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For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) USDL-13-1524 Tuesday, July 30, 2013 Technical information: (202) 691-6553 * BDMInfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/bdm Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS: FOURTH QUARTER 2012 From September 2012 to December 2012 gross job gains from opening and expanding private sector establishments were 7.1 million, an increase of 238,000 jobs from the previous quarter, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over this period, gross job losses from closing and contracting private sector establishments were 6.4 million, a decrease of 231,000 jobs from the previous quarter. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 668,000 jobs in the private sector during the fourth quarter of 2012. (See table 1.) The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private business units from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing units and the addition of new jobs at opening units. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing units and the loss of jobs at closing units. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note for more information.) The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses at the establishment level by industry subsector and for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. Gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 5.8 million in fourth quarter 2012, an increase of 207,000 jobs from the previous quarter. Opening establishments accounted for 1.3 million jobs gained in fourth quarter 2012, an increase of 31,000 jobs from the previous quarter. Contracting establishments lost 5.2 million jobs in fourth quarter 2012. This is a decrease of 206,000 jobs from the prior quarter. In the fourth quarter of 2012, closing establishments lost 1.2 million jobs, a decrease of 25,000 jobs from the previous quarter. (See tables 1 and 3.) Gross job gains represented 6.4 percent of private sector employment in fourth quarter 2012, while gross job losses represented 5.8 percent of private sector employment. (See table 2.) In the fourth quarter of 2012, the number of establishment births (a subset of the openings data, see the Technical Note for more information) decreased by 1,000 to 192,000. These new establishments accounted for 766,000 jobs, a decrease of 23,000 from the previous quarter. (See table 8.) Data for establishment deaths (a subset of the closings data) are available through first quarter 2012, when 605,000 jobs were lost at 181,000 establishments. These figures represent decreases from the prior quarter when 750,000 jobs were lost at 191,000 establishments. During the fourth quarter of 2012, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in only two industry sectors: natural resources and mining, and manufacturing. The manufacturing sector experienced its first negative net change since March 2010, losing 11,000 jobs. The information sector had gross job gains of 141,000 and gross job losses of 120,000, which resulted in a positive net change of 21,000 jobs. This is the largest increase in the information sector since third quarter 2000 and only the second increase in the last five years. (See table 3.) Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in all three major firm size classes during fourth quarter 2012. Firms with 250 or more employees experienced the largest net increase of 379,000 jobs. (See tables 4 and 5.) Table A. Three-month private sector gross job gains and losses, seasonally adjusted Category 3 months ended Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 Levels (in thousands) Gross job gains................ 6,909 6,935 7,004 6,813 7,051 At expanding establishments... 5,557 5,706 5,744 5,545 5,752 At opening establishments..... 1,352 1,229 1,260 1,268 1,299 Gross job losses............... 6,520 6,121 6,422 6,614 6,383 At contracting establishments. 5,238 4,935 5,213 5,386 5,180 At closing establishments..... 1,282 1,186 1,209 1,228 1,203 Net employment change(1)....... 389 814 582 199 668 Rates (percent) Gross job gains................ 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.4 At expanding establishments... 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.2 At opening establishments..... 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 Gross job losses............... 6.0 5.6 5.8 6.0 5.8 At contracting establishments. 4.8 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.7 At closing establishments..... 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Net employment change(1)....... .3 .7 .5 .2 .6 (1) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. In the fourth quarter of 2012, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 47 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. California had the largest net employment gain of 134,544 jobs. Two states, Alaska and Wyoming, tied for the highest rate of gross job gains as a percent of employment at 9.5 percent, above the U.S. national rate of 6.4 percent. Hawaii had the lowest rate of gross job losses as a percent of employment at 4.4 percent, below the national rate of 5.8 percent. (See tables 6 and 7.) More Information Additional information on gross job gains and gross job losses are available online at www.bls.gov/bdm. This information includes data on the levels and rates of gross job gains and gross job losses by firm size, not seasonally adjusted data and other seasonally adjusted time series not presented in this release, charts of gross job gains and gross job losses by industry and firm size, and frequently asked questions on firm size data. Additional information about the Business Employment Dynamics data can be found in the Technical Note of this release or may be obtained by e-mailing BDMinfo@bls.gov. The Business Employment Dynamics for First Quarter 2013 are scheduled to be released on Tuesday, November 19, 2013 at 10:00 a.m. (EST). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Changes to Business Employment Dynamics (BED) Data | |Data in the next release, published on Tuesday, November 19, 2013, will | |incorporate annual revisions to the BED series. Annual revisions are | |published each year with the release of first quarter data. These | |revisions will cover the last four quarters of not seasonally adjusted | |data and five years of seasonally adjusted data. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Technical Note The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal- state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame. These reports are used to produce the quarterly QCEW data on total employment and wages and the longitudinal BED data on gross job gains and losses. The QCEW is also the employment benchmark for the Current Employment Statistics (CES), Occupational Employment Statistics (OES), and Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) programs and is a major input to the Bureau of Economic Analysis’s Personal Income Accounts. In the BED program, the quarterly QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units. Differences between QCEW, BED, and CES employment measures The Bureau publishes three different establishment-based employment mea- sures for any given quarter. Each of these measures -- QCEW, BED, and CES-- makes use of the quarterly UI employment reports in producing data; how- ever, each measure has a somewhat different universe coverage, estimation procedure, and publication product. Differences in coverage and estimation methods can result in somewhat different measures of over-the-quarter employment change. It is important to understand program differences and the intended uses of the program products. (See table below.) Additional information on each program can be obtained from the program web sites shown in the table below. Summary of Major Differences between QCEW, BED, and CES Employment Measures --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | QCEW | BED | CES -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Source |--Count of UI admini-|--Count of longitudi- |--Sample survey: | strative records | nally-linked UI ad- | 486,000 establish- | submitted by 9.2 | ministrative records| ments | million employers | submitted by 6.8 | | | million private sec-| | | tor employers | -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Coverage |--UI and UCFE cover- |--UI Coverage, exclud-|Nonfarm wage and sal- | age: all employers| ing government, pri-| ary jobs: | subject to state | vate households, and|--UI Coverage, exclud- | and federal UI Laws| establishments with | ing: agriculture, pri- | | zero employment | vate households, and | | | self-employed; | | | including: railroads, | | | religious organiza- | | | tions, and other non- | | | UI-covered jobs | | | -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Publication|--Quarterly |--Quarterly |--Monthly frequency | -7 months after the| -8 months after the | -First Friday | end of each quar- | end of each quarter| of following month | ter | | -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Use of UI |--Directly summarizes|--Links each new UI |--Uses UI file as a sam- file | and publishes each | quarter to longitu- | pling frame and annu- | new quarter of UI | dinal database and | ally realigns (bench- | data | directly summarizes | marks) sample esti- | | gross job gains and | mates to first quar- | | losses | ter UI levels -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Principal |--Provides a quarter-|--Provides quarterly |--Provides current month- products | ly and annual uni- | employer dynamics | ly estimates of employ- | verse count of es- | data on establish- | ment, hours, and earn- | tablishments, em- | ment openings, clos-| ings at the MSA, state, | ployment, and wages| ings, expansions, | and national level by | at the county, MSA,| and contractions at | industry | State, and national| the national level | | levels by detailed | by NAICS super- | | industry | sectors,3-digit | | | NAICS, and by size | | | of firm, and at the | | | state private-sector| | | total level | | |--Future expansions | | | will include | | | data at the county | | | and MSA level | -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Principal |--Major uses include:|--Major uses include: |--Major uses include: uses | -Detailed locality | -Business cycle | -Principal national | data | analysis | economic indicator | -Periodic universe | -Analysis of employ-| -Official time series | counts for bench- | er dynamics under- | for employment change | marking sample | lying economic ex- | measures | survey estimates | pansions and con- | -Input into other ma- | -Sample frame for | tractions | jor economic indi- | BLS establishment | -Analysis of employ-| cators | surveys | ment expansion and | | | contraction by size| | | of firm | | | | -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Program |--www.bls.gov/cew/ |--www.bls.gov/bdm/ |--www.bls.gov/ces/ Web sites | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Coverage Employment and wage data for workers covered by state UI and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) laws are compiled from quarterly contribution reports submitted to the SESAs by employers. In addition to the quarterly contribution reports, employers who operate multiple establishments within a state complete a questionnaire, called the "Multiple Worksite Report," which provides detailed information on the location of their establishments. These reports are based on place of employment rather than place of residence. UI and UCFE coverage is broad and basically comparable from state to state. Major exclusions from UI coverage are self-employed workers, religious or- ganizations, most agricultural workers on small farms, all members of the Armed Forces, elected officials in most states, most employees of railroads, some domestic workers, most student workers at schools, and employees of cer- tain small nonprofit organizations. Gross job gains and gross job losses in this release are derived from lon- gitudinal histories of 6.8 million private sector employer reports out of 9.2 million total reports of employment and wages submitted by states to BLS in the first quarter of 2012. Gross job gains and gross job losses data in this release do not report estimates for government employees or private households (NAICS 814110), and do not include establishments with zero employ- ment in both previous and current quarters. Data from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (49,972 units rounded to 0.0 million) also are excluded from the national data. As an illustration, the table below shows, in millions of establishments, the number of establishments excluded from the national gross job gains and gross job losses data in the first quarter 2012: Number of active establishments included in Business Employment Dynamics data at the national level Millions Total establishments QCEW program....................................9.2 Excluded: Public sector.........................................0.3 Private households....................................0.8 Zero employment.......................................1.3 Establishments in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands..............................0.0 Total establishments included in Business Employment Dynamics data.............................................6.8 Unit of analysis Establishments are used in the tabulation of the BED statistics by in- dustry and firms are used in the tabulation of the BED size class sta- tistics. An establishment is defined as an economic unit that produces goods or services, usually at a single physical location, and engages in one or predominantly one activity. A firm is a legal business, either corporate or otherwise, and may consist of several establishments. Firm- level data are compiled based on an aggregation of establishments under common ownership by a corporate parent using employer tax identification numbers. The firm level aggregation which is consistent with the role of corporations as the economic decision makers are used for the measurement of the BED data elements by size class. Because of the difference in the unit of analysis, total gross job gains and gross job losses by size class are lower than total gross job gains and gross job losses by industry, as some establishment gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process. However, the total net changes in employment are the same for not seasonally adjusted data and are similar for seasonally adjusted data. Concepts and methodology The Business Employment Dynamics data measure the net change in employ- ment at the establishment or firm level. These changes come about in one of four ways. A net increase in employment can come from either opening units or expanding units. A net decrease in employment can come from either closing units or contracting units. Gross job gains include the sum of all jobs added at either opening or expanding units. Gross job losses include the sum of all jobs lost in either closing or contracting units. The net change in employment is the difference between gross job gains and gross job losses. The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows: Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero em- ployment in the previous quarter. Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period. Closings. These are either units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter. Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period. Births. These are units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter with no links to the prior quarter, or units with positive third month employment in the current quarter and zero employment in the third month of the previous four quarters. Births are a subset of openings not including re-openings of seasonal businesses. Deaths. These are units with no employment or zero employment reported in the third month of four consecutive quarters following the last quarter with positive employment. Deaths are a subset of closings not including temporary shutdowns of seasonal businesses. A unit that closes during the quarter may be a death, but we wait three quarters to determine whether it is a permanent closing or a temporary shutdown. Therefore, there is always a lag of three quarters for the publication of death statistics. All employment changes are measured from the third month of the previous quarter to the third month of the current quarter. Not all establishments and firms change their employment levels. Units with no change in employment count towards estimates of total employment, but not for levels of gross job gains and gross job losses. Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quar- ters. This provides a symmetric growth rate. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate. Establishment Births and Deaths For the purpose of BED statistics, births are defined as establishments that appear in the longitudinal database for the first time with positive employment in the third month of a quarter, or showed four consecutive quarters of zero employment in the third month followed by a quarter in which it shows positive employment in the third month. Similarly, deaths are defined as establishments that either drop out of the longitudinal database or an establishment that had positive employment in the third month of a given quarter followed by four consecutive quarters of showing zero employment in the third month. Although the data for establishment births and deaths are tabulated independently from the data for openings and closings, the concepts are not mutually exclusive. An establishment that is defined as a birth in a given quarter is necessarily an opening as well, and an establishment defined as a death in a quarter must also be a closing. Since openings include seasonal and other re-openings and closings include temporary shutdowns, the not seasonally adjusted values for births and deaths must be less than those for openings and closings. However, because some BED series do not have many re-openings or temporary shutdowns, as well as the fact that births and deaths are independently seasonally adjusted from openings and closings, there may be instances in which the seasonally adjusted value of the former is greater than the latter. Linkage methodology Prior to the measurement of gross job gains and gross job losses, QCEW records are linked across two quarters. The linkage process matches estab- lishments' unique SESA identification numbers (SESA-ID). Between 95 to 97 percent of establishments identified as continuous from quarter to quarter are matched by SESA-ID. The rest are linked in one of three ways. The first method uses predecessor and successor information, identified by the States, which relates records with different SESA-IDs across quarters. Predecessor and successor relations can come about for a variety of reasons, including a change in ownership, a firm restructuring, or a UI account restructuring. If a match cannot be attained in this manner, a probability-based match is used. This match attempts to identify two establishments with different SESA- IDs as continuous. The match is based upon comparisons such as the same name, address, and phone number. Third, an analyst examines unmatched re- cords individually and makes a possible match. In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, SESAs verify with employers and update, if necessary, the industry, location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a 4-year cycle. Changes in establish- ment classification codes resulting from the verification process are intro- duced with the data reported for the first quarter of the year. Changes re- sulting from improved employer reporting also are introduced in the first quarter. Sizing methodology The method of dynamic sizing is used in calculations for the BED size class data series. Dynamic sizing allocates each firm’s employment gain or loss during a quarter to each respective size class in which the change occurred. For example, if a firm grew from 2 employees in quarter 1 to 38 employees in quarter 2, then, of the 36-employee increase, 2 would be al- located to the first size class, 5 to the size class 5 to 9, 10 to size class 10 to 19, and 19 to size class 20 to 49. Dynamic sizing provides symmetrical firm size estimates and eliminates any systematic effects which may be caused by the transitory and reverting changes in firms’ sizes over time. Additionally, it allocates each job gain or loss to the actual size class where it occurred. Annual Data The annual gross job gains and gross job losses measure the net change in employment at the establishment level from the third month of a quarter in the previous year to the third month of the same quarter in the current year. The BLS publishes annual BED data based on March-to-March changes once a year with the release of the first quarter BED data. The annual data based on over-the-year changes for other quarters of the year are available upon request. The definitions and methodology in measuring annual gross job gains and gross job losses are similar to the quarterly measures. The linkage method considers all predecessor and successor relations that may come about due to changes in ownership and corporate restructuring over the entire year. At the establishment level, some of the quarterly job gains and job losses are offset during the estimation over the year. Therefore, the sum of four quarters of gross job gains and gross job losses are not equal to annual gross job gains and gross job losses. The net change in employment over the year, however, is equal to the sum of four quarterly net changes on a not seasonally adjusted basis. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the levels of employment and the associated job flows undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in the weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal vari- ation can be very large. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence can be eliminated by adjusting these statistics from quarter to quarter. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity, easier to recognize. For example, the large number of youths taking summer jobs is likely to obscure other changes that have taken place in June relative to March, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. The adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to ana- lyze changes in economic activity. The employment data series for opening, expanding, closing, and contrac- ting units are independently seasonally adjusted; net changes are calculated based on the difference between gross job gains and gross job losses. Simi- larly, for industry data, the establishment counts data series for opening, expanding, closing, and contracting establishments are independently adjusted, and the net changes are calculated based on the difference between the number of opening and closing establishments. Additionally establishment and em- ployment levels are independently seasonally adjusted to calculate the sea- sonally adjusted rates. Concurrent seasonal adjustment is run using X-12 ARIMA. Seasonally adjusted data series for total private are the sum of seasonally adjusted data of all sectors including the unclassified sector, which is not separately published. The net over-the-quarter change derived by summing the BED component series will differ from the net employment change estimated from the seasonally ad- justed total private employment series from the CES program. The intended use of BED statistics is to show the dynamic labor market changes that underlie the net employment change statistic. As such, data users interested particu- larly in the net employment change and not in the gross job flows underlying this change should refer to CES data for over-the-quarter net employment changes. Reliability of the data Since the data series on Business Employment Dynamics are based on admini- strative rather than sample data, there are no issues related to sampling error. Nonsampling error, however, still exists. Nonsampling errors can oc- cur for many reasons, such as the employer submitting corrected employment data after the end of the quarter or typographical errors made by businesses when providing information. Such errors, however, are likely to be distri- buted randomly throughout the dataset. Changes in administrative data sometimes create complications for the linkage process. This can result in overstating openings and closings while understating expansions and contractions. The BLS continues to refine methods for improving the linkage process to alleviate the effects of these compli- cations. The BED data series are subject to periodic minor changes based on correc- tions in QCEW records, updates on predecessors and successors information, and seasonal adjustment revisions. Annual revisions are published each year with the release of the first qua- rter data. These revisions cover the last four quarters of not seasonally adj- usted data and 5 years of seasonally adjusted data. Additional statistics and other information Several other programs within BLS produce closely related information. The QCEW program provides both quarterly and annual estimates of employment by state, county, and detailed industry. News releases on quarterly county e mployment and wages and an annual bulletin: Employment and Wages Annual Averages, are available upon request from the Division of Administrative Statistics and Labor Turnover, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20212; telephone 202-691-6567; (http://www.bls.gov/cew/); (e-mail: QCEWInfo@bls.gov). The CES program produces monthly estimates of employment, its net change, and earnings by detailed industry. These estimates are part of the Employ- ment Situation report put out monthly by BLS. The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) program provides month- ly measures of job openings, as well as employee hires and separations. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired in- dividuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and job losses, seasonally adjusted Total private (In thousands) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(1) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 2002 March -10 8,071 6,298 1,773 8,081 6,434 1,647 June -30 7,868 6,145 1,723 7,898 6,274 1,624 September -151 7,630 6,039 1,591 7,781 6,248 1,533 December -241 7,483 5,938 1,545 7,724 6,185 1,539 2003 March -393 7,467 5,928 1,539 7,860 6,307 1,553 June -90 7,398 5,929 1,469 7,488 6,030 1,458 September 204 7,392 5,923 1,469 7,188 5,828 1,360 December 297 7,521 6,005 1,516 7,224 5,800 1,424 2004 March 470 7,715 6,204 1,511 7,245 5,795 1,450 June 644 7,754 6,235 1,519 7,110 5,639 1,471 September 206 7,633 6,060 1,573 7,427 5,888 1,539 December 757 7,844 6,243 1,601 7,087 5,663 1,424 2005 March 384 7,620 6,131 1,489 7,236 5,801 1,435 June 593 7,774 6,231 1,543 7,181 5,776 1,405 September 677 7,965 6,387 1,578 7,288 5,844 1,444 December 494 7,807 6,252 1,555 7,313 5,948 1,365 2006 March 874 7,797 6,354 1,443 6,923 5,636 1,287 June 371 7,758 6,246 1,512 7,387 6,015 1,372 September 52 7,499 6,061 1,438 7,447 6,097 1,350 December 455 7,740 6,223 1,517 7,285 5,941 1,344 2007 March 549 7,727 6,297 1,430 7,178 5,881 1,297 June 149 7,632 6,222 1,410 7,483 6,079 1,404 September -252 7,318 5,847 1,471 7,570 6,215 1,355 December 299 7,658 6,196 1,462 7,359 6,012 1,347 2008 March -227 7,233 5,826 1,407 7,460 6,095 1,365 June -575 7,257 5,851 1,406 7,832 6,354 1,478 September -968 6,879 5,515 1,364 7,847 6,462 1,385 December -1,793 6,712 5,360 1,352 8,505 7,022 1,483 2009 March -2,706 5,834 4,648 1,186 8,540 7,122 1,418 June -1,656 6,395 5,093 1,302 8,051 6,669 1,382 September -899 6,335 5,119 1,216 7,234 5,874 1,360 December -217 6,651 5,325 1,326 6,868 5,583 1,285 2010 March -266 6,245 5,078 1,167 6,511 5,308 1,203 June 722 6,972 5,690 1,282 6,250 5,087 1,163 September 187 6,669 5,416 1,253 6,482 5,253 1,229 December 609 7,027 5,651 1,376 6,418 5,193 1,225 2011 March 292 6,437 5,272 1,165 6,145 5,010 1,135 June 603 6,942 5,646 1,296 6,339 5,111 1,228 September 794 7,136 5,776 1,360 6,342 5,194 1,148 December 389 6,909 5,557 1,352 6,520 5,238 1,282 2012 March 814 6,935 5,706 1,229 6,121 4,935 1,186 June 582 7,004 5,744 1,260 6,422 5,213 1,209 September 199 6,813 5,545 1,268 6,614 5,386 1,228 December 668 7,051 5,752 1,299 6,383 5,180 1,203 (1) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.
Table 2. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), seasonally adjusted Total private (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 2002 March .0 7.5 5.9 1.6 7.5 6.0 1.5 June .0 7.3 5.7 1.6 7.3 5.8 1.5 September -.1 7.1 5.6 1.5 7.2 5.8 1.4 December -.3 6.9 5.5 1.4 7.2 5.8 1.4 2003 March -.5 6.9 5.5 1.4 7.4 5.9 1.5 June .0 7.0 5.6 1.4 7.0 5.6 1.4 September .1 6.9 5.5 1.4 6.8 5.5 1.3 December .3 7.0 5.6 1.4 6.7 5.4 1.3 2004 March .5 7.2 5.8 1.4 6.7 5.4 1.3 June .6 7.2 5.8 1.4 6.6 5.2 1.4 September .3 7.1 5.6 1.5 6.8 5.4 1.4 December .7 7.2 5.7 1.5 6.5 5.2 1.3 2005 March .4 7.0 5.6 1.4 6.6 5.3 1.3 June .6 7.1 5.7 1.4 6.5 5.2 1.3 September .6 7.2 5.8 1.4 6.6 5.3 1.3 December .4 7.0 5.6 1.4 6.6 5.4 1.2 2006 March .9 7.0 5.7 1.3 6.1 5.0 1.1 June .3 6.8 5.5 1.3 6.5 5.3 1.2 September .1 6.7 5.4 1.3 6.6 5.4 1.2 December .3 6.8 5.5 1.3 6.5 5.3 1.2 2007 March .5 6.8 5.5 1.3 6.3 5.2 1.1 June .2 6.7 5.5 1.2 6.5 5.3 1.2 September -.3 6.4 5.1 1.3 6.7 5.5 1.2 December .2 6.7 5.4 1.3 6.5 5.3 1.2 2008 March -.2 6.3 5.1 1.2 6.5 5.3 1.2 June -.6 6.3 5.1 1.2 6.9 5.6 1.3 September -.8 6.1 4.9 1.2 6.9 5.7 1.2 December -1.6 6.0 4.8 1.2 7.6 6.3 1.3 2009 March -2.4 5.4 4.3 1.1 7.8 6.5 1.3 June -1.5 6.0 4.8 1.2 7.5 6.2 1.3 September -.9 5.9 4.8 1.1 6.8 5.5 1.3 December -.1 6.4 5.1 1.3 6.5 5.3 1.2 2010 March -.2 5.9 4.8 1.1 6.1 5.0 1.1 June .7 6.6 5.4 1.2 5.9 4.8 1.1 September .1 6.3 5.1 1.2 6.2 5.0 1.2 December .5 6.6 5.3 1.3 6.1 4.9 1.2 2011 March .2 6.0 4.9 1.1 5.8 4.7 1.1 June .6 6.5 5.3 1.2 5.9 4.8 1.1 September .8 6.7 5.4 1.3 5.9 4.8 1.1 December .3 6.3 5.1 1.2 6.0 4.8 1.2 2012 March .7 6.3 5.2 1.1 5.6 4.5 1.1 June .5 6.3 5.2 1.1 5.8 4.7 1.1 September .2 6.2 5.0 1.2 6.0 4.9 1.1 December .6 6.4 5.2 1.2 5.8 4.7 1.1 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and gross job losses as a percentage of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.
Table 3. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, seasonally adjusted Gross job gains and job losses Gross job gains and job losses (in thousands) as a percent of employment Category 3 months ended 3 months ended Dec. Mar. June Sept Dec. Dec. Mar. June Sept Dec. 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 Total private(1) Gross job gains 6,909 6,935 7,004 6,813 7,051 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.4 At expanding establishments 5,557 5,706 5,744 5,545 5,752 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.2 At opening establishments 1,352 1,229 1,260 1,268 1,299 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 Gross job losses 6,520 6,121 6,422 6,614 6,383 6.0 5.6 5.8 6.0 5.8 At contracting establishments 5,238 4,935 5,213 5,386 5,180 4.8 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.7 At closing establishments 1,282 1,186 1,209 1,228 1,203 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Net employment change 389 814 582 199 668 .3 .7 .5 .2 .6 Goods-producing Gross job gains 1,363 1,386 1,388 1,326 1,344 7.0 7.1 7.1 6.8 6.8 At expanding establishments 1,144 1,184 1,186 1,127 1,142 5.9 6.1 6.1 5.8 5.8 At opening establishments 219 202 202 199 202 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Gross job losses 1,356 1,241 1,304 1,299 1,312 7.0 6.4 6.7 6.6 6.7 At contracting establishments 1,121 1,027 1,078 1,080 1,095 5.8 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.6 At closing establishments 235 214 226 219 217 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 Net employment change 7 145 84 27 32 .0 .7 .4 .2 .1 Natural resources and mining Gross job gains 298 288 298 274 272 15.4 14.5 15.0 13.8 13.6 At expanding establishments 253 250 259 236 234 13.1 12.6 13.0 11.9 11.7 At opening establishments 45 38 39 38 38 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 Gross job losses 270 258 296 275 287 13.9 13.0 14.9 13.8 14.5 At contracting establishments 235 221 250 237 250 12.1 11.1 12.6 11.9 12.6 At closing establishments 35 37 46 38 37 1.8 1.9 2.3 1.9 1.9 Net employment change 28 30 2 -1 -15 1.5 1.5 .1 .0 -.9 Construction Gross job gains 632 662 631 638 659 11.4 11.9 11.3 11.4 11.7 At expanding establishments 498 538 508 513 532 9.0 9.7 9.1 9.2 9.4 At opening establishments 134 124 123 125 127 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 Gross job losses 659 616 634 610 601 11.9 11.1 11.4 10.9 10.6 At contracting establishments 513 487 507 480 471 9.3 8.8 9.1 8.6 8.3 At closing establishments 146 129 127 130 130 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 Net employment change -27 46 -3 28 58 -.5 .8 -.1 .5 1.1 Manufacturing Gross job gains 433 436 459 414 413 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.4 At expanding establishments 393 396 419 378 376 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.1 At opening establishments 40 40 40 36 37 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Gross job losses 427 367 374 414 424 3.7 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.5 At contracting establishments 373 319 321 363 374 3.2 2.7 2.7 3.0 3.1 At closing establishments 54 48 53 51 50 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 Net employment change 6 69 85 0 -11 -.1 .5 .7 .1 -.1 Service-providing(1) Gross job gains 5,546 5,549 5,616 5,487 5,707 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.3 At expanding establishments 4,413 4,522 4,558 4,418 4,610 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.1 At opening establishments 1,133 1,027 1,058 1,069 1,097 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 Gross job losses 5,164 4,880 5,118 5,315 5,071 5.8 5.4 5.7 5.8 5.6 At contracting establishments 4,117 3,908 4,135 4,306 4,085 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.7 4.5 At closing establishments 1,047 972 983 1,009 986 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Net employment change 382 669 498 172 636 .4 .7 .5 .3 .7 Wholesale trade Gross job gains 276 282 288 266 277 4.9 5.1 5.0 4.6 4.9 At expanding establishments 223 234 240 218 226 4.0 4.2 4.2 3.8 4.0 At opening establishments 53 48 48 48 51 .9 .9 .8 .8 .9 Gross job losses 250 244 254 263 256 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.5 At contracting establishments 191 186 192 207 199 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.5 At closing establishments 59 58 62 56 57 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 Net employment change 26 38 34 3 21 .4 .8 .5 -.1 .4 Retail trade Gross job gains 898 883 891 836 917 6.1 5.9 6.0 5.6 6.2 At expanding establishments 776 761 760 701 789 5.3 5.1 5.1 4.7 5.3 At opening establishments 122 122 131 135 128 .8 .8 .9 .9 .9 Gross job losses 821 845 813 871 823 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.8 5.5 At contracting establishments 695 738 710 760 703 4.7 5.0 4.8 5.1 4.7 At closing establishments 126 107 103 111 120 .9 .7 .7 .7 .8 Net employment change 77 38 78 -35 94 .5 .2 .5 -.2 .7 Transportation and warehousing Gross job gains 244 213 218 221 263 5.9 5.2 5.3 5.2 6.3 At expanding establishments 210 181 186 190 231 5.1 4.4 4.5 4.5 5.5 At opening establishments 34 32 32 31 32 .8 .8 .8 .7 .8 Gross job losses 203 219 202 204 211 4.9 5.2 4.8 4.8 5.0 At contracting establishments 166 185 167 169 173 4.0 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.1 At closing establishments 37 34 35 35 38 .9 .8 .8 .8 .9 Net employment change 41 -6 16 17 52 1.0 .0 .5 .4 1.3 Utilities Gross job gains 12 11 11 12 14 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.6 At expanding establishments 10 10 10 10 12 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.2 At opening establishments 2 1 1 2 2 .4 .2 .2 .4 .4 Gross job losses 12 10 12 14 13 2.2 1.8 2.2 2.6 2.4 At contracting establishments 11 8 10 12 11 2.0 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.0 At closing establishments 1 2 2 2 2 .2 .4 .4 .4 .4 Net employment change 0 1 -1 -2 1 .0 .2 -.2 -.4 .2 Information Gross job gains 124 114 123 132 141 4.6 4.2 4.6 4.9 5.3 At expanding establishments 99 95 106 112 117 3.7 3.5 4.0 4.2 4.4 At opening establishments 25 19 17 20 24 .9 .7 .6 .7 .9 Gross job losses 136 115 124 141 120 5.1 4.3 4.7 5.2 4.5 At contracting establishments 102 93 101 116 95 3.8 3.5 3.8 4.3 3.6 At closing establishments 34 22 23 25 25 1.3 .8 .9 .9 .9 Net employment change -12 -1 -1 -9 21 -.5 -.1 -.1 -.3 .8 Financial activities Gross job gains 361 349 362 355 375 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.0 At expanding establishments 281 282 295 286 293 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.9 At opening establishments 80 67 67 69 82 1.1 .9 .9 .9 1.1 Gross job losses 353 330 334 339 326 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.3 At contracting establishments 268 243 253 261 251 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.3 At closing establishments 85 87 81 78 75 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 Net employment change 8 19 28 16 49 .2 .2 .3 .2 .7 Professional and business services Gross job gains 1,354 1,301 1,349 1,322 1,381 7.8 7.3 7.5 7.3 7.6 At expanding establishments 1,081 1,068 1,110 1,082 1,121 6.2 6.0 6.2 6.0 6.2 At opening establishments 273 233 239 240 260 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 Gross job losses 1,255 1,174 1,221 1,262 1,229 7.2 6.7 6.8 7.0 6.8 At contracting establishments 983 911 947 990 977 5.6 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.4 At closing establishments 272 263 274 272 252 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 Net employment change 99 127 128 60 152 .6 .6 .7 .3 .8 Education and health services Gross job gains 811 812 791 834 828 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.3 At expanding establishments 676 697 677 706 700 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 At opening establishments 135 115 114 128 128 .7 .6 .6 .7 .7 Gross job losses 740 697 773 743 712 3.8 3.6 4.0 3.8 3.7 At contracting establishments 604 568 642 610 584 3.1 2.9 3.3 3.1 3.0 At closing establishments 136 129 131 133 128 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 Net employment change 71 115 18 91 116 .4 .6 .1 .5 .6 Leisure and hospitality Gross job gains 1,115 1,214 1,197 1,140 1,162 8.3 9.0 8.7 8.3 8.4 At expanding establishments 842 960 932 884 902 6.3 7.1 6.8 6.4 6.5 At opening establishments 273 254 265 256 260 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 Gross job losses 1,106 964 1,097 1,168 1,087 8.2 7.1 8.0 8.4 7.8 At contracting establishments 886 775 902 956 879 6.6 5.7 6.6 6.9 6.3 At closing establishments 220 189 195 212 208 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 Net employment change 9 250 100 -28 75 .1 1.9 .7 -.1 .6 Other services Gross job gains 263 275 287 271 266 6.9 7.2 7.5 7.1 6.9 At expanding establishments 205 221 231 217 209 5.4 5.8 6.0 5.7 5.4 At opening establishments 58 54 56 54 57 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 Gross job losses 262 250 257 279 266 6.9 6.6 6.7 7.3 7.0 At contracting establishments 205 194 202 217 206 5.4 5.1 5.3 5.7 5.4 At closing establishments 57 56 55 62 60 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 Net employment change 1 25 30 -8 0 .0 .6 .8 -.2 -.1 (1) Includes unclassified sector, not shown separately
Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses by firm size, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Total private by firm(1) Firm size 1 - 49 employees Firm size 50 - 249 employees Firm size 250 or more employees Year 3 months Net Gross job Net Gross job Net Gross job Net Gross job ended change(2,3) gains losses change gains losses change gains losses change gains losses 2002 March 70 6,602 6,532 54 3,402 3,348 -52 1,194 1,246 68 2,006 1,938 June -61 6,416 6,477 69 3,379 3,310 -7 1,191 1,198 -123 1,846 1,969 September -176 6,190 6,366 20 3,335 3,315 -46 1,144 1,190 -150 1,711 1,861 December -247 6,114 6,361 -3 3,299 3,302 -73 1,106 1,179 -171 1,709 1,880 2003 March -326 6,112 6,438 -135 3,257 3,392 -56 1,127 1,183 -135 1,728 1,863 June -137 6,108 6,245 112 3,346 3,234 -26 1,133 1,159 -223 1,629 1,852 September 193 6,162 5,969 120 3,327 3,207 21 1,127 1,106 52 1,708 1,656 December 310 6,218 5,908 146 3,340 3,194 32 1,128 1,096 132 1,750 1,618 2004 March 430 6,306 5,876 153 3,392 3,239 137 1,194 1,057 140 1,720 1,580 June 621 6,471 5,850 169 3,387 3,218 141 1,196 1,055 311 1,888 1,577 September 197 6,243 6,046 88 3,379 3,291 88 1,175 1,087 21 1,689 1,668 December 759 6,494 5,735 274 3,480 3,206 101 1,172 1,071 384 1,842 1,458 2005 March 368 6,320 5,952 66 3,416 3,350 97 1,161 1,064 205 1,743 1,538 June 570 6,435 5,865 243 3,476 3,233 146 1,198 1,052 181 1,761 1,580 September 701 6,672 5,971 218 3,510 3,292 85 1,195 1,110 398 1,967 1,569 December 506 6,406 5,900 169 3,462 3,293 45 1,140 1,095 292 1,804 1,512 2006 March 788 6,433 5,645 334 3,547 3,213 222 1,213 991 232 1,673 1,441 June 375 6,349 5,974 117 3,434 3,317 110 1,190 1,080 148 1,725 1,577 September 43 6,103 6,060 -14 3,329 3,343 27 1,127 1,100 30 1,647 1,617 December 447 6,375 5,928 117 3,393 3,276 74 1,147 1,073 256 1,835 1,579 2007 March 466 6,300 5,834 189 3,451 3,262 99 1,153 1,054 178 1,696 1,518 June 174 6,256 6,082 -31 3,337 3,368 108 1,180 1,072 97 1,739 1,642 September -269 5,891 6,160 -132 3,252 3,384 -53 1,073 1,126 -84 1,566 1,650 December 298 6,254 5,956 8 3,315 3,307 63 1,140 1,077 227 1,799 1,572 2008 March -277 5,807 6,084 -138 3,238 3,376 -11 1,073 1,084 -128 1,496 1,624 June -547 5,861 6,408 -287 3,179 3,466 -37 1,098 1,135 -223 1,584 1,807 September -1,035 5,483 6,518 -359 3,039 3,398 -160 1,013 1,173 -516 1,431 1,947 December -1,850 5,341 7,191 -693 2,907 3,600 -370 946 1,316 -787 1,488 2,275 2009 March -2,643 4,582 7,225 -967 2,724 3,691 -611 806 1,417 -1,065 1,052 2,117 June -1,766 5,174 6,940 -475 2,949 3,424 -275 956 1,231 -1,016 1,269 2,285 September -979 5,119 6,098 -388 2,814 3,202 -127 927 1,054 -464 1,378 1,842 December -277 5,408 5,685 -161 2,937 3,098 -42 963 1,005 -74 1,508 1,582 2010 March -231 5,094 5,325 -185 2,863 3,048 -1 909 910 -45 1,322 1,367 June 689 5,818 5,129 233 3,094 2,861 211 1,079 868 245 1,645 1,400 September 157 5,478 5,321 11 2,933 2,922 71 992 921 75 1,553 1,478 December 534 5,789 5,255 86 3,045 2,959 99 1,035 936 349 1,709 1,360 2011 March 329 5,339 5,010 108 2,979 2,871 122 964 842 99 1,396 1,297 June 550 5,765 5,215 195 3,078 2,883 178 1,072 894 177 1,615 1,438 September 793 5,928 5,135 247 3,116 2,869 152 1,058 906 394 1,754 1,360 December 332 5,615 5,283 39 2,967 2,928 46 985 939 247 1,663 1,416 2012 March 830 5,748 4,918 362 3,119 2,757 216 1,046 830 252 1,583 1,331 June 572 5,797 5,225 158 3,004 2,846 161 1,080 919 253 1,713 1,460 September 168 5,516 5,348 -3 2,893 2,896 38 999 961 133 1,624 1,491 December 593 5,714 5,121 130 2,967 2,837 84 1,004 920 379 1,743 1,364 (1) Total gross job gains and gross job losses by firm are lower than total gross job gains and gross job losses by establishment, as some establishment gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. (3) Net change totals for firm-level data shown differ from the establishment-level data due to independent seasonal adjustment of the series. NOTE: See http://www.bls.gov/bdm/bdmfirmsize.htm for additional firm size class data.
Table 5. Components of private sector gross job gains and losses by firm size, seasonally adjusted Gross job gains and job losses Gross job gains and job losses (in thousands) as a percent of employment Category 3 months ended 3 months ended Dec. Mar. June Sept Dec. Dec. Mar. June Sept Dec. 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 Total private by firm(1) Gross job gains 5,615 5,748 5,797 5,516 5,714 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.0 5.2 At expanding firms 4,689 4,848 4,929 4,662 4,826 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.4 At opening firms 926 900 868 854 888 .9 .8 .8 .8 .8 Gross job losses 5,283 4,918 5,225 5,348 5,121 4.9 4.5 4.8 4.9 4.7 At contracting firms 4,399 4,081 4,380 4,501 4,276 4.1 3.7 4.0 4.1 3.9 At closing firms 884 837 845 847 845 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 Net employment change 332 830 572 168 593 .3 .7 .5 .1 .5 Firm size 1 to 49 employees Gross job gains 2,967 3,119 3,004 2,893 2,967 9.4 9.8 9.5 9.2 9.4 At expanding firms 2,085 2,253 2,176 2,085 2,112 6.6 7.1 6.9 6.6 6.7 At opening firms 882 866 828 808 855 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 Gross job losses 2,928 2,757 2,846 2,896 2,837 9.3 8.8 9.0 9.2 8.9 At contracting firms 2,086 1,953 2,055 2,088 2,033 6.6 6.2 6.5 6.6 6.4 At closing firms 842 804 791 808 804 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 Net employment change 39 362 158 -3 130 .1 1.0 .5 .0 .5 Firm size 50 to 249 employees Gross job gains 985 1,046 1,080 999 1,004 4.9 5.1 5.4 4.9 4.9 At expanding firms 948 1,016 1,046 965 974 4.7 5.0 5.2 4.7 4.8 At opening firms 37 30 34 34 30 .2 .1 .2 .2 .1 Gross job losses 939 830 919 961 920 4.7 4.1 4.6 4.7 4.6 At contracting firms 906 803 887 931 887 4.5 4.0 4.4 4.6 4.4 At closing firms 33 27 32 30 33 .2 .1 .2 .1 .2 Net employment change 46 216 161 38 84 .2 1.0 .8 .2 .3 Firm size 250 or more employees Gross job gains 1,663 1,583 1,713 1,624 1,743 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.8 3.0 At expanding firms 1,656 1,579 1,707 1,612 1,740 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.8 3.0 At opening firms 7 4 6 12 3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Gross job losses 1,416 1,331 1,460 1,491 1,364 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.3 At contracting firms 1,407 1,325 1,438 1,482 1,356 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.3 At closing firms 9 6 22 9 8 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Net employment change 247 252 253 133 379 .4 .4 .4 .3 .7 (1) Total gross job gains and gross job losses by firm are lower than total gross job gains and gross job losses by establishment, as some establishment gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process.
Table 6. Private sector gross job gains and losses by state, seasonally adjusted Gross job gains Gross job losses State (3 months ended) (3 months ended) Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 United States(1)... 6,909,000 6,935,000 7,004,000 6,813,000 7,051,000 6,520,000 6,121,000 6,422,000 6,614,000 6,383,000 Alabama..... 85,633 91,147 84,920 83,127 83,772 87,650 80,326 81,715 82,206 79,513 Alaska..... 23,440 26,381 27,630 22,254 23,664 26,155 21,997 23,362 25,468 25,228 Arizona..... 139,367 128,843 128,712 134,318 142,005 123,249 121,081 124,788 117,424 118,875 Arkansas..... 60,670 53,381 50,617 51,092 55,753 50,505 52,324 52,617 55,826 49,056 California..... 870,675 842,341 887,477 827,492 905,965 785,705 760,027 779,094 783,686 771,421 Colorado..... 128,255 125,797 138,109 131,968 133,994 122,714 115,062 119,234 123,084 116,948 Connecticut..... 73,072 77,422 76,257 71,695 74,526 71,692 68,197 69,468 73,892 70,365 Delaware..... 21,735 22,107 21,752 21,771 23,355 21,334 20,468 22,610 22,138 19,561 District of Columbia 26,595 29,723 26,871 26,693 30,451 24,771 20,338 26,196 27,948 25,459 Florida..... 439,908 414,219 421,896 454,478 451,764 413,449 365,900 395,061 422,223 396,718 Georgia..... 203,099 219,814 214,145 201,804 215,168 202,265 191,090 202,986 200,269 189,181 Hawaii..... 25,587 24,551 26,632 26,273 25,794 21,986 25,568 24,763 23,911 21,529 Idaho..... 37,097 38,404 40,213 40,980 39,975 37,811 38,352 37,611 35,338 36,631 Illinois..... 267,916 263,987 263,873 270,410 257,065 258,824 235,357 241,807 265,131 252,028 Indiana..... 143,961 150,073 140,314 138,449 141,803 134,950 121,345 131,698 134,489 131,743 Iowa..... 71,492 75,925 70,865 69,857 71,066 69,343 62,833 64,030 68,098 67,402 Kansas..... 65,220 72,837 63,539 62,992 68,148 61,690 57,228 60,718 66,891 58,540 Kentucky..... 87,855 91,719 88,548 84,813 91,937 82,301 81,151 80,639 81,943 81,448 Louisiana..... 102,234 109,747 101,281 99,429 104,418 97,984 98,510 104,363 102,944 90,875 Maine..... 33,221 34,867 38,293 32,103 34,205 35,125 34,497 32,974 35,380 36,411 Maryland..... 129,484 135,839 128,787 130,769 127,775 122,326 115,922 122,287 129,010 126,560 Massachusetts..... 148,370 154,973 164,077 148,509 150,023 150,490 138,173 137,487 156,756 148,494 Michigan..... 203,971 208,109 209,535 209,360 204,175 196,273 178,757 195,190 200,789 184,944 Minnesota..... 125,820 152,204 139,597 134,849 134,938 131,726 133,973 121,250 130,627 130,787 Mississippi..... 52,282 54,928 49,378 52,243 57,396 50,544 47,226 55,417 50,729 52,142 Missouri..... 134,687 133,117 133,106 128,913 138,530 125,738 119,773 139,829 129,765 121,856 Montana..... 28,553 27,783 28,905 27,332 29,012 26,686 26,305 26,502 25,375 27,169 Nebraska..... 43,876 44,064 43,321 42,753 44,976 40,167 38,030 39,828 41,943 39,550 Nevada..... 57,485 58,879 63,846 58,103 60,082 55,150 53,065 54,370 56,807 55,939 New Hampshire..... 35,844 34,876 36,985 33,587 34,463 33,640 32,250 33,680 35,919 33,805 New Jersey..... 208,879 204,354 212,859 196,983 203,946 199,863 187,241 189,236 200,646 195,226 New Mexico..... 37,929 41,334 40,590 38,153 42,888 40,581 35,306 41,465 39,338 35,252 New York..... 438,220 467,340 468,789 461,510 464,448 427,473 403,623 434,900 446,526 440,946 North Carolina..... 205,605 210,182 201,581 197,469 207,822 192,401 179,134 192,592 192,634 191,444 North Dakota..... 32,285 34,563 26,998 29,529 29,235 19,885 20,145 22,002 26,071 23,957 Ohio..... 255,010 257,935 253,436 239,722 261,514 239,343 222,736 229,340 254,269 240,528 Oklahoma..... 76,516 75,110 73,855 72,938 79,084 70,641 68,149 67,598 75,201 67,539 Oregon..... 93,674 92,985 93,491 97,240 94,828 92,363 87,056 88,921 86,428 90,642 Pennsylvania..... 278,996 287,205 264,484 262,020 263,211 249,261 246,934 264,265 266,076 247,501 Rhode Island..... 24,067 26,209 25,198 23,568 24,421 24,900 22,040 23,293 24,966 23,582 South Carolina..... 91,266 90,984 89,452 85,659 96,330 82,761 79,437 86,675 87,619 79,404 South Dakota..... 21,563 21,765 22,642 21,022 20,893 19,365 19,933 21,199 20,613 20,457 Tennessee..... 135,832 132,991 133,201 125,916 138,481 117,380 113,095 125,811 124,788 114,847 Texas..... 523,866 537,062 546,168 526,961 551,309 457,961 446,708 457,008 473,008 451,336 Utah..... 69,692 70,120 71,955 70,156 74,427 61,984 59,307 59,459 61,749 60,812 Vermont..... 20,232 17,597 18,259 17,033 18,411 16,430 17,256 18,263 17,368 17,428 Virginia..... 179,267 175,338 169,857 188,452 175,639 177,063 161,214 167,758 181,523 164,816 Washington..... 163,991 157,863 172,704 161,011 166,428 164,123 146,884 147,566 153,641 153,295 West Virginia..... 38,129 40,657 35,411 35,529 35,569 32,964 34,872 40,026 37,266 36,191 Wisconsin..... 127,238 136,446 133,227 122,610 130,639 130,485 120,565 121,972 127,966 121,776 Wyoming..... 20,004 18,242 17,093 17,703 20,169 17,496 18,379 19,021 18,046 17,516 Puerto Rico..... 45,535 41,000 45,398 41,896 47,303 38,101 41,093 38,884 43,256 40,497 Virgin Islands..... 1,929 1,558 1,750 1,415 1,864 1,891 1,996 4,042 2,166 1,570 (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.
Table 7. Private sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted Gross job gains as a percent of employment Gross job losses as a percent of employment State (3 months ended) (3 months ended) Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 United States(1)... 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.0 5.6 5.8 6.0 5.8 Alabama..... 5.9 6.3 5.8 5.6 5.7 6.0 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.4 Alaska..... 9.6 10.8 11.1 9.0 9.5 10.7 8.9 9.4 10.2 10.1 Arizona..... 6.9 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.8 6.2 6.0 6.1 5.8 5.8 Arkansas..... 6.5 5.6 5.3 5.4 5.9 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.9 5.2 California..... 7.2 6.9 7.2 6.7 7.2 6.5 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.2 Colorado..... 6.9 6.7 7.3 6.9 7.0 6.6 6.2 6.3 6.5 6.2 Connecticut..... 5.3 5.6 5.5 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.3 5.1 Delaware..... 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.8 6.2 5.9 6.6 6.5 5.7 District of Columbia.. 5.8 6.4 5.8 5.7 6.5 5.4 4.4 5.6 6.0 5.4 Florida..... 7.1 6.7 6.8 7.1 7.1 6.7 5.9 6.3 6.6 6.2 Georgia..... 6.5 7.0 6.7 6.4 6.7 6.4 6.0 6.4 6.3 5.9 Hawaii..... 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.3 4.6 5.3 5.2 5.0 4.4 Idaho..... 7.4 7.7 8.0 8.1 7.9 7.6 7.7 7.5 7.0 7.2 Illinois..... 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.3 5.4 4.8 5.0 5.4 5.2 Indiana..... 6.1 6.2 5.8 5.7 5.9 5.7 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.4 Iowa..... 5.9 6.2 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.1 5.2 5.6 5.4 Kansas..... 6.1 6.8 5.9 5.9 6.3 5.8 5.3 5.7 6.2 5.4 Kentucky..... 6.1 6.4 6.1 5.9 6.3 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.6 Louisiana..... 6.7 7.1 6.6 6.4 6.7 6.5 6.5 6.7 6.7 5.9 Maine..... 6.8 7.2 7.9 6.6 7.0 7.3 7.1 6.8 7.2 7.6 Maryland..... 6.5 6.7 6.3 6.5 6.3 6.1 5.8 6.1 6.4 6.2 Massachusetts..... 5.4 5.6 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.0 4.9 5.6 5.3 Michigan..... 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.0 5.4 5.8 6.0 5.4 Minnesota..... 5.5 6.8 6.2 5.9 5.9 5.8 6.0 5.3 5.8 5.8 Mississippi..... 6.3 6.5 5.8 6.2 6.7 6.1 5.6 6.6 6.0 6.1 Missouri..... 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.4 5.9 5.5 6.4 5.9 5.6 Montana..... 8.4 8.0 8.3 7.9 8.3 7.8 7.6 7.7 7.3 7.7 Nebraska..... 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.7 6.0 5.4 5.1 5.3 5.6 5.2 Nevada..... 6.0 6.0 6.5 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.7 New Hampshire..... 6.9 6.7 7.1 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.1 6.4 6.8 6.4 New Jersey..... 6.5 6.4 6.7 6.2 6.4 6.3 5.9 5.9 6.3 6.0 New Mexico..... 6.4 6.9 6.8 6.4 7.1 6.8 5.9 6.9 6.5 5.9 New York..... 6.1 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.0 5.7 6.0 6.2 6.1 North Carolina..... 6.5 6.5 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.0 5.6 6.0 6.0 5.9 North Dakota..... 10.0 10.3 7.8 8.5 8.3 6.2 6.0 6.4 7.6 6.8 Ohio..... 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.5 6.0 5.6 5.2 5.3 5.9 5.6 Oklahoma..... 6.4 6.3 6.1 6.0 6.5 5.8 5.7 5.5 6.2 5.5 Oregon..... 6.9 6.9 6.9 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.4 6.6 6.3 6.6 Pennsylvania..... 5.7 5.9 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.0 Rhode Island..... 6.2 6.7 6.4 6.0 6.2 6.4 5.6 5.9 6.3 6.0 South Carolina..... 6.2 6.2 6.1 5.9 6.5 5.6 5.4 5.9 5.9 5.4 South Dakota..... 6.6 6.6 6.8 6.4 6.3 5.9 6.1 6.4 6.2 6.1 Tennessee..... 6.1 5.9 5.9 5.6 6.2 5.3 5.1 5.7 5.5 5.1 Texas..... 6.0 6.1 6.2 5.8 6.1 5.3 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.0 Utah..... 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.0 7.3 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.0 Vermont..... 8.3 7.2 7.4 6.9 7.4 6.8 7.0 7.4 7.1 7.1 Virginia..... 6.2 6.0 5.8 6.5 6.0 6.1 5.6 5.8 6.2 5.6 Washington..... 7.2 6.8 7.4 6.9 7.1 7.1 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.5 West Virginia..... 6.8 7.2 6.3 6.2 6.3 5.8 6.1 7.0 6.6 6.5 Wisconsin..... 5.6 5.9 5.8 5.3 5.7 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.3 Wyoming..... 9.4 8.5 8.1 8.4 9.5 8.2 8.6 9.0 8.5 8.2 Puerto Rico..... 6.7 6.0 6.6 6.1 6.9 5.7 6.0 5.7 6.3 5.8 Virgin Islands..... 6.3 5.1 5.9 5.0 6.6 6.1 6.5 13.7 7.7 5.6 (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.
Table 8. Private sector establishment births and deaths, seasonally adjusted Total private (Levels in thousands) Number of Establishments Employment Births Deaths(1) Births Deaths Year 3 months ended Level Rate(2) Level Rate Level Rate Level Rate 2002 March 204 3.2 190 3.0 1,175 1.1 1,089 1.0 June 208 3.3 187 2.9 1,189 1.1 1,080 1.0 September 199 3.1 184 2.9 1,051 1.0 1,023 1.0 December 201 3.1 191 3.0 1,023 1.0 1,021 1.0 2003 March 193 3.0 186 2.9 1,004 .9 1,011 .9 June 191 3.0 186 2.9 964 .9 951 .9 September 193 3.0 179 2.8 954 .9 884 .8 December 200 3.1 180 2.8 998 .9 910 .9 2004 March 207 3.2 180 2.8 1,000 .9 917 .9 June 203 3.1 185 2.8 980 .9 909 .8 September 209 3.2 186 2.8 1,016 .9 953 .9 December 210 3.2 180 2.7 997 .9 894 .8 2005 March 209 3.1 185 2.8 944 .9 852 .8 June 216 3.2 180 2.7 951 .9 841 .8 September 221 3.3 186 2.8 996 .9 884 .8 December 221 3.3 186 2.8 979 .9 846 .8 2006 March 220 3.2 180 2.6 924 .8 748 .7 June 221 3.2 194 2.8 973 .9 841 .7 September 210 3.1 196 2.9 927 .8 836 .7 December 221 3.2 194 2.8 959 .8 804 .7 2007 March 214 3.1 193 2.8 897 .8 771 .7 June 206 3.0 202 2.9 884 .8 850 .7 September 216 3.1 203 2.9 941 .8 836 .7 December 208 3.0 206 2.9 902 .8 825 .7 2008 March 207 3.0 211 3.0 897 .8 813 .7 June 201 2.9 228 3.3 876 .8 934 .8 September 191 2.7 223 3.2 827 .7 880 .8 December 188 2.7 240 3.5 799 .7 947 .8 2009 March 172 2.5 236 3.4 703 .6 850 .8 June 177 2.6 227 3.3 742 .7 831 .8 September 169 2.5 215 3.2 692 .7 787 .7 December 183 2.7 200 3.0 712 .7 739 .7 2010 March 175 2.6 194 2.9 685 .7 667 .6 June 179 2.7 185 2.7 713 .7 650 .6 September 188 2.8 189 2.8 741 .7 694 .7 December 200 2.9 186 2.7 790 .7 689 .6 2011 March 189 2.8 184 2.7 695 .7 610 .6 June 192 2.8 190 2.8 748 .7 677 .6 September 198 2.9 187 2.7 790 .7 674 .6 December 202 2.9 191 2.8 802 .7 750 .7 2012 March 193 2.8 181 2.6 748 .7 605 .6 June 191 2.8 N/A N/A 759 .7 N/A N/A September 193 2.8 N/A N/A 789 .7 N/A N/A December 192 2.8 N/A N/A 766 .7 N/A N/A (1) Values for deaths are not available for the most recent three quarters by definition. See the Technical Note for more information. (2) The rates measure births and deaths as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels or total number of establishments.