	0.38	0.21
Household management	0.10	0.06	0.11	0.11	(3)-	0.13	0.09	0.08	0.09	0.20	0.19	0.21
Purchasing goods and services	0.72	0.53	0.80	0.74	0.66	0.76	0.71	0.46	0.84	0.89	0.88	0.91
Consumer goods purchases	0.38	0.24	0.44	0.43	(3)-	0.46	0.34	0.20	0.42	0.37	0.32	0.42
Professional and personal care services	0.09	(3)-	0.08	0.07	(3)-	0.05	0.10	(3)-	0.11	0.18	0.22	0.15
Caring for and helping household members	1.95	0.94	2.37	3.08	1.66	3.49	1.07	0.59	1.33	0.13	0.11	0.15
Caring for and helping household children	1.70	0.75	2.09	2.82	1.48	3.20	0.82	0.39	1.06	-	-	-
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	0.10	0.12	0.10	0.06	(3)-	0.03	0.14	0.11	0.16	0.36	0.30	0.42
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.03	(3)-	0.02	0.04	(3)-	0.05	0.09	0.08	0.10
Working and work-related activities(4)	0.19	(3)-	0.10	0.16	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	0.10	0.11	0.15	0.07
Working(4)	(5)-	(3)-	(5)-	(5)-	(3)-	(5)-	(3)-	(3)-	(5)-	0.03	(5)-	(3)-
Educational activities	0.81	1.06	0.71	0.27	(3)-	0.17	1.23	(3)-	1.20	0.26	0.37	0.17
Attending class	0.43	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	(3)-	0.70	(3)-	(3)-	0.09	0.13	0.05
Homework and research	0.35	(3)-	0.35	0.18	(3)-	0.09	0.48	(3)-	(3)-	0.15	0.21	0.10
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	0.37	0.38	0.37	0.29	(3)-	0.34	0.43	0.51	0.39	0.48	0.45	0.50
Religious and spiritual activities	0.24	0.26	0.23	0.20	(3)-	0.25	0.26	0.38	0.20	0.21	0.17	0.25
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)	0.09	(3)-	0.10	0.05	(3)-	0.05	0.12	(3)-	0.15	0.21	0.22	0.20
Leisure and sports	5.54	7.02	4.92	4.88	7.13	4.22	6.06	6.97	5.57	7.74	8.42	7.19
Socializing and communicating	0.87	0.89	0.86	1.04	(3)-	1.02	0.73	0.78	0.71	0.66	0.56	0.74
Watching television	2.93	3.72	2.60	2.42	3.43	2.13	3.33	3.86	3.04	4.66	5.22	4.20
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.28	0.48	0.19	0.25	(3)-	0.15	0.30	0.43	0.23	0.30	0.41	0.21
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	0.15	0.19	0.13	0.10	0.13	0.09	0.18	0.22	0.16	0.23	0.15	0.30
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.32	0.25	0.34	0.29	0.18	0.32	0.34	0.29	0.36	0.29	0.24	0.33
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Includes naps and spells of sleeplessness. (3) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. (4) Estimates include a small amount of work time done by persons who do not meet the American Time Use Survey definition for employed. (5) Estimate is approximately zero.
- Not applicable. NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included.

Table 9. Time adults spent caring for household children as a primary activity by sex, age, and day of week, average for the combined years 2014-18

Childcare activities	Average hours per day adults spent caring for household children
	Total			Weekdays			Weekends and holidays
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Children under age 18, total
Caring for household children as a primary activity	1.39	0.91	1.78	1.45	0.88	1.92	1.24	0.96	1.46
Physical care	0.44	0.23	0.61	0.46	0.23	0.64	0.40	0.23	0.53
Education-related activities	0.10	0.06	0.14	0.13	0.07	0.18	0.04	0.03	0.05
Reading to/with children	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.04
Talking to/with children	0.05	0.03	0.07	0.06	0.04	0.08	0.03	0.02	0.04
Playing/doing hobbies with children	0.29	0.26	0.32	0.25	0.22	0.29	0.37	0.35	0.38
Looking after children	0.09	0.06	0.12	0.08	0.05	0.11	0.11	0.09	0.14
Attending children's events	0.06	0.05	0.07	0.05	0.04	0.06	0.09	0.09	0.10
Travel related to care of household children	0.19	0.12	0.24	0.23	0.14	0.30	0.09	0.08	0.10
Other childcare activities	0.12	0.07	0.17	0.15	0.08	0.21	0.06	0.05	0.07
Youngest child ages 6 to 17
Caring for household children as a primary activity	0.83	0.55	1.06	0.90	0.56	1.19	0.64	0.53	0.74
Physical care	0.15	0.08	0.21	0.17	0.09	0.24	0.11	0.07	0.14
Education-related activities	0.12	0.07	0.16	0.15	0.08	0.20	0.05	0.04	0.06
Reading to/with children	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02
Talking to/with children	0.06	0.04	0.08	0.07	0.05	0.09	0.04	0.02	0.06
Playing/doing hobbies with children	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.10	0.12	0.08
Looking after children	0.05	0.04	0.06	0.05	0.03	0.06	0.06	0.04	0.07
Attending children's events	0.08	0.07	0.10	0.06	0.05	0.08	0.13	0.11	0.14
Travel related to care of household children	0.17	0.11	0.22	0.20	0.13	0.26	0.09	0.07	0.11
Other childcare activities	0.10	0.06	0.14	0.12	0.06	0.17	0.06	0.05	0.06
Child under age 6
Caring for household children as a primary activity	2.12	1.38	2.71	2.18	1.32	2.87	1.98	1.54	2.34
Physical care	0.81	0.43	1.12	0.83	0.42	1.16	0.76	0.46	1.00
Education-related activities	0.08	0.04	0.12	0.11	0.05	0.15	0.03	0.02	0.04
Reading to/with children	0.07	0.05	0.08	0.07	0.05	0.09	0.06	0.05	0.07
Talking to/with children	0.04	0.02	0.05	0.04	0.03	0.06	0.03	0.02	0.03
Playing/doing hobbies with children	0.58	0.50	0.64	0.52	0.44	0.59	0.71	0.65	0.76
Looking after children	0.14	0.09	0.19	0.12	0.07	0.17	0.19	0.15	0.22
Attending children's events	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.04
Travel related to care of household children	0.21	0.13	0.27	0.26	0.15	0.35	0.10	0.09	0.10
Other childcare activities	0.15	0.08	0.20	0.18	0.10	0.25	0.07	0.05	0.08
NOTE: Includes persons 18 years and over living in households with children under 18, whether or not they provided childcare.

Table 10. Time adults spent in primary activities while providing childcare as a secondary activity by sex, age, and day of week, average for the combined years 2014-18

Childcare activities(1)	Average hours per day adults spent caring for household children(2)
	Total			Weekdays			Weekends and holidays
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Children under age 13, total
Total	5.11	4.16	5.88	4.12	3.05	4.99	7.45	6.79	8.00
Personal care activities	0.26	0.18	0.33	0.23	0.16	0.30	0.33	0.23	0.41
Household activities	1.24	0.72	1.67	1.06	0.50	1.51	1.68	1.23	2.06
Purchasing goods and services	0.35	0.26	0.43	0.26	0.15	0.34	0.57	0.50	0.63
Working and work-related activities	0.21	0.22	0.20	0.23	0.24	0.23	0.14	0.17	0.12
Eating and drinking	0.65	0.57	0.71	0.52	0.43	0.59	0.95	0.91	0.98
Leisure and sports	1.99	1.91	2.05	1.50	1.36	1.61	3.14	3.19	3.10
Other activities	0.41	0.31	0.49	0.31	0.20	0.40	0.63	0.56	0.69
Youngest child ages 6 to 12
Total	4.75	4.09	5.29	3.72	3.06	4.27	7.24	6.56	7.82
Personal care activities	0.26	0.19	0.31	0.23	0.17	0.28	0.32	0.22	0.39
Household activities	1.08	0.67	1.43	0.87	0.46	1.20	1.61	1.17	1.99
Purchasing goods and services	0.30	0.23	0.35	0.20	0.14	0.26	0.52	0.46	0.58
Working and work-related activities	0.22	0.24	0.20	0.24	0.25	0.23	0.17	0.21	0.14
Eating and drinking	0.57	0.54	0.60	0.46	0.42	0.49	0.85	0.82	0.87
Leisure and sports	1.93	1.91	1.95	1.44	1.42	1.47	3.11	3.10	3.13
Other activities	0.39	0.32	0.45	0.28	0.21	0.35	0.66	0.59	0.72
Child under age 6
Total	5.39	4.22	6.33	4.43	3.03	5.55	7.61	6.97	8.13
Personal care activities	0.27	0.17	0.35	0.24	0.14	0.31	0.34	0.24	0.43
Household activities	1.37	0.76	1.85	1.21	0.54	1.74	1.74	1.28	2.10
Purchasing goods and services	0.39	0.28	0.49	0.30	0.17	0.41	0.61	0.54	0.66
Working and work-related activities	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.13	0.14	0.12
Eating and drinking	0.71	0.60	0.79	0.57	0.44	0.67	1.02	0.98	1.06
Leisure and sports	2.03	1.90	2.14	1.54	1.32	1.73	3.16	3.26	3.08
Other activities	0.42	0.30	0.52	0.34	0.20	0.45	0.61	0.53	0.67
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Secondary childcare is defined as time one has a child under 13 years "in his or her care" while doing something else as a primary activity; information on secondary childcare is not collected for children over 12 years. Estimates include a small amount of care provided to own, nonhousehold children.
NOTE: Includes persons 18 years and over living in households with children under 13 years, whether or not they provided childcare.

Table 11A. Time spent in leisure and sports activities for the civilian population by selected characteristics, averages per day, 2018 annual averages

Characteristic	Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities, all days of week
	Total, all leisure and sports activities	Participating in sports, exercise and recreation	Socializing and communicating	Watching TV	Reading	Relaxing/ thinking	Playing games and computer use for leisure	Other leisure and sports activities, including travel(1)
Sex
Men	5.69	0.36	0.59	3.09	0.24	0.34	0.59	0.47
Women	4.87	0.23	0.69	2.61	0.29	0.31	0.35	0.41
Age
Total, 15 years and over	5.27	0.29	0.64	2.84	0.26	0.32	0.47	0.44
15 to 19 years	5.79	0.65	0.97	2.23	0.12	0.18	1.03	0.62
20 to 24 years	5.02	0.39	0.58	2.01	0.11	0.34	0.96	0.63
25 to 34 years	4.22	0.22	0.66	2.03	0.10	0.23	0.57	0.40
35 to 44 years	4.08	0.24	0.63	2.12	0.15	0.23	0.28	0.43
45 to 54 years	4.54	0.27	0.58	2.56	0.16	0.32	0.22	0.41
55 to 64 years	5.49	0.23	0.59	3.36	0.27	0.37	0.32	0.35
65 to 74 years	7.17	0.28	0.67	4.34	0.61	0.42	0.39	0.45
75 years and over	7.75	0.21	0.53	4.78	0.80	0.59	0.43	0.40
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White	5.28	0.30	0.66	2.80	0.29	0.30	0.47	0.44
Black or African American	5.73	0.22	0.59	3.55	0.12	0.50	0.37	0.38
Asian	4.00	0.25	0.49	1.75	0.23	0.23	0.50	0.55
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.82	0.31	0.64	2.45	0.07	0.41	0.54	0.41
Employment status
Employed	4.22	0.25	0.59	2.15	0.17	0.24	0.40	0.41
Full-time workers	4.03	0.25	0.58	2.07	0.15	0.25	0.33	0.40
Part-time workers	4.96	0.28	0.64	2.45	0.26	0.21	0.66	0.46
Not employed	7.06	0.35	0.73	4.03	0.42	0.46	0.58	0.49
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers (single jobholders only)(2)
$0 - $630	4.39	0.18	0.63	2.23	0.09	0.27	0.53	0.46
$631 - $960	4.11	0.26	0.49	2.34	0.13	0.21	0.35	0.34
$961 - $1,530	4.05	0.24	0.59	2.07	0.13	0.30	0.30	0.43
$1,531 and higher	3.82	0.31	0.58	1.87	0.21	0.22	0.24	0.38
Presence and age of household children
No household children under 18	5.83	0.29	0.63	3.25	0.34	0.36	0.49	0.46
Household children under 18	4.23	0.28	0.66	2.09	0.12	0.26	0.42	0.40
Children 13 to 17 years, none younger	4.79	0.31	0.60	2.39	0.14	0.33	0.61	0.41
Children 6 to 12 years, none younger	4.34	0.27	0.65	2.15	0.12	0.27	0.42	0.45
Youngest child under 6 years	3.76	0.27	0.70	1.85	0.11	0.20	0.29	0.34
Marital status and sex
Married, spouse present	4.88	0.26	0.64	2.74	0.29	0.29	0.28	0.39
Men	5.25	0.31	0.60	3.05	0.28	0.33	0.27	0.40
Women	4.52	0.21	0.68	2.43	0.29	0.25	0.28	0.38
Other marital statuses	5.66	0.32	0.64	2.95	0.24	0.36	0.66	0.50
Men	6.15	0.40	0.59	3.13	0.19	0.35	0.92	0.56
Women	5.22	0.24	0.69	2.79	0.28	0.36	0.42	0.44
Educational attainment, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma	6.34	0.16	0.69	4.06	0.14	0.71	0.26	0.32
High school graduates, no college	5.77	0.17	0.58	3.60	0.22	0.41	0.39	0.38
Some college or associate degree	5.20	0.24	0.58	2.95	0.28	0.32	0.43	0.40
Bachelor's degree and higher	4.59	0.32	0.64	2.27	0.39	0.20	0.32	0.45
Bachelor's degree only	4.67	0.30	0.65	2.37	0.34	0.23	0.35	0.42
Advanced degree	4.47	0.35	0.63	2.11	0.47	0.16	0.27	0.49
Footnotes (1) Includes other leisure and sports activities, not elsewhere classified, and travel related to leisure and sports activities. (2) The earnings data are limited to wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed workers are excluded). Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers who held only one job.
NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.

Table 11B. Time spent in leisure and sports activities for the civilian population by selected characteristics, averages per day on weekdays and weekends, 2018 annual averages

Characteristic	Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities, weekdays and weekends
	Total, all leisure and sports activities		Participating in sports, exercise and recreation		Socializing and communicating		Watching TV		Reading		Relaxing/ thinking		Playing games and computer use for leisure		Other leisure and sports activities, including travel(1)
	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days
Sex
Men	5.09	7.09	0.31	0.46	0.46	0.91	2.83	3.71	0.23	0.26	0.35	0.33	0.52	0.75	0.39	0.66
Women	4.37	6.06	0.23	0.22	0.53	1.05	2.40	3.12	0.27	0.31	0.29	0.34	0.33	0.40	0.32	0.61
Age
Total, 15 years and over	4.72	6.56	0.27	0.34	0.49	0.98	2.61	3.40	0.25	0.29	0.32	0.34	0.42	0.57	0.36	0.64
15 to 19 years	5.28	7.07	0.69	0.56	0.93	1.06	2.00	2.79	0.13	0.08	0.17	0.22	0.81	1.55	0.54	0.80
20 to 24 years	4.26	6.79	(2)-	0.55	0.38	1.07	1.76	2.60	0.10	0.12	0.43	0.13	0.78	1.38	(2)-	0.95
25 to 34 years	3.54	5.77	0.18	0.34	0.47	1.10	1.75	2.67	0.09	0.13	0.21	0.27	0.55	0.60	0.30	0.64
35 to 44 years	3.51	5.42	0.20	0.35	0.45	1.04	1.88	2.69	0.15	0.15	0.21	0.27	0.29	0.26	0.33	0.65
45 to 54 years	3.80	6.21	0.25	0.33	0.48	0.81	2.12	3.55	0.15	0.19	0.30	0.37	0.16	0.37	0.34	0.58
55 to 64 years	4.90	6.90	0.21	0.28	0.41	1.01	3.13	3.92	0.25	0.33	0.35	0.43	0.30	0.37	0.26	0.56
65 to 74 years	6.93	7.73	0.29	0.27	0.56	0.92	4.24	4.60	0.61	0.61	0.44	0.40	0.39	0.38	0.41	0.56
75 years and over	7.61	8.09	0.24	0.12	0.42	0.79	4.80	4.75	0.76	0.91	0.59	0.61	0.44	0.41	0.36	0.50
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White	4.70	6.62	0.28	0.36	0.51	1.02	2.55	3.39	0.28	0.32	0.30	0.32	0.43	0.57	0.36	0.64
Black or African American	5.30	6.76	0.21	0.23	0.48	0.86	3.31	4.12	0.11	0.14	0.53	0.44	0.35	0.41	0.30	0.56
Asian	3.58	5.02	0.24	0.26	0.38	0.75	1.61	2.09	0.21	0.26	0.20	0.29	0.44	0.66	(2)-	0.71
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.35	5.95	0.32	0.27	0.43	1.15	2.27	2.87	0.05	0.10	0.42	0.38	0.52	0.57	0.33	0.60
Employment status
Employed	3.49	5.96	0.21	0.36	0.42	0.99	1.83	2.91	0.15	0.22	0.22	0.29	0.35	0.52	0.31	0.66
Full-time workers	3.25	5.83	0.19	0.37	0.41	0.96	1.72	2.90	0.13	0.19	0.23	0.30	0.28	0.45	0.29	0.66
Part-time workers	4.38	6.46	0.26	0.33	0.47	1.07	2.25	2.98	0.23	0.34	0.19	0.28	0.61	0.79	0.38	0.67
Not employed	6.84	7.56	0.37	0.30	0.62	0.97	3.94	4.22	0.44	0.40	0.48	0.42	0.54	0.66	0.45	0.60
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers (single jobholders only)(3)
$0 - $630	3.70	5.93	0.13	0.30	0.43	1.06	1.97	2.82	0.09	0.09	0.28	0.22	0.43	0.76	0.36	0.67
$631 - $960	3.39	5.92	0.19	0.42	0.37	0.79	1.93	3.38	0.13	0.11	0.20	0.23	0.34	0.37	0.23	0.61
$961 - $1,530	3.23	5.98	0.21	0.32	0.44	0.95	1.61	3.15	0.11	0.18	0.27	0.36	0.23	0.46	0.37	0.56
$1,531 and higher	2.90	6.08	0.26	0.44	0.38	1.05	1.53	2.73	0.16	0.32	0.17	0.36	0.20	0.37	0.20	0.81
Presence and age of household children
No household children under 18	5.28	7.13	0.27	0.34	0.49	0.95	3.01	3.83	0.33	0.37	0.36	0.36	0.44	0.60	0.38	0.67
Household children under 18	3.68	5.52	0.26	0.34	0.49	1.03	1.87	2.63	0.11	0.13	0.24	0.29	0.38	0.51	0.32	0.58
Children 13 to 17 years, none younger	4.23	6.12	0.32	0.30	0.49	0.87	2.01	3.28	0.13	0.15	0.34	0.32	0.58	0.68	0.36	0.51
Children 6 to 12 years, none younger	3.83	5.61	0.25	0.32	0.51	1.01	1.95	2.65	0.11	0.15	0.25	0.31	0.37	0.55	0.39	0.61
Youngest child under 6 years	3.16	5.07	0.23	0.37	0.49	1.16	1.69	2.20	0.11	0.11	0.18	0.26	0.25	0.38	0.22	0.60
Marital status and sex
Married, spouse present	4.31	6.27	0.24	0.30	0.48	1.03	2.48	3.35	0.27	0.33	0.27	0.34	0.25	0.36	0.31	0.56
Men	4.57	6.83	0.28	0.38	0.42	1.01	2.72	3.81	0.27	0.33	0.33	0.35	0.23	0.39	0.33	0.56
Women	4.06	5.68	0.21	0.21	0.53	1.05	2.25	2.88	0.28	0.33	0.22	0.32	0.27	0.32	0.30	0.57
Other marital statuses	5.14	6.84	0.29	0.38	0.51	0.93	2.73	3.46	0.23	0.25	0.37	0.34	0.60	0.78	0.40	0.71
Men	5.64	7.36	0.34	0.55	0.50	0.80	2.94	3.60	0.20	0.19	0.37	0.31	0.83	1.14	0.47	0.78
Women	4.68	6.40	0.25	0.23	0.53	1.05	2.54	3.34	0.27	0.30	0.36	0.36	0.39	0.47	0.34	0.65
Educational attainment, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma	6.14	6.75	0.15	0.19	0.55	1.01	4.07	4.04	0.15	0.12	0.77	0.58	0.21	0.37	0.26	0.44
High school graduates, no college	5.28	6.93	0.14	0.25	0.43	0.94	3.37	4.14	0.24	0.19	0.40	0.43	0.38	0.43	0.32	0.55
Some college or associate degree	4.69	6.49	0.21	0.31	0.44	0.92	2.71	3.55	0.25	0.35	0.30	0.36	0.45	0.40	0.32	0.59
Bachelor's degree and higher	3.92	6.10	0.31	0.36	0.49	1.00	1.96	2.95	0.37	0.45	0.17	0.28	0.29	0.40	0.35	0.66
Bachelor's degree only	4.02	6.17	0.29	0.33	0.52	0.95	2.01	3.19	0.34	0.35	0.19	0.31	0.32	0.44	0.34	0.59
Advanced degree	3.78	5.99	0.33	0.39	0.42	1.07	1.88	2.61	0.41	0.61	0.13	0.22	0.25	0.33	0.36	0.76
Footnotes (1) Includes other leisure and sports activities, not elsewhere classified, and travel related to leisure and sports activities. (2) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. (3) The earnings data are limited to wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed workers are excluded). Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers who held only one job.
NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.

Table 12. Average hours per day spent in primary activities for the civilian population, 2018 quarterly and annual averages [Not seasonally adjusted]

Activity	2018
	Quarterly averages				Annual average
	I	II	III	IV
Total, all activities(1)	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00
Personal care activities	9.63	9.57	9.67	9.44	9.58
Sleeping(2)	8.88	8.79	8.90	8.70	8.82
Eating and drinking	1.14	1.19	1.24	1.19	1.19
Household activities	1.71	1.82	1.89	1.69	1.78
Housework	0.58	0.51	0.57	0.52	0.55
Food preparation and cleanup	0.60	0.57	0.58	0.61	0.59
Lawn and garden care	0.10	0.25	0.23	0.12	0.18
Household management	0.11	0.17	0.17	0.12	0.14
Purchasing goods and services	0.66	0.68	0.73	0.81	0.72
Consumer goods purchases	0.30	0.30	0.34	0.40	0.33
Professional and personal care services	0.08	0.10	0.09	0.10	0.09
Caring for and helping household members	0.50	0.51	0.49	0.55	0.51
Caring for and helping household children	0.38	0.39	0.37	0.39	0.39
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	0.19	0.25	0.20	0.21	0.21
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.07
Working and work-related activities	3.63	3.67	3.29	3.70	3.57
Working	3.30	3.32	2.97	3.33	3.23
Educational activities	0.69	0.39	0.28	0.48	0.46
Attending class	0.41	0.24	0.11	0.24	0.25
Homework and research	0.23	0.13	0.14	0.21	0.17
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	0.26	0.35	0.33	0.28	0.30
Religious and spiritual activities	0.12	0.16	0.14	0.14	0.14
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)	0.10	0.15	0.15	0.11	0.13
Leisure and sports	5.18	5.20	5.47	5.21	5.27
Socializing and communicating	0.54	0.65	0.67	0.70	0.64
Watching television	3.02	2.72	2.85	2.80	2.84
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.26	0.31	0.36	0.23	0.29
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	0.17	0.13	0.13	0.16	0.15
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.24	0.24	0.29	0.28	0.26
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Includes naps and spells of sleeplessness.
NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.