For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, June 27, 2017                       USDL-17-0880

Technical information: (202) 691-6339  *  atusinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/tus
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                       AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY -- 2016 RESULTS

In 2016, on days they worked, 22 percent of employed persons did some or all of their
work at home, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Among workers age
25 and over, those with an advanced degree were more likely to work at home than were
persons with less education--43 percent of workers with an advanced degree performed
some work at home on days worked, compared with 12 percent of those with a high school
diploma.

These and other results from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) were released today.
These data include the average amount of time per day in 2016 that individuals worked,
did household activities, and engaged in leisure and sports activities. Additionally,
measures of the average time per day spent providing childcare--both as a primary (or
main) activity and while doing other things--for the combined years 2012-16 are provided.
For a detailed description of ATUS data and methodology, see the Technical Note.

Working (by Employed Persons) in 2016

   --On the days they worked, 83 percent of employed persons did some or all of
     their work at their workplace and 22 percent did some or all of their work
     at home. Employed persons spent more time working at the workplace than at
     home--7.9 hours, compared with 3.1 hours. (See table 6.)

   --The share of workers doing some or all of their work at home grew from
     19 percent in 2003--the first year the ATUS was conducted--to 22 percent
     in 2016. In this same period, the average time employed persons spent
     working at home on days they worked increased by 34 minutes (from 2.6
     hours to 3.1 hours). (See table 6.)

   --Among workers age 25 and over, those with an advanced degree were more
     likely to work at home than were persons with lower levels of educational
     attainment--43 percent of those with an advanced degree performed some
     work at home on days worked, compared with 12 percent of those with a
     high school diploma. Workers with an advanced degree also were more
     likely to work on an average day than were those with a high school
     diploma--73 percent, compared with 67 percent. (See table 6.)

   --On the days they worked, employed men worked 56 minutes more than
     employed women. This difference partly reflects women's greater
     likelihood of working part time. However, even among full-time workers
     (those usually working 35 hours or more per week), men worked longer
     than women--8.4 hours, compared with 7.8 hours. (See table 4.)

   --One-third of employed persons spent some time working on an average
     weekend day. Multiple jobholders were more likely to work on an
     average weekend day than were single jobholders--60 percent, compared
     with 30 percent. (See table 4.) 

Household Activities in 2016

   --On an average day, 85 percent of women and 69 percent of men spent some
     time doing household activities such as housework, cooking, lawn care,
     or financial and other household management. (See table 1.)

   --On the days they did household activities, women spent an average of
     2.6 hours on these activities, while men spent 2.0 hours. (See table 1.)

   --On an average day, 21 percent of men did housework--such as cleaning or
     laundry--compared with 50 percent of women. Forty-five percent of men
     did food preparation or cleanup, compared with 70 percent of women. Men
     were slightly more likely to engage in lawn and garden care than were
     women--12 percent, compared with 8 percent. (See table 1.)

   --From 2003 to 2016, the share of men doing food preparation and cleanup
     on an average day increased from 35 percent to 45 percent, and the
     share of women engaging in food preparation and cleanup grew from
     66 percent to 70 percent.  (See table 1.)

   --From 2003 to 2016, the share of women doing housework on an average day
     decreased from 54 percent to 50 percent. The average time per day women
     spent doing housework declined from 58 minutes in 2003 to 52 minutes 
     in 2016. (See table 1.)

Leisure Activities in 2016

   --On an average day, nearly everyone age 15 and over (96 percent) engaged
     in some sort of leisure activity, such as watching TV, socializing, or
     exercising. Men spent 44 minutes per day more in these activities than
     did women (5.5 hours, compared with 4.8 hours). (See table 1.)

   --Watching TV was the leisure activity that occupied the most time (2.7
     hours per day), accounting for just over half of leisure time, on
     average, for those age 15 and over. The amount of time people spent
     watching TV varied by age. Those ages 15 to 44 spent the least amount
     of time watching TV, averaging around 2.0 hours per day, and those
     ages 65 and over spent the most time watching TV, averaging over 4.0
     hours per day. (See table 11A.)

   --Socializing and communicating, such as visiting with friends or attending
     or hosting social events, accounted for an average of 39 minutes per day,
     and was the next most common leisure activity after watching TV. People
     spent about twice as much time socializing on weekend days (59 minutes)
     as on weekdays (31 minutes). (See tables 11A and 11B.)

   --From 2003 to 2016, the percentage of people who participated in sports,
     exercise, or recreation on an average day rose from 17 percent to 21
     percent. (See table 1.)

   --Employed adults living in households with no children under age 18
     engaged in leisure and sports activities for 4.5 hours per day, 1.2
     hours more than employed adults living with a child under age 6.
     (See table 8B.)

Care of Household Children for the period 2012-16

   --Adults living in households with children under age 6 spent an average
     of 2.1 hours per day providing primary childcare to household children.
     Adults living in households where the youngest child was between the
     ages of 6 and 17 spent less than half as much time providing primary
     childcare to household children--50 minutes per day. Primary childcare
     is childcare that is done as a main activity, such as providing physical
     care or reading to children. (See table 9.)

   --On an average day, among adults living in households with children under
     age 6, women spent 1.1 hours providing physical care (such as bathing or
     feeding a child) to household children; by contrast, men spent 26 minutes
     providing physical care. (See table 9.)

   --Adults living in households with at least one child under age 6 spent an
     average of 5.3 hours per day providing secondary childcare--that is, they
     had at least one child in their care while doing activities other than
     primary childcare. Secondary childcare provided by adults living in
     households with children under age 6 was most commonly provided while
     doing leisure activities (2.1 hours) or household activities (1.3 hours).
     (See table 10.)

   --Adults living in households with children under age 6 spent more time
     providing primary childcare on an average weekday (2.1 hours) than on
     an average weekend day (1.9 hours). However, they spent less time
     providing secondary childcare on weekdays than on weekend days--4.4 
     hours, compared with 7.4 hours. (See tables 9 and 10.)

Additional Data 

ATUS 2016 data files are available for users to do their own tabulations and analyses.
In accordance with BLS and Census Bureau policies that protect the privacy of survey
respondents, identifying information does not appear on the data files. The 2016 data
files are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/tus/data.htm.

Technical Note

The estimates in this news release are based on annual average data from the
American Time Use Survey (ATUS). The ATUS, which is conducted by the U.S.
Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is a continuous survey
about how individuals age 15 and over spend their time.

Information in this news release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service:
(800) 877-8339.

Survey methodology

Data collection for the ATUS began in January 2003. Sample cases for the survey
are selected monthly, and interviews are conducted continuously throughout the
year. In 2016, approximately 10,500 individuals were interviewed. Estimates are
released annually.

ATUS sample households are chosen from the households that completed their
eighth (final) interview for the Current Population Survey (CPS), the nation's
monthly household labor force survey. ATUS sample households are selected to
ensure that estimates will be nationally representative.

One individual age 15 or over is randomly chosen from each sampled household.
This "designated person" is interviewed by telephone once about his or her
activities on the day before the interview--the "diary day."

All ATUS interviews are conducted using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing.
Procedures are in place to collect information from the small number of households
that did not provide a telephone number during the CPS interview.

ATUS designated persons are preassigned a day of the week about which to report.
Preassignment is designed to reduce variability in response rates across the week
and to allow oversampling of weekend days so that accurate weekend day measures
can be developed. Interviews occur on the day following the assigned day. For
example, a person assigned to report about a Monday would be contacted on the
following Tuesday. Ten percent of designated persons are assigned to report about
each of the five weekdays. Twenty-five percent are assigned to report about each
weekend day. Households are called for up to 8 consecutive weeks (for example,
8 Tuesdays) in order to secure an interview.

About the questionnaire

In the time diary portion of the ATUS interview, survey respondents sequentially
report activities they did between 4 a.m. on the day before the interview until
4 a.m. on the day of the interview. For each activity, respondents are asked how
long the activity lasted. For activities other than personal care activities
(such as sleeping and grooming), interviewers also ask respondents where they
were and who was in the room with them (if at home) or who accompanied them (if
away from home). If respondents report doing more than one activity at a time,
they are asked to identify which one was the "main" (primary) activity. If none
can be identified, then the interviewer records the first activity mentioned.
After completing the time diary, interviewers ask respondents additional
questions to clearly identify work, volunteering, eldercare, and secondary
childcare activities. Secondary childcare is defined as having a child under
age 13 in one's care while doing other activities.

In addition, the ATUS includes an update of the household composition from the
last CPS interview (2 to 5 months prior to the ATUS interview), the labor force
status of the respondent, and the employment status of his or her spouse or
unmarried partner. For respondents who became employed or changed jobs between
the last CPS interview and the ATUS interview, information also is collected on
industry, occupation, class of worker, and earnings. Finally, a question about
current school enrollment status is asked of all respondents ages 15 to 49.

After completing the interview, primary activity descriptions are assigned a
single 6-digit code using the ATUS Coding Lexicon. The 3-tier coding system
consists of 17 major activity categories, each with multiple second- and
third-tier subcategories. These coding lexicon categories are then combined
into composite categories for publication, such as in this news release.
Descriptions of categories shown in this release can be found in the Major
activity category definitions section of this Technical Note. The ATUS Coding
Lexicon can be accessed at www.bls.gov/tus/lexicons.htm.

Because of the complexity of coding everyday activities into narrowly-defined
lexicon categories, coders use a comprehensive set of rules to guide their
decisions. Travel activities have more complicated coding rules than other
activities captured in the ATUS. In order to capture useful and detailed
information, travel activities are coded according to the purpose of travel.
For more information, see Exhibit 5.1 of the ATUS User's guide at
www.bls.gov/tus/atususersguide.pdf.

Concepts and definitions

Average day. The average day measure reflects an average distribution across
all persons in the reference population and all days of the week. The ATUS
collects data about daily activities from all segments of the population
age 15 and over, including persons who are employed and not employed.
Activity profiles differ based upon age, employment status, gender, and other
characteristics. For example, persons in the United States age 15 and over
spend between 3 and 4 hours per day doing work and work-related activities.
By comparison, on an average weekday they worked, full-time employed persons
spend around 9 hours doing work and work-related activities. Many activities
typically are not done on a daily basis, and some activities only are done by
a subset of the population.

Average hours per day. The average number of hours spent in a 24-hour day
(between 4 a.m. on the diary day and 4 a.m. on the interview day) doing a
specified activity.

   --Average hours per day, population. The average number of hours per day is
     computed using all responses from a given sample of the population,
     including those of respondents who did not do a particular activity on
     their diary day. These estimates reflect how many persons engaged in an
     activity and the amount of time they spent doing it.

   --Average hours per day, persons who did the activity. The average number
     of hours per day is computed using only responses from those who engaged
     in a particular activity on their diary day.

Diary day. The diary day is the day about which the respondent reports. For
example, the diary day of a respondent interviewed on Tuesday is the preceding
Monday.

Earnings

   --Usual weekly earnings. Estimates represent the earnings of full-time wage
     and salary workers with one job only (both incorporated and unincorporated
     self-employed are excluded), before taxes and other deductions. They
     include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received. Usual
     weekly earnings are only updated in ATUS for about one-third of employed
     respondents--if the respondent changed jobs or employment status between
     the CPS and ATUS interviews or if the CPS weekly earnings value was
     imputed. This means that the earnings information could be out of date
     because the CPS interview was done 2 to 5 months prior to the ATUS
     interview. Respondents are asked to identify the easiest way for them to
     report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, annually, or
     other) and how much they usually earn in the reported time period.
     Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly
     equivalent. The term "usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the
     respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed
     to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past
     4 or 5 months.

   --Weekly earnings ranges. The ranges used represent approximately 25 percent
     of full-time wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated
     self-employed are excluded) who held only one job. For example, 25 percent
     of full-time wage and salary workers with one job only had weekly earnings
     of $580 or less in 2016. These dollar values vary from year to year.

Employment status

   --Employed. All persons who:

     1) At any time during the 7 days prior to the interview did any work at
        all as paid employees, or worked in their own business or profession
        or on their own farm; or

     2) Were not working during the 7 days prior to the interview but had
        jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of
        illness, bad weather, vacation, childcare problems, labor-management
        disputes, maternity or paternity leave, job training, or other family
        or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time off
        or were seeking other jobs; or

     3) Usually worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a family-operated
        enterprise.

   --Employed full time. Full-time workers are those who usually worked 35 or
     more hours per week at all jobs combined.

   --Employed part time. Part-time workers are those who usually worked fewer
     than 35 hours per week at all jobs combined.

   --Not employed. Persons are not employed if they do not meet the conditions
     for employment. People who are not employed include those classified as
     unemployed as well as those classified as not in the labor force (using
     CPS definitions).

The numbers of employed and not employed persons in this release do not correspond
to published totals from the CPS for several reasons. First, the reference
population for the ATUS is age 15 years and over, whereas it is age 16 years and
over for the CPS. Second, ATUS data are collected continuously, the employment
reference period being the 7 days prior to the interview. By contrast, CPS data
are usually collected during the week including the 19th of the month and
generally refer to employment during the week containing the 12th of the month.
Finally, the CPS accepts answers from household members about other household
members whereas such proxy responses are not allowed in the ATUS. One consequence
of the difference in proxy reporting is that a significantly higher proportion of
teenagers report employment in the ATUS than in the CPS. While the information on
employment from the ATUS is useful for assessing work in the context of other
daily activities, the employment data are not intended for analysis of current
employment trends. Compared with the CPS and other estimates of employment, the
ATUS estimates are based on a much smaller sample and are only available with a
substantial lag since ATUS data and estimates are published during the year
following data collection.

Household children. Household children are children under age 18 residing in the
household of the ATUS respondent. The children may be related to the respondent
(such as his or her own children, grandchildren, nieces or nephews, or brothers
or sisters) or not related (such as foster children or children of roommates or
boarders).

Primary activity. A primary activity is the main activity a respondent was doing
at a specified time. With the exception of secondary childcare in table 10, the
estimates presented in this release reflect time spent in primary activities
only.

Secondary activities. A secondary (or simultaneous) activity is an activity done
at the same time as a primary activity. With the exception of the care of children
under age 13, information on secondary activities is not systematically
collected in the ATUS.

Secondary childcare. Secondary childcare is care for children under age 13 that
is done while doing an activity other than primary childcare, such as cooking
dinner. Secondary childcare estimates are derived by summing the durations of
activities during which respondents had at least one child under age 13 in their
care while doing other things. The time individuals spend providing secondary
childcare is further restricted to the time between when the first household
child under age 13 woke up and when the last household child under age 13 went
to bed. It is also restricted to times the respondent was awake. If respondents
report providing both primary and secondary care at the same time, the time is
attributed to primary care only.

Weekday, weekend, and holiday estimates. Estimates for weekdays are an average
of reports about Monday through Friday, excluding holidays. Estimates for
weekend days and holidays are an average of reports about Saturdays, Sundays,
and the following holidays:  New Year's Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth
of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. Data were not collected
about New Year's Day in 2012, and Christmas Day in 2014 and 2016.

Major activity category definitions

The following definitions describe the activity categories shown in this report.
All major time-use categories in this release include related travel time and
waiting time. For example, time spent "driving to the stadium" and time spent
"waiting to get into the stadium to play ball" are included in Leisure and
sports.

Personal care activities. Personal care activities include sleeping, grooming
(such as bathing or dressing), health-related self-care, and personal or
private activities. Receiving unpaid personal care from others (for example,
"my sister put polish on my nails") also is captured in this category. In
general, respondents are not asked who they were with or where they were for
personal care activities, as such information can be sensitive.

Eating and drinking. All time spent eating or drinking (except eating and
drinking done as part of a work or volunteer activity), whether alone, with
others, at home, at a place of purchase, or somewhere else, is classified here.

Household activities. Household activities are activities done by people to
maintain their households. These include housework; cooking; lawn and garden
care; pet care; vehicle maintenance and repair; home maintenance, repair,
decoration, and renovation; and household management and organizational
activities (such as filling out paperwork or planning a party). Food
preparation, whether or not reported as done specifically for another
household member, is always classified as a household activity unless it
was done as a volunteer, work, or income-generating activity. For example,
"making breakfast for my son" is coded as a household activity, not as
childcare.

Purchasing goods and services. This category includes time spent purchasing
consumer goods, professional and personal care services, household services,
and government services. Consumer purchases include most purchases and
rentals of consumer goods, regardless of the mode or place of purchase or
rental (in person, via telephone, over the Internet, at home, or in a store).
Gasoline, grocery, other food purchases, and all other shopping are further
broken out in subcategories.

Time spent obtaining, receiving, and purchasing professional and personal
care services provided by someone else also is classified in this category.
Professional services include childcare, financial services and banking,
legal services, medical and adult care services, real estate services, and
veterinary services. Personal care services include day spas, hair salons
and barbershops, nail salons, and tanning salons. Activities classified here
include time spent paying, meeting with, or talking to service providers, as
well as time spent receiving the service or waiting to receive the service.

Time spent arranging for and purchasing household services provided by someone
else also is classified here. Household services include housecleaning; cooking;
lawn care and landscaping; pet care; tailoring, laundering, and dry cleaning;
vehicle maintenance and repairs; and home repairs, maintenance, and construction.

This category also captures the time spent obtaining government services--such
as applying for food stamps--and purchasing government-required licenses or
paying fines or fees.

Caring for and helping household members. Time spent doing activities to care
for or help any child (under age 18) or adult in the household, regardless of
relationship to the respondent or the physical or mental health status of the
person being helped, is classified here. Caring for and helping activities for
household children and adults are coded separately in subcategories.

Primary childcare activities include time spent providing physical care; playing
with children; reading with children; assistance with homework; attending
children's events; taking care of children's health needs; and dropping off,
picking up, and waiting for children. Passive childcare done as a primary
activity (such as "keeping an eye on my son while he swam in the pool") also is
included. A child's presence during the activity is not enough in itself to
classify the activity as childcare. For example, "watching television with my
child" is coded as a leisure activity, not as childcare.

Secondary childcare occurs when persons have a child under age 13 "in their
care" while doing activities other than primary childcare. For a complete 
definition, see the Concepts and definitions section of this Technical Note.

Caring for and helping household members also includes a range of activities
done to benefit adult members of households, such as providing physical and
medical care or obtaining medical services. Doing something as a favor for or
helping another household adult does not automatically result in classification
as a helping activity. For example, a report of "helping my spouse cook dinner"
is considered a household activity (food preparation), not a helping activity,
because cooking dinner benefits the household as a whole. By contrast, doing
paperwork for another person usually benefits the individual, so a report of
"filling out an insurance application for my spouse" is considered a
helping activity.

Caring for and helping nonhousehold members. This category includes time spent
in activities done to care for or help others--both children (under age 18) and
adults--who do not live in the household. When done for or through an organization,
time spent helping nonhousehold members is classified as volunteering, rather than
as helping nonhousehold members. Care of nonhousehold children, even when done as
a favor or helping activity for another adult, is always classified as caring for
and helping nonhousehold children, not as helping another adult.

Working and work-related activities. This category includes time spent working,
doing activities as part of one's job, engaging in income-generating activities
not as part of one's job, and job search activities. "Working" includes hours
spent doing the specific tasks required of one's main or other job, regardless
of location or time of day. "Work-related activities" include activities that are
not obviously work but are done as part of one's job, such as having a business
lunch and playing golf with clients. "Other income-generating activities" are
those done "on the side" or under informal arrangement and are not part of a
regular job. Such activities might include selling homemade crafts, maintaining
a rental property, or having a yard sale. These activities are those for which
people are paid or will be paid.

Travel time related to working and work-related activities includes time spent
traveling to and from work, as well as time spent traveling for work-related,
income-generating, and job search activities.

Educational activities. Time spent taking classes for a degree or for personal
interest (including taking Internet or other distance-learning courses), time
spent doing research and homework, and time spent taking care of administrative
tasks related to education (such as registering for classes or obtaining a
school ID) are included in this category. For high school students, before- and
after-school extracurricular activities (except sports) also are classified as
educational activities. Educational activities do not include time spent for
classes or training received as part of a job. Time spent helping others with
their education-related activities is classified as an activity involving
caring for and helping others.

Organizational, civic, and religious activities. This category captures time
spent volunteering for or through an organization, performing civic obligations,
and participating in religious and spiritual activities. Civic obligations
include government-required duties, such as serving jury duty or appearing in
court, and activities that assist or influence government processes, such as
voting or attending town hall meetings. Religious activities include those
normally associated with membership in or identification with specific religions
or denominations, such as attending religious services; participating in choirs,
youth groups, orchestras, or unpaid teaching (unless identified as volunteer
activities); and engaging in personal religious practices, such as praying.

Leisure and sports. The leisure and sports category includes time spent in
sports, exercise, and recreation; socializing and communicating; and other
leisure activities. Sports, exercise, and recreation activities include
participating in--as well as attending or watching--sports, exercise, and
recreational activities. Recreational activities include yard games like
croquet or horseshoes, as well as activities like billiards and dancing.
Socializing and communicating includes face-to-face social communication and
hosting or attending social functions. Leisure activities include watching
television; reading; relaxing or thinking; playing computer, board, or card
games; using a computer or the Internet for personal interest; playing or
listening to music; and other activities, such as attending arts, cultural,
and entertainment events.

Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail. This category captures time spent in
telephone communication and household or personal mail or e-mail. This
category also includes texting and Internet voice and video calling.
Telephone and Internet purchases are classified in Purchasing goods and
services. Telephone calls, mail, or e-mail identified as related to work or
volunteering are classified as work or volunteering.

Other activities, not elsewhere classified. This residual category includes
security procedures related to traveling, traveling not associated with a
specific activity category, ambiguous activities that could not be coded, and
missing activities. Missing activities result when respondents did not remember
what they did for a period of time, or when they considered an activity too
private or personal to report.

Processing and estimation

After ATUS data are collected, they go through an editing and imputation
procedure. Responses to CPS questions that are re-asked in the ATUS go through
the regular CPS edit and imputation procedures. Some item nonresponses for
questions unique to the ATUS (such as where an activity took place or how much
time was spent doing secondary childcare) also are imputed. Missing activities
and missing values for who was present during an activity are never imputed.

ATUS records are weighted quarterly to reduce bias in the estimates due to
differences in sampling and response rates across subpopulations and days of
the week. Specifically, the data are weighted to ensure the following:

   --Weekdays represent about 5/7 of the weighted data, and weekend days
     represent about 2/7 of the weighted data for the population as a whole.
     The actual proportions depend on the number of weekdays and weekend
     days in a given quarter.

   --The sum of the weights is equal to the number of person-days in the
     quarter for the population as a whole and for selected subpopulations.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the ATUS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, estimates differ
from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference
that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.

Sample estimates from a given survey design are unbiased when an average of the
estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true
population value. In this case, the sample estimate and its standard error can
be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values that
include the true population value with known probabilities. If the process of
selecting a sample from the population were repeated many times, an estimate made
from each sample, and a suitable estimate of its standard error calculated for
each sample, then approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.645 standard
errors below the estimate to 1.645 standard errors above the estimate would
include the true population value. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence.

The ATUS data also are affected by nonsampling error, which is the average
difference between population and sample values for samples generated by a 
given process. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including failure
to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all
persons in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide
correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data. Errors also could occur if nonresponse is correlated with time use.

Publication requirements

Estimates of average hours per day and participation rates are not published
unless there are a minimum number of respondents representing the given
population. Additional publication criteria are applied that include the number
of respondents who reported doing a specified activity and the standard error
or coefficient of variation for the estimate. Estimates that are considered
"close to zero" or that round to 0.00, are published as approximately zero or
"~0." For a detailed description of the statistical reliability criteria
necessary for publication, please contact ATUS staff at ATUSinfo@bls.gov.

Table 1. Time spent in primary activities and percent of the civilian population engaging in each activity, averages per day
by sex, 2016 annual averages

Activity	Average hours per day, civilian population			Average percent engaged in the activity per day			Average hours per day for persons who engaged in the activity
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Total, all activities(1)	24.00	24.00	24.00	-	-	-	-	-	-
Personal care activities	9.58	9.34	9.80	100.0	100.0	100.0	9.58	9.34	9.81
Sleeping	8.79	8.69	8.88	99.9	99.9	99.9	8.80	8.70	8.89
Eating and drinking	1.17	1.19	1.16	94.7	94.4	95.0	1.24	1.26	1.22
Household activities	1.82	1.38	2.24	77.4	68.8	85.4	2.36	2.01	2.62
Housework	0.57	0.26	0.87	35.8	21.1	49.6	1.60	1.25	1.74
Food preparation and cleanup	0.59	0.35	0.82	57.8	45.1	69.7	1.02	0.77	1.17
Lawn and garden care	0.19	0.25	0.13	10.3	12.4	8.3	1.85	2.05	1.58
Household management	0.14	0.12	0.16	19.4	16.0	22.5	0.72	0.76	0.69
Purchasing goods and services	0.76	0.63	0.89	44.6	40.3	48.6	1.71	1.55	1.82
Consumer goods purchases	0.36	0.28	0.43	40.5	36.8	44.0	0.89	0.76	0.98
Professional and personal care services	0.09	0.06	0.11	7.8	5.3	10.2	1.11	1.15	1.09
Caring for and helping household members	0.52	0.34	0.69	25.2	19.4	30.6	2.07	1.76	2.25
Caring for and helping household children	0.40	0.26	0.54	20.6	15.5	25.4	1.94	1.64	2.12
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	0.21	0.19	0.23	12.4	11.0	13.7	1.71	1.74	1.68
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults	0.07	0.08	0.07	8.4	7.8	8.9	0.86	1.02	0.74
Working and work-related activities	3.61	4.39	2.88	45.0	51.5	38.9	8.02	8.52	7.41
Working	3.28	3.99	2.62	43.1	49.7	37.0	7.61	8.02	7.08
Educational activities	0.49	0.45	0.53	8.3	7.2	9.3	5.92	6.31	5.65
Attending class	0.27	0.26	0.28	5.3	4.7	5.9	5.16	5.63	4.82
Homework and research	0.18	0.15	0.20	6.2	5.2	7.1	2.90	2.99	2.84
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	0.32	0.29	0.36	14.3	12.2	16.3	2.26	2.36	2.19
Religious and spiritual activities	0.16	0.14	0.18	9.7	8.0	11.3	1.64	1.70	1.60
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)	0.13	0.12	0.14	5.9	5.4	6.3	2.15	2.14	2.16
Leisure and sports	5.13	5.51	4.77	95.8	96.4	95.3	5.35	5.71	5.01
Socializing and communicating	0.65	0.64	0.67	35.9	33.8	37.8	1.82	1.89	1.77
Watching television	2.73	2.94	2.52	79.1	80.2	78.1	3.45	3.67	3.23
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.32	0.39	0.25	20.9	22.7	19.2	1.52	1.73	1.29
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	0.16	0.12	0.19	20.9	16.9	24.7	0.76	0.73	0.78
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.22	0.18	0.27	16.2	13.6	18.7	1.38	1.31	1.43
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions.
- Not applicable. NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.

Table 2. Time spent in primary activities and percent of the civilian population engaging in each
activity, averages per day on weekdays and weekends, 2016 annual averages

Activity	Average hours per day, civilian population		Average percent engaged in the activity per day		Average hours per day for persons who engaged in the activity
	Weekdays	Weekends and holidays	Weekdays	Weekends and holidays	Weekdays	Weekends and holidays
Total, all activities(1)	24.00	24.00	-	-	-	-
Personal care activities	9.31	10.21	100.0	100.0	9.32	10.21
Sleeping	8.50	9.48	99.9	99.9	8.51	9.49
Eating and drinking	1.12	1.29	94.8	94.4	1.18	1.37
Household activities	1.69	2.14	76.9	78.4	2.20	2.73
Housework	0.52	0.70	34.2	39.8	1.53	1.76
Food preparation and cleanup	0.58	0.62	58.9	55.4	0.98	1.13
Lawn and garden care	0.17	0.25	9.8	11.6	1.70	2.15
Household management	0.13	0.16	19.1	20.1	0.68	0.80
Purchasing goods and services	0.71	0.87	43.7	46.6	1.63	1.87
Consumer goods purchases	0.31	0.48	38.6	45.0	0.80	1.07
Professional and personal care services	0.10	0.05	9.4	3.9	1.10	1.16
Caring for and helping household members	0.54	0.47	26.4	22.5	2.07	2.08
Caring for and helping household children	0.41	0.39	21.6	18.4	1.88	2.12
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	0.21	0.21	12.4	12.3	1.73	1.66
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults	0.07	0.08	8.2	8.8	0.85	0.89
Working and work-related activities	4.60	1.26	54.5	22.3	8.44	5.62
Working	4.19	1.11	52.6	20.5	7.96	5.42
Educational activities	0.60	0.23	9.3	5.9	6.47	3.87
Attending class	0.38	0.03	7.1	1.0	5.27	3.36
Homework and research	0.18	0.19	6.6	5.1	2.67	3.61
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	0.24	0.52	12.1	19.5	1.98	2.68
Religious and spiritual activities	0.10	0.31	7.1	15.9	1.36	1.94
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)	0.12	0.14	5.9	5.8	2.02	2.47
Leisure and sports	4.58	6.43	95.1	97.5	4.82	6.59
Socializing and communicating	0.52	0.98	33.8	40.8	1.53	2.41
Watching television	2.48	3.31	78.2	81.4	3.18	4.07
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.29	0.38	21.3	19.9	1.37	1.91
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	0.17	0.14	22.4	17.3	0.75	0.79
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.22	0.24	16.1	16.6	1.35	1.45
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions.
- Not applicable. NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.

Table 3. Time spent in primary activities for the civilian population by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, marital status, and
educational attainment, 2016 annual averages

Characteristic	Average hours per day spent in primary activities(1)
	Personal care activities	Eating and drinking	Household activities	Purchasing goods and services	Caring for and helping household members	Caring for and helping non- household members	Working and work- related activities	Educational activities	Organizational, civic, and religious activities	Leisure and sports	Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	Other activities, not elsewhere classified
Age and sex
Total, 15 years and over	9.58	1.17	1.82	0.76	0.52	0.21	3.61	0.49	0.32	5.13	0.16	0.22
15 to 19 years	10.55	1.02	0.68	0.45	0.14	0.23	1.15	3.90	0.23	5.20	0.21	0.25
20 to 24 years	10.15	1.00	1.13	0.64	0.33	0.16	4.20	0.99	0.14	4.80	0.12	(2)-
25 to 34 years	9.51	1.24	1.57	0.69	1.02	0.12	4.88	0.31	0.21	4.13	0.12	0.20
35 to 44 years	9.23	1.15	1.90	0.71	1.16	0.14	5.07	0.10	0.28	3.97	0.12	0.17
45 to 54 years	9.23	1.11	1.97	0.82	0.52	0.17	4.81	0.08	0.34	4.59	0.14	0.22
55 to 64 years	9.35	1.19	2.05	0.86	0.13	0.36	3.69	0.03	0.41	5.57	0.18	0.18
65 to 74 years	9.52	1.26	2.56	0.96	0.13	0.37	1.31	0.02	0.48	6.92	0.21	0.25
75 years and over	10.07	1.39	2.35	0.86	0.14	0.17	0.35	(3)-	0.52	7.60	0.26	0.31
Men, 15 years and over	9.34	1.19	1.38	0.63	0.34	0.19	4.39	0.45	0.29	5.51	0.12	0.18
15 to 19 years	10.41	0.97	0.57	0.31	0.11	0.29	1.32	3.74	0.21	5.75	0.18	0.14
20 to 24 years	10.03	0.94	0.80	0.59	0.10	0.23	4.77	0.55	0.19	5.57	0.08	0.15
25 to 34 years	9.21	1.26	1.25	0.50	0.49	0.13	5.79	(2)-	0.20	4.55	0.13	0.15
35 to 44 years	9.02	1.19	1.23	0.60	0.92	0.12	6.05	0.10	0.25	4.21	0.11	0.19
45 to 54 years	8.82	1.16	1.56	0.75	0.39	0.15	5.77	0.04	0.24	4.83	0.11	0.18
55 to 64 years	9.12	1.22	1.55	0.69	0.09	0.17	4.60	(3)-	0.41	5.93	0.11	0.12
65 to 74 years	9.43	1.24	2.00	0.78	0.09	0.38	1.70	(2)-	0.40	7.58	0.12	0.24
75 years and over	9.78	1.48	2.02	0.76	0.11	0.19	(2)-	(3)-	0.49	8.06	0.19	0.32
Women, 15 years and over	9.80	1.16	2.24	0.89	0.69	0.23	2.88	0.53	0.36	4.77	0.19	0.27
15 to 19 years	10.70	1.08	0.79	0.60	0.16	0.16	0.97	4.07	0.26	4.63	0.24	0.36
20 to 24 years	10.27	1.07	1.47	0.70	0.56	0.09	3.63	1.44	0.09	4.01	0.15	(2)-
25 to 34 years	9.80	1.21	1.88	0.88	1.54	0.11	3.99	0.28	0.22	3.73	0.11	0.24
35 to 44 years	9.43	1.11	2.55	0.82	1.40	0.15	4.13	0.10	0.30	3.74	0.12	0.16
45 to 54 years	9.62	1.06	2.37	0.88	0.64	0.19	3.89	0.12	0.44	4.35	0.17	0.26
55 to 64 years	9.56	1.16	2.52	1.01	0.17	0.53	2.86	0.06	0.41	5.25	0.24	0.23
65 to 74 years	9.61	1.27	3.05	1.12	0.16	0.35	0.97	0.02	0.56	6.35	0.28	0.25
75 years and over	10.28	1.33	2.58	0.92	0.16	0.16	0.17	(3)-	0.53	7.26	0.32	0.30
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White, 15 years and over	9.50	1.21	1.89	0.76	0.53	0.22	3.62	0.48	0.31	5.11	0.15	0.22
Men	9.27	1.22	1.44	0.62	0.35	0.19	4.45	0.42	0.28	5.48	0.11	0.16
Women	9.72	1.19	2.32	0.89	0.71	0.25	2.82	0.54	0.35	4.75	0.18	0.27
Black or African American, 15 years and over	9.97	0.87	1.43	0.78	0.38	0.15	3.52	0.37	0.42	5.63	0.22	0.24
Men	9.80	0.82	1.12	0.67	0.26	0.14	3.81	0.33	0.38	6.27	0.18	0.21
Women	10.12	0.91	1.69	0.87	0.49	0.16	3.28	0.40	0.47	5.09	0.26	0.27
Asian, 15 years and over	9.47	1.49	1.81	0.70	0.69	0.16	3.82	1.11	0.24	4.05	0.18	0.28
Men	9.15	1.63	1.10	0.48	0.43	(2)-	4.68	(2)-	0.26	3.89	0.20	(2)-
Women	9.72	1.37	2.38	0.89	0.91	0.02	3.13	(2)-	0.23	4.18	0.17	0.27
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 15 years and over	9.82	1.08	1.86	0.77	0.73	0.16	3.82	0.65	0.32	4.52	0.12	0.16
Men	9.55	1.05	1.17	0.72	0.37	0.15	4.83	0.64	0.30	4.97	0.10	0.15
Women	10.10	1.11	2.54	0.81	1.09	0.16	2.82	0.66	0.34	4.07	0.14	0.17
Marital status and sex
Married, spouse present	9.25	1.25	2.17	0.80	0.76	0.23	3.84	0.09	0.38	4.90	0.13	0.22
Men	9.01	1.28	1.58	0.66	0.54	0.19	4.78	0.05	0.35	5.29	0.09	0.18
Women	9.49	1.22	2.75	0.94	0.97	0.26	2.91	0.13	0.40	4.52	0.16	0.25
Other marital statuses	9.92	1.09	1.47	0.72	0.28	0.20	3.37	0.91	0.27	5.36	0.19	0.23
Men	9.70	1.08	1.15	0.58	0.12	0.19	3.96	0.90	0.21	5.76	0.16	0.18
Women	10.11	1.10	1.74	0.83	0.41	0.20	2.85	0.92	0.31	5.02	0.22	0.28
Educational attainment, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma	10.03	0.98	2.20	0.75	0.60	0.16	2.72	(2)-	0.38	5.85	0.12	0.17
High school diploma, no college	9.61	1.10	2.15	0.74	0.46	0.26	3.17	0.06	0.36	5.72	0.14	0.23
Some college or associate degree	9.40	1.16	2.01	0.88	0.55	0.25	3.91	0.12	0.35	5.03	0.15	0.17
Bachelor's degree and higher	9.12	1.38	1.83	0.81	0.68	0.17	4.50	0.16	0.34	4.58	0.19	0.24
Bachelor's degree only	9.17	1.38	1.81	0.79	0.70	0.18	4.48	0.15	0.32	4.61	0.17	0.22
Advanced degree	9.03	1.37	1.86	0.85	0.66	0.16	4.54	0.17	0.35	4.54	0.20	0.26
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. (3) Estimate is approximately zero.
NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.

Table 4. Employed persons working and time spent working on days worked by full- and part-time status and sex, jobholding status, educational attainment, and day of week, 2016 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Total Employed	Employed persons who worked on an average day			Employed persons who worked on an average weekday			Employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday
		Number	Percent of employed	Average hours of work	Number(1)	Percent of employed	Average hours of work	Number(2)	Percent of employed	Average hours of work
Full- and part-time status and sex
Total, 15 years and over(3)	161,767	110,592	68.4	7.63	133,929	82.8	7.99	53,409	33.0	5.44
Full-time workers	124,574	90,275	72.5	8.15	109,970	88.3	8.56	41,978	33.7	5.48
Part-time workers	37,193	20,318	54.6	5.34	23,952	64.4	5.35	11,433	30.7	5.27
Men(3)	86,113	61,666	71.6	8.04	73,931	85.9	8.45	31,067	36.1	5.63
Full-time workers	72,970	54,468	74.6	8.35	65,537	89.8	8.78	26,504	36.3	5.66
Part-time workers	13,143	7,198	54.8	5.73	8,325	63.3	5.80	4,573	34.8	5.46
Women(3)	75,654	48,927	64.7	7.11	59,969	79.3	7.41	22,412	29.6	5.18
Full-time workers	51,604	35,807	69.4	7.84	44,410	86.1	8.23	15,568	30.2	5.20
Part-time workers	24,050	13,119	54.5	5.12	15,625	65.0	5.12	6,831	28.4	5.13
Jobholding status
Single jobholders	145,543	97,319	66.9	7.59	119,277	82.0	7.93	43,950	30.2	5.38
Multiple jobholders	16,224	13,273	81.8	7.90	14,625	90.1	8.45	9,707	59.8	5.70
Educational attainment, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma	9,693	6,546	67.5	8.00	8,023	82.8	8.15	3,083	31.8	7.10
High school graduates, no college	34,377	23,076	67.1	7.87	28,334	82.4	8.09	9,639	28.0	6.23
Some college or associate degree	34,655	23,846	68.8	7.92	28,829	83.2	8.21	11,747	33.9	6.16
Bachelor's degree and higher	59,417	42,719	71.9	7.47	52,058	87.6	8.04	20,665	34.8	4.08
Bachelor's degree only	35,804	25,494	71.2	7.56	31,060	86.8	8.06	12,062	33.7	4.46
Advanced degree	23,614	17,225	72.9	7.33	21,003	88.9	8.00	8,589	36.4	3.57
Footnotes (1) Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average weekday. (2) Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday. (3) Includes workers whose hours vary.
NOTE: Includes work at main and other job(s), and excludes travel related to work. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over.

Table 5. Employed persons working on main job and time spent working on days worked by class of worker, occupation, earnings, and day of week, 2016 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Total Employed	Employed persons who worked on an average day			Employed persons who worked on an average weekday			Employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday
		Number	Percent of employed	Average hours of work	Number(1)	Percent of employed	Average hours of work	Number(2)	Percent of employed	Average hours of work
Class of worker (main job only)
Wage and salary workers	150,806	101,800	67.5	7.64	124,636	82.6	7.97	45,697	30.3	5.41
Self-employed workers(3)	10,822	6,757	62.4	6.32	7,904	73.0	6.66	4,095	37.8	4.80
Occupation (main job only)
Management, business, and financial operations	27,799	19,797	71.2	7.79	24,613	88.5	8.40	9,037	32.5	4.05
Professional and related	39,787	27,954	70.3	7.43	34,574	86.9	7.90	11,986	30.1	4.18
Service	29,115	18,158	62.4	7.28	20,318	69.8	7.41	11,694	40.2	6.63
Sales and related	15,673	11,358	72.5	7.37	12,884	82.2	7.60	7,451	47.5	6.35
Office and administrative support	19,100	11,611	60.8	7.17	15,221	79.7	7.38	3,729	19.5	5.36
Farming, fishing, and forestry	1,050	(4)-	(4)-	8.25	(4)-	(4)-	8.26	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-
Construction and extraction	7,236	4,826	66.7	8.09	6,174	85.3	8.44	1,695	23.4	5.18
Installation, maintenance, and repair	3,926	2,511	63.9	8.01	3,482	88.7	8.17	408	10.4	4.93
Production	8,603	5,474	63.6	8.57	7,025	81.7	8.69	1,825	21.2	7.54
Transportation and material moving	9,478	6,294	66.4	7.73	7,723	81.5	7.90	2,525	26.6	6.34
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers (single jobholders only)(5)
$0 - $580	25,670	17,240	67.2	8.09	21,251	82.8	8.29	8,251	32.1	6.98
$581 - $920	25,710	17,723	68.9	8.15	22,433	87.3	8.34	6,241	24.3	6.54
$921 - $1,440	25,379	18,251	71.9	8.26	22,816	89.9	8.64	6,498	25.6	4.82
$1,441 and higher	26,115	19,473	74.6	8.09	23,889	91.5	8.76	8,937	34.2	3.76
Footnotes (1) Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average weekday. (2) Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday. (3) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated. Self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated are classified as wage and salary workers. (4) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. (5) The earnings data are limited to wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed workers are excluded). Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers who held only one job.
NOTE: Includes work at main job only and excludes travel related to work. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.

Table 6. Employed persons working at home, workplace, and time spent working at each location by full- and part-time status and sex, jobholding status, and educational attainment, 2016 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Total Employed	Employed persons who worked on an average day			Employed persons who worked at their workplace on an average day(1)			Employed persons who worked at home on an average day(1)(2)
		Number	Percent of employed	Average hours of work	Number	Percent of those who worked	Average hours of work at workplace	Number	Percent of those who worked	Average hours of work at home
Full- and part-time status and sex
Total, 15 years and over(3)	161,767	110,592	68.4	7.63	92,045	83.2	7.88	24,703	22.3	3.13
Full-time workers	124,574	90,275	72.5	8.15	75,881	84.1	8.33	20,214	22.4	3.31
Part-time workers	37,193	20,318	54.6	5.34	16,164	79.6	5.78	4,489	22.1	2.31
Men(3)	86,113	61,666	71.6	8.04	51,823	84.0	8.23	13,146	21.3	3.28
Full-time workers	72,970	54,468	74.6	8.35	45,704	83.9	8.55	11,899	21.8	3.32
Part-time workers	13,143	7,198	54.8	5.73	6,119	85.0	5.90	1,246	17.3	2.93
Women(3)	75,654	48,927	64.7	7.11	40,222	82.2	7.43	11,557	23.6	2.95
Full-time workers	51,604	35,807	69.4	7.84	30,177	84.3	8.00	8,314	23.2	3.30
Part-time workers	24,050	13,119	54.5	5.12	10,045	76.6	5.70	3,243	24.7	2.08
Jobholding status
Single jobholders	145,543	97,319	66.9	7.59	81,430	83.7	7.87	20,439	21.0	3.05
Multiple jobholders	16,224	13,273	81.8	7.90	10,616	80.0	7.95	4,264	32.1	3.49
Educational attainment, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma	9,693	6,546	67.5	8.00	5,599	85.5	7.85	577	8.8	5.14
High school graduates, no college	34,377	23,076	67.1	7.87	20,714	89.8	8.08	2,780	12.0	2.89
Some college or associate degree	34,655	23,846	68.8	7.92	20,361	85.4	7.98	4,914	20.6	3.60
Bachelor's degree and higher	59,417	42,719	71.9	7.47	31,855	74.6	7.98	15,476	36.2	2.99
Bachelor's degree only	35,804	25,494	71.2	7.56	19,678	77.2	8.10	8,047	31.6	3.00
Advanced degree	23,614	17,225	72.9	7.33	12,177	70.7	7.80	7,429	43.1	2.97
Footnotes (1) Individuals may have worked at more than one location. (2) Working at home includes any time persons did work at home and is not restricted to persons whose usual workplace is their home. (3) Includes workers whose hours vary.
NOTE: Includes work at main and other job(s) and at locations other than home or workplace. Excludes travel related to work. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over.

Table 7. Employed persons working on main job at home, workplace, and time spent working at each location by class of worker, occupation, and earnings, 2016 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Total Employed	Employed persons who worked on an average day			Employed persons who worked at their workplace on an average day(1)			Employed persons who worked at home on an average day(1)(2)
		Number	Percent of employed	Average hours of work	Number	Percent of those who worked	Average hours of work at workplace	Number	Percent of those who worked	Average hours of work at home
Class of worker (main job only)
Wage and salary workers	150,806	101,800	67.5	7.64	87,151	85.6	7.89	19,574	19.2	2.88
Self-employed workers(3)	10,822	6,757	62.4	6.32	3,373	49.9	6.77	3,633	53.8	4.30
Occupation (main job only)
Management, business, and financial operations	27,799	19,797	71.2	7.79	14,946	75.5	8.27	6,748	34.1	3.60
Professional and related	39,787	27,954	70.3	7.43	21,483	76.9	7.96	9,315	33.3	2.89
Service	29,115	18,158	62.4	7.28	16,165	89.0	7.54	1,726	9.5	2.59
Sales and related	15,673	11,358	72.5	7.37	9,719	85.6	7.38	2,550	22.5	3.32
Office and administrative support	19,100	11,611	60.8	7.17	10,420	89.7	7.52	1,317	11.3	2.34
Farming, fishing, and forestry	1,050	(4)-	(4)-	8.25	(4)-	(4)-	7.85	(4)-	(4)-	(4)-
Construction and extraction	7,236	4,826	66.7	8.09	4,348	90.1	8.35	445	9.2	3.69
Installation, maintenance, and repair	3,926	2,511	63.9	8.01	2,340	93.2	7.99	160	6.4	(4)-
Production	8,603	5,474	63.6	8.57	4,991	91.2	8.56	421	7.7	(4)-
Transportation and material moving	9,478	6,294	66.4	7.73	5,585	88.7	7.55	341	5.4	(4)-
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers (single jobholders only)(5)
$0 - $580	25,670	17,240	67.2	8.09	16,189	93.9	8.14	1,475	8.6	2.78
$581 - $920	25,710	17,723	68.9	8.15	16,055	90.6	8.26	2,269	12.8	2.49
$921 - $1,440	25,379	18,251	71.9	8.26	15,586	85.4	8.49	3,390	18.6	2.95
$1,441 and higher	26,115	19,473	74.6	8.09	15,191	78.0	8.52	6,501	33.4	2.89
Footnotes (1) Individuals may have worked at more than one location. (2) Working at home includes any time persons did work at home and is not restricted to persons whose usual workplace is their home. (3) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated. Self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated are classified as wage and salary workers. (4) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. (5) The earnings data are limited to wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed workers are excluded). Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers who held only one job.
NOTE: Includes work at main job only and at locations other than home or workplace. Excludes travel related to work. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.

Table 8A. Time spent in primary activities for the civilian population 18 years and over by presence and age of youngest household child and sex, 2016 annual averages, total

Activity	Average hours per day spent in primary activities
	Household child under 18									No household children under 18
	Total			Youngest household child under 6			Youngest household child 6 to 17			Total	Men	Women
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Total, all activities(1)	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00
Personal care activities	9.32	8.98	9.60	9.28	8.93	9.57	9.35	9.02	9.62	9.63	9.41	9.85
Sleeping	8.57	8.36	8.74	8.60	8.35	8.80	8.54	8.36	8.69	8.82	8.74	8.90
Eating and drinking	1.12	1.14	1.10	1.14	1.15	1.12	1.11	1.13	1.09	1.21	1.22	1.20
Household activities	1.97	1.38	2.45	2.01	1.32	2.55	1.94	1.42	2.37	1.86	1.46	2.24
Housework	0.69	0.31	1.00	0.75	0.33	1.09	0.64	0.30	0.92	0.55	0.25	0.84
Food preparation and cleanup	0.75	0.38	1.06	0.81	0.38	1.15	0.70	0.37	0.97	0.54	0.35	0.73
Lawn and garden care	0.14	0.21	0.08	0.09	0.16	0.04	0.17	0.25	0.11	0.23	0.29	0.17
Household management	0.13	0.11	0.14	0.12	0.11	0.13	0.13	0.11	0.16	0.15	0.14	0.17
Purchasing goods and services	0.75	0.64	0.84	0.72	0.56	0.84	0.78	0.70	0.84	0.80	0.66	0.94
Consumer goods purchases	0.38	0.32	0.42	0.38	0.29	0.45	0.37	0.34	0.41	0.36	0.28	0.45
Professional and personal care services	0.08	0.06	0.09	0.06	0.04	0.08	0.09	0.08	0.10	0.10	0.07	0.13
Caring for and helping household members	1.46	1.02	1.81	2.15	1.53	2.63	0.90	0.61	1.13	0.06	0.05	0.08
Caring for and helping household children	1.22	0.83	1.53	1.88	1.34	2.30	0.68	0.44	0.88	-	-	-
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	0.13	0.13	0.12	0.10	0.06	0.12	0.15	0.18	0.12	0.26	0.22	0.30
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults	0.05	0.06	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.07	0.10	0.04	0.08	0.09	0.08
Working and work-related activities	4.37	5.64	3.33	4.22	5.89	2.89	4.49	5.45	3.70	3.47	4.15	2.80
Working	3.96	5.11	3.02	3.85	5.34	2.66	4.05	4.93	3.32	3.16	3.78	2.55
Educational activities	0.29	0.20	0.37	0.20	0.07	0.30	0.37	0.30	0.42	0.24	0.18	0.30
Attending class	0.13	0.07	0.18	0.09	(2)-	0.15	0.16	0.12	0.20	0.09	0.06	0.12
Homework and research	0.14	0.10	0.17	0.10	0.06	0.13	0.17	0.14	0.19	0.13	0.10	0.15
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	0.31	0.29	0.32	0.25	0.29	0.22	0.35	0.28	0.40	0.34	0.30	0.38
Religious and spiritual activities	0.15	0.14	0.15	0.12	0.13	0.11	0.17	0.15	0.18	0.17	0.13	0.20
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)	0.12	0.10	0.13	0.10	0.11	0.08	0.14	0.09	0.17	0.14	0.13	0.14
Leisure and sports	3.98	4.31	3.71	3.66	3.92	3.45	4.25	4.63	3.93	5.72	6.05	5.39
Socializing and communicating	0.67	0.65	0.68	0.62	0.59	0.64	0.71	0.70	0.71	0.65	0.64	0.66
Watching television	2.00	2.23	1.81	1.86	2.11	1.67	2.11	2.33	1.94	3.18	3.38	2.98
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.27	0.31	0.24	0.23	0.25	0.22	0.30	0.37	0.25	0.30	0.37	0.23
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	0.10	0.09	0.11	0.10	0.11	0.09	0.10	0.07	0.13	0.18	0.13	0.24
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.21	0.19	0.23	0.19	0.16	0.21	0.22	0.20	0.24	0.23	0.18	0.28
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Estimate is approximately zero.
- Not applicable. NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included.

Table 8B. Time spent in primary activities for the civilian population 18 years and over by presence and age of youngest household child and sex, 2016 annual averages, employed

Activity	Average hours per day spent in primary activities
	Household child under 18									No household children under 18
	Total			Youngest household child under 6			Youngest household child 6 to 17			Total	Men	Women
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Total, all activities(1)	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00
Personal care activities	9.12	8.85	9.41	9.14	8.89	9.45	9.11	8.81	9.38	9.35	9.16	9.58
Sleeping	8.39	8.22	8.56	8.45	8.31	8.62	8.34	8.14	8.52	8.54	8.48	8.62
Eating and drinking	1.12	1.17	1.06	1.10	1.14	1.04	1.13	1.18	1.08	1.21	1.22	1.19
Household activities	1.63	1.29	2.00	1.57	1.27	1.93	1.68	1.30	2.04	1.43	1.20	1.70
Housework	0.53	0.26	0.82	0.54	0.31	0.82	0.53	0.22	0.81	0.41	0.24	0.62
Food preparation and cleanup	0.59	0.36	0.82	0.57	0.36	0.83	0.60	0.37	0.82	0.40	0.31	0.51
Lawn and garden care	0.14	0.22	0.06	0.11	0.17	0.03	0.17	0.26	0.08	0.17	0.20	0.13
Household management	0.11	0.09	0.14	0.10	0.08	0.12	0.13	0.10	0.15	0.12	0.11	0.13
Purchasing goods and services	0.67	0.61	0.74	0.63	0.54	0.73	0.71	0.67	0.74	0.73	0.59	0.89
Consumer goods purchases	0.34	0.31	0.37	0.32	0.27	0.38	0.36	0.34	0.37	0.34	0.25	0.44
Professional and personal care services	0.06	0.04	0.08	0.06	0.04	0.09	0.06	0.04	0.07	0.07	0.05	0.10
Caring for and helping household members	1.27	1.03	1.52	1.84	1.47	2.30	0.83	0.65	1.01	0.04	0.04	0.04
Caring for and helping household children	1.05	0.84	1.26	1.58	1.27	1.96	0.64	0.47	0.79	-	-	-
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.07	0.06	0.08	0.13	0.14	0.12	0.19	0.15	0.23
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.05	0.06	0.04	0.06	0.05	0.07
Working and work-related activities	5.77	6.49	5.00	5.75	6.45	4.90	5.78	6.53	5.06	5.74	6.27	5.11
Working	5.27	5.93	4.56	5.29	5.92	4.52	5.25	5.95	4.59	5.28	5.75	4.72
Educational activities	0.15	0.10	0.21	0.09	0.07	0.11	0.20	0.12	0.28	0.23	0.12	0.37
Attending class	0.05	(2)-	0.08	0.02	(2)-	(3)-	0.07	(3)-	0.11	0.08	0.04	0.14
Homework and research	0.09	0.06	0.11	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.11	0.07	0.14	0.13	0.08	0.19
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	0.27	0.28	0.27	0.24	0.29	0.19	0.30	0.27	0.32	0.25	0.22	0.28
Religious and spiritual activities	0.14	0.14	0.13	0.12	0.13	0.10	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.13	0.11	0.14
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.09	0.12	0.06	0.11	0.08	0.13	0.09	0.08	0.11
Leisure and sports	3.62	3.85	3.39	3.32	3.57	3.00	3.86	4.08	3.65	4.51	4.78	4.19
Socializing and communicating	0.60	0.58	0.61	0.54	0.55	0.53	0.64	0.61	0.67	0.59	0.54	0.64
Watching television	1.78	1.95	1.60	1.66	1.85	1.42	1.88	2.04	1.73	2.33	2.50	2.13
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.27	0.31	0.22	0.23	0.25	0.20	0.30	0.37	0.24	0.30	0.36	0.22
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.09	0.11	0.07	0.08	0.06	0.09	0.15	0.11	0.20
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.19	0.16	0.22	0.16	0.13	0.20	0.20	0.17	0.23	0.18	0.15	0.22
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Estimate is approximately zero. (3) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.
- Not applicable. NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included.

Table 8C. Time spent in primary activities for the civilian population 18 years and over by presence and age of youngest household child and sex, 2016 annual averages, not employed

Activity	Average hours per day spent in primary activities
	Household child under 18									No household children under 18
	Total			Youngest household child under 6			Youngest household child 6 to 17			Total	Men	Women
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Total, all activities(1)	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00
Personal care activities	9.91	9.77	9.96	9.66	9.28	9.73	10.15	9.99	10.24	10.04	9.87	10.16
Sleeping	9.12	9.19	9.10	9.00	8.71	9.05	9.24	9.40	9.15	9.23	9.25	9.22
Eating and drinking	1.13	0.99	1.18	1.24	1.24	1.23	1.03	0.88	1.11	1.22	1.23	1.21
Household activities	2.99	1.94	3.35	3.17	1.80	3.43	2.82	2.01	3.25	2.49	1.97	2.88
Housework	1.17	0.61	1.36	1.32	(2)-	1.48	1.02	0.66	1.21	0.75	0.29	1.10
Food preparation and cleanup	1.25	0.47	1.51	1.46	0.63	1.62	1.04	0.40	1.37	0.75	0.44	0.98
Lawn and garden care	0.12	0.17	0.10	0.06	(2)-	0.05	0.18	0.21	0.17	0.32	0.46	0.22
Household management	0.17	0.18	0.16	0.18	(2)-	0.15	0.15	0.11	0.18	0.20	0.19	0.21
Purchasing goods and services	0.98	0.82	1.04	0.96	0.79	0.99	1.01	0.83	1.11	0.91	0.79	1.00
Consumer goods purchases	0.49	0.37	0.52	0.54	(2)-	0.55	0.43	0.31	0.49	0.41	0.33	0.47
Professional and personal care services	0.12	(2)-	0.10	0.05	(2)-	0.06	0.19	(2)-	0.16	0.14	0.10	0.17
Caring for and helping household members	2.02	0.94	2.38	2.96	2.13	3.11	1.11	0.41	1.47	0.10	0.05	0.13
Caring for and helping household children	1.73	0.77	2.05	2.66	1.91	2.79	0.83	0.26	1.13	-	-	-
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	0.19	(2)-	0.16	0.17	(2)-	0.18	0.22	(2)-	0.15	0.37	0.35	0.38
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults	0.09	(2)-	0.06	0.07	(2)-	0.07	0.11	(2)-	0.04	0.11	0.15	0.09
Working and work-related activities(3)	0.16	(2)-	0.08	0.14	(2)-	(2)-	0.19	(2)-	0.12	0.10	0.13	0.08
Working(3)	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	0.02	(2)-	(4)-
Educational activities	0.71	(2)-	0.67	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	0.92	(2)-	0.80	0.25	0.30	0.22
Attending class	0.36	(2)-	0.36	(2)-	(2)-	(2)-	0.46	(2)-	0.41	0.11	0.12	0.10
Homework and research	0.29	(2)-	0.27	0.19	(2)-	0.22	0.38	(2)-	(2)-	0.12	0.15	0.10
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	0.40	0.35	0.42	0.28	(2)-	0.27	0.52	0.35	0.60	0.47	0.44	0.49
Religious and spiritual activities	0.17	0.16	0.17	0.13	0.20	0.12	0.21	0.15	0.25	0.23	0.18	0.26
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)	0.18	0.13	0.19	0.11	(2)-	0.12	0.24	0.16	0.28	0.20	0.22	0.18
Leisure and sports	5.06	7.17	4.34	4.56	7.07	4.09	5.53	7.22	4.65	7.52	8.48	6.81
Socializing and communicating	0.88	1.07	0.81	0.82	0.91	0.80	0.94	1.15	0.83	0.75	0.83	0.69
Watching television	2.65	3.93	2.22	2.40	4.45	2.01	2.90	3.71	2.48	4.44	5.06	3.98
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.28	0.32	0.27	0.24	0.23	0.24	0.32	0.36	0.29	0.30	0.38	0.24
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	0.16	0.13	0.17	0.12	(2)-	0.13	0.20	0.16	0.22	0.24	0.18	0.28
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.28	0.37	0.25	0.26	(2)-	0.23	0.30	0.34	0.28	0.30	0.23	0.35
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. (3) Estimates include a small amount of work time done by persons who do not meet the American Time Use Survey definition for employed. (4) Estimate is approximately zero.
- Not applicable. NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included.

Table 9. Time adults spent caring for household children as a primary activity by sex, age, and day of week, average for the combined years 2012-16

Childcare activities	Average hours per day adults spent caring for household children
	Total			Weekdays			Weekends and holidays
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Children under age 18, total
Caring for household children as a primary activity	1.37	0.93	1.75	1.45	0.92	1.88	1.21	0.95	1.42
Physical care	0.43	0.23	0.59	0.45	0.24	0.62	0.38	0.23	0.51
Education-related activities	0.11	0.07	0.15	0.14	0.08	0.19	0.05	0.03	0.06
Reading to/with children	0.04	0.02	0.05	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.03	0.02	0.04
Talking to/with children	0.05	0.03	0.07	0.06	0.03	0.08	0.03	0.02	0.05
Playing/doing hobbies with children	0.30	0.27	0.33	0.27	0.23	0.31	0.37	0.35	0.38
Looking after children	0.08	0.07	0.10	0.08	0.06	0.09	0.10	0.09	0.11
Attending children's events	0.06	0.05	0.07	0.05	0.03	0.06	0.09	0.08	0.10
Travel related to care of household children	0.18	0.12	0.24	0.22	0.14	0.29	0.09	0.08	0.11
Other childcare activities	0.12	0.07	0.16	0.14	0.08	0.19	0.06	0.04	0.07
Youngest child ages 6 to 17
Caring for household children as a primary activity	0.83	0.57	1.05	0.91	0.60	1.17	0.65	0.52	0.76
Physical care	0.15	0.08	0.20	0.16	0.09	0.23	0.10	0.06	0.14
Education-related activities	0.13	0.08	0.17	0.16	0.10	0.22	0.05	0.04	0.06
Reading to/with children	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.01	0.02
Talking to/with children	0.06	0.04	0.08	0.07	0.04	0.09	0.04	0.02	0.05
Playing/doing hobbies with children	0.07	0.08	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.10	0.12	0.08
Looking after children	0.05	0.04	0.06	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.07
Attending children's events	0.08	0.06	0.10	0.06	0.05	0.08	0.13	0.10	0.16
Travel related to care of household children	0.17	0.12	0.21	0.20	0.13	0.25	0.09	0.07	0.11
Other childcare activities	0.10	0.06	0.13	0.12	0.07	0.16	0.05	0.05	0.06
Child under age 6
Caring for household children as a primary activity	2.06	1.38	2.60	2.13	1.33	2.78	1.89	1.50	2.19
Physical care	0.78	0.43	1.06	0.80	0.42	1.11	0.72	0.45	0.94
Education-related activities	0.09	0.05	0.12	0.11	0.06	0.16	0.04	0.02	0.05
Reading to/with children	0.06	0.04	0.08	0.06	0.04	0.08	0.06	0.04	0.07
Talking to/with children	0.04	0.02	0.05	0.04	0.02	0.06	0.03	0.02	0.04
Playing/doing hobbies with children	0.59	0.51	0.66	0.55	0.44	0.63	0.69	0.65	0.72
Looking after children	0.12	0.10	0.15	0.11	0.08	0.14	0.16	0.14	0.16
Attending children's events	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.06	0.04
Travel related to care of household children	0.20	0.13	0.26	0.25	0.15	0.33	0.10	0.09	0.10
Other childcare activities	0.14	0.07	0.19	0.17	0.09	0.24	0.06	0.03	0.07
NOTE: Persons 18 years and over living in households with children under 18, whether or not they provided childcare.

Table 10. Time adults spent in primary activities while providing childcare as a secondary activity by sex, age, and day of week, average for the combined years 2012-16

Childcare activities(1)	Average hours per day adults spent caring for household children(2)
	Total			Weekdays			Weekends and holidays
	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women	Total	Men	Women
Children under age 13, total
Total	5.06	4.12	5.84	4.12	3.07	4.98	7.29	6.60	7.85
Personal care activities	0.26	0.17	0.33	0.23	0.15	0.29	0.34	0.23	0.43
Household activities	1.21	0.70	1.63	1.03	0.49	1.47	1.62	1.18	1.98
Purchasing goods and services	0.35	0.25	0.43	0.27	0.17	0.35	0.55	0.46	0.62
Working and work-related activities	0.19	0.21	0.18	0.22	0.23	0.20	0.14	0.16	0.13
Eating and drinking	0.65	0.58	0.71	0.53	0.45	0.60	0.93	0.88	0.97
Leisure and sports	2.00	1.91	2.07	1.53	1.38	1.66	3.09	3.16	3.04
Other activities	0.40	0.30	0.48	0.31	0.20	0.40	0.61	0.54	0.67
Youngest child ages 6 to 12
Total	4.72	4.00	5.32	3.72	3.01	4.31	7.16	6.40	7.81
Personal care activities	0.25	0.18	0.31	0.22	0.17	0.27	0.32	0.22	0.41
Household activities	1.06	0.65	1.41	0.85	0.44	1.20	1.58	1.14	1.95
Purchasing goods and services	0.29	0.22	0.35	0.21	0.14	0.26	0.49	0.40	0.57
Working and work-related activities	0.20	0.21	0.19	0.22	0.22	0.21	0.17	0.19	0.15
Eating and drinking	0.58	0.53	0.63	0.47	0.42	0.52	0.85	0.81	0.90
Leisure and sports	1.93	1.91	1.95	1.45	1.43	1.48	3.11	3.09	3.12
Other activities	0.39	0.29	0.47	0.29	0.18	0.37	0.64	0.56	0.71
Child under age 6
Total	5.32	4.21	6.22	4.43	3.11	5.49	7.38	6.76	7.87
Personal care activities	0.27	0.17	0.35	0.23	0.14	0.31	0.36	0.24	0.45
Household activities	1.32	0.74	1.78	1.17	0.53	1.69	1.66	1.22	2.01
Purchasing goods and services	0.40	0.28	0.49	0.32	0.19	0.42	0.59	0.50	0.65
Working and work-related activities	0.19	0.21	0.17	0.22	0.24	0.20	0.12	0.14	0.11
Eating and drinking	0.70	0.61	0.78	0.58	0.47	0.67	0.99	0.93	1.03
Leisure and sports	2.05	1.90	2.16	1.59	1.34	1.80	3.08	3.21	2.98
Other activities	0.40	0.30	0.49	0.32	0.21	0.41	0.59	0.52	0.65
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. (2) Secondary childcare is defined as time one has a child under 13 years "in his or her care" while doing something else as a primary activity; information on secondary childcare is not collected for children over 12 years. Estimates include a small amount of care provided to own, nonhousehold children.
NOTE: Includes persons 18 years and over living in households with children under 13 years, whether or not they provided childcare.

Table 11A. Time spent in leisure and sports activities for the civilian population by selected characteristics, averages per day, 2016 annual averages

Characteristic	Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities, all days of week
	Total, all leisure and sports activities	Participating in sports, exercise and recreation	Socializing and communicating	Watching TV	Reading	Relaxing/ thinking	Playing games and computer use for leisure	Other leisure and sports activities, including travel(1)
Sex
Men	5.51	0.39	0.64	2.94	0.25	0.34	0.49	0.46
Women	4.77	0.25	0.67	2.52	0.33	0.30	0.34	0.37
Age
Total, 15 years and over	5.13	0.32	0.65	2.73	0.29	0.32	0.41	0.41
15 to 19 years	5.20	0.67	0.72	1.94	0.12	0.20	0.92	0.62
20 to 24 years	4.80	0.36	0.73	2.12	0.14	0.24	0.67	0.53
25 to 34 years	4.13	0.32	0.67	1.95	0.15	0.21	0.46	0.38
35 to 44 years	3.97	0.28	0.61	2.07	0.17	0.27	0.23	0.34
45 to 54 years	4.59	0.24	0.65	2.66	0.18	0.30	0.22	0.35
55 to 64 years	5.57	0.32	0.56	3.26	0.37	0.38	0.27	0.41
65 to 74 years	6.92	0.29	0.72	4.10	0.56	0.36	0.47	0.42
75 years and over	7.60	0.18	0.65	4.33	0.86	0.69	0.46	0.41
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White	5.11	0.33	0.66	2.67	0.31	0.30	0.42	0.43
Black or African American	5.63	0.24	0.69	3.41	0.16	0.45	0.33	0.36
Asian	4.05	0.39	0.55	1.93	0.27	0.22	0.39	0.30
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.52	0.29	0.63	2.45	0.11	0.40	0.27	0.38
Employment status
Employed	4.16	0.29	0.59	2.10	0.21	0.26	0.32	0.39
Full-time workers	4.00	0.29	0.56	2.06	0.20	0.24	0.28	0.37
Part-time workers	4.69	0.31	0.69	2.23	0.25	0.29	0.46	0.45
Not employed	6.75	0.36	0.76	3.78	0.42	0.42	0.56	0.45
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers (single jobholders only)(2)
$0 - $580	4.28	0.21	0.69	2.23	0.16	0.32	0.33	0.33
$581 - $920	3.99	0.21	0.56	2.12	0.18	0.27	0.31	0.34
$921 - $1,440	4.10	0.30	0.53	2.14	0.18	0.22	0.38	0.35
$1,441 and higher	3.90	0.40	0.53	1.89	0.27	0.21	0.20	0.40
Presence and age of household children
No household children under 18	5.72	0.31	0.66	3.14	0.37	0.35	0.47	0.43
Household children under 18	4.06	0.33	0.65	1.99	0.15	0.26	0.31	0.38
Children 13 to 17 years, none younger	4.66	0.45	0.69	2.24	0.19	0.23	0.42	0.44
Children 6 to 12 years, none younger	4.10	0.34	0.66	1.96	0.16	0.25	0.33	0.39
Youngest child under 6 years	3.70	0.25	0.61	1.87	0.11	0.29	0.23	0.33
Marital status and sex
Married, spouse present	4.90	0.30	0.67	2.63	0.30	0.34	0.29	0.37
Men	5.29	0.34	0.64	2.97	0.29	0.38	0.28	0.39
Women	4.52	0.27	0.70	2.30	0.30	0.30	0.29	0.35
Other marital statuses	5.36	0.33	0.63	2.83	0.28	0.30	0.54	0.46
Men	5.76	0.45	0.63	2.92	0.20	0.29	0.72	0.54
Women	5.02	0.23	0.63	2.74	0.35	0.30	0.38	0.38
Educational attainment, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma	5.85	0.18	0.63	3.70	0.14	0.75	0.17	0.29
High school graduates, no college	5.72	0.22	0.61	3.52	0.27	0.43	0.35	0.33
Some college or associate degree	5.03	0.25	0.62	2.83	0.29	0.29	0.39	0.37
Bachelor's degree and higher	4.58	0.38	0.68	2.13	0.43	0.18	0.33	0.46
Bachelor's degree only	4.61	0.38	0.70	2.20	0.36	0.18	0.35	0.44
Advanced degree	4.54	0.38	0.64	2.02	0.54	0.17	0.32	0.49
Footnotes (1) Includes other leisure and sports activities, not elsewhere classified, and travel related to leisure and sports activities. (2) The earnings data are limited to wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed workers are excluded). Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers who held only one job.
NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.

Table 11B. Time spent in leisure and sports activities for the civilian population by selected characteristics, averages per day on weekdays and weekends, 2016 annual averages

Characteristic	Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities, weekdays and weekends
	Total, all leisure and sports activities		Participating in sports, exercise and recreation		Socializing and communicating		Watching TV		Reading		Relaxing/ thinking		Playing games and computer use for leisure		Other leisure and sports activities, including travel(1)
	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days	Week- days	Week- ends and holi- days
Sex
Men	4.87	7.04	0.35	0.50	0.50	0.96	2.61	3.75	0.24	0.26	0.32	0.36	0.47	0.52	0.37	0.68
Women	4.31	5.86	0.24	0.26	0.53	1.00	2.37	2.89	0.29	0.40	0.29	0.33	0.31	0.42	0.29	0.55
Age
Total, 15 years and over	4.58	6.43	0.29	0.38	0.52	0.98	2.48	3.31	0.27	0.33	0.30	0.35	0.39	0.47	0.33	0.61
15 to 19 years	4.59	6.62	0.65	0.73	0.64	0.92	1.72	2.47	0.11	0.13	0.17	(2)-	0.74	1.35	0.56	0.75
20 to 24 years	4.20	6.27	0.35	0.40	0.53	1.25	1.87	2.74	0.13	0.16	0.21	(2)-	0.66	0.69	0.44	0.75
25 to 34 years	3.49	5.68	0.28	0.42	0.47	1.14	1.68	2.60	0.14	0.15	0.21	0.23	0.44	0.50	0.26	0.65
35 to 44 years	3.29	5.60	0.24	0.38	0.40	1.11	1.77	2.78	0.16	0.19	0.25	0.30	0.21	0.29	0.26	0.54
45 to 54 years	4.05	5.88	0.19	0.36	0.52	0.95	2.42	3.24	0.16	0.22	0.31	0.29	0.19	0.29	0.27	0.54
55 to 64 years	5.03	6.85	0.31	0.33	0.45	0.82	2.99	3.89	0.33	0.47	0.36	0.44	0.27	0.27	0.32	0.62
65 to 74 years	6.59	7.71	0.29	0.29	0.64	0.91	3.95	4.43	0.51	0.67	0.35	0.38	0.49	0.43	0.35	0.59
75 years and over	7.33	8.23	0.18	0.18	0.63	0.69	4.16	4.76	0.86	0.86	0.68	0.71	0.47	0.45	0.35	0.57
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White	4.56	6.43	0.30	0.40	0.53	0.97	2.42	3.29	0.29	0.36	0.29	0.31	0.40	0.46	0.34	0.63
Black or African American	5.10	6.87	0.24	0.24	0.54	1.03	3.17	3.98	0.16	0.17	0.44	0.49	0.28	0.44	0.29	0.52
Asian	3.51	5.24	0.37	0.42	0.29	1.10	1.92	1.96	0.24	0.34	0.17	0.34	0.33	0.53	0.18	0.55
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.08	5.58	0.29	0.29	0.48	1.00	2.23	2.97	0.11	0.10	0.40	0.39	0.26	0.28	0.31	0.56
Employment status
Employed	3.48	5.83	0.25	0.41	0.41	1.03	1.80	2.84	0.19	0.25	0.24	0.28	0.29	0.39	0.29	0.63
Full-time workers	3.25	5.84	0.23	0.44	0.36	1.04	1.72	2.90	0.18	0.24	0.24	0.26	0.25	0.35	0.28	0.61
Part-time workers	4.24	5.81	0.31	0.30	0.57	1.01	2.07	2.62	0.24	0.28	0.26	0.38	0.44	0.51	0.35	0.71
Not employed	6.48	7.39	0.37	0.33	0.70	0.90	3.66	4.06	0.40	0.46	0.41	0.44	0.55	0.60	0.39	0.59
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers (single jobholders only)(3)
$0 - $580	3.60	5.82	0.16	0.33	0.44	1.26	1.91	2.95	0.17	0.16	0.34	0.26	(2)-	0.39	0.27	0.48
$581 - $920	3.16	6.01	0.16	0.34	0.35	1.06	1.75	3.03	0.16	0.24	0.26	0.28	0.26	0.45	0.22	0.62
$921 - $1,440	3.33	6.08	0.28	0.36	0.34	1.01	1.74	3.17	0.16	0.25	0.19	0.27	0.38	0.37	0.24	0.65
$1,441 and higher	3.04	5.95	0.31	0.62	0.32	1.02	1.53	2.77	0.24	0.35	0.21	0.19	0.16	0.29	0.27	0.71
Presence and age of household children
No household children under 18	5.20	6.97	0.29	0.36	0.51	1.00	2.91	3.69	0.34	0.42	0.33	0.38	0.46	0.48	0.35	0.63
Household children under 18	3.48	5.47	0.29	0.41	0.52	0.96	1.73	2.61	0.14	0.17	0.25	0.28	0.25	0.45	0.29	0.58
Children 13 to 17 years, none younger	4.06	6.04	0.46	0.42	0.61	0.87	1.89	3.05	0.18	0.23	0.23	0.25	0.34	0.58	0.35	0.65
Children 6 to 12 years, none younger	3.53	5.59	0.27	0.52	0.55	0.96	1.74	2.55	0.15	0.20	0.20	0.36	0.30	0.42	0.32	0.58
Youngest child under 6 years	3.09	5.07	0.21	0.32	0.43	1.02	1.63	2.42	0.11	0.11	0.32	0.24	0.16	0.41	0.23	0.55
Marital status and sex
Married, spouse present	4.35	6.21	0.27	0.39	0.52	1.04	2.40	3.19	0.27	0.35	0.32	0.36	0.28	0.31	0.28	0.58
Men	4.61	6.90	0.27	0.51	0.49	1.00	2.62	3.79	0.28	0.30	0.37	0.39	0.28	0.29	0.29	0.61
Women	4.10	5.52	0.27	0.26	0.55	1.07	2.18	2.60	0.26	0.39	0.28	0.34	0.28	0.33	0.27	0.54
Other marital statuses	4.82	6.67	0.31	0.37	0.51	0.93	2.57	3.43	0.27	0.31	0.28	0.33	0.50	0.64	0.37	0.65
Men	5.16	7.20	0.43	0.49	0.52	0.91	2.59	3.71	0.20	0.20	0.28	0.34	0.69	0.79	0.45	0.76
Women	4.52	6.20	0.22	0.26	0.50	0.94	2.55	3.19	0.32	0.41	0.29	0.32	0.33	0.51	0.30	0.57
Educational attainment, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma	5.43	6.82	0.18	0.17	0.53	0.87	3.41	4.38	0.16	0.10	0.76	0.72	0.16	0.18	0.24	0.40
High school graduates, no college	5.28	6.79	0.18	0.30	0.53	0.79	3.29	4.08	0.24	0.33	0.43	0.43	0.33	0.38	0.27	0.48
Some college or associate degree	4.51	6.32	0.23	0.30	0.46	0.99	2.57	3.45	0.28	0.32	0.27	0.33	0.40	0.37	0.28	0.57
Bachelor's degree and higher	3.93	6.11	0.34	0.46	0.50	1.11	1.88	2.69	0.40	0.50	0.16	0.22	0.31	0.39	0.34	0.74
Bachelor's degree only	3.96	6.14	0.35	0.43	0.52	1.14	1.97	2.75	0.33	0.42	0.15	0.25	0.30	0.44	0.33	0.72
Advanced degree	3.88	6.06	0.32	0.50	0.46	1.06	1.76	2.61	0.50	0.63	0.17	0.17	0.31	0.32	0.36	0.77
Footnotes (1) Includes other leisure and sports activities, not elsewhere classified, and travel related to leisure and sports activities. (2) Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. (3) The earnings data are limited to wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed workers are excluded). Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers who held only one job.
NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.

Table 12. Average hours per day spent in primary activities for the civilian population, 2016 quarterly and annual averages [Not seasonally adjusted]

Activity	2016
	Quarterly averages				Annual average
	I	II	III	IV
Total, all activities(1)	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00	24.00
Personal care activities	9.57	9.61	9.57	9.55	9.58
Sleeping	8.78	8.83	8.81	8.73	8.79
Eating and drinking	1.16	1.21	1.18	1.14	1.17
Household activities	1.73	1.97	1.85	1.75	1.82
Housework	0.61	0.58	0.52	0.58	0.57
Food preparation and cleanup	0.58	0.60	0.61	0.57	0.59
Lawn and garden care	0.09	0.29	0.24	0.15	0.19
Household management	0.12	0.13	0.16	0.15	0.14
Purchasing goods and services	0.78	0.68	0.76	0.82	0.76
Consumer goods purchases	0.36	0.32	0.34	0.42	0.36
Professional and personal care services	0.11	0.06	0.09	0.09	0.09
Caring for and helping household members	0.53	0.56	0.50	0.50	0.52
Caring for and helping household children	0.40	0.42	0.40	0.38	0.40
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.19	0.21
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults	0.06	0.09	0.09	0.05	0.07
Working and work-related activities	3.61	3.70	3.66	3.47	3.61
Working	3.25	3.38	3.31	3.17	3.28
Educational activities	0.63	0.43	0.34	0.57	0.49
Attending class	0.35	0.26	0.18	0.30	0.27
Homework and research	0.23	0.14	0.13	0.22	0.18
Organizational, civic, and religious activities	0.34	0.32	0.24	0.40	0.32
Religious and spiritual activities	0.16	0.17	0.13	0.18	0.16
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)	0.14	0.11	0.08	0.17	0.13
Leisure and sports	5.12	5.01	5.27	5.11	5.13
Socializing and communicating	0.65	0.69	0.73	0.55	0.65
Watching television	2.85	2.55	2.66	2.85	2.73
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation	0.25	0.36	0.39	0.27	0.32
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail	0.16	0.15	0.17	0.16	0.16
Other activities, not elsewhere classified	0.15	0.15	0.25	0.34	0.22
Footnotes (1) All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions.
NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.