For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, July 22, 2021 USDL-21-1359
Technical information: (202) 691-6339 * atusinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/tus
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov
AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY -- MAY TO DECEMBER 2019 AND 2020 RESULTS
The percent of employed persons working at home on days they worked nearly doubled during
the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, rising to 42 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today. Average travel time, such as commuting to work or driving to a store,
decreased for all demographic groups.
Data about how Americans spent their time during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in
2020 were released today from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). Estimates in this news
release include the average amount of time per day individuals worked, engaged in leisure
and sports activities, provided childcare, traveled, and more. Estimates about where and
with whom Americans spent their time also are provided.
Estimates in this news release are representative of May 10th through December 31st and
highlight 2020 ATUS data collected during the pandemic. For comparison, estimates
representative of this same period in 2019 also are shown. BLS selected this period
because ATUS data collection was suspended early in the pandemic to protect the
safety of interviewers. For a detailed description of ATUS data and methodology,
see the Technical Note.
Working in May to December 2019 and 2020
--Average time spent working declined by 17 minutes per day from 2019 to 2020,
reflecting a decrease in the share of the population that was employed. On a given
day in 2020, 39 percent of the population spent time working, compared with 43
percent of the population in 2019. (See table 1.)
--On days they worked, the amount of time employed persons spent working was about the
same in 2019 and 2020--7.7 hours in 2019 and 7.6 hours in 2020. (See table 4.)
--As many employers expanded the use of telework, the percent of employed persons
working at home on days they worked nearly doubled, rising from 22 percent in 2019 to
42 percent in 2020. On days they worked at home, employed persons did so for an average
of 3.6 hours in 2019, compared with 5.8 hours in 2020. These averages include all time
spent working at home, whether or not the work was done on a scheduled workday.
(See table 4.)
--Both men and women were more likely to work at home on days they worked in 2020
compared with 2019. The percent of employed men who worked at home increased by 16
percentage points, from 20 percent in 2019 to 36 percent in 2020, while the percent of
women increased by 23 percentage points, from 26 percent in 2019 to 49 percent in 2020.
(See table 4.)
--Workers with higher levels of education were much more likely to work at home in 2020
than were those who had less education. Among workers age 25 and over, 65 percent of
employed persons with a bachelor's degree or higher worked at home on days they worked
in 2020 (up from 37 percent in 2019), compared with 19 percent of employed persons
whose highest level of education was a high school diploma (up from 13 percent in 2019).
(See table 4.)
--By industry, from 2019 to 2020, there were large increases in the share of employed
persons working at home on days worked for those employed in financial activities (up
40 percentage points); professional and business services (up 25 percentage points);
and education and health services (up 23 percentage points). By contrast, there were
smaller increases for workers in leisure and hospitality (up 8 percentage points);
transportation and utilities (up 9 percentage points); wholesale and retail trade (up
10 percentage points); and manufacturing (up 11 percentage points). (See table 5.)
Time Spent Traveling in May to December 2019 and 2020
--Time spent traveling, such as commuting to work or driving to a store, declined by 26
minutes from an average of 1.2 hours per day in 2019 to 47 minutes per day in 2020.
The share of individuals who spent time traveling on a given day declined 17 percentage
points in 2020, from 84 percent in 2019 to 67 percent in 2020. Those who spent time
traveling on a given day did so for a shorter duration (1.5 hours in 2019, compared
with 1.2 hours in 2020). (See table 1.)
--Declines in the average time per day spent traveling were widespread in 2020. The
average time spent traveling decreased for all race, ethnicity, sex, and age groups;
households with and without children; and individuals who were employed and not
employed. (See table 3.)
Childcare in May to December 2019 and 2020
--On average, among adults living with children under 18, time spent providing primary
childcare on a given day was about the same in 2019 and 2020 (1.2 hours and 1.3 hours
per day, respectively). Primary childcare is childcare that is done as a main
activity, such as providing physical care or reading to children. (See table 6.)
--Fifty-three percent of adults living in households with children provided childcare
on a given day in 2020, down from 61 percent in 2019. As in-person school, sports, and
other activities were curtailed in 2020, individuals were less likely to spend time
picking up and dropping off children, which are classified in the other childcare
activities category. As a result, the share of adults engaging in other childcare
activities on a given day fell by 13 percentage points in 2020, and contributed to
the overall decline in the percent of adults providing childcare on a given day.
(See table 6.)
--Women spent an average of 1.7 hours per day and men spent an average of 46 minutes
per day caring for and helping household children as their main activity in 2020.
Women spent 13 minutes per day more in 2020 compared with 2019, while men spent about
the same amount of time doing this activity in both years. (See table 7.)
--On days they did education-related activities for household children, adults did so
for an average of 1.0 hour in 2019 and 2.2 hours in 2020. Women and men spent the
same amount of time doing these education-related activities in 2019 (1.0 hour).
However, women spent 46 minutes more than men doing these activities in 2020 (2.4
hours, compared with 1.7 hours). (See tables 6 and 7.)
--Adults living in households with at least one child under age 13 averaged 6.1 hours
per day providing secondary childcare in 2020--that is, they had at least one child
in their care while doing activities other than primary childcare. This was an
increase of 1.0 hour from 2019. With many children's events canceled and schools
switching to virtual learning, the increase in time spent providing secondary
childcare was largest for adults in households whose youngest child was ages 6 to
12. These adults spent 1.6 hours more per day providing secondary childcare in 2020
compared with 2019. (See table 8.)
--Among adults living in households with children under age 13, in 2020, men averaged
4.9 hours and women averaged 7.1 hours per day providing secondary childcare. Both
men and women spent about one hour more per day providing secondary childcare in
2020 compared with 2019 (up 49 minutes for men and 1.1 hours for women).
(See table 8.)
Leisure Activities in May to December 2019 and 2020
--Average time spent in leisure and sports activities increased by 32 minutes per
day, from 5.0 hours in 2019 to 5.5 hours per day in 2020. Leisure time increased
by an average of 37 minutes per day for men and 27 minutes for women. This increase
partly reflects a decline in average work time as the share of the population that
was employed fell during the pandemic, as well as a decrease in the average time
individuals spent traveling. (See tables 1 and 2.)
--Watching TV was the leisure activity that occupied the most time in 2020 (3.1 hours
per day), up 19 minutes per day compared with 2019. (See table 9.)
--Time spent playing games and using a computer for leisure increased by 10 minutes
per day, and time spent relaxing and thinking increased an average of 7 minutes per
day in 2020. Time spent socializing and communicating in person declined by an
average of 7 minutes per day. (See table 9.)
--Individuals ages 15 to 24 spent more time playing games and using a computer for
leisure than those who were older in 2020. Those ages 15 to 19 spent an average of
1.9 hours per day playing games and using a computer for leisure (up 39 minutes
from 2019) and those ages 20 to 24 averaged 1.4 hours per day in this activity (up
30 minutes per day from 2019). (See table 9.)
--Individuals living in households without children under age 18 spent an average of
6.1 hours per day in leisure and sports activities in 2020, compared with 4.4 hours
per day for those living in households with children. Compared with 2019, time spent
in leisure and sports activities increased by about half an hour per day for each of
these groups in 2020 (up 36 minutes for those living in households without children,
and up 25 minutes for those living with children). (See table 9.)
Household Activities and Consumer Purchases in May to December 2019 and 2020
--Compared with 2019, both men and women spent more time in 2020 doing household
activities, such as housework, cooking, lawn care, and household management. Men spent
an average of 16 minutes more per day doing these activities in 2020, while women
spent 11 minutes more per day. However, men continued to spend less time in these
activities in 2020 than did women--1.6 hours versus 2.4 hours. (See table 2.)
--The average time per day that individuals spent shopping--which includes online and
in-person shopping--declined by 5 minutes, from 22 minutes per day in 2019 to 17
minutes per day in 2020. Thirty-four percent of those age 15 and over spent time
shopping on a given day in 2020, compared with 40 percent in 2019. (See table 1.)
Time Spent by Location in May to December 2019 and 2020
--As part of an effort to slow the spread of the coronavirus, individuals were asked to
stay at home. During their waking hours, those age 15 and over spent an average of 2.1
hours per day more at home in 2020 (9.7 hours) than in 2019 (7.6 hours). Women spent
about 34 minutes more at home on a given day in 2020 than did men (10.0 hours,
compared with 9.4 hours). (See table 10.)
--Many restaurants and bars closed indoor dining due to the pandemic, and stores
implemented guidelines for safe shopping. On a given day in 2020, 16 percent of
individuals age 15 and over spent time at a restaurant or bar, compared with 27
percent in 2019. Twenty-five percent of individuals age 15 and over visited a
grocery store, other store, or mall on a given day in 2020, compared with 31 percent
in 2019. (See table 10.)
Time Spent with Others or Alone in May to December 2019 and 2020
--In 2020, during the pandemic, individuals were encouraged to stay at home and to
practice social distancing. During their waking hours, individuals age 15 and over
spent an average of 1.0 hour more per day alone in 2020 (7.0 hours) compared with
2019 (6.1 hours). Average alone time increased for all demographic groups,
including all age groups, persons living in households with and without children,
and others. (See table 11.)
--In 2020, individuals age 55 and over averaged about 8 hours or more per day alone
during their waking hours, more than those who were younger. Time spent alone
increased by 1.7 hours for those ages 15 to 19 (6.0 hours in 2020, compared with
4.3 hours in 2019). (See table 11.)
--Individuals living by themselves spent an average of 11.3 hours per day alone in
2020 and 9.7 hours alone in 2019. By comparison, adults living with a child under
age 18 averaged less than half as many of their waking hours alone (5.3 hours per
day in 2020 and 4.7 hours in 2019). (See table 12.)
--In 2020, Americans were advised against interacting with members of other
households during the pandemic. On a given day in 2020, 8 percent of the
population age 15 and over provided care or assistance to individuals who did not
live with them, compared with 11 percent in 2019. On days they provided care to
nonhousehold members, those who did so averaged 38 minutes more per day providing
this care in 2020 (1.9 hours per day in 2020, compared with 1.3 hours in 2019).
(See table 1.)
--In 2020, individuals age 15 and over spent more of their waking hours with
members of their households than they did in 2019 (4.8 hours per day, compared
with 4.5 hours) and fewer waking hours with nonhousehold members (2.9 hours per
day, compared with 4.4 hours). (See table 12.)
Additional Data
ATUS 2020 data files are available for users to do their own tabulations and analyses.
In accordance with BLS and Census Bureau policies that protect the privacy of survey
respondents, personally identifying information does not appear on the data files.
The 2020 data files, with data for all days the survey was conducted, are available
on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/tus/data.htm.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Coronavirus (COVID-19) impact on ATUS data for 2020 |
| |
| On March 19, 2020, the U.S. Census Bureau temporarily closed all of its call and |
| processing centers for the safety of the staff due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) |
| pandemic. Because of the closure, ATUS data collection was temporarily suspended. On |
| May 11, 2020, ATUS data collection resumed, but at a reduced capacity. Even so, |
| survey response was only marginally impacted. |
| |
| Annual 2020 estimates cannot be produced due to the 2-month suspension in data |
| collection in the spring of 2020. Therefore, the BLS online database and charts do |
| not include ATUS estimates for 2020. |
| |
| More information about the impact of the pandemic on ATUS is available at |
| www.bls.gov/tus/covid19.htm. |
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|
Technical Note
The estimates in this news release are averages based on 2019 and 2020 data from
the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). Estimates are representative of the period
May 10th through December 31st in each year. The ATUS, which is conducted by the
U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is a continuous
survey about how individuals age 15 and over spend their time.
Information in this news release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service:
(800) 877-8339.
Survey methodology
Data collection for the ATUS began in January 2003. Sample cases for the survey
are selected monthly, and except for a brief shutdown in the spring of 2020,
interviews are conducted continuously throughout the year. Estimates are released
annually.
In 2020, ATUS time use data were not collected about March 17th through May 9th
because survey operations temporarily paused during the COVID-19 pandemic. Estimates
in this release are representative of May 10th through December 31st, which
highlights the 2020 ATUS data that were collected during the pandemic. For
comparison, estimates representative of May 10th through December 31st, 2019 also
are shown. During this period, 6,666 individuals were interviewed in 2020 and 5,868
individuals in 2019. For more information about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
on the ATUS, see: www.bls.gov/tus/covid19.htm.
ATUS sample households are chosen from the households that completed their eighth
(final) interview for the Current Population Survey (CPS), the nation's monthly
household labor force survey. ATUS sample households are selected to ensure that
estimates will be nationally representative.
One individual age 15 or over is randomly chosen from each sampled household. This
"designated person" is interviewed by telephone once about his or her activities
on the day before the interview--the "diary day."
All ATUS interviews are conducted using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing.
Procedures are in place to collect information from the small number of households
that did not provide a telephone number during the CPS interview.
ATUS designated persons are preassigned a day of the week about which to report.
Preassignment is designed to reduce variability in response rates across the week
and to allow oversampling of weekend days so that accurate weekend day measures can
be developed. Interviews occur on the day following the assigned day. For example,
a person assigned to report about a Monday would be contacted on the following
Tuesday. Ten percent of designated persons are assigned to report about each of the
five weekdays. Twenty-five percent are assigned to report about each weekend day.
Households are called for up to 8 consecutive weeks (for example, 8 Tuesdays) in
order to secure an interview.
About the questionnaire
In the time diary portion of the ATUS interview, survey respondents sequentially report
activities they did between 4 a.m. on the day before the interview until 4 a.m. on
the day of the interview. For each activity, respondents are asked how long the
activity lasted. If respondents report doing more than one activity at a time, they
are asked to identify which one was the "main" (primary) activity. For most activities,
interviewers also ask respondents where they were and who was in the room with them
(if at home or someone else's home) or who accompanied them (if away from home). This
information is not collected about personal care activities (such as sleeping and
grooming), times respondents could not remember what they did for a period of time,
and times respondents considered an activity too private or personal to report.
Additionally, information about whether others were present is not collected when
respondents report attending high school classes. Questions about who was present were
designed to collect information about people the survey respondents know. For example,
if someone reported grocery shopping with their child, then the child's presence would
be recorded, but the presence of other grocery shoppers would not be recorded. After
completing the time diary, interviewers ask respondents questions to clearly identify
work, volunteering, eldercare, and secondary childcare activities. Secondary childcare
is defined as having a child under age 13 in one's care while doing other activities.
In addition, the ATUS includes an update of the household composition from the last CPS
interview (2 to 5 months prior to the ATUS interview), the labor force status of the
respondent, and the employment status of his or her spouse or unmarried partner. For
respondents who became employed or changed jobs between the last CPS interview and the
ATUS interview, information also is collected on industry, occupation, class of worker,
and earnings. Finally, a question about current school enrollment status is asked of
all respondents ages 15 to 49.
After completing the interview, primary activity descriptions are assigned a single
6-digit code using the ATUS Coding Lexicon. The 3-tier coding system consists of 17
major activity categories, each with multiple second- and third-tier subcategories.
These coding lexicon categories are then combined into composite categories for
publication, such as in this news release. Descriptions of categories shown in this
release can be found in the Major activity category definitions section of this
Technical Note. The ATUS Coding Lexicon can be accessed at www.bls.gov/tus/lexicons.htm.
Because of the complexity of coding everyday activities into narrowly-defined lexicon
categories, coders use a comprehensive set of rules to guide their decisions. In order
to capture useful and detailed information, travel activities are coded according to the
purpose of travel. For more information about coding travel, see Exhibit 5.1 of the ATUS
User's Guide at www.bls.gov/tus/atususersguide.pdf.
Concepts and definitions
Average day. The average day measure reflects an average distribution across all persons
in the reference population and all days of the week. The ATUS collects data about daily
activities from all segments of the population age 15 and over, including persons who are
employed and not employed. Activity profiles differ based upon age, employment status,
sex, and other characteristics. For example, during the period May 10th to December 31st,
2020, persons in the United States age 15 and over spent an average of 3.0 hours per day
working. By comparison, on an average day they worked, full-time employed persons spent
8.1 hours working. Many activities typically are not done on a daily basis, and some
activities only are done by a subset of the population.
Average hours per day. The average number of hours spent in a 24-hour day (between 4 a.m.
on the diary day and 4 a.m. on the interview day) doing a specified activity.
--Average hours per day, population. The average number of hours per day is computed using
all responses from a given sample of the population, including those of respondents who
did not do a particular activity on their diary day. These estimates reflect how many
persons engaged in an activity and the amount of time they spent doing it.
--Average hours per day, persons who engaged in the activity. The average number of hours
per day is computed using only responses from those who engaged in a particular activity
on their diary day.
Diary day. The diary day is the day about which the respondent reports. For example, the
diary day of a respondent interviewed on Tuesday is the preceding Monday.
Earnings
--Usual weekly earnings. Estimates represent the earnings of full-time wage and salary
workers with one job only (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed are
excluded), before taxes and other deductions. They include any overtime pay, commissions,
or tips usually received. Usual weekly earnings are updated in the ATUS for about 40
percent of wage and salary workers--if the respondent changed jobs or employment status
between the CPS and ATUS interviews, or if the CPS weekly earnings value was imputed.
This means that the earnings information could be out of date because the CPS interview
was done 2 to 5 months prior to the ATUS interview. Respondents are asked to identify
the easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly,
annually, or other) and how much they usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings
reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term
"usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of
usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked
during the past 4 or 5 months.
Weekly earnings quartiles. The ranges used for the quartiles represent approximately 25
percent of full-time wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated self-
employed are excluded) who held only one job. The quartiles represent the periods May 10th
through December 31st in 2019 and 2020. For example, during this period in 2019, 25 percent
of full-time wage and salary workers with one job only had weekly earnings of $640 or less
and, in 2020, 25 percent of these workers had earnings of $700 or less. Weekly earnings in
the 25th to 50th percentile range amounted to $641 to $1,000 in 2019 and $701 to $1,050 in
2020. Weekly earnings in the 50th to 75th percentile range were $1,001 to $1,620 in 2019
and $1,051 to $1,730 in 2020. Those earning greater than the 75th percentile had earnings
of $1,621 and higher in 2019 and $1,731 and higher in 2020.
Employment status
--Employed. All persons who:
1) At any time during the 7 days prior to the interview did any work at all as paid
employees, or worked in their own business or profession or on their own farm; or
2) Were not working during the 7 days prior to the interview but had jobs or businesses
from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation,
childcare problems, labor-management disputes, maternity or paternity leave, job
training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the
time off or were seeking other jobs; or
3) Usually worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a family-operated enterprise.
--Employed full time. Full-time workers are those who usually worked 35 or more hours per
week at all jobs combined.
--Employed part time. Part-time workers are those who usually worked fewer than 35 hours
per week at all jobs combined.
--Not employed. Persons are not employed if they do not meet the conditions for employment.
Those who are not employed include individuals classified as unemployed as well as those
classified as not in the labor force (using CPS definitions).
The numbers of employed and not employed persons in this release do not correspond to
published totals from the CPS for several reasons. First, the reference population for
the ATUS is age 15 and over, whereas it is age 16 and over for the CPS. Second, ATUS data
are collected continuously, the employment reference period being the 7 days prior to the
interview. By contrast, CPS data are usually collected during the week including the 19th
of the month and generally refer to employment during the week containing the 12th of the
month. Third, the CPS accepts answers from household members about other household members
whereas such proxy responses are not allowed in the ATUS. Finally, the time frame used in
this release differs from those used for CPS estimates. While the information on employment
from the ATUS is useful for assessing work in the context of other daily activities, the
employment data are not intended for analysis of current employment trends. Compared with
the CPS and other estimates of employment, the ATUS estimates are based on a much smaller
sample and are only available with a substantial lag since ATUS data and estimates are
published during the year following data collection.
Household children. Household children are children under age 18 residing in the household
of the ATUS respondent. The children may be related to the respondent (such as his or her
own children, grandchildren, nieces or nephews, or brothers or sisters) or not related
(such as foster children or children of roommates or boarders).
Primary activity. A primary activity is the main activity a respondent was doing at a
specified time. With the exception of secondary childcare in table 8, the estimates
presented in this release reflect time spent in primary activities only.
Secondary activities. A secondary (or simultaneous) activity is an activity done at the
same time as a primary activity. With the exception of the care of children under age 13,
information on secondary activities is not collected in the ATUS.
Secondary childcare. Secondary childcare is care for children under age 13 that is done
while doing an activity other than primary childcare, such as cooking dinner. Secondary
childcare estimates are derived by summing the durations of activities during which
respondents had at least one child under age 13 in their care while doing other things.
The time individuals spend providing secondary childcare is further restricted to the
time between when the first household child under age 13 woke up and when the last
household child under age 13 went to bed. It is also restricted to times the respondent
was awake. If respondents report providing both primary and secondary care at the same
time, the time is attributed to primary care only.
Waking hours. Estimates of waking hours are an average of time spent doing activities
other than sleeping, napping, or trying to sleep. The term waking hours is used in
analyses of where and with whom people spent their time because this information only
is collected when people are awake.
Weekday, weekend, and holiday estimates. Estimates for weekdays are an average of reports
about Monday through Friday, excluding holidays. Estimates for weekend days and holidays
are an average of reports about Saturdays, Sundays, and the following holidays: Memorial
Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
Major activity category definitions
The following definitions describe the activity categories shown in this report. Unlike
in prior ATUS news releases, major activity categories do not include associated travel.
Travel is reported as a separate activity category because the time people spent traveling
is of particular interest during the pandemic.
Personal care activities. Personal care activities include sleeping, grooming (such as
bathing or dressing), health-related self-care, and personal or private activities.
Receiving unpaid personal care from others (for example, "my sister put polish on my
nails") also is captured in this category. In general, respondents are not asked who
they were with or where they were for personal care activities, as such information can
be sensitive.
Eating and drinking. All time spent eating or drinking (except eating and drinking
done as part of a work or volunteer activity), whether alone, with others, at home,
at a place of purchase, or somewhere else, is classified here.
Household activities. Household activities are activities done by individuals to
maintain their households. These include housework; cooking; lawn and garden care;
pet care; vehicle maintenance and repair; home maintenance, repair, decoration, and
renovation; and household management and organizational activities (such as filling
out paperwork or planning a party). Food preparation, whether or not reported as done
specifically for another household member, is always classified as a household activity
unless it was done as a volunteer, work, or income-generating activity. For example,
"making breakfast for my son" is coded as a household activity, not as childcare.
Purchasing goods and services. This category includes time spent purchasing consumer
goods, professional and personal care services, household services, and government
services. Consumer purchases include most purchases and rentals of consumer goods,
regardless of the mode or place of purchase or rental (in person, online, via telephone,
at home, or in a store). Gasoline, grocery, other food purchases, and all other
shopping are further broken out in subcategories.
Time spent obtaining, receiving, and purchasing professional and personal care services
provided by someone else also is classified in this category. Professional services
include childcare, financial services and banking, legal services, medical and adult
care services, real estate services, and veterinary services. Personal care services
include day spas, hair salons and barbershops, nail salons, and tanning salons.
Activities classified here include time spent paying, meeting with, or talking to
service providers, as well as time spent receiving the service or waiting to receive
the service.
Time spent arranging for and purchasing household services provided by someone else
also is classified here. Household services include housecleaning; cooking; lawn care
and landscaping; pet care; tailoring, laundering, and dry cleaning; vehicle maintenance
and repairs; and home repairs, maintenance, and construction.
This category also captures the time spent obtaining government services--such as
applying for food assistance and purchasing government-required licenses or paying
fines or fees.
Caring for and helping household members. Time spent doing activities to care for
or help any child (under age 18) or adult in the household, regardless of relationship
to the respondent or the physical or mental health status of the person being helped,
is classified here. Caring for and helping activities for household children and adults
are coded separately in subcategories.
Primary childcare activities include time spent providing physical care; playing with
children; reading with children; assisting with homework; attending children's events;
taking care of children's health needs; and dropping off, picking up, and waiting for
children. Passive childcare done as a primary activity (such as "keeping an eye on
my son while he swam in the pool") also is included. A child's presence during the
activity is not enough in itself to classify the activity as childcare. For example,
"watching television with my child" is coded as a leisure activity, not as childcare.
Secondary childcare occurs when persons have a child under age 13 in their care"
while doing activities other than primary childcare. For a complete definition, see
the Concepts and definitions section of this Technical Note.
Caring for and helping household members also includes a range of activities done
to benefit adult members of households, such as providing physical and medical care
or obtaining medical services. Doing something as a favor for or helping another
household adult does not automatically result in classification as a helping activity.
For example, a report of "helping my spouse cook dinner" is considered a household
activity (food preparation), not a helping activity, because cooking dinner benefits
the household as a whole. By contrast, doing paperwork for another person usually
benefits the individual, so a report of "filling out an insurance application for
my spouse" is considered a helping activity.
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members. This category includes time spent in
activities done to care for or help others--both children (under age 18) and adults--
who do not live in the household. When done for or through an organization, time
spent helping nonhousehold members is classified as volunteering, rather than as
helping nonhousehold members. Care of nonhousehold children, even when done as a
favor or helping activity for another adult, is always classified as caring for
and helping nonhousehold children, not as helping another adult.
Working and work-related activities. This category includes time spent working,
doing activities as part of one's job, engaging in income-generating activities
not as part of one's job, and job search activities. "Working" includes hours spent
doing the specific tasks required of one's main or other job, regardless of location
or time of day. "Work-related activities" include activities that are not obviously
work but are done as part of one's job, such as having a business lunch and playing
golf with clients. "Other income-generating activities" are those done "on the side"
or under informal arrangement and are not part of a regular job. Such activities
might include selling homemade crafts, maintaining a rental property, or having a
yard sale. These activities are those for which individuals are paid or will be paid.
Educational activities. Time spent taking classes for a degree or for personal interest
(including attending school virtually and taking internet or other distance-learning
courses), time spent doing research and homework, and time spent taking care of
administrative tasks related to education (such as registering for classes or obtaining
a school ID) are included in this category. For high school students, before- and
after-school extracurricular activities (except sports) also are classified as
educational activities. Educational activities do not include time spent for classes
or training received as part of a job. Time spent helping others with their education-
related activities is classified as an activity involving caring for and helping others.
Organizational, civic, and religious activities. This category captures time spent
volunteering for or through an organization, performing civic obligations, and
participating in religious and spiritual activities. Civic obligations include
government-required duties, such as serving jury duty or appearing in court, and
activities that assist or influence government processes, such as voting or attending
town hall meetings. Religious activities include those normally associated with
membership in or identification with specific religions or denominations, such as
attending religious services; participating in choirs, youth groups, or unpaid teaching
(unless identified as volunteer activities); and engaging in personal religious
practices, such as praying.
Leisure and sports. The leisure and sports category includes time spent in sports,
exercise, and recreation; socializing and communicating; and other leisure activities.
Sports, exercise, and recreation activities include participating in--as well as
attending or watching--sports, exercise, and recreational activities. Recreational
activities include yard games like croquet or horseshoes, as well as activities like
billiards and dancing. Socializing and communicating includes face-to-face social
communication and hosting or attending social functions. Leisure activities include
watching television; reading; relaxing or thinking; playing computer, board, or
card games; using a computer or the internet for personal interest; playing or
listening to music; and other activities, such as attending arts, cultural, and
entertainment events.
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail. This category captures time spent in telephone
communication and household or personal mail or e-mail. This category also includes
texting and internet voice and video calling. Telephone and internet purchases are
classified in Purchasing goods and services. Telephone calls, mail, or e-mail
identified as related to work or volunteering are classified as work or volunteering.
Travel. This category includes time spent traveling from one destination to another,
regardless of mode or purpose. It includes walking and cycling as a mode of transportation,
but not when they are done for exercise or other reasons. The category also includes
security procedures related to traveling and miscellaneous travel activities, such
as checking in for a flight.
Other activities, not elsewhere classified. This residual category includes ambiguous
activities that could not be coded and missing activities. Missing activities result
when respondents did not remember what they did for a period of time, or when they
considered an activity too private or personal to report.
Processing and estimation
After ATUS data are collected, they go through an editing and imputation procedure.
Responses to CPS questions that are re-asked in the ATUS go through the regular CPS
edit and imputation procedures. Some item nonresponses for questions unique to the
ATUS (such as where an activity took place or how much time was spent doing secondary
childcare) also are imputed. Missing activities and missing values for who was present
during an activity are never imputed.
ATUS records are weighted quarterly to reduce bias in the estimates due to differences
in sampling and response rates across subpopulations and days of the week. Specifically,
the data are weighted to ensure the following:
--Weekdays represent about 5/7 of the weighted data, and weekend days represent about
2/7 of the weighted data for the population as a whole and for selected subpopulations.
The actual proportions depend on the number of weekdays and weekend days in a given
quarter.
--The sum of the weights is equal to the number of person-days in the quarter for
the population as a whole and for selected subpopulations.
In this report, data for the second quarter in 2019 and 2020 were weighted to represent
the number of days, weekdays, and weekend days in the period May 10th through June 30th
because data were not collected about April 1st through May 9th, 2020.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the ATUS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When
a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, estimates differ from the
true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is
measured by the standard error of the estimate.
Sample estimates from a given survey design are unbiased when an average of the estimates
from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In
this case, the sample estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate
confidence intervals, or ranges of values that include the true population value with
known probabilities. If the process of selecting a sample from the population were
repeated many times, an estimate made from each sample, and a suitable estimate of
its standard error calculated for each sample, then approximately 90
percent of the intervals from 1.645 standard errors below the estimate to 1.645 standard
errors above the estimate would include the true population value. BLS analyses are
generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
The ATUS data also are affected by nonsampling error, which is the average difference
between population and sample values for samples generated by a given process. Nonsampling
error can occur for many reasons, including failure to sample a segment of the population,
inability to obtain information for all persons in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data. Errors also could occur if nonresponse is correlated with time use.
Publication requirements
Estimates of average hours per day and participation rates are not published unless there
are a minimum number of respondents representing the given population. Additional
publication criteria are applied that include the number of respondents who reported
doing a specified activity and the standard error or coefficient of variation for the
estimate. Estimates that are considered "close to zero" or that round to 0.00, are
published as "z." For a detailed description of the statistical reliability criteria
necessary for publication, please contact ATUS staff at ATUSinfo@bls.gov.
Table 1. Time spent in primary activities and percent of the population engaging in each activity, averages for May to December, 2019 and 2020
| Activity |
Average hours per day,
population |
Average percent engaged in the
activity per day |
Average hours per day for persons
who engaged in the activity |
| 2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
Total, all activities |
24.00 |
24.00 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
24.00 |
24.00 |
Personal care activities |
9.60 |
9.67 |
100.0 |
99.9 |
9.60 |
9.68 |
Sleeping |
8.84 |
9.01 |
99.9 |
99.9 |
8.84 |
9.02 |
Grooming |
0.68 |
0.61 |
80.0 |
73.7 |
0.85 |
0.82 |
Eating and drinking |
1.06 |
1.07 |
95.7 |
96.0 |
1.11 |
1.11 |
Household activities |
1.78 |
2.01 |
77.6 |
77.6 |
2.30 |
2.59 |
Housework |
0.53 |
0.60 |
34.7 |
34.4 |
1.53 |
1.73 |
Food preparation and cleanup |
0.62 |
0.66 |
59.0 |
59.8 |
1.05 |
1.11 |
Lawn and garden care |
0.20 |
0.27 |
10.3 |
13.0 |
1.97 |
2.04 |
Household management |
0.14 |
0.13 |
18.9 |
15.2 |
0.76 |
0.87 |
Purchasing goods and services |
0.46 |
0.38 |
43.2 |
37.2 |
1.07 |
1.02 |
Consumer goods purchases |
0.36 |
0.28 |
39.6 |
33.5 |
0.90 |
0.83 |
Professional and personal care services |
0.09 |
0.09 |
7.8 |
6.3 |
1.14 |
1.36 |
Caring for and helping household members |
0.41 |
0.43 |
23.9 |
19.6 |
1.73 |
2.17 |
Caring for and helping household children |
0.37 |
0.39 |
19.3 |
16.8 |
1.93 |
2.35 |
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members |
0.13 |
0.14 |
10.7 |
7.5 |
1.26 |
1.89 |
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults |
0.07 |
0.08 |
7.4 |
5.1 |
0.88 |
1.53 |
Working and work-related activities |
3.32 |
3.02 |
44.1 |
40.4 |
7.52 |
7.49 |
Working |
3.25 |
2.96 |
42.6 |
38.8 |
7.63 |
7.63 |
Educational activities |
0.38 |
0.38 |
7.0 |
7.9 |
5.42 |
4.81 |
Attending class |
0.18 |
0.18 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
5.37 |
4.65 |
Homework and research |
0.19 |
0.19 |
5.8 |
5.6 |
3.34 |
3.40 |
Organizational, civic, and religious activities |
0.26 |
0.18 |
13.3 |
10.2 |
1.93 |
1.75 |
Religious and spiritual activities |
0.13 |
0.09 |
9.1 |
6.9 |
1.42 |
1.37 |
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities) |
0.13 |
0.08 |
5.5 |
4.0 |
2.30 |
2.10 |
Leisure and sports |
4.99 |
5.53 |
95.0 |
95.4 |
5.26 |
5.79 |
Socializing and communicating |
0.66 |
0.54 |
35.2 |
27.1 |
1.88 |
1.99 |
Watching television |
2.74 |
3.05 |
76.2 |
78.8 |
3.60 |
3.88 |
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation |
0.32 |
0.37 |
20.0 |
23.4 |
1.62 |
1.57 |
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail |
0.15 |
0.22 |
20.2 |
21.1 |
0.76 |
1.04 |
Travel |
1.22 |
0.79 |
84.2 |
67.1 |
1.45 |
1.17 |
Other activities, not elsewhere classified |
0.22 |
0.19 |
18.0 |
17.0 |
1.23 |
1.12 |
|
Note: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Data refer to persons 15 years and over and are representative of the periods May 10th through December 31st.
|
Table 2. Time spent in primary activities and percent of the population engaging in each activity by sex, averages for May to December, 2019 and 2020
| Activity |
Average hours per day, population |
Average percent engaged in the
activity per day |
Average hours per day for persons
who engaged in the activity |
| Men |
Women |
Men |
Women |
Men |
Women |
| 2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
Total, all activities |
24.00 |
24.00 |
24.00 |
24.00 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
24.00 |
24.00 |
24.00 |
24.00 |
Personal care activities |
9.39 |
9.46 |
9.81 |
9.88 |
100.0 |
99.9 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
9.39 |
9.47 |
9.81 |
9.88 |
Sleeping |
8.78 |
8.90 |
8.89 |
9.11 |
100.0 |
99.8 |
99.9 |
100.0 |
8.78 |
8.92 |
8.90 |
9.11 |
Grooming |
0.55 |
0.51 |
0.80 |
0.69 |
76.5 |
69.5 |
83.3 |
77.7 |
0.72 |
0.74 |
0.96 |
0.89 |
Eating and drinking |
1.06 |
1.08 |
1.06 |
1.05 |
96.0 |
96.1 |
95.3 |
96.0 |
1.10 |
1.13 |
1.11 |
1.09 |
Household activities |
1.38 |
1.64 |
2.17 |
2.36 |
70.3 |
69.7 |
84.5 |
85.1 |
1.96 |
2.35 |
2.56 |
2.77 |
Housework |
0.27 |
0.30 |
0.78 |
0.87 |
22.4 |
20.5 |
46.3 |
47.6 |
1.19 |
1.47 |
1.69 |
1.83 |
Food preparation and cleanup |
0.41 |
0.42 |
0.82 |
0.89 |
48.0 |
47.1 |
69.4 |
71.7 |
0.86 |
0.89 |
1.18 |
1.24 |
Lawn and garden care |
0.27 |
0.37 |
0.14 |
0.17 |
11.9 |
16.0 |
8.8 |
10.2 |
2.31 |
2.31 |
1.54 |
1.65 |
Household management |
0.10 |
0.11 |
0.18 |
0.15 |
14.7 |
12.4 |
22.9 |
17.9 |
0.70 |
0.89 |
0.80 |
0.85 |
Purchasing goods and services |
0.35 |
0.29 |
0.56 |
0.47 |
37.8 |
33.3 |
48.2 |
40.9 |
0.93 |
0.86 |
1.17 |
1.15 |
Consumer goods purchases |
0.27 |
0.21 |
0.43 |
0.34 |
34.6 |
30.3 |
44.2 |
36.5 |
0.78 |
0.70 |
0.98 |
0.93 |
Professional and personal care services |
0.06 |
0.06 |
0.12 |
0.11 |
5.9 |
4.4 |
9.5 |
8.1 |
0.98 |
1.26 |
1.23 |
1.41 |
Caring for and helping household members |
0.29 |
0.24 |
0.53 |
0.60 |
20.8 |
14.1 |
26.8 |
24.8 |
1.38 |
1.73 |
1.99 |
2.41 |
Caring for and helping household children |
0.25 |
0.23 |
0.49 |
0.55 |
16.4 |
12.2 |
22.1 |
21.2 |
1.52 |
1.88 |
2.22 |
2.60 |
Caring for and helping nonhousehold members |
0.11 |
0.12 |
0.16 |
0.16 |
8.6 |
5.9 |
12.7 |
9.1 |
1.24 |
2.08 |
1.27 |
1.77 |
Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults |
0.06 |
0.09 |
0.07 |
0.07 |
6.5 |
4.6 |
8.3 |
5.5 |
0.89 |
1.86 |
0.88 |
1.27 |
Working and work-related activities |
3.99 |
3.59 |
2.68 |
2.50 |
51.0 |
45.4 |
37.6 |
35.6 |
7.83 |
7.90 |
7.13 |
7.01 |
Working |
3.91 |
3.52 |
2.63 |
2.43 |
49.6 |
44.0 |
36.0 |
33.9 |
7.88 |
8.01 |
7.30 |
7.17 |
Educational activities |
0.34 |
0.33 |
0.41 |
0.42 |
6.1 |
7.1 |
7.8 |
8.6 |
5.60 |
4.64 |
5.29 |
4.94 |
Attending class |
0.16 |
0.15 |
0.20 |
0.21 |
2.7 |
3.6 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
5.81 |
4.10 |
5.09 |
5.11 |
Homework and research |
0.18 |
0.17 |
0.21 |
0.21 |
4.6 |
4.9 |
6.9 |
6.3 |
3.91 |
3.55 |
3.00 |
3.28 |
Organizational, civic, and religious activities |
0.20 |
0.14 |
0.30 |
0.22 |
9.9 |
7.6 |
16.5 |
12.7 |
2.07 |
1.82 |
1.84 |
1.70 |
Religious and spiritual activities |
0.08 |
0.07 |
0.17 |
0.12 |
5.9 |
4.8 |
12.1 |
8.9 |
1.44 |
1.37 |
1.42 |
1.36 |
Volunteering (organizational and civic activities) |
0.12 |
0.07 |
0.13 |
0.09 |
4.5 |
3.4 |
6.5 |
4.5 |
2.66 |
2.10 |
2.06 |
2.10 |
Leisure and sports |
5.36 |
5.98 |
4.65 |
5.10 |
95.5 |
95.7 |
94.5 |
95.2 |
5.62 |
6.25 |
4.92 |
5.35 |
Socializing and communicating |
0.59 |
0.52 |
0.73 |
0.56 |
31.6 |
24.9 |
38.5 |
29.0 |
1.87 |
2.07 |
1.89 |
1.93 |
Watching television |
3.01 |
3.30 |
2.50 |
2.83 |
77.6 |
78.7 |
74.8 |
78.9 |
3.87 |
4.19 |
3.34 |
3.59 |
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation |
0.42 |
0.44 |
0.23 |
0.30 |
21.7 |
24.2 |
18.5 |
22.6 |
1.94 |
1.80 |
1.26 |
1.34 |
Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail |
0.11 |
0.16 |
0.19 |
0.27 |
15.7 |
16.2 |
24.4 |
25.8 |
0.73 |
1.00 |
0.78 |
1.06 |
Travel |
1.22 |
0.81 |
1.22 |
0.76 |
84.6 |
68.8 |
83.8 |
65.6 |
1.45 |
1.18 |
1.46 |
1.16 |
Other activities, not elsewhere classified |
0.19 |
0.16 |
0.25 |
0.22 |
15.0 |
14.8 |
20.9 |
19.0 |
1.27 |
1.06 |
1.20 |
1.16 |
|
Note: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Data refer to persons 15 years and over and are representative of the periods May 10th through December 31st.
|
Table 3. Time spent in selected primary activities, by selected characteristics, averages for May to December, 2019 and 2020
| Characteristic |
Average hours per day spent in selected primary activities |
Personal care
activities |
Eating and drinking |
Household
activities |
Caring for and helping
household members |
Working and work-
related activities |
Leisure and sports |
Telephone calls,
mail, and e-mail |
Travel |
| 2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
Age |
|
Total, 15 years and over |
9.60 |
9.67 |
1.06 |
1.07 |
1.78 |
2.01 |
0.41 |
0.43 |
3.32 |
3.02 |
4.99 |
5.53 |
0.15 |
0.22 |
1.22 |
0.79 |
15 to 19 years |
10.64 |
10.61 |
0.93 |
0.92 |
0.87 |
0.60 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
1.46 |
1.13 |
5.15 |
6.40 |
0.23 |
0.41 |
1.10 |
0.62 |
20 to 24 years |
10.14 |
10.23 |
0.94 |
0.92 |
1.02 |
1.23 |
0.13 |
0.33 |
3.63 |
3.13 |
4.86 |
5.58 |
0.11 |
0.15 |
1.29 |
0.92 |
25 to 34 years |
9.54 |
9.65 |
1.04 |
1.09 |
1.45 |
1.73 |
0.93 |
0.90 |
4.44 |
3.99 |
4.10 |
4.57 |
0.10 |
0.18 |
1.30 |
0.92 |
35 to 44 years |
9.27 |
9.41 |
1.01 |
1.05 |
1.85 |
2.08 |
0.97 |
1.10 |
4.62 |
4.35 |
3.79 |
4.03 |
0.11 |
0.12 |
1.34 |
0.90 |
45 to 54 years |
9.42 |
9.39 |
1.06 |
1.03 |
1.66 |
2.11 |
0.34 |
0.27 |
4.81 |
4.24 |
4.22 |
4.94 |
0.12 |
0.17 |
1.43 |
0.85 |
55 to 64 years |
9.33 |
9.56 |
1.08 |
1.03 |
2.16 |
2.40 |
0.11 |
0.12 |
3.57 |
3.27 |
5.15 |
5.58 |
0.15 |
0.21 |
1.20 |
0.77 |
65 to 74 years |
9.46 |
9.51 |
1.20 |
1.18 |
2.55 |
2.71 |
0.12 |
0.08 |
0.86 |
1.20 |
6.89 |
7.09 |
0.23 |
0.25 |
1.06 |
0.66 |
75 years and over |
9.94 |
9.78 |
1.19 |
1.29 |
2.36 |
2.53 |
0.07 |
0.04 |
0.33 |
0.30 |
7.46 |
8.05 |
0.26 |
0.41 |
0.81 |
0.44 |
Sex |
|
Men |
9.39 |
9.46 |
1.06 |
1.08 |
1.38 |
1.64 |
0.29 |
0.24 |
3.99 |
3.59 |
5.36 |
5.98 |
0.11 |
0.16 |
1.22 |
0.81 |
Women |
9.81 |
9.88 |
1.06 |
1.05 |
2.17 |
2.36 |
0.53 |
0.60 |
2.68 |
2.50 |
4.65 |
5.10 |
0.19 |
0.27 |
1.22 |
0.76 |
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
|
White |
9.55 |
9.61 |
1.10 |
1.09 |
1.86 |
2.10 |
0.40 |
0.41 |
3.37 |
3.02 |
4.98 |
5.50 |
0.13 |
0.21 |
1.23 |
0.80 |
Black or African American |
9.91 |
10.02 |
0.77 |
0.85 |
1.33 |
1.58 |
0.40 |
0.41 |
3.12 |
2.83 |
5.46 |
6.14 |
0.22 |
0.24 |
1.27 |
0.76 |
Asian |
9.72 |
9.72 |
1.25 |
1.34 |
1.68 |
1.81 |
0.66 |
0.74 |
3.20 |
3.42 |
3.70 |
4.48 |
s |
0.30 |
1.18 |
0.58 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
9.92 |
9.93 |
1.04 |
1.00 |
1.81 |
2.13 |
0.50 |
0.59 |
3.66 |
3.11 |
4.29 |
5.07 |
0.10 |
0.12 |
1.28 |
0.75 |
Employment status |
|
Employed |
9.30 |
9.35 |
1.04 |
1.05 |
1.44 |
1.71 |
0.44 |
0.44 |
5.16 |
5.08 |
4.02 |
4.30 |
0.11 |
0.15 |
1.36 |
0.93 |
Full-time workers |
9.16 |
9.24 |
1.03 |
1.06 |
1.38 |
1.62 |
0.42 |
0.41 |
5.77 |
5.66 |
3.84 |
4.16 |
0.10 |
0.14 |
1.41 |
0.94 |
Part-time workers |
9.79 |
9.75 |
1.07 |
1.00 |
1.68 |
2.03 |
0.52 |
0.53 |
2.99 |
3.03 |
4.66 |
4.78 |
0.14 |
0.20 |
1.21 |
0.90 |
Not employed |
10.13 |
10.13 |
1.09 |
1.09 |
2.37 |
2.43 |
0.36 |
0.42 |
0.14 |
0.09 |
6.68 |
7.28 |
0.22 |
0.32 |
0.98 |
0.58 |
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers (single jobholders only) |
|
Earnings less than or equal to the 25th percentile |
9.59 |
9.74 |
0.97 |
0.97 |
1.36 |
1.57 |
0.42 |
0.30 |
5.51 |
5.09 |
3.84 |
4.56 |
0.14 |
0.12 |
1.19 |
0.86 |
Earnings from 25th to 50th percentiles |
9.26 |
9.49 |
0.99 |
0.99 |
1.26 |
1.67 |
0.34 |
0.35 |
5.78 |
5.27 |
4.14 |
4.31 |
0.10 |
0.15 |
1.31 |
1.01 |
Earnings from 50th to 75th percentiles |
9.21 |
9.02 |
1.11 |
1.08 |
1.56 |
1.66 |
0.45 |
0.48 |
5.12 |
5.71 |
4.06 |
4.20 |
0.10 |
0.14 |
1.56 |
0.94 |
Earnings greater than the 75th percentile |
8.82 |
8.97 |
1.11 |
1.20 |
1.31 |
1.65 |
0.53 |
0.46 |
6.03 |
5.98 |
3.61 |
4.06 |
0.09 |
0.13 |
1.60 |
0.88 |
Presence and age of household children |
|
No household children under 18 |
9.69 |
9.72 |
1.08 |
1.09 |
1.81 |
2.05 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
3.05 |
2.75 |
5.54 |
6.14 |
0.18 |
0.25 |
1.15 |
0.75 |
Household children under 18 |
9.44 |
9.59 |
1.02 |
1.03 |
1.73 |
1.93 |
1.13 |
1.18 |
3.83 |
3.54 |
3.95 |
4.36 |
0.11 |
0.16 |
1.36 |
0.85 |
Children 13 to 17 years, none younger |
9.65 |
9.87 |
1.02 |
1.03 |
1.60 |
1.77 |
0.27 |
0.18 |
3.46 |
3.21 |
4.53 |
5.13 |
0.10 |
0.29 |
1.54 |
0.71 |
Children 6 to 12 years, none younger |
9.51 |
9.55 |
1.02 |
1.00 |
1.52 |
1.93 |
0.75 |
0.88 |
4.19 |
3.85 |
3.97 |
4.40 |
0.15 |
0.10 |
1.37 |
0.94 |
Youngest child under 6 years |
9.27 |
9.46 |
1.02 |
1.05 |
2.00 |
2.03 |
1.96 |
2.06 |
3.69 |
3.46 |
3.60 |
3.86 |
0.08 |
0.13 |
1.24 |
0.85 |
Marital status and sex |
|
Married, spouse present |
9.36 |
9.37 |
1.16 |
1.18 |
2.10 |
2.40 |
0.62 |
0.64 |
3.55 |
3.36 |
4.59 |
5.00 |
0.12 |
0.16 |
1.30 |
0.83 |
Men |
9.07 |
9.11 |
1.16 |
1.22 |
1.60 |
1.90 |
0.46 |
0.41 |
4.30 |
4.25 |
4.98 |
5.30 |
0.08 |
0.11 |
1.34 |
0.87 |
Women |
9.66 |
9.63 |
1.15 |
1.14 |
2.61 |
2.91 |
0.79 |
0.87 |
2.78 |
2.47 |
4.19 |
4.70 |
0.15 |
0.21 |
1.26 |
0.80 |
Other marital statuses |
9.85 |
9.98 |
0.96 |
0.95 |
1.47 |
1.61 |
0.20 |
0.21 |
3.08 |
2.69 |
5.40 |
6.06 |
0.19 |
0.28 |
1.15 |
0.74 |
Men |
9.75 |
9.83 |
0.94 |
0.94 |
1.13 |
1.37 |
0.09 |
0.07 |
3.65 |
2.87 |
5.80 |
6.71 |
0.15 |
0.22 |
1.09 |
0.75 |
Women |
9.94 |
10.12 |
0.98 |
0.97 |
1.76 |
1.83 |
0.30 |
0.34 |
2.59 |
2.52 |
5.07 |
5.48 |
0.22 |
0.33 |
1.19 |
0.73 |
Day of week |
|
Non-holiday weekdays |
9.33 |
9.43 |
1.02 |
1.03 |
1.63 |
1.83 |
0.43 |
0.44 |
4.25 |
3.88 |
4.50 |
5.07 |
0.17 |
0.23 |
1.25 |
0.79 |
Weekends or holidays |
10.21 |
10.24 |
1.15 |
1.15 |
2.14 |
2.43 |
0.38 |
0.40 |
1.23 |
1.02 |
6.11 |
6.59 |
0.12 |
0.19 |
1.16 |
0.77 |
Educational attainment, 25 years and over |
|
Less than a high school diploma |
10.15 |
10.05 |
0.92 |
0.95 |
2.01 |
2.29 |
0.38 |
0.51 |
2.69 |
2.19 |
5.76 |
6.24 |
0.10 |
0.14 |
1.05 |
0.67 |
High school graduates, no college |
9.58 |
9.73 |
1.02 |
1.03 |
2.00 |
2.25 |
0.40 |
0.34 |
3.12 |
2.82 |
5.53 |
6.04 |
0.14 |
0.17 |
1.07 |
0.75 |
Some college or associate degree |
9.46 |
9.56 |
1.05 |
1.04 |
1.95 |
2.27 |
0.47 |
0.44 |
3.37 |
3.14 |
5.19 |
5.39 |
0.13 |
0.19 |
1.19 |
0.84 |
Bachelor's degree and higher |
9.20 |
9.28 |
1.19 |
1.20 |
1.88 |
2.14 |
0.56 |
0.57 |
3.96 |
3.68 |
4.29 |
4.89 |
0.18 |
0.26 |
1.41 |
0.81 |
Bachelor's degree only |
9.27 |
9.31 |
1.13 |
1.20 |
1.93 |
2.15 |
0.53 |
0.54 |
3.92 |
3.58 |
4.37 |
4.98 |
0.18 |
0.22 |
1.37 |
0.83 |
Advanced degree |
9.09 |
9.22 |
1.27 |
1.20 |
1.81 |
2.12 |
0.60 |
0.61 |
4.00 |
3.82 |
4.18 |
4.75 |
0.18 |
0.31 |
1.46 |
0.78 |
|
Note: A primary activity refers to an individual's main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Data refer to persons 15 years and over, unless otherwise specified, and are representative of the periods May 10th through December 31st. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.
|
Table 4. Employed persons working and time spent working at home or workplace, by job status and educational attainment, averages for May to December, 2019 and 2020
| Characteristic |
Total employed
(in thousands) |
Employed persons who worked on an
average day |
Employed persons who worked at their
workplace on an average day |
Employed persons who worked at
home on an average day |
Percent of
employed |
Average hours of
work |
Percent of those
who worked |
Average hours of
work at workplace |
Percent of those
who worked |
Average hours of
work at home |
| 2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
Full- and part-time status and sex |
|
Total, 15 years and over |
166,910 |
155,737 |
67.1 |
65.8 |
7.65 |
7.64 |
81.4 |
63.1 |
7.91 |
7.79 |
22.4 |
41.7 |
3.64 |
5.78 |
Full-time workers |
130,087 |
120,949 |
70.6 |
69.1 |
8.15 |
8.14 |
82.7 |
62.3 |
8.31 |
8.22 |
22.3 |
43.2 |
3.84 |
6.24 |
Part-time workers |
36,823 |
34,789 |
54.6 |
54.3 |
5.37 |
5.41 |
75.6 |
66.9 |
5.89 |
6.00 |
22.7 |
35.0 |
2.71 |
3.26 |
Men |
89,256 |
82,703 |
70.8 |
68.0 |
7.90 |
8.01 |
84.7 |
68.0 |
8.15 |
8.08 |
19.7 |
35.5 |
3.48 |
5.98 |
Full-time workers |
74,898 |
69,467 |
73.2 |
70.4 |
8.30 |
8.39 |
85.5 |
67.7 |
8.49 |
8.43 |
19.7 |
36.7 |
3.61 |
6.26 |
Part-time workers |
14,358 |
13,236 |
58.4 |
55.6 |
5.27 |
5.47 |
79.1 |
69.6 |
5.68 |
5.81 |
19.8 |
27.4 |
2.64 |
3.50 |
Women |
77,654 |
73,034 |
62.8 |
63.2 |
7.32 |
7.18 |
77.1 |
57.2 |
7.57 |
7.36 |
25.9 |
49.3 |
3.80 |
5.61 |
Full-time workers |
55,189 |
51,481 |
67.1 |
67.3 |
7.92 |
7.78 |
78.4 |
54.6 |
8.02 |
7.85 |
26.2 |
52.4 |
4.11 |
6.23 |
Part-time workers |
22,465 |
21,553 |
52.2 |
53.5 |
5.44 |
5.38 |
73.0 |
65.2 |
6.06 |
6.13 |
24.8 |
39.8 |
2.75 |
3.16 |
Jobholding status |
|
Single jobholders |
151,151 |
142,864 |
66.0 |
64.4 |
7.62 |
7.64 |
82.8 |
63.3 |
7.91 |
7.78 |
20.4 |
40.7 |
3.59 |
5.92 |
Multiple jobholders |
15,760 |
12,874 |
77.1 |
81.1 |
7.83 |
7.65 |
69.8 |
61.6 |
7.86 |
7.86 |
38.8 |
50.2 |
3.84 |
4.83 |
Educational attainment, 25 years and over |
|
Less than a high school diploma |
10,074 |
7,709 |
64.4 |
62.9 |
8.28 |
8.48 |
85.6 |
89.0 |
8.39 |
7.89 |
9.5 |
13.6 |
s |
4.61 |
High school graduates, no college |
36,519 |
32,409 |
65.6 |
64.0 |
8.13 |
8.23 |
90.3 |
86.9 |
8.25 |
8.24 |
12.7 |
18.5 |
3.23 |
4.46 |
Some college or associate degree |
33,792 |
30,584 |
65.4 |
65.5 |
7.89 |
7.98 |
81.3 |
68.5 |
8.33 |
8.01 |
16.8 |
36.2 |
4.11 |
5.91 |
Bachelor's degree and higher |
63,730 |
64,032 |
70.4 |
68.7 |
7.42 |
7.43 |
72.2 |
41.7 |
7.83 |
7.69 |
37.2 |
65.3 |
3.61 |
6.09 |
Bachelor's degree only |
36,117 |
38,367 |
69.2 |
66.4 |
7.60 |
7.65 |
74.2 |
46.2 |
7.92 |
7.81 |
33.8 |
59.0 |
3.93 |
6.32 |
Advanced degree |
27,614 |
25,665 |
72.0 |
72.1 |
7.19 |
7.13 |
69.6 |
35.5 |
7.71 |
7.46 |
41.5 |
73.9 |
3.28 |
5.82 |
|
Note: Includes work at main and other job(s) and at locations other than home or workplace. Excludes travel related to work. Data refer to persons 15 years and over, unless otherwise specified, and are representative of the periods May 10th through December 31st.
|
Table 5. Employed persons working and time spent working on main job at home or workplace, by class of worker, occupation, industry, and earnings, averages for May to December, 2019 and 2020
| Characteristic |
Total employed
(in thousands) |
Employed persons who worked on an
average day |
Employed persons who worked at their
workplace on an average day |
Employed persons who worked at home
on an average day |
Percent of
employed |
Average hours of
work |
Percent of those
who worked |
Average hours of
work at workplace |
Percent of those
who worked |
Average hours of
work at home |
| 2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
Class of worker (main job only) |
|
Wage and salary workers |
156,570 |
145,545 |
66.2 |
64.9 |
7.65 |
7.64 |
83.7 |
64.5 |
7.88 |
7.81 |
19.4 |
39.5 |
3.63 |
5.91 |
Self-employed workers |
10,283 |
10,169 |
64.9 |
65.2 |
6.27 |
6.51 |
s |
s |
7.36 |
6.85 |
s |
s |
4.02 |
5.01 |
Occupation (main job only) |
|
Management, business, and financial operations |
26,677 |
30,198 |
70.6 |
68.5 |
7.95 |
7.97 |
74.2 |
40.6 |
8.30 |
7.98 |
34.4 |
68.1 |
4.40 |
6.59 |
Professional and related |
43,370 |
40,872 |
66.7 |
65.3 |
7.16 |
6.99 |
70.8 |
44.2 |
7.70 |
7.54 |
34.6 |
59.9 |
3.49 |
5.64 |
Service |
27,309 |
21,762 |
62.4 |
61.2 |
7.38 |
7.25 |
87.9 |
88.0 |
7.66 |
7.26 |
12.0 |
15.7 |
2.46 |
3.53 |
Sales and related |
14,759 |
13,185 |
68.6 |
66.8 |
7.23 |
7.23 |
80.0 |
69.9 |
7.25 |
7.37 |
23.3 |
33.0 |
4.44 |
5.88 |
Office and administrative support |
18,683 |
17,588 |
64.9 |
61.5 |
7.26 |
7.37 |
87.4 |
68.4 |
7.44 |
7.37 |
12.6 |
34.7 |
4.04 |
6.17 |
Farming, fishing, and forestry |
1,690 |
2,021 |
s |
s |
7.58 |
7.99 |
s |
s |
7.45 |
9.32 |
s |
s |
s |
4.43 |
Construction and extraction |
8,826 |
6,200 |
62.7 |
63.5 |
7.80 |
8.32 |
91.9 |
s |
8.14 |
8.40 |
11.4 |
s |
s |
s |
Installation, maintenance, and repair |
6,058 |
5,415 |
s |
77.6 |
8.90 |
8.65 |
s |
s |
9.13 |
8.70 |
s |
s |
s |
6.82 |
Production |
9,035 |
7,799 |
67.1 |
61.8 |
8.42 |
7.72 |
98.2 |
s |
8.38 |
8.24 |
6.5 |
s |
s |
2.85 |
Transportation and material moving |
10,503 |
10,698 |
67.7 |
61.7 |
8.06 |
8.72 |
91.3 |
91.0 |
7.98 |
8.34 |
4.0 |
3.7 |
s |
s |
Industry (main job only) |
|
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting |
3,000 |
2,416 |
s |
s |
7.28 |
7.93 |
s |
s |
8.27 |
8.97 |
s |
s |
s |
4.63 |
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction |
795 |
445 |
s |
s |
9.30 |
s |
s |
s |
9.54 |
s |
s |
s |
s |
s |
Construction |
9,831 |
10,740 |
64.5 |
68.8 |
7.85 |
8.37 |
88.6 |
79.7 |
8.27 |
8.73 |
17.2 |
24.3 |
2.62 |
4.97 |
Manufacturing |
16,854 |
16,261 |
65.3 |
62.8 |
8.21 |
8.19 |
88.6 |
76.1 |
8.29 |
8.16 |
18.9 |
29.9 |
4.03 |
6.18 |
Wholesale and retail trade |
19,421 |
18,735 |
68.1 |
67.3 |
7.84 |
7.47 |
89.7 |
79.0 |
7.79 |
7.66 |
12.4 |
22.7 |
3.91 |
5.24 |
Transportation and utilities |
9,038 |
9,203 |
69.2 |
65.8 |
7.97 |
8.33 |
89.1 |
77.2 |
7.92 |
8.42 |
10.8 |
20.2 |
2.08 |
6.62 |
Information |
3,215 |
2,783 |
s |
s |
7.45 |
7.92 |
s |
s |
8.52 |
6.83 |
s |
s |
4.75 |
7.71 |
Financial activities |
12,053 |
10,760 |
68.6 |
64.7 |
7.40 |
7.81 |
78.3 |
s |
7.60 |
7.46 |
30.0 |
69.7 |
4.31 |
7.10 |
Professional and business services |
23,032 |
21,428 |
70.6 |
67.0 |
7.67 |
7.72 |
70.2 |
45.8 |
7.84 |
7.61 |
34.1 |
59.5 |
4.94 |
6.62 |
Education and health services |
39,646 |
34,949 |
63.8 |
61.7 |
7.12 |
6.97 |
77.6 |
57.9 |
7.71 |
7.46 |
26.1 |
49.3 |
2.61 |
4.64 |
Leisure and hospitality |
14,791 |
11,749 |
67.7 |
64.1 |
7.09 |
6.93 |
90.0 |
80.8 |
7.36 |
7.04 |
11.0 |
19.2 |
3.18 |
5.47 |
Other services |
8,601 |
8,550 |
55.6 |
68.2 |
7.18 |
6.73 |
s |
s |
7.66 |
7.14 |
s |
s |
3.30 |
4.63 |
Public administration |
6,633 |
7,720 |
60.8 |
63.3 |
8.10 |
7.96 |
92.3 |
s |
8.18 |
8.24 |
7.1 |
s |
s |
6.82 |
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers (single jobholders only) |
|
Earnings less than or equal to the 25th percentile |
27,930 |
26,031 |
69.4 |
63.0 |
7.91 |
7.97 |
94.2 |
86.2 |
7.91 |
7.90 |
6.4 |
17.1 |
s |
5.65 |
Earnings from 25th to 50th percentiles |
26,967 |
25,069 |
69.5 |
63.9 |
8.27 |
8.20 |
90.7 |
69.0 |
8.58 |
8.56 |
11.7 |
33.3 |
2.53 |
5.95 |
Earnings from 50th to 75th percentiles |
26,434 |
25,731 |
63.5 |
69.8 |
8.00 |
8.06 |
82.9 |
57.8 |
8.41 |
8.41 |
20.3 |
45.2 |
2.96 |
6.04 |
Earnings greater than the 75th percentile |
26,618 |
26,016 |
72.6 |
72.6 |
8.27 |
8.21 |
76.1 |
40.7 |
8.58 |
8.18 |
33.4 |
65.3 |
4.14 |
7.14 |
|
Note: Includes work at main job only and at locations other than home or workplace. Excludes travel related to work. Data refer to persons 15 years and over and are representative of the periods May 10th through December 31st.
|
Table 6. Time adults spent caring for household children as a primary activity, by age of youngest child, averages for May to December, 2019 and 2020
| Primary childcare activity and age of youngest child |
Average hours per day,
population |
Average percent engaged in the
activity per day |
Average hours per day for
persons who engaged in the
activity |
| 2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
Children under age 18, total |
|
Caring for household children as a primary activity |
1.18 |
1.27 |
60.7 |
53.4 |
1.94 |
2.37 |
Physical care |
0.44 |
0.44 |
42.1 |
37.7 |
1.05 |
1.17 |
Education-related activities |
0.08 |
0.23 |
8.1 |
10.2 |
0.99 |
2.24 |
Reading to/with children |
0.04 |
0.05 |
8.6 |
8.6 |
0.46 |
0.57 |
Talking to/with children |
0.05 |
0.04 |
8.9 |
5.8 |
0.60 |
0.77 |
Playing/doing hobbies with children |
0.30 |
0.35 |
17.2 |
17.4 |
1.75 |
2.01 |
Looking after children |
0.06 |
0.05 |
7.4 |
5.3 |
0.87 |
1.03 |
Attending children's events |
0.07 |
0.03 |
3.8 |
1.8 |
1.82 |
1.87 |
Other childcare activities |
0.13 |
0.07 |
28.7 |
15.7 |
0.46 |
0.42 |
Youngest child ages 6 to 17 |
|
Caring for household children as a primary activity |
0.58 |
0.62 |
45.9 |
38.6 |
1.26 |
1.62 |
Physical care |
0.13 |
0.15 |
21.8 |
20.0 |
0.59 |
0.74 |
Education-related activities |
0.06 |
0.18 |
6.4 |
9.9 |
0.97 |
1.82 |
Reading to/with children |
0.01 |
0.02 |
3.3 |
3.3 |
0.43 |
0.59 |
Talking to/with children |
0.06 |
0.05 |
9.8 |
6.3 |
0.60 |
0.74 |
Playing/doing hobbies with children |
0.08 |
0.10 |
5.4 |
6.5 |
1.47 |
1.61 |
Looking after children |
0.05 |
0.02 |
6.2 |
3.1 |
0.84 |
0.78 |
Attending children's events |
0.08 |
0.04 |
3.9 |
2.0 |
2.18 |
2.12 |
Other childcare activities |
0.10 |
0.06 |
25.0 |
13.3 |
0.39 |
0.43 |
Child under age 6 |
|
Caring for household children as a primary activity |
2.03 |
2.13 |
81.7 |
73.5 |
2.48 |
2.90 |
Physical care |
0.88 |
0.83 |
70.7 |
61.6 |
1.25 |
1.35 |
Education-related activities |
0.11 |
0.30 |
10.4 |
10.7 |
1.01 |
2.77 |
Reading to/with children |
0.07 |
0.09 |
16.0 |
15.7 |
0.47 |
0.57 |
Talking to/with children |
0.05 |
0.04 |
7.7 |
5.2 |
0.59 |
0.82 |
Playing/doing hobbies with children |
0.61 |
0.68 |
33.9 |
32.2 |
1.81 |
2.12 |
Looking after children |
0.08 |
0.09 |
9.0 |
8.1 |
0.89 |
1.16 |
Attending children's events |
0.04 |
0.02 |
3.6 |
1.4 |
1.25 |
1.37 |
Other childcare activities |
0.18 |
0.08 |
33.8 |
19.0 |
0.52 |
0.40 |
|
Note: Includes persons 18 years and over living in households with children under 18, whether or not they provided childcare. Data are representative of the periods May 10th through December 31st. Unlike in prior years, "Caring for household children as a primary activity" does not include associated travel.
|
Table 7. Time adults spent caring for household children as a primary activity, by sex of childcare provider and age of youngest child, averages for May to December, 2019 and 2020
| Primary childcare activity and age of youngest child |
Average hours per day, population |
Average percent engaged in the activity per day |
Average hours per day for persons who engaged
in the activity |
| Men |
Women |
Men |
Women |
Men |
Women |
| 2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
Children under age 18, total |
|
Caring for household children as a primary activity |
0.83 |
0.77 |
1.47 |
1.69 |
54.4 |
40.8 |
66.1 |
64.2 |
1.53 |
1.88 |
2.23 |
2.63 |
Physical care |
0.24 |
0.24 |
0.61 |
0.61 |
31.6 |
25.3 |
51.0 |
48.3 |
0.77 |
0.95 |
1.20 |
1.27 |
Education-related activities |
0.05 |
0.08 |
0.10 |
0.35 |
5.3 |
5.0 |
10.4 |
14.7 |
0.96 |
1.65 |
1.01 |
2.41 |
Reading to/with children |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.05 |
0.07 |
6.7 |
5.1 |
10.1 |
11.6 |
0.43 |
0.59 |
0.48 |
0.57 |
Talking to/with children |
0.05 |
0.03 |
0.05 |
0.06 |
7.2 |
3.4 |
10.4 |
7.9 |
0.72 |
0.90 |
0.52 |
0.72 |
Playing/doing hobbies with children |
0.29 |
0.30 |
0.31 |
0.39 |
17.2 |
15.2 |
17.3 |
19.3 |
1.68 |
1.96 |
1.80 |
2.04 |
Looking after children |
0.04 |
0.03 |
0.08 |
0.07 |
5.6 |
3.0 |
8.8 |
7.2 |
0.79 |
1.16 |
0.91 |
0.98 |
Attending children's events |
0.06 |
0.02 |
0.07 |
0.04 |
3.2 |
1.2 |
4.3 |
2.3 |
1.96 |
2.00 |
1.72 |
1.80 |
Other childcare activities |
0.06 |
0.03 |
0.19 |
0.10 |
19.7 |
10.0 |
36.3 |
20.6 |
0.30 |
0.27 |
0.53 |
0.48 |
Youngest child ages 6 to 17 |
|
Caring for household children as a primary activity |
0.43 |
0.38 |
0.71 |
0.84 |
39.0 |
28.9 |
52.0 |
47.3 |
1.11 |
1.32 |
1.37 |
1.78 |
Physical care |
0.07 |
0.06 |
0.18 |
0.23 |
13.8 |
11.5 |
29.1 |
27.5 |
0.53 |
0.49 |
0.62 |
0.84 |
Education-related activities |
0.05 |
0.10 |
0.08 |
0.25 |
5.3 |
6.4 |
7.4 |
13.0 |
0.90 |
1.59 |
1.02 |
1.92 |
Reading to/with children |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
2.9 |
1.4 |
3.7 |
5.0 |
0.29 |
0.51 |
0.53 |
0.61 |
Talking to/with children |
0.05 |
0.03 |
0.07 |
0.06 |
7.5 |
3.3 |
12.0 |
9.0 |
0.60 |
0.85 |
0.60 |
0.70 |
Playing/doing hobbies with children |
0.09 |
0.12 |
0.07 |
0.09 |
5.9 |
7.5 |
5.0 |
5.6 |
1.53 |
1.58 |
1.39 |
1.64 |
Looking after children |
0.04 |
0.02 |
0.07 |
0.03 |
5.3 |
2.0 |
7.0 |
4.2 |
0.67 |
s |
0.96 |
0.64 |
Attending children's events |
0.08 |
z |
0.09 |
0.06 |
3.7 |
1.4 |
4.1 |
2.6 |
2.26 |
s |
2.11 |
2.16 |
Other childcare activities |
0.05 |
0.02 |
0.14 |
0.09 |
18.4 |
8.7 |
31.1 |
17.4 |
0.28 |
0.24 |
0.45 |
0.52 |
Child under age 6 |
|
Caring for household children as a primary activity |
1.44 |
1.32 |
2.48 |
2.78 |
78.0 |
57.9 |
84.6 |
86.0 |
1.85 |
2.29 |
2.93 |
3.23 |
Physical care |
0.51 |
0.50 |
1.18 |
1.10 |
59.0 |
45.2 |
79.7 |
74.7 |
0.86 |
1.12 |
1.48 |
1.47 |
Education-related activities |
0.06 |
0.05 |
0.14 |
0.49 |
5.3 |
2.9 |
14.4 |
16.9 |
1.06 |
s |
1.00 |
2.89 |
Reading to/with children |
0.06 |
0.06 |
0.09 |
0.11 |
12.7 |
10.4 |
18.7 |
20.0 |
0.48 |
0.61 |
0.46 |
0.55 |
Talking to/with children |
0.06 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.05 |
6.8 |
3.6 |
8.4 |
6.4 |
0.93 |
0.97 |
0.38 |
0.75 |
Playing/doing hobbies with children |
0.59 |
0.56 |
0.63 |
0.78 |
34.6 |
26.4 |
33.4 |
36.8 |
1.71 |
2.12 |
1.88 |
2.12 |
Looking after children |
0.06 |
0.05 |
0.10 |
0.13 |
6.2 |
4.4 |
11.2 |
11.1 |
0.96 |
1.20 |
0.86 |
1.15 |
Attending children's events |
0.03 |
s |
0.06 |
0.02 |
2.4 |
1.0 |
4.5 |
1.8 |
1.25 |
s |
1.26 |
1.12 |
Other childcare activities |
0.07 |
0.04 |
0.26 |
0.11 |
21.7 |
11.9 |
43.2 |
24.7 |
0.33 |
0.30 |
0.60 |
0.43 |
|
Note: Includes persons 18 years and over living in households with children under 18, whether or not they provided childcare. Data are representative of the periods May 10th through December 31st. Unlike in prior years, "Caring for household children as a primary activity" does not include associated travel.
|
Table 8. Time adults living with children under 13 spent providing childcare as a secondary activity, by primary activity and sex of provider and age of youngest child, averages for May to December, 2019 and 2020
| Primary activity and age of youngest child |
Average hours per day adults spent providing secondary childcare for household children |
| Total |
Men |
Women |
| 2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
Children under age 13, total |
|
Total |
5.07 |
6.06 |
4.06 |
4.88 |
5.91 |
7.05 |
Personal care activities |
0.26 |
0.22 |
0.23 |
0.15 |
0.29 |
0.29 |
Household activities |
1.22 |
1.46 |
0.67 |
0.89 |
1.67 |
1.94 |
Purchasing goods and services |
0.21 |
0.18 |
0.13 |
0.11 |
0.28 |
0.25 |
Working and work-related activities |
0.22 |
0.67 |
0.18 |
0.62 |
0.24 |
0.72 |
Eating and drinking |
0.58 |
0.67 |
0.53 |
0.58 |
0.62 |
0.75 |
Leisure and sports |
1.81 |
2.15 |
1.70 |
2.08 |
1.91 |
2.22 |
Travel |
0.40 |
0.32 |
0.36 |
0.26 |
0.43 |
0.38 |
Other activities |
0.38 |
0.37 |
0.26 |
0.19 |
0.47 |
0.52 |
Youngest child ages 6 to 12 |
|
Total |
4.41 |
6.02 |
3.47 |
4.82 |
5.25 |
7.10 |
Personal care activities |
0.24 |
0.22 |
0.18 |
0.15 |
0.29 |
0.29 |
Household activities |
0.89 |
1.32 |
0.48 |
0.91 |
1.25 |
1.70 |
Purchasing goods and services |
0.19 |
0.21 |
0.10 |
0.11 |
0.26 |
0.29 |
Working and work-related activities |
0.27 |
0.85 |
0.27 |
0.56 |
0.27 |
1.11 |
Eating and drinking |
0.47 |
0.60 |
0.41 |
0.51 |
0.52 |
0.68 |
Leisure and sports |
1.64 |
2.19 |
1.50 |
2.10 |
1.77 |
2.27 |
Travel |
0.35 |
0.32 |
0.29 |
s |
0.41 |
0.36 |
Other activities |
0.36 |
0.30 |
0.24 |
0.18 |
0.47 |
0.41 |
Child under age 6 |
|
Total |
5.65 |
6.09 |
4.61 |
4.94 |
6.45 |
7.01 |
Personal care activities |
0.28 |
0.22 |
0.29 |
0.14 |
0.28 |
0.29 |
Household activities |
1.50 |
1.57 |
0.84 |
0.87 |
2.01 |
2.13 |
Purchasing goods and services |
0.23 |
0.16 |
0.15 |
0.10 |
0.29 |
0.22 |
Working and work-related activities |
0.17 |
0.53 |
0.10 |
0.67 |
0.22 |
0.41 |
Eating and drinking |
0.68 |
0.73 |
0.63 |
0.64 |
0.71 |
0.80 |
Leisure and sports |
1.96 |
2.13 |
1.88 |
2.06 |
2.03 |
2.18 |
Travel |
0.43 |
0.33 |
0.42 |
0.25 |
0.44 |
0.39 |
Other activities |
0.39 |
0.42 |
0.29 |
0.20 |
0.47 |
0.60 |
|
Note: Includes persons 18 years and over living in households with children under 13 years, whether or not they provided childcare. Data are representative of the periods May 10th through December 31st.
|
Table 9. Time spent in leisure and sports activities by selected characteristics, averages for May to December, 2019 and 2020
| Characteristic |
Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities |
Total, all leisure
and sports
activities |
Participating in
sports, exercise,
and recreation |
Socializing and
communicating |
Watching TV |
Reading |
Relaxing/
thinking |
Playing games and
computer use for
leisure |
Other leisure and
sports activities |
| 2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
Age |
|
Total, 15 years and over |
4.99 |
5.53 |
0.32 |
0.37 |
0.66 |
0.54 |
2.74 |
3.05 |
0.28 |
0.34 |
0.33 |
0.44 |
0.45 |
0.62 |
0.21 |
0.16 |
15 to 19 years |
5.15 |
6.40 |
0.51 |
0.62 |
0.79 |
0.60 |
1.93 |
2.54 |
0.15 |
0.14 |
0.25 |
0.38 |
1.23 |
1.88 |
0.29 |
0.23 |
20 to 24 years |
4.86 |
5.58 |
0.65 |
0.37 |
0.56 |
0.66 |
2.24 |
2.38 |
0.11 |
0.20 |
0.21 |
0.38 |
0.91 |
1.41 |
0.17 |
0.18 |
25 to 34 years |
4.10 |
4.57 |
0.36 |
0.43 |
0.63 |
0.66 |
1.97 |
2.15 |
0.11 |
0.19 |
0.28 |
0.33 |
0.57 |
0.72 |
0.19 |
0.09 |
35 to 44 years |
3.79 |
4.03 |
0.30 |
0.38 |
0.63 |
0.55 |
1.95 |
2.14 |
0.16 |
0.20 |
0.28 |
0.29 |
0.29 |
0.33 |
0.20 |
0.13 |
45 to 54 years |
4.22 |
4.94 |
0.25 |
0.34 |
0.63 |
0.47 |
2.41 |
2.90 |
0.26 |
0.23 |
0.23 |
0.43 |
0.22 |
0.34 |
0.24 |
0.22 |
55 to 64 years |
5.15 |
5.58 |
0.24 |
0.28 |
0.69 |
0.52 |
3.13 |
3.46 |
0.27 |
0.29 |
0.39 |
0.59 |
0.21 |
0.28 |
0.21 |
0.16 |
65 to 74 years |
6.89 |
7.09 |
0.26 |
0.37 |
0.67 |
0.43 |
4.43 |
4.42 |
0.52 |
0.72 |
0.47 |
0.58 |
0.31 |
0.40 |
0.22 |
0.17 |
75 years and over |
7.46 |
8.05 |
0.21 |
0.21 |
0.74 |
0.44 |
4.52 |
5.20 |
0.82 |
0.95 |
0.57 |
0.55 |
0.42 |
0.51 |
0.18 |
0.19 |
Sex |
|
Men |
5.36 |
5.98 |
0.42 |
0.44 |
0.59 |
0.52 |
3.01 |
3.30 |
0.23 |
0.30 |
0.32 |
0.45 |
0.60 |
0.82 |
0.20 |
0.17 |
Women |
4.65 |
5.10 |
0.23 |
0.30 |
0.73 |
0.56 |
2.50 |
2.83 |
0.32 |
0.38 |
0.34 |
0.43 |
0.31 |
0.44 |
0.22 |
0.16 |
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
|
White |
4.98 |
5.50 |
0.33 |
0.40 |
0.69 |
0.56 |
2.71 |
3.01 |
0.31 |
0.37 |
0.30 |
0.40 |
0.43 |
0.63 |
0.21 |
0.14 |
Black or African American |
5.46 |
6.14 |
0.26 |
0.20 |
0.64 |
0.46 |
3.30 |
3.68 |
0.10 |
0.24 |
0.54 |
0.74 |
0.42 |
0.52 |
0.20 |
s |
Asian |
3.70 |
4.48 |
0.38 |
0.42 |
0.40 |
0.52 |
1.44 |
2.09 |
0.21 |
0.25 |
0.26 |
s |
0.74 |
0.76 |
0.27 |
0.15 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
4.29 |
5.07 |
0.24 |
0.27 |
0.69 |
0.49 |
2.25 |
2.77 |
0.10 |
0.10 |
0.38 |
0.60 |
0.46 |
0.75 |
0.18 |
0.09 |
Employment status |
|
Employed |
4.02 |
4.30 |
0.29 |
0.33 |
0.63 |
0.52 |
2.07 |
2.27 |
0.18 |
0.22 |
0.26 |
0.34 |
0.38 |
0.50 |
0.20 |
0.12 |
Full-time workers |
3.84 |
4.16 |
0.30 |
0.34 |
0.60 |
0.53 |
2.04 |
2.24 |
0.15 |
0.21 |
0.24 |
0.33 |
0.32 |
0.42 |
0.19 |
0.10 |
Part-time workers |
4.66 |
4.78 |
0.28 |
0.30 |
0.75 |
0.50 |
2.19 |
2.39 |
0.27 |
0.24 |
0.32 |
0.40 |
0.62 |
0.78 |
0.22 |
0.17 |
Not employed |
6.68 |
7.28 |
0.38 |
0.42 |
0.71 |
0.57 |
3.90 |
4.17 |
0.44 |
0.52 |
0.45 |
0.57 |
0.56 |
0.80 |
0.23 |
0.23 |
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage
and salary workers (single jobholders only) |
|
Earnings less than or equal to the 25th percentile |
3.84 |
4.56 |
0.22 |
0.18 |
0.42 |
0.56 |
2.11 |
2.62 |
0.15 |
0.11 |
0.34 |
0.37 |
0.48 |
0.60 |
0.12 |
0.12 |
Earnings from 25th to 50th percentiles |
4.14 |
4.31 |
0.28 |
0.33 |
0.67 |
0.51 |
2.34 |
2.33 |
0.13 |
0.17 |
0.21 |
0.36 |
0.31 |
0.48 |
0.20 |
0.13 |
Earnings from 50th to 75th percentiles |
4.06 |
4.20 |
0.30 |
0.38 |
0.60 |
0.49 |
2.20 |
2.23 |
0.16 |
0.37 |
0.18 |
0.29 |
0.36 |
0.33 |
0.26 |
0.10 |
Earnings greater than the 75th percentile |
3.61 |
4.06 |
0.39 |
0.50 |
0.63 |
0.55 |
1.82 |
2.10 |
0.20 |
0.20 |
0.16 |
0.23 |
0.22 |
0.41 |
0.20 |
0.09 |
Presence and age of household children |
|
No household children under 18 |
5.54 |
6.14 |
0.33 |
0.37 |
0.66 |
0.53 |
3.15 |
3.51 |
0.35 |
0.44 |
0.35 |
0.44 |
0.48 |
0.66 |
0.22 |
0.19 |
Household children under 18 |
3.95 |
4.36 |
0.30 |
0.37 |
0.66 |
0.55 |
1.97 |
2.19 |
0.14 |
0.16 |
0.29 |
0.43 |
0.39 |
0.54 |
0.19 |
0.12 |
Children 13 to 17 years, none younger |
4.53 |
5.13 |
0.36 |
0.39 |
0.72 |
0.60 |
2.46 |
2.68 |
0.17 |
0.18 |
0.17 |
0.37 |
0.47 |
0.75 |
0.20 |
0.17 |
Children 6 to 12 years, none younger |
3.97 |
4.40 |
0.30 |
0.42 |
0.60 |
0.46 |
1.95 |
2.17 |
0.14 |
0.18 |
0.32 |
0.50 |
0.47 |
0.54 |
0.20 |
0.12 |
Youngest child under 6 years |
3.60 |
3.86 |
0.28 |
0.31 |
0.69 |
0.60 |
1.70 |
1.91 |
0.12 |
0.13 |
0.34 |
0.42 |
0.27 |
0.41 |
0.19 |
0.08 |
Marital status and sex |
|
Married, spouse present |
4.59 |
5.00 |
0.27 |
0.36 |
0.68 |
0.55 |
2.55 |
2.88 |
0.30 |
0.35 |
0.31 |
0.39 |
0.28 |
0.33 |
0.21 |
0.12 |
Men |
4.98 |
5.30 |
0.30 |
0.40 |
0.64 |
0.53 |
2.93 |
3.15 |
0.26 |
0.34 |
0.33 |
0.40 |
0.32 |
0.36 |
0.19 |
0.13 |
Women |
4.19 |
4.70 |
0.23 |
0.33 |
0.72 |
0.57 |
2.14 |
2.62 |
0.34 |
0.37 |
0.29 |
0.37 |
0.24 |
0.31 |
0.23 |
0.12 |
Other marital statuses |
5.40 |
6.06 |
0.38 |
0.37 |
0.64 |
0.53 |
2.94 |
3.23 |
0.25 |
0.33 |
0.35 |
0.49 |
0.62 |
0.91 |
0.21 |
0.20 |
Men |
5.80 |
6.71 |
0.56 |
0.48 |
0.53 |
0.50 |
3.09 |
3.45 |
0.19 |
0.26 |
0.31 |
0.51 |
0.92 |
1.31 |
0.20 |
0.21 |
Women |
5.07 |
5.48 |
0.23 |
0.28 |
0.74 |
0.56 |
2.82 |
3.03 |
0.30 |
0.39 |
0.38 |
0.48 |
0.37 |
0.56 |
0.22 |
0.19 |
Day of week |
|
Non-holiday weekdays |
4.50 |
5.07 |
0.30 |
0.33 |
0.52 |
0.42 |
2.49 |
2.84 |
0.28 |
0.34 |
0.31 |
0.40 |
0.43 |
0.57 |
0.17 |
0.16 |
Weekends or holidays |
6.11 |
6.59 |
0.37 |
0.45 |
0.99 |
0.82 |
3.30 |
3.55 |
0.28 |
0.35 |
0.37 |
0.52 |
0.50 |
0.73 |
0.31 |
0.18 |
Educational attainment, 25 years and over |
|
Less than a high school diploma |
5.76 |
6.24 |
s |
0.18 |
0.70 |
0.59 |
3.42 |
3.96 |
0.19 |
0.11 |
0.78 |
1.06 |
0.24 |
0.22 |
0.14 |
0.11 |
High school graduates, no college |
5.53 |
6.04 |
0.16 |
0.27 |
0.57 |
0.50 |
3.63 |
3.80 |
0.22 |
0.27 |
0.42 |
0.62 |
0.39 |
0.41 |
0.14 |
0.18 |
Some college or associate degree |
5.19 |
5.39 |
0.25 |
0.24 |
0.79 |
0.48 |
3.01 |
3.33 |
0.27 |
0.33 |
0.29 |
0.36 |
0.34 |
0.47 |
0.24 |
0.17 |
Bachelor's degree and higher |
4.29 |
4.89 |
0.37 |
0.49 |
0.64 |
0.55 |
2.08 |
2.47 |
0.42 |
0.52 |
0.23 |
0.26 |
0.31 |
0.47 |
0.25 |
0.14 |
Bachelor's degree only |
4.37 |
4.98 |
0.35 |
0.45 |
0.64 |
0.56 |
2.25 |
2.57 |
0.35 |
0.48 |
0.25 |
0.27 |
0.31 |
0.50 |
0.24 |
0.15 |
Advanced degree |
4.18 |
4.75 |
0.40 |
0.55 |
0.64 |
0.53 |
1.85 |
2.30 |
0.51 |
0.60 |
0.20 |
0.24 |
0.31 |
0.41 |
0.27 |
0.12 |
|
Note: Data refer to persons 15 years and over, unless otherwise specified, and are representative of the periods May 10th through December 31st. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. Unlike in prior years, "Total, all leisure and sports activities" does not include associated travel.
|
Table 10. Waking hours spent at various locations, by sex and day of week, averages for May to December, 2019 and 2020
| Location and day of week |
Average waking hours per day, population |
Average percent of population spending time at location
per day |
| Total |
Men |
Women |
Total |
Men |
Women |
| 2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
Total, all days |
|
Total waking hours |
15.16 |
14.99 |
15.22 |
15.10 |
15.11 |
14.89 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
Home or yard |
7.62 |
9.71 |
7.35 |
9.42 |
7.88 |
9.98 |
96.2 |
97.6 |
96.5 |
96.8 |
95.8 |
98.3 |
Workplace |
2.92 |
2.03 |
3.65 |
2.58 |
2.24 |
1.52 |
35.1 |
25.0 |
42.3 |
30.6 |
28.3 |
19.9 |
Someone else's home |
0.59 |
0.55 |
0.47 |
0.50 |
0.70 |
0.59 |
20.5 |
15.8 |
17.2 |
13.9 |
23.7 |
17.5 |
Restaurant or bar |
0.30 |
0.12 |
0.29 |
0.12 |
0.31 |
0.13 |
26.7 |
15.8 |
27.6 |
15.7 |
25.9 |
15.8 |
Grocery store, other store, or mall |
0.33 |
0.24 |
0.25 |
0.18 |
0.41 |
0.29 |
31.0 |
24.8 |
25.4 |
22.1 |
36.3 |
27.4 |
Outdoors, away from home |
0.20 |
0.25 |
0.24 |
0.27 |
0.15 |
0.24 |
13.8 |
18.2 |
13.8 |
18.3 |
13.8 |
18.2 |
Other places |
1.21 |
0.60 |
1.11 |
0.59 |
1.30 |
0.61 |
45.8 |
26.1 |
41.4 |
23.7 |
50.0 |
28.3 |
In transit |
1.24 |
0.82 |
1.26 |
0.87 |
1.23 |
0.77 |
83.7 |
66.4 |
84.1 |
67.9 |
83.3 |
65.0 |
Driving a car, truck, or motorcycle |
0.86 |
0.63 |
0.98 |
0.74 |
0.74 |
0.53 |
66.0 |
54.9 |
70.4 |
59.4 |
61.9 |
50.7 |
Passenger in a car, truck, or motorcycle |
0.25 |
0.14 |
0.13 |
0.08 |
0.37 |
0.20 |
20.3 |
13.4 |
12.8 |
8.4 |
27.4 |
18.0 |
Other form of transportation |
0.14 |
0.05 |
0.14 |
0.05 |
0.13 |
0.04 |
14.5 |
6.4 |
15.2 |
6.5 |
13.9 |
6.3 |
Location unknown |
0.76 |
0.68 |
0.62 |
0.58 |
0.90 |
0.77 |
81.3 |
75.3 |
77.7 |
71.4 |
84.7 |
79.0 |
Non-holiday weekdays |
|
Total waking hours |
15.45 |
15.24 |
15.53 |
15.36 |
15.37 |
15.13 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
Home or yard |
7.30 |
9.57 |
6.86 |
9.16 |
7.72 |
9.96 |
96.6 |
97.8 |
97.0 |
97.0 |
96.2 |
98.6 |
Workplace |
3.78 |
2.58 |
4.71 |
3.30 |
2.89 |
1.91 |
44.7 |
31.2 |
53.9 |
38.4 |
36.0 |
24.4 |
Someone else's home |
0.42 |
0.43 |
0.32 |
0.37 |
0.52 |
0.48 |
17.7 |
13.2 |
14.3 |
10.7 |
20.9 |
15.6 |
Restaurant or bar |
0.26 |
0.11 |
0.26 |
0.11 |
0.27 |
0.10 |
25.5 |
14.5 |
26.6 |
14.6 |
24.4 |
14.3 |
Grocery store, other store, or mall |
0.28 |
0.20 |
0.18 |
0.14 |
0.37 |
0.26 |
29.1 |
23.3 |
22.0 |
20.0 |
35.7 |
26.5 |
Outdoors, away from home |
0.16 |
0.23 |
0.20 |
0.23 |
0.12 |
0.23 |
13.3 |
18.2 |
13.6 |
17.9 |
12.9 |
18.5 |
Other places |
1.22 |
0.60 |
1.09 |
0.56 |
1.34 |
0.65 |
48.3 |
27.4 |
42.8 |
24.3 |
53.5 |
30.3 |
In transit |
1.27 |
0.83 |
1.28 |
0.89 |
1.25 |
0.78 |
85.8 |
68.0 |
86.4 |
70.3 |
85.2 |
65.9 |
Driving a car, truck, or motorcycle |
0.91 |
0.68 |
1.03 |
0.78 |
0.80 |
0.59 |
69.7 |
58.1 |
73.1 |
61.8 |
66.4 |
54.5 |
Passenger in a car, truck, or motorcycle |
0.21 |
0.11 |
0.10 |
0.06 |
0.31 |
0.16 |
17.0 |
11.2 |
10.3 |
7.5 |
23.4 |
14.7 |
Other form of transportation |
0.14 |
0.04 |
0.14 |
0.05 |
0.14 |
0.03 |
15.7 |
6.2 |
15.8 |
6.6 |
15.5 |
5.8 |
Location unknown |
0.76 |
0.69 |
0.63 |
0.60 |
0.89 |
0.77 |
83.6 |
77.8 |
80.5 |
74.5 |
86.4 |
80.9 |
Weekends or holidays |
|
Total waking hours |
14.52 |
14.40 |
14.52 |
14.48 |
14.52 |
14.34 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
Home or yard |
8.33 |
10.03 |
8.44 |
10.05 |
8.24 |
10.02 |
95.2 |
97.0 |
95.4 |
96.4 |
95.0 |
97.5 |
Workplace |
1.00 |
0.73 |
1.25 |
0.86 |
0.78 |
0.61 |
13.6 |
10.5 |
16.3 |
11.9 |
11.1 |
9.2 |
Someone else's home |
0.95 |
0.82 |
0.81 |
0.81 |
1.09 |
0.84 |
26.9 |
21.8 |
23.8 |
21.6 |
29.7 |
22.0 |
Restaurant or bar |
0.38 |
0.16 |
0.35 |
0.13 |
0.40 |
0.18 |
29.5 |
18.8 |
29.8 |
18.5 |
29.1 |
19.2 |
Grocery store, other store, or mall |
0.44 |
0.32 |
0.40 |
0.28 |
0.48 |
0.37 |
35.4 |
28.3 |
33.1 |
27.1 |
37.6 |
29.4 |
Outdoors, away from home |
0.28 |
0.30 |
0.35 |
0.35 |
0.22 |
0.26 |
15.0 |
18.3 |
14.1 |
19.3 |
15.8 |
17.3 |
Other places |
1.18 |
0.59 |
1.15 |
0.65 |
1.21 |
0.52 |
40.2 |
22.9 |
38.3 |
22.3 |
42.1 |
23.5 |
In transit |
1.19 |
0.80 |
1.20 |
0.82 |
1.19 |
0.77 |
79.1 |
62.6 |
79.0 |
62.3 |
79.2 |
62.9 |
Driving a car, truck, or motorcycle |
0.73 |
0.53 |
0.87 |
0.66 |
0.59 |
0.41 |
57.9 |
47.5 |
64.4 |
53.6 |
51.8 |
41.8 |
Passenger in a car, truck, or motorcycle |
0.35 |
0.21 |
0.19 |
0.10 |
0.50 |
0.30 |
27.7 |
18.4 |
18.5 |
10.4 |
36.3 |
25.7 |
Other form of transportation |
0.12 |
0.06 |
0.13 |
0.06 |
0.10 |
0.06 |
12.0 |
7.0 |
13.7 |
6.4 |
10.3 |
7.4 |
Location unknown |
0.75 |
0.66 |
0.58 |
0.53 |
0.91 |
0.78 |
76.1 |
69.5 |
71.2 |
64.0 |
80.7 |
74.6 |
|
Note: Data refer to persons 15 years and over and are representative of the periods May 10th through December 31st.
|
Table 11. Waking hours spent alone or with others, by selected characteristics, averages for May to December, 2019 and 2020
| Characteristic |
Average waking hours per day, alone or with others present |
| Total waking hours |
Alone |
Others present, not alone |
Information not collected |
| 2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
Age |
|
Total, 15 years and over |
15.16 |
14.99 |
6.06 |
7.01 |
8.23 |
7.19 |
0.88 |
0.79 |
15 to 19 years |
14.19 |
14.10 |
4.28 |
6.00 |
7.76 |
6.03 |
2.15 |
2.07 |
20 to 24 years |
14.55 |
14.45 |
5.79 |
6.38 |
8.03 |
7.35 |
0.72 |
0.72 |
25 to 34 years |
15.18 |
14.98 |
4.54 |
5.96 |
9.88 |
8.34 |
0.76 |
0.68 |
35 to 44 years |
15.43 |
15.20 |
5.14 |
5.62 |
9.55 |
8.94 |
0.74 |
0.64 |
45 to 54 years |
15.44 |
15.25 |
5.97 |
7.41 |
8.67 |
7.17 |
0.80 |
0.67 |
55 to 64 years |
15.46 |
15.16 |
7.30 |
7.93 |
7.38 |
6.54 |
0.78 |
0.68 |
65 to 74 years |
15.29 |
15.19 |
7.75 |
8.31 |
6.77 |
6.19 |
0.76 |
0.69 |
75 years and over |
14.93 |
14.91 |
8.16 |
8.84 |
5.92 |
5.29 |
0.84 |
0.78 |
Sex |
|
Men |
15.22 |
15.10 |
6.40 |
7.42 |
8.08 |
6.99 |
0.74 |
0.69 |
Women |
15.11 |
14.89 |
5.73 |
6.62 |
8.37 |
7.38 |
1.01 |
0.89 |
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
|
White |
15.20 |
15.04 |
5.90 |
6.84 |
8.47 |
7.40 |
0.84 |
0.80 |
Black or African American |
14.98 |
14.72 |
6.97 |
8.06 |
6.95 |
5.88 |
1.06 |
0.77 |
Asian |
15.03 |
14.89 |
5.99 |
7.02 |
7.96 |
7.08 |
1.09 |
0.79 |
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity |
14.90 |
14.79 |
5.20 |
6.03 |
8.70 |
7.82 |
1.00 |
0.94 |
Employment status |
|
Employed |
15.46 |
15.32 |
5.53 |
6.69 |
9.12 |
7.89 |
0.81 |
0.74 |
Full-time workers |
15.60 |
15.43 |
5.53 |
6.71 |
9.30 |
8.02 |
0.77 |
0.70 |
Part-time workers |
14.98 |
14.95 |
5.55 |
6.63 |
8.46 |
7.42 |
0.97 |
0.90 |
Not employed |
14.66 |
14.52 |
6.96 |
7.45 |
6.70 |
6.20 |
1.00 |
0.86 |
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers (single
jobholders only) |
|
Earnings less than or equal to the 25th percentile |
15.24 |
14.99 |
5.43 |
5.95 |
9.00 |
8.28 |
0.82 |
0.75 |
Earnings from 25th to 50th percentiles |
15.47 |
15.22 |
5.34 |
6.23 |
9.37 |
8.29 |
0.77 |
0.70 |
Earnings from 50th to 75th percentiles |
15.59 |
15.66 |
5.16 |
7.19 |
9.61 |
7.75 |
0.82 |
0.72 |
Earnings greater than the 75th percentile |
15.83 |
15.58 |
5.71 |
7.30 |
9.44 |
7.67 |
0.68 |
0.61 |
Presence and age of household children |
|
No household children under 18 |
15.11 |
14.97 |
6.83 |
7.91 |
7.41 |
6.29 |
0.88 |
0.76 |
Household children under 18 |
15.26 |
15.04 |
4.59 |
5.28 |
9.80 |
8.91 |
0.88 |
0.85 |
Children 13 to 17 years, none younger |
15.15 |
14.83 |
5.73 |
6.61 |
8.48 |
7.36 |
0.94 |
0.86 |
Children 6 to 12 years, none younger |
15.16 |
15.10 |
4.87 |
5.62 |
9.36 |
8.57 |
0.93 |
0.91 |
Youngest child under 6 years |
15.42 |
15.12 |
3.68 |
4.16 |
10.95 |
10.16 |
0.79 |
0.79 |
Marital status and sex |
|
Married, spouse present |
15.40 |
15.28 |
5.07 |
5.78 |
9.57 |
8.84 |
0.75 |
0.66 |
Men |
15.55 |
15.46 |
5.49 |
6.20 |
9.44 |
8.66 |
0.62 |
0.60 |
Women |
15.24 |
15.10 |
4.64 |
5.37 |
9.70 |
9.01 |
0.90 |
0.72 |
Other marital statuses |
14.93 |
14.70 |
7.05 |
8.25 |
6.87 |
5.53 |
1.01 |
0.93 |
Men |
14.86 |
14.70 |
7.43 |
8.72 |
6.55 |
5.21 |
0.88 |
0.78 |
Women |
14.99 |
14.70 |
6.74 |
7.83 |
7.14 |
5.81 |
1.11 |
1.06 |
Day of week |
|
Non-holiday weekdays |
15.45 |
15.24 |
6.42 |
7.43 |
8.10 |
6.96 |
0.93 |
0.85 |
Weekends or holidays |
14.52 |
14.40 |
5.24 |
6.01 |
8.52 |
7.73 |
0.76 |
0.66 |
Educational attainment, 25 years and over |
|
Less than a high school diploma |
14.76 |
14.58 |
6.58 |
6.77 |
7.47 |
7.19 |
0.71 |
0.62 |
High school graduates, no college |
15.14 |
14.96 |
6.46 |
7.07 |
7.93 |
7.20 |
0.75 |
0.69 |
Some college or associate degree |
15.31 |
15.11 |
6.14 |
7.13 |
8.40 |
7.28 |
0.77 |
0.69 |
Bachelor's degree and higher |
15.58 |
15.36 |
6.08 |
7.32 |
8.69 |
7.36 |
0.81 |
0.68 |
Bachelor's degree only |
15.52 |
15.32 |
6.11 |
7.22 |
8.58 |
7.43 |
0.82 |
0.68 |
Advanced degree |
15.66 |
15.43 |
6.03 |
7.47 |
8.83 |
7.27 |
0.80 |
0.69 |
|
Note: Data refer to persons 15 years and over, unless otherwise specified, and are representative of the periods May 10th through December 31st. Time spent with multiple people is counted in all relevant categories. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.
|
Table 12. Waking hours spent alone or with others, by sex and household composition, averages for May to December, 2019 and 2020
| Presence of others and household composition |
Average waking hours per day, population |
Average percent of population spending time alone
or with others present per day |
| Total |
Men |
Women |
Total |
Men |
Women |
| 2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
Total, all persons |
|
Total waking hours |
15.16 |
14.99 |
15.22 |
15.10 |
15.11 |
14.89 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
Alone |
6.06 |
7.01 |
6.40 |
7.42 |
5.73 |
6.62 |
94.2 |
94.6 |
94.7 |
94.5 |
93.8 |
94.7 |
Others present, not alone |
8.23 |
7.19 |
8.08 |
6.99 |
8.37 |
7.38 |
92.7 |
87.8 |
91.7 |
86.5 |
93.7 |
89.1 |
With household members present |
4.51 |
4.75 |
4.10 |
4.33 |
4.90 |
5.15 |
72.4 |
74.3 |
71.9 |
73.1 |
72.8 |
75.5 |
Family members |
4.22 |
4.41 |
3.78 |
4.03 |
4.63 |
4.76 |
67.4 |
69.1 |
66.5 |
67.7 |
68.3 |
70.3 |
Spouse |
2.65 |
2.81 |
2.79 |
2.88 |
2.51 |
2.74 |
44.9 |
46.1 |
47.2 |
47.6 |
42.8 |
44.6 |
Own children under 18 |
1.37 |
1.44 |
1.01 |
1.06 |
1.71 |
1.80 |
23.4 |
22.8 |
21.5 |
20.1 |
25.2 |
25.4 |
Non-family household members |
0.37 |
0.43 |
0.41 |
0.37 |
0.34 |
0.48 |
7.1 |
7.6 |
7.9 |
7.5 |
6.3 |
7.7 |
With nonhousehold members present |
4.43 |
2.89 |
4.59 |
3.05 |
4.29 |
2.73 |
67.9 |
48.5 |
66.2 |
48.4 |
69.5 |
48.5 |
Family |
0.95 |
0.71 |
0.67 |
0.58 |
1.21 |
0.83 |
22.4 |
17.4 |
16.9 |
14.4 |
27.4 |
20.2 |
Coworkers or customers |
2.38 |
1.51 |
2.90 |
1.88 |
1.90 |
1.17 |
30.8 |
19.8 |
36.3 |
23.5 |
25.6 |
16.2 |
Friends, neighbors, and acquaintances |
0.70 |
0.44 |
0.67 |
0.40 |
0.73 |
0.46 |
21.1 |
12.6 |
19.8 |
11.9 |
22.3 |
13.3 |
Other nonhousehold members |
0.62 |
0.31 |
0.51 |
0.25 |
0.71 |
0.37 |
18.9 |
9.9 |
15.9 |
8.1 |
21.8 |
11.6 |
Information not collected |
0.88 |
0.79 |
0.74 |
0.69 |
1.01 |
0.89 |
81.4 |
75.6 |
77.8 |
71.8 |
84.8 |
79.1 |
Persons living alone |
|
Total waking hours |
15.20 |
14.89 |
15.15 |
15.06 |
15.24 |
14.76 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
Alone |
9.72 |
11.31 |
9.69 |
11.60 |
9.74 |
11.09 |
98.5 |
98.9 |
98.2 |
98.8 |
98.8 |
98.9 |
Others present, not alone |
4.62 |
2.86 |
4.79 |
2.91 |
4.48 |
2.83 |
71.3 |
50.9 |
67.5 |
48.2 |
74.2 |
52.9 |
With household members present |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
With nonhousehold members present |
4.62 |
2.86 |
4.79 |
2.91 |
4.48 |
2.83 |
71.3 |
50.9 |
67.5 |
48.2 |
74.2 |
52.9 |
Family |
1.09 |
0.88 |
0.68 |
0.59 |
1.40 |
1.11 |
24.0 |
20.5 |
16.7 |
14.9 |
29.7 |
24.9 |
Coworkers or customers |
2.02 |
1.09 |
2.76 |
1.45 |
1.45 |
0.80 |
25.3 |
13.9 |
32.2 |
17.9 |
20.0 |
10.7 |
Friends, neighbors, and acquaintances |
1.04 |
0.57 |
0.99 |
0.55 |
1.07 |
0.59 |
26.7 |
16.7 |
24.2 |
15.7 |
28.7 |
17.6 |
Other nonhousehold members |
0.73 |
0.42 |
0.56 |
0.37 |
0.85 |
0.45 |
19.3 |
12.6 |
14.9 |
10.5 |
22.7 |
14.3 |
Information not collected |
0.86 |
0.72 |
0.67 |
0.55 |
1.01 |
0.84 |
78.4 |
75.3 |
70.8 |
68.2 |
84.2 |
81.0 |
Persons living with spouse or partner and
no children under 18 |
|
Total waking hours |
15.31 |
15.15 |
15.39 |
15.34 |
15.22 |
14.97 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
Alone |
5.56 |
6.37 |
5.92 |
6.71 |
5.17 |
6.03 |
92.6 |
93.1 |
93.6 |
93.5 |
91.5 |
92.6 |
Others present, not alone |
8.98 |
8.08 |
8.86 |
8.02 |
9.12 |
8.14 |
97.4 |
96.0 |
97.0 |
95.7 |
97.8 |
96.3 |
With household members present |
5.97 |
6.20 |
5.81 |
6.03 |
6.14 |
6.37 |
91.9 |
92.8 |
91.5 |
92.5 |
92.2 |
93.0 |
Family members |
5.33 |
5.57 |
5.17 |
5.42 |
5.51 |
5.72 |
82.1 |
83.2 |
81.4 |
83.6 |
82.9 |
82.9 |
Spouse |
5.16 |
5.35 |
5.06 |
5.32 |
5.27 |
5.38 |
80.5 |
81.5 |
79.3 |
82.7 |
81.7 |
80.4 |
Own children under 18 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Non-family household members |
0.65 |
0.67 |
0.66 |
0.62 |
0.64 |
0.73 |
10.2 |
10.5 |
10.3 |
9.2 |
10.1 |
11.7 |
With nonhousehold members present |
4.01 |
2.45 |
3.96 |
2.53 |
4.07 |
2.37 |
64.9 |
43.2 |
62.4 |
43.0 |
67.5 |
43.4 |
Family |
1.11 |
0.72 |
0.89 |
0.63 |
1.34 |
0.81 |
24.7 |
16.6 |
20.4 |
15.6 |
29.4 |
17.6 |
Coworkers or customers |
2.03 |
1.31 |
2.31 |
1.53 |
1.74 |
1.09 |
26.7 |
16.9 |
29.9 |
19.3 |
23.1 |
14.7 |
Friends, neighbors, and acquaintances |
0.54 |
0.26 |
0.52 |
0.24 |
0.56 |
0.27 |
18.3 |
8.9 |
17.6 |
7.8 |
19.0 |
9.9 |
Other nonhousehold members |
0.60 |
0.23 |
0.43 |
0.18 |
0.78 |
0.27 |
18.1 |
8.1 |
15.0 |
6.9 |
21.5 |
9.4 |
Information not collected |
0.76 |
0.70 |
0.61 |
0.61 |
0.94 |
0.79 |
80.4 |
74.8 |
75.0 |
71.3 |
86.3 |
78.2 |
Adults living with children under 18 |
|
Total waking hours |
15.36 |
15.13 |
15.50 |
15.31 |
15.25 |
14.97 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
Alone |
4.67 |
5.30 |
5.10 |
5.81 |
4.30 |
4.87 |
92.4 |
92.9 |
92.6 |
92.1 |
92.2 |
93.5 |
Others present, not alone |
9.96 |
9.18 |
9.75 |
8.90 |
10.14 |
9.41 |
98.4 |
97.2 |
98.9 |
96.5 |
98.0 |
97.7 |
With household members present |
6.28 |
6.69 |
5.43 |
5.76 |
7.01 |
7.48 |
91.7 |
92.9 |
90.5 |
90.9 |
92.7 |
94.7 |
Family members |
6.15 |
6.56 |
5.27 |
5.68 |
6.89 |
7.31 |
90.3 |
91.8 |
88.9 |
89.4 |
91.5 |
93.8 |
Spouse |
3.07 |
3.32 |
3.42 |
3.64 |
2.78 |
3.05 |
59.4 |
61.2 |
65.2 |
66.0 |
54.5 |
57.1 |
Own children under 18 |
4.36 |
4.63 |
3.39 |
3.58 |
5.18 |
5.52 |
74.2 |
73.5 |
71.8 |
67.9 |
76.2 |
78.3 |
Non-family household members |
0.35 |
0.31 |
0.41 |
0.24 |
0.31 |
0.37 |
7.2 |
6.3 |
8.6 |
6.3 |
6.1 |
6.4 |
With nonhousehold members present |
4.57 |
3.08 |
5.03 |
3.57 |
4.18 |
2.67 |
68.0 |
48.2 |
68.9 |
50.6 |
67.1 |
46.2 |
Family |
0.77 |
0.61 |
0.56 |
0.43 |
0.94 |
0.76 |
20.0 |
16.2 |
15.5 |
12.0 |
23.7 |
19.8 |
Coworkers or customers |
2.86 |
1.94 |
3.63 |
2.67 |
2.20 |
1.32 |
36.3 |
24.3 |
44.3 |
31.5 |
29.6 |
18.0 |
Friends, neighbors, and acquaintances |
0.55 |
0.35 |
0.47 |
0.33 |
0.62 |
0.36 |
17.3 |
10.4 |
14.6 |
9.6 |
19.6 |
11.0 |
Other nonhousehold members |
0.57 |
0.27 |
0.50 |
0.17 |
0.64 |
0.35 |
19.3 |
9.7 |
16.4 |
7.0 |
21.7 |
12.1 |
Information not collected |
0.73 |
0.65 |
0.64 |
0.60 |
0.81 |
0.69 |
82.4 |
75.8 |
81.5 |
74.2 |
83.1 |
77.2 |
|
Note: Data refer to persons 15 years and over, unless otherwise specified, and are representative of the periods May 10th through December 31st. Time spent with multiple people is counted in all relevant categories.
|
United States Department of Labor
