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For release 10:00 a.m. EDT USDL-11-1149 Tuesday, August 2, 2011 Technical information: (202) 691-6553 * BDMInfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/bdm Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS: FOURTH QUARTER 2010 From September to December 2010 the number of gross job gains from opening and expanding private sector establishments increased to 7.0 million, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over this period, the number of gross job losses from closing and contracting private sector establishments was essentially unchanged from the previous quarter at 6.4 million. In the fourth quarter of 2010, large firms with 250 or more employees experienced the largest quarter of gross job gains (1.7 million) since December 2007. The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private business units from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing units and the addition of new jobs at opening units. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing units and the loss of jobs at closing units. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note for more information.) The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses at the establishment level by industry subsector and for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. Contracting establishments lost 5.2 million jobs in the fourth quarter of 2010, resuming a downward trend in this series that began in the second quarter of 2009. Job gains at expanding establishments rose to 5.6 million in fourth quarter 2010 after falling in the third quarter. In the fourth qaurter of 2010 closing establishments lost 1.2 million jobs, about the same as in the previous quarter. Opening establishments gained 1.3 million jobs in fourth quarter 2010, an increase from the previous quarter when opening establishments created 1.2 million jobs. (See tables 1 and 3.) In fourth quarter 2010, the number of establishment births (a subset of the openings data, see the Technical Note for more information) rose by 14,000 to 196,000. These new establishments accounted for 771,000 jobs, an increase of 57,000 from the previous quarter. Fourth quarter 2010 experienced the highest number of establishment births since second quarter 2008. Data for establishment deaths (a subset of the closings data) are available through March 2010, when 667,000 jobs were lost at 196,000 establishments. This quarter represents the lowest number of jobs lost since the series began in third quarter 1992, and the lowest number of establishment deaths since first quarter 2007.(See table 8.) The difference between the number of gross jobs gains and the number of gross jobs losses yielded a net change of 563,000 jobs in the private sector during the fourth quarter 2010. (See table 1.) Gross job gains represented 6.6 percent of private sector employment in fourth quarter 2010, while gross job losses represented 6.1 percent of private sector employment. (See table 2.) The goods-producing sector experienced gross job gains of 1,350,000 and gross job losses of 1,400,000, leading to a net employment loss of - 50,000. Within the goods producing sector, construction contributed all of the net employment losses, (-63,000). The information sector was the only other sector to experience a net employment loss in fourth quarter 2010. Transportation and warehousing had the largest positive rate of net employment change, 1.4 percent, followed by professional and business services at 1.1 percent. The financial activities sector recorded a net employment change of 22,000, reversing a negative trend that began in second quarter 2007. (See table 3.) Table A. Three-month private sector gross job gains and losses, seasonally adjusted Category 3 months ended Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 Levels (in thousands) Gross job gains................ 6,662 6,110 6,935 6,593 6,954 At expanding establishments... 5,326 4,996 5,682 5,388 5,609 At opening establishments..... 1,336 1,114 1,253 1,205 1,345 Gross job losses............... 6,890 6,421 6,207 6,442 6,391 At contracting establishments. 5,598 5,231 5,064 5,226 5,162 At closing establishments..... 1,292 1,190 1,143 1,216 1,229 Net employment change(1)....... -228 -311 728 151 563 Rates (percent) Gross job gains................ 6.4 5.8 6.6 6.2 6.6 At expanding establishments... 5.1 4.7 5.4 5.1 5.3 At opening establishments..... 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 Gross job losses............... 6.5 6.1 5.9 6.0 6.1 At contracting establishments. 5.3 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.9 At closing establishments..... 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 Net employment change(1)....... -.1 -.3 .7 .2 .5 (1) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. Firms with 250 or more employees accounted for 72.8 percent of total net job gains in the fourth quarter of 2010. This is the largest net employment gain (351,000) in this size class since September 2005. (See tables 4 and 5.) In the fourth quarter of 2010, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in eight states, down from 20 states in the previous quarter. California had the largest positive quarterly net employment change of 100,811 jobs. (See table 6.) North Dakota experienced the largest rate of net employment change at 1.9 percent. (See table 7.) More Information Additional information on gross job gains and gross job losses are available online at http://www.bls.gov/bdm. This information includes data on the levels and rates of gross job gains and gross job losses by firm size, the not seasonally adjusted data and other seasonally adjusted time series not presented in this release, charts of gross job gains and gross job losses by industry and firm size, and frequently asked questions on firm-size data. Additional information about the Business Employment Dynamics data can be found in the Technical Note of this release or may be obtained by e-mailing BDMinfo@bls.gov. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | The Business Employment Dynamics for First Quarter 2011 are scheduled | | to be released on Thursday, November 17, 2011 at 10:00 a.m. (EST). | ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Technical Note The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal- state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), or the ES-202 program. The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing quarterly state unemployment insurance (UI) records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by UI laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The quarterly UI reports are sent by the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs) to BLS and form the basis of the BLS establishment universe sampling frame. These reports also are used to pro- duce the quarterly QCEW data on total employment and wages and the longitu- dinal BED data on gross job gains and losses. Other important BLS uses of the UI reports are in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. (See table below for differences between QCEW, CES, and BED.) In the BED program, the quarterly UI records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding establishments and jobs lost at closing and contracting establish- ments. Differences between QCEW, BED, and CES employment measures The BLS publishes three different establishment-based employment mea- sures for any given quarter. Each of these measures--QCEW, BED, and CES-- makes use of the quarterly UI employment reports in producing data; how- ever, each measure has a somewhat different universe coverage, estimation procedure, and publication product. Differences in coverage and estimation methods can result in somewhat different measures of over-the-quarter employment change. It is important to understand program differences and the intended uses of the program products. (See table below.) Additional information on each program can be obtained from the program Web sites shown in the table. Summary of Major Differences between QCEW, BED, and CES Employment Measures --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | QCEW | BED | CES -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Source |--Count of UI admini-|--Count of longitudi- |--Sample survey: | strative records | nally-linked UI ad- | 410,000 establish- | submitted by 9.0 | ministrative records| ments | million employers | submitted by 6.7 | | | million private sec-| | | tor employers | -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Coverage |--UI and UCFE cover- |--UI Coverage, exclud-|Nonfarm wage and sal- | age: all employers| ing government, pri-| ary jobs: | subject to state | vate households, and|--UI Coverage, exclud- | and federal UI Laws| establishments with | ing agriculture, pri- | | zero employment | vate households, and | | | self-employed workers | | |--Other employment, in- | | | cluding railroads, | | | religious organiza- | | | tions, and other non- | | | UI-covered jobs -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Publication|--Quarterly |--Quarterly |--Monthly frequency | -7 months after the| -8 months after the | -Usually first Friday | end of each quar- | end of each quarter| of following month | ter | | -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Use of UI |--Directly summarizes|--Links each new UI |--Uses UI file as a sam- file | and publishes each | quarter to longitu- | pling frame and annu- | new quarter of UI | dinal database and | ally realigns (bench- | data | directly summarizes | marks) sample esti- | | gross job gains and | mates to first quar- | | losses | ter UI levels -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Principal |--Provides a quarter-|--Provides quarterly |--Provides current month- products | ly and annual uni- | employer dynamics | ly estimates of employ- | verse count of es- | data on establish- | ment, hours, and earn- | tablishments, em- | ment openings, clos-| ings at the MSA, state, | ployment, and wages| ings, expansions, | and national level by | at the county, MSA,| and contractions at | industry | state, and national| the national level | | levels by detailed | by NAICS super- | | industry | sectors and by size | | | of firm, and at the | | | state private-sector| | | total level | | |--Future expansions | | | will include data | | | with greater in- | | | dustry detail and | | | data at the county | | | and MSA level | -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Principal |--Major uses include:|--Major uses include: |--Major uses include: uses | -Detailed locality | -Business cycle | -Principal national | data | analysis | economic indicator | -Periodic universe | -Analysis of employ-| -Official time series | counts for bench- | er dynamics under- | for employment change | marking sample | lying economic ex- | measures | survey estimates | pansions and con- | -Input into other ma- | -Sample frame for | tractions | jor economic indi- | BLS establishment | -Analysis of employ-| cators | surveys | ment expansion and | | | contraction by size| | | of firm | | | | -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Program |--www.bls.gov/cew/ |--www.bls.gov/bdm/ |--www.bls.gov/ces/ Web sites | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Coverage Employment and wage data for workers covered by state UI and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) laws are compiled from quarterly contribution reports submitted to the SWAs by employers. In addition to the quarterly contribution reports, employers who operate multiple establishments within a state complete a questionnaire, called the "Multiple Worksite Report," which provides detailed information on the location of their establishments. These reports are based on place of employment rather than place of residence. UI and UCFE coverage is broad and basically comparable from state to state. Major exclusions from UI coverage are self-employed workers, religious or- ganizations, most agricultural workers on small farms, all members of the Armed Forces, elected officials in most states, most employees of railroads, some domestic workers, most student workers at schools, and employees of cer- tain small nonprofit organizations. Gross job gains and gross job losses in this release are derived from lon- gitudinal histories of 6.7 million private sector employer reports out of 9.0 million total reports of employment and wages submitted by states to BLS in the first quarter of 2010. Gross job gains and gross job losses data in this release do not report estimates for government employees or private households (NAICS 814110) and do not include establishments with zero employ- ment in both previous and current quarters. Data from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands also are excluded from the national data. As an illustration, the table below shows, in millions of establishments, the number of establish- ments excluded from the gross job gains and gross job losses data in the first quarter of 2010: Number of active establishments included in Business Employment Dynamics data at the national level Millions Total establishments QCEW program....................................9.0 Excluded: Public sector.........................................0.3 Private households....................................0.7 Zero employment.......................................1.3 Establishments in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands..............................0.0 (less than 50,000) Total establishments included in Business Employment Dynamics data.............................................6.7 Unit of analysis Establishments are used in the tabulation of the BED statistics by in- dustry and firms are used in the tabulation of the BED size class sta- tistics. An establishment is defined as an economic unit that produces goods or services, usually at a single physical location, and engages in one or predominantly one activity. A firm is a legal business, either corporate or otherwise, and may consist of several establishments. Firm- level data are compiled based on an aggregation of establishments under common ownership by a corporate parent using employer tax identification numbers. The firm-level aggregation, which is consistent with the role of corporations as the economic decision makers, is used for the measurement of the BED data elements by size class. Because of the difference in the unit of analysis, total gross job gains and gross job losses by size class are lower than total gross job gains and gross job losses by industry, as some establishment gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process. However, the total net changes in employment are the same for not seasonally adjusted data and are similar for seasonally adjusted data. Concepts and methodology The Business Employment Dynamics data measure the net change in employ- ment at the establishment or firm level. These changes come about in one of four ways. A net increase in employment can come from either opening units or expanding units. A net decrease in employment can come from either closing units or contracting units. Gross job gains include the sum of all jobs added at either opening or expanding units. Gross job losses include the sum of all jobs lost in either closing or contracting units. The net change in employment is the difference between gross job gains and gross job losses. The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows: Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter, following zero em- ployment in the previous quarter. Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period. Closings. These are units with positive third month employment in the pre- vious quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter. Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period. Births. These are units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter with no links to the prior quarter, or units with positive third month employment in the current quarter and zero employment in the third month of the previous four quarters. Births are a subset of openings not including re-openings of seasonal businesses. Deaths. These are units with no employment or zero employment reported in the third month of four consecutive quarters following the last quarter with positive employment. Deaths are a subset of closings not including temporary shutdowns of seasonal businesses. A unit that closes during the quarter may be a death, but we wait three quarters to determine whether it is a permanent closing or a temporary shutdown. Therefore, there is always a lag of three quarters for the publication of death statistics. All establishment-level employment changes are measured from the third month of each quarter. Not all establishments and firms change their em- ployment levels. Units with no change in employment count towards estimates of total employment, but not for levels of gross employment job gains and gross job losses. Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quar- ters. This provides a symmetric growth rate. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate. Establishment Births and Deaths For the purpose of BED statistics, births are defined as establishments that appear in the longitudinal database for the first time with positive employment in the third month of a quarter, or showed four consecutive quarters of zero employment in the third month followed by a quarter in which it shows positive employment in the third month. Similarly, deaths are defined as establishments that either drop out of the longitudinal database or an establishment that had positive employment in the third month of a given quarter followed by four consecutive quarters of showing zero employment in the third month. Although the data for establishment births and deaths are tabulated independently from the data for openings and closings, the concepts are not mutually exclusive. An establishment that is defined as a birth in a given quarter is necessarily an opening as well, and an establishment defined as a death in a quarter must also be a closing. Since openings include seasonal, and other, re-openings and closings include temporary shutdowns, the not seasonally adjusted values for births and deaths must be less than those openings and closings. However, because some BED series do not have many re-openings or temporary shutdowns, as well as the fact that births and deaths are independently seasonally adjusted from openings and closings, there may be instances in which the seasonally adjusted value of the former is greater than the latter. Linkage methodology Prior to the measurement of gross job gains and gross job losses, QCEW records are linked across two quarters. The linkage process matches esta- blishments' unique SWA identification numbers (SWA-ID). Between 95 to 97 percent of establishments identified as continuous from quarter to quarter are matched by SWA-ID. The rest are linked in one of three ways. The first method uses predecessor and successor information, identified by the states, which relates records with different SWA-IDs across quarters. Predecessor and successor relations can come about for a variety of reasons, including a change in ownership, a firm restructuring, or a UI account restructuring. If a match cannot be attained in this manner, a probability-based match is used. This match attempts to identify two establishments with different SWA- IDs as continuous. The match is based upon comparisons such as the same name, address, and phone number. Third, an analyst examines unmatched re- cords individually and makes a possible match. In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, SWAs verify with employers and update, if necessary, the industry, location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establish- ment classification codes resulting from the verification process are intro- duced with the data reported for the first quarter of the year. Changes re- sulting from improved employer reporting also are introduced in the first quarter. Sizing methodology The method of dynamic sizing is used in calculations for the BED size- class data series. Dynamic sizing allocates each firm's employment gain or loss during a quarter to each respective size class in which the change occurred. For example, if a firm grew from 2 employees in quarter 1 to 38 employees in quarter 2, then, of the 36-employee increase, 2 would be al- located to the first size class, 5 to the size class 5 to 9, 10 to size class 10 to 19, and 19 to size class 20 to 49. Dynamic sizing provides symmetrical firm-size estimates and eliminates any systematic effects which may be caused by the transitory and reverting changes in firms' sizes over time. Additionally, it allocates each job gain or loss to the actual size class where it occurred. Annual Data The annual gross job gains and gross job losses measure the net change in employment at the establishment level from the third month of a quarter in the previous year to the third month of the same quarter in the current year. The BLS publishes annual BED data based on March-to-March changes once a year with the release of the first quarter BED data. The annual data based on over-the-year changes for other quarters of the year are available upon request. The definitions and methodology in measuring annual gross job gains and gross job losses are similar to the quarterly measures. The linkage method considers all predecessor and successor relations that may come about due to changes in ownership and corporate restructuring over the entire year. At the establishment level, some of the quarterly job gains and job losses are offset during the estimation over the year. Therefore, the sum of four quarters of gross job gains and gross job losses are not equal to annual gross job gains and gross job losses. The net change in employment over the year, however, is equal to the sum of four quarterly net changes on a not seasonally adjusted basis. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the levels of employment and the associated job flows undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in the weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal vari- ation can be very large. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence can be eliminated by adjusting these statistics from quarter to quarter. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity, easier to recognize. For example, the large number of youths taking summer jobs is likely to obscure other changes that have taken place in June relative to March, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. The adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to ana- lyze changes in economic activity. The employment data series for opening, expanding, closing, and contract- ing units are independently seasonally adjusted; net changes are calculated based on the difference between gross job gains and gross job losses. Simi- larly, for industry data, the establishment counts data series for opening, expanding, closing, and contracting establishments are independently adjusted, and the net changes are calculated based on the difference between the number of opening and closing establishments. Additionally, establishment and em- ployment levels are independently seasonally adjusted to calculate the sea- sonally adjusted rates. Concurrent seasonal adjustment is run using X-12 ARIMA. Seasonally adjusted data series for the total private sector are cal- culated by summing the seasonally adjusted data for all sectors, including the unclassified sector, which is not published separately. The employment data series for opening, expanding, closing, and contracting units for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia are seasonally adjusted at the total private level only. The sum of the state series for opening, expanding, closing, and contracting units will not necessarily be equal to the national total private series because of the independent seasonal adjustment of these series. The net over-the-quarter change derived by summing the BED component series will differ from the net employment change estimated from the seasonally ad- justed total private employment series from the CES program. The intended use of BED statistics is to show the dynamic labor market changes that underlie the net employment change statistic. As such, data users interested particu- larly in the net employment change and not in the gross job flows underlying this change should refer to CES data for over-the-quarter net employment changes. Reliability of the data Since the data series on Business Employment Dynamics are based on admini- strative rather than sample data, there are no issues related to sampling error. Nonsampling error, however, still exists. Nonsampling errors can oc- cur for many reasons, such as the employer submitting corrected employment data after the end of the quarter or typographical errors made by businesses when providing information. Such errors, however, are likely to be distri- buted randomly throughout the dataset. Changes in administrative data sometimes create complications for the linkage process. This can result in overstating openings and closings while understating expansions and contractions. The BLS continues to refine methods for improving the linkage process to alleviate the effects of these compli- cations. The BED data series are subject to periodic minor changes based on correc- tions in QCEW records, updates on predecessors and successors information, and seasonal adjustment revisions. Annual revisions are published each year with the release of the first quarter data. These revisions cover the last four quarters of not seasonally adjusted data and 5 years of seasonally adjusted data. Additional statistics and other information Several other programs within BLS produce closely related information. The QCEW program, also known as the ES-202 program, provides both quarterly and annual estimates of employment by state, county, and detailed industry. News releases on quarterly county employment and wages are available upon request from the Division of Administrative Statistics and Labor Turnover, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20212; telephone 202-691-6567; (http://www.bls.gov/cew/); (e-mail: QCEWInfo@bls.gov). The CES program produces monthly estimates of employment, its net change, and earnings by detailed industry. These estimates are part of the Employ- ment Situation report put out monthly by BLS. The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) program provides month- ly measures of job openings, as well as employee hires and separations. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired in- dividuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and job losses, seasonally adjusted Total private (In thousands) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(1) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 2000 March 827 8,849 6,960 1,889 8,022 6,342 1,680 June 503 8,479 6,794 1,685 7,976 6,373 1,603 September 324 8,525 6,756 1,769 8,201 6,479 1,722 December 251 8,351 6,673 1,678 8,100 6,444 1,656 2001 March -119 8,491 6,728 1,763 8,610 6,717 1,893 June -780 7,991 6,302 1,689 8,771 7,036 1,735 September -1,148 7,630 5,945 1,685 8,778 6,990 1,788 December -1,009 7,547 5,912 1,635 8,556 6,870 1,686 2002 March -10 8,071 6,298 1,773 8,081 6,434 1,647 June -30 7,868 6,145 1,723 7,898 6,274 1,624 September -151 7,630 6,039 1,591 7,781 6,248 1,533 December -241 7,483 5,938 1,545 7,724 6,185 1,539 2003 March -393 7,467 5,928 1,539 7,860 6,307 1,553 June -90 7,398 5,929 1,469 7,488 6,030 1,458 September 204 7,392 5,923 1,469 7,188 5,828 1,360 December 297 7,521 6,005 1,516 7,224 5,800 1,424 2004 March 470 7,715 6,204 1,511 7,245 5,795 1,450 June 644 7,754 6,235 1,519 7,110 5,639 1,471 September 206 7,633 6,060 1,573 7,427 5,888 1,539 December 757 7,844 6,243 1,601 7,087 5,663 1,424 2005 March 384 7,620 6,131 1,489 7,236 5,801 1,435 June 593 7,774 6,231 1,543 7,181 5,776 1,405 September 677 7,965 6,387 1,578 7,288 5,844 1,444 December 494 7,807 6,252 1,555 7,313 5,948 1,365 2006 March 806 7,726 6,293 1,433 6,920 5,635 1,285 June 424 7,789 6,273 1,516 7,365 5,998 1,367 September 45 7,495 6,057 1,438 7,450 6,098 1,352 December 462 7,765 6,241 1,524 7,303 5,954 1,349 2007 March 491 7,657 6,243 1,414 7,166 5,870 1,296 June 207 7,661 6,250 1,411 7,454 6,056 1,398 September -249 7,328 5,855 1,473 7,577 6,223 1,354 December 286 7,670 6,197 1,473 7,384 6,028 1,356 2008 March -275 7,172 5,778 1,394 7,447 6,083 1,364 June -520 7,285 5,878 1,407 7,805 6,332 1,473 September -966 6,888 5,521 1,367 7,854 6,469 1,385 December -1,814 6,720 5,357 1,363 8,534 7,041 1,493 2009 March -2,741 5,783 4,611 1,172 8,524 7,109 1,415 June -1,604 6,421 5,117 1,304 8,025 6,644 1,381 September -900 6,341 5,124 1,217 7,241 5,883 1,358 December -228 6,662 5,326 1,336 6,890 5,598 1,292 2010 March -311 6,110 4,996 1,114 6,421 5,231 1,190 June 728 6,935 5,682 1,253 6,207 5,064 1,143 September 151 6,593 5,388 1,205 6,442 5,226 1,216 December 563 6,954 5,609 1,345 6,391 5,162 1,229 (1) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.
Table 2. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), seasonally adjusted Total private (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 2000 March .8 8.1 6.4 1.7 7.3 5.8 1.5 June .4 7.7 6.2 1.5 7.3 5.8 1.5 September .2 7.7 6.1 1.6 7.5 5.9 1.6 December .2 7.5 6.0 1.5 7.3 5.8 1.5 2001 March -.1 7.7 6.1 1.6 7.8 6.1 1.7 June -.8 7.2 5.7 1.5 8.0 6.4 1.6 September -1.1 6.9 5.4 1.5 8.0 6.4 1.6 December -1.0 7.0 5.5 1.5 8.0 6.4 1.6 2002 March .0 7.5 5.9 1.6 7.5 6.0 1.5 June .0 7.3 5.7 1.6 7.3 5.8 1.5 September -.1 7.1 5.6 1.5 7.2 5.8 1.4 December -.3 6.9 5.5 1.4 7.2 5.8 1.4 2003 March -.5 6.9 5.5 1.4 7.4 5.9 1.5 June .0 7.0 5.6 1.4 7.0 5.6 1.4 September .1 6.9 5.5 1.4 6.8 5.5 1.3 December .3 7.0 5.6 1.4 6.7 5.4 1.3 2004 March .5 7.2 5.8 1.4 6.7 5.4 1.3 June .6 7.2 5.8 1.4 6.6 5.2 1.4 September .3 7.1 5.6 1.5 6.8 5.4 1.4 December .7 7.2 5.7 1.5 6.5 5.2 1.3 2005 March .4 7.0 5.6 1.4 6.6 5.3 1.3 June .6 7.1 5.7 1.4 6.5 5.2 1.3 September .6 7.2 5.8 1.4 6.6 5.3 1.3 December .4 7.0 5.6 1.4 6.6 5.4 1.2 2006 March .8 6.9 5.6 1.3 6.1 5.0 1.1 June .4 6.9 5.6 1.3 6.5 5.3 1.2 September .1 6.7 5.4 1.3 6.6 5.4 1.2 December .3 6.8 5.5 1.3 6.5 5.3 1.2 2007 March .4 6.7 5.5 1.2 6.3 5.2 1.1 June .2 6.7 5.5 1.2 6.5 5.3 1.2 September -.3 6.4 5.1 1.3 6.7 5.5 1.2 December .2 6.7 5.4 1.3 6.5 5.3 1.2 2008 March -.2 6.3 5.1 1.2 6.5 5.3 1.2 June -.5 6.4 5.2 1.2 6.9 5.6 1.3 September -.8 6.1 4.9 1.2 6.9 5.7 1.2 December -1.6 6.0 4.8 1.2 7.6 6.3 1.3 2009 March -2.5 5.3 4.2 1.1 7.8 6.5 1.3 June -1.5 6.0 4.8 1.2 7.5 6.2 1.3 September -1.0 5.9 4.8 1.1 6.9 5.6 1.3 December -.1 6.4 5.1 1.3 6.5 5.3 1.2 2010 March -.3 5.8 4.7 1.1 6.1 5.0 1.1 June .7 6.6 5.4 1.2 5.9 4.8 1.1 September .2 6.2 5.1 1.1 6.0 4.9 1.1 December .5 6.6 5.3 1.3 6.1 4.9 1.2 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and gross job losses as a percentage of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.
Table 3. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, seasonally adjusted Gross job gains and job losses Gross job gains and job losses (in thousands) as a percent of employment Category 3 months ended 3 months ended Dec. Mar. June Sept Dec. Dec. Mar. June Sept Dec. 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 Total private(1) Gross job gains 6,662 6,110 6,935 6,593 6,954 6.4 5.8 6.6 6.2 6.6 At expanding establishments 5,326 4,996 5,682 5,388 5,609 5.1 4.7 5.4 5.1 5.3 At opening establishments 1,336 1,114 1,253 1,205 1,345 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 Gross job losses 6,890 6,421 6,207 6,442 6,391 6.5 6.1 5.9 6.0 6.1 At contracting establishments 5,598 5,231 5,064 5,226 5,162 5.3 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.9 At closing establishments 1,292 1,190 1,143 1,216 1,229 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 Net employment change -228 -311 728 151 563 -.1 -.3 .7 .2 .5 Goods-producing Gross job gains 1,313 1,266 1,461 1,360 1,350 6.9 6.7 7.8 7.3 7.2 At expanding establishments 1,080 1,072 1,238 1,158 1,133 5.7 5.7 6.6 6.2 6.0 At opening establishments 233 194 223 202 217 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 Gross job losses 1,590 1,459 1,305 1,315 1,400 8.4 7.8 7.0 7.0 7.4 At contracting establishments 1,321 1,204 1,082 1,082 1,156 7.0 6.4 5.8 5.8 6.1 At closing establishments 269 255 223 233 244 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 Net employment change -277 -193 156 45 -50 -1.5 -1.1 .8 .3 -.2 Natural resources and mining Gross job gains 285 270 305 268 279 16.3 15.4 17.2 14.8 15.4 At expanding establishments 243 235 263 234 236 13.9 13.4 14.8 12.9 13.0 At opening establishments 42 35 42 34 43 2.4 2.0 2.4 1.9 2.4 Gross job losses 292 271 235 263 277 16.7 15.4 13.2 14.5 15.2 At contracting establishments 253 232 202 228 241 14.5 13.2 11.3 12.6 13.2 At closing establishments 39 39 33 35 36 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.0 Net employment change -7 -1 70 5 2 -.4 .0 4.0 .3 .2 Construction Gross job gains 615 591 677 644 631 10.9 10.7 12.3 11.8 11.5 At expanding establishments 470 466 534 514 498 8.3 8.4 9.7 9.4 9.1 At opening establishments 145 125 143 130 133 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.4 Gross job losses 773 728 676 647 694 13.6 13.1 12.3 11.8 12.7 At contracting establishments 606 570 535 503 539 10.7 10.3 9.7 9.2 9.9 At closing establishments 167 158 141 144 155 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.8 Net employment change -158 -137 1 -3 -63 -2.7 -2.4 .0 .0 -1.2 Manufacturing Gross job gains 413 405 479 448 440 3.6 3.5 4.1 3.9 3.9 At expanding establishments 367 371 441 410 399 3.2 3.2 3.8 3.6 3.5 At opening establishments 46 34 38 38 41 .4 .3 .3 .3 .4 Gross job losses 525 460 394 405 429 4.5 4.0 3.4 3.5 3.8 At contracting establishments 462 402 345 351 376 4.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.3 At closing establishments 63 58 49 54 53 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 Net employment change -112 -55 85 43 11 -.9 -.5 .7 .4 .1 Service-providing(1) Gross job gains 5,349 4,844 5,474 5,233 5,604 6.2 5.6 6.3 6.1 6.4 At expanding establishments 4,246 3,924 4,444 4,230 4,476 4.9 4.5 5.1 4.9 5.1 At opening establishments 1,103 920 1,030 1,003 1,128 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 Gross job losses 5,300 4,962 4,902 5,127 4,991 6.2 5.8 5.7 5.9 5.7 At contracting establishments 4,277 4,027 3,982 4,144 4,006 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.6 At closing establishments 1,023 935 920 983 985 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Net employment change 49 -118 572 106 613 .0 -.2 .6 .2 .7 Wholesale trade Gross job gains 259 248 280 263 278 4.7 4.6 5.2 4.8 5.0 At expanding establishments 203 201 232 216 222 3.7 3.7 4.3 3.9 4.0 At opening establishments 56 47 48 47 56 1.0 .9 .9 .9 1.0 Gross job losses 283 274 248 259 252 5.1 5.0 4.5 4.7 4.6 At contracting establishments 220 213 191 199 196 4.0 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.6 At closing establishments 63 61 57 60 56 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 Net employment change -24 -26 32 4 26 -.4 -.4 .7 .1 .4 Retail trade Gross job gains 816 784 892 788 889 5.7 5.4 6.2 5.4 6.2 At expanding establishments 702 676 766 666 763 4.9 4.7 5.3 4.6 5.3 At opening establishments 114 108 126 122 126 .8 .7 .9 .8 .9 Gross job losses 936 805 769 884 807 6.5 5.6 5.3 6.1 5.5 At contracting establishments 808 690 665 772 687 5.6 4.8 4.6 5.3 4.7 At closing establishments 128 115 104 112 120 .9 .8 .7 .8 .8 Net employment change -120 -21 123 -96 82 -.8 -.2 .9 -.7 .7 Transportation and warehousing Gross job gains 220 183 216 211 250 5.5 4.7 5.4 5.4 6.2 At expanding establishments 187 157 183 181 216 4.7 4.0 4.6 4.6 5.4 At opening establishments 33 26 33 30 34 .8 .7 .8 .8 .8 Gross job losses 222 223 189 195 192 5.7 5.6 4.8 4.9 4.8 At contracting establishments 184 190 156 158 159 4.7 4.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 At closing establishments 38 33 33 37 33 1.0 .8 .8 .9 .8 Net employment change -2 -40 27 16 58 -.2 -.9 .6 .5 1.4 Utilities Gross job gains 11 9 11 9 11 2.0 1.6 2.0 1.7 2.0 At expanding establishments 10 8 10 8 9 1.8 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.6 At opening establishments 1 1 1 1 2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .4 Gross job losses 14 9 12 12 10 2.5 1.6 2.2 2.2 1.8 At contracting establishments 12 8 11 11 9 2.1 1.4 2.0 2.0 1.6 At closing establishments 2 1 1 1 1 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 Net employment change -3 0 -1 -3 1 -.5 .0 -.2 -.5 .2 Information Gross job gains 123 106 128 135 126 4.4 3.8 4.7 5.0 4.7 At expanding establishments 97 89 107 116 103 3.5 3.2 3.9 4.3 3.8 At opening establishments 26 17 21 19 23 .9 .6 .8 .7 .9 Gross job losses 144 130 129 136 131 5.2 4.7 4.7 5.0 4.9 At contracting establishments 121 111 109 114 107 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.0 At closing establishments 23 19 20 22 24 .8 .7 .7 .8 .9 Net employment change -21 -24 -1 -1 -5 -.8 -.9 .0 .0 -.2 Financial activities Gross job gains 356 326 347 346 368 4.8 4.3 4.6 4.7 4.9 At expanding establishments 267 263 277 275 283 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.8 At opening establishments 89 63 70 71 85 1.2 .8 .9 1.0 1.1 Gross job losses 400 369 372 369 346 5.4 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.6 At contracting establishments 305 281 288 275 262 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.5 At closing establishments 95 88 84 94 84 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 Net employment change -44 -43 -25 -23 22 -.6 -.7 -.4 -.3 .3 Professional and business services Gross job gains 1,368 1,125 1,340 1,258 1,364 8.3 6.8 8.1 7.5 8.0 At expanding establishments 1,100 920 1,096 1,029 1,104 6.7 5.6 6.6 6.1 6.5 At opening establishments 268 205 244 229 260 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.5 Gross job losses 1,184 1,130 1,144 1,185 1,171 7.2 6.8 6.9 7.1 6.9 At contracting establishments 920 898 890 933 911 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.4 At closing establishments 264 232 254 252 260 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 Net employment change 184 -5 196 73 193 1.1 .0 1.2 .4 1.1 Education and health services Gross job gains 825 730 767 784 835 4.5 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4 At expanding establishments 685 619 655 664 697 3.7 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.7 At opening establishments 140 111 112 120 138 .8 .6 .6 .6 .7 Gross job losses 677 690 718 729 698 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8 At contracting establishments 555 578 601 597 573 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 At closing establishments 122 112 117 132 125 .7 .6 .6 .7 .7 Net employment change 148 40 49 55 137 .8 .2 .3 .3 .6 Leisure and hospitality Gross job gains 1,032 1,000 1,143 1,089 1,116 7.9 7.7 8.8 8.4 8.6 At expanding establishments 783 783 890 859 860 6.0 6.0 6.9 6.6 6.6 At opening establishments 249 217 253 230 256 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.8 2.0 Gross job losses 1,141 1,037 1,043 1,062 1,097 8.8 8.0 8.0 8.2 8.4 At contracting establishments 933 845 868 870 892 7.2 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.8 At closing establishments 208 192 175 192 205 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.6 Net employment change -109 -37 100 27 19 -.9 -.3 .8 .2 .2 Other services Gross job gains 262 247 278 259 266 7.0 6.7 7.5 7.0 7.2 At expanding establishments 202 196 220 207 208 5.4 5.3 5.9 5.6 5.6 At opening establishments 60 51 58 52 58 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.6 Gross job losses 272 263 253 274 266 7.3 7.1 6.8 7.3 7.1 At contracting establishments 211 205 197 210 205 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.6 5.5 At closing establishments 61 58 56 64 61 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 Net employment change -10 -16 25 -15 0 -.3 -.4 .7 -.3 .1 (1) Includes unclassified sector, not shown separately
Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses by firm size, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Total private by firm(1) Firm size 1 - 49 employees Firm size 50 - 249 employees Firm size 250 or more employees Year 3 months Net Gross job Net Gross job Net Gross job Net Gross job ended change(2,3) gains losses change gains losses change gains losses change gains losses 2000 March 910 7,443 6,533 308 3,745 3,437 191 1,417 1,226 411 2,281 1,870 June 460 6,972 6,512 43 3,528 3,485 80 1,322 1,242 337 2,122 1,785 September 316 7,062 6,746 76 3,627 3,551 92 1,348 1,256 148 2,087 1,939 December 266 6,885 6,619 33 3,512 3,479 60 1,300 1,240 173 2,073 1,900 2001 March 52 7,033 6,981 23 3,508 3,485 -87 1,277 1,364 116 2,248 2,132 June -843 6,432 7,275 -123 3,393 3,516 -180 1,223 1,403 -540 1,816 2,356 September -1,214 6,124 7,338 -271 3,333 3,604 -253 1,142 1,395 -690 1,649 2,339 December -1,041 6,146 7,187 -118 3,325 3,443 -200 1,138 1,338 -723 1,683 2,406 2002 March 70 6,602 6,532 54 3,402 3,348 -52 1,194 1,246 68 2,006 1,938 June -61 6,416 6,477 69 3,379 3,310 -7 1,191 1,198 -123 1,846 1,969 September -176 6,190 6,366 20 3,335 3,315 -46 1,144 1,190 -150 1,711 1,861 December -247 6,114 6,361 -3 3,299 3,302 -73 1,106 1,179 -171 1,709 1,880 2003 March -326 6,112 6,438 -135 3,257 3,392 -56 1,127 1,183 -135 1,728 1,863 June -137 6,108 6,245 112 3,346 3,234 -26 1,133 1,159 -223 1,629 1,852 September 193 6,162 5,969 120 3,327 3,207 21 1,127 1,106 52 1,708 1,656 December 310 6,218 5,908 146 3,340 3,194 32 1,128 1,096 132 1,750 1,618 2004 March 430 6,306 5,876 153 3,392 3,239 137 1,194 1,057 140 1,720 1,580 June 621 6,471 5,850 169 3,387 3,218 141 1,196 1,055 311 1,888 1,577 September 197 6,243 6,046 88 3,379 3,291 88 1,175 1,087 21 1,689 1,668 December 759 6,494 5,735 274 3,480 3,206 101 1,172 1,071 384 1,842 1,458 2005 March 368 6,320 5,952 66 3,416 3,350 97 1,161 1,064 205 1,743 1,538 June 570 6,435 5,865 243 3,476 3,233 146 1,198 1,052 181 1,761 1,580 September 701 6,672 5,971 218 3,510 3,292 85 1,195 1,110 398 1,967 1,569 December 506 6,406 5,900 169 3,462 3,293 45 1,140 1,095 292 1,804 1,512 2006 March 734 6,372 5,638 316 3,530 3,214 217 1,203 986 201 1,639 1,438 June 423 6,381 5,958 138 3,446 3,308 122 1,197 1,075 163 1,738 1,575 September 24 6,099 6,075 -16 3,325 3,341 21 1,128 1,107 19 1,646 1,627 December 449 6,386 5,937 113 3,396 3,283 68 1,145 1,077 268 1,845 1,577 2007 March 430 6,241 5,811 179 3,438 3,259 107 1,146 1,039 144 1,657 1,513 June 216 6,288 6,072 -9 3,348 3,357 118 1,188 1,070 107 1,752 1,645 September -269 5,904 6,173 -130 3,252 3,382 -61 1,075 1,136 -78 1,577 1,655 December 264 6,241 5,977 -13 3,307 3,320 48 1,131 1,083 229 1,803 1,574 2008 March -308 5,755 6,063 -149 3,226 3,375 -4 1,066 1,070 -155 1,463 1,618 June -505 5,891 6,396 -263 3,190 3,453 -27 1,106 1,133 -215 1,595 1,810 September -1,034 5,496 6,530 -355 3,041 3,396 -168 1,015 1,183 -511 1,440 1,951 December -1,883 5,334 7,217 -712 2,901 3,613 -385 941 1,326 -786 1,492 2,278 2009 March -2,652 4,545 7,197 -974 2,715 3,689 -598 801 1,399 -1,080 1,029 2,109 June -1,735 5,198 6,933 -452 2,960 3,412 -266 963 1,229 -1,017 1,275 2,292 September -977 5,131 6,108 -386 2,815 3,201 -134 928 1,062 -457 1,388 1,845 December -306 5,399 5,705 -179 2,931 3,110 -55 956 1,011 -72 1,512 1,584 2010 March -270 4,998 5,268 -220 2,809 3,029 3 899 896 -53 1,290 1,343 June 688 5,802 5,114 237 3,070 2,833 217 1,081 864 234 1,651 1,417 September 121 5,432 5,311 -28 2,879 2,907 64 988 924 85 1,565 1,480 December 482 5,727 5,245 45 2,996 2,951 86 1,025 939 351 1,706 1,355 (1) Total gross job gains and gross job losses by firm are lower than total gross job gains and gross job losses by establishment, as some establishment gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. (3) Net change totals for firm-level data shown differ from the establishment-level data due to independent seasonal adjustment of the series. NOTE: See http://www.bls.gov/bdm/bdmfirmsize.htm for additional firm size class data.
Table 5. Components of private sector gross job gains and losses by firm size, seasonally adjusted Gross job gains and job losses Gross job gains and job losses (in thousands) as a percent of employment Category 3 months ended 3 months ended Dec. Mar. June Sept Dec. Dec. Mar. June Sept Dec. 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 Total private by firm(1) Gross job gains 5,399 4,998 5,802 5,432 5,727 5.1 4.7 5.4 5.1 5.4 At expanding establishments 4,441 4,147 4,907 4,589 4,784 4.2 3.9 4.6 4.3 4.5 At opening establishments 958 851 895 843 943 .9 .8 .8 .8 .9 Gross job losses 5,705 5,268 5,114 5,311 5,245 5.4 5.1 4.9 5.0 4.9 At contracting establishments 4,783 4,372 4,295 4,439 4,373 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1 At closing establishments 922 896 819 872 872 .9 .9 .8 .8 .8 Net employment change -306 -270 688 121 482 -.3 -.4 .5 .1 .5 Firm size 1 to 49 employees Gross job gains 2,931 2,809 3,070 2,879 2,996 9.4 9.0 9.9 9.3 9.7 At expanding establishments 2,017 1,993 2,221 2,074 2,096 6.5 6.4 7.2 6.7 6.8 At opening establishments 914 816 849 805 900 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.9 Gross job losses 3,110 3,029 2,833 2,907 2,951 10.0 9.8 9.1 9.4 9.5 At contracting establishments 2,233 2,163 2,045 2,074 2,119 7.2 7.0 6.6 6.7 6.8 At closing establishments 877 866 788 833 832 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.7 Net employment change -179 -220 237 -28 45 -.6 -.8 .8 -.1 .2 Firm size 50 to 249 employees Gross job gains 956 899 1,081 988 1,025 4.9 4.6 5.6 5.1 5.2 At expanding establishments 918 871 1,043 957 988 4.7 4.5 5.4 4.9 5.0 At opening establishments 38 28 38 31 37 .2 .1 .2 .2 .2 Gross job losses 1,011 896 864 924 939 5.2 4.6 4.4 4.7 4.8 At contracting establishments 974 869 837 895 904 5.0 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.6 At closing establishments 37 27 27 29 35 .2 .1 .1 .1 .2 Net employment change -55 3 217 64 86 -.3 .0 1.2 .4 .4 Firm size 250 or more employees Gross job gains 1,512 1,290 1,651 1,565 1,706 2.8 2.3 3.0 2.8 3.1 At expanding establishments 1,506 1,283 1,643 1,558 1,700 2.8 2.3 3.0 2.8 3.1 At opening establishments 6 7 8 7 6 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Gross job losses 1,584 1,343 1,417 1,480 1,355 2.9 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.4 At contracting establishments 1,576 1,340 1,413 1,470 1,350 2.9 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.4 At closing establishments 8 3 4 10 5 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Net employment change -72 -53 234 85 351 -.1 -.1 .4 .1 .7 (1) Total gross job gains and gross job losses by firm are lower than total gross job gains and gross job losses by establishment, as some establishment gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process.
Table 6. Private sector gross job gains and losses by state, seasonally adjusted Gross job gains Gross job losses State (3 months ended) (3 months ended) Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 United States1..... 6,662,000 6,110,000 6,935,000 6,593,000 6,954,000 6,890,000 6,421,000 6,207,000 6,442,000 6,391,000 Alabama..... 86,379 82,695 90,438 88,544 90,702 92,544 83,327 83,971 93,826 89,501 Alaska..... 24,288 25,078 26,302 22,312 24,643 25,288 23,147 21,772 23,678 25,148 Arizona..... 131,273 116,334 120,892 125,191 141,383 140,298 123,728 126,749 128,620 113,291 Arkansas..... 57,989 52,233 59,161 54,065 51,200 54,247 49,809 52,001 57,243 52,965 California..... 845,478 759,025 877,920 778,595 865,213 831,793 816,085 775,156 808,688 764,402 Colorado..... 122,327 117,669 134,977 123,839 130,646 132,705 124,210 125,355 123,841 119,650 Connecticut..... 70,946 66,227 84,589 71,786 73,898 77,470 81,300 67,402 66,409 71,286 Delaware..... 20,397 19,505 23,200 22,394 21,906 24,289 20,984 18,817 20,947 22,426 District of Columbia 26,592 23,480 26,793 24,765 27,063 24,332 21,514 23,153 28,738 25,329 Florida..... 440,522 362,571 417,808 404,527 448,586 448,286 370,546 398,220 419,712 409,980 Georgia..... 204,380 197,155 210,870 214,910 212,882 215,423 195,344 206,776 201,871 199,578 Hawaii..... 24,368 23,639 23,154 27,664 26,011 25,953 25,062 27,020 25,508 23,225 Idaho..... 38,431 35,560 36,170 39,190 40,627 40,220 38,578 39,976 35,182 37,883 Illinois..... 255,104 229,254 268,855 254,225 280,923 275,576 243,415 231,470 248,499 254,352 Indiana..... 134,249 129,707 144,840 138,311 144,007 135,204 125,181 130,048 129,856 131,387 Iowa..... 68,771 63,734 66,021 67,723 73,723 74,300 65,573 64,302 68,074 67,678 Kansas..... 62,377 55,897 62,950 60,969 70,888 67,646 61,303 60,033 64,595 60,301 Kentucky..... 89,347 77,786 86,562 82,611 92,103 86,416 83,376 80,238 81,243 80,087 Louisiana..... 100,019 95,060 103,774 99,254 103,225 103,173 94,395 99,189 99,829 102,496 Maine..... 35,430 30,442 37,089 35,485 34,589 37,779 34,497 35,250 34,301 35,896 Maryland..... 119,515 124,598 137,676 125,059 127,919 132,550 125,093 118,452 129,294 124,842 Massachusetts..... 145,704 145,413 161,032 155,260 153,871 160,961 143,996 137,623 152,522 152,222 Michigan..... 210,533 183,635 221,292 216,561 207,002 228,170 191,162 184,025 191,483 213,459 Minnesota..... 123,644 120,648 137,671 122,151 128,848 132,265 131,091 113,426 123,654 130,063 Mississippi..... 51,744 50,450 55,735 55,347 56,747 52,347 49,877 53,286 57,549 54,639 Missouri..... 122,278 123,242 131,143 128,842 126,065 132,033 129,143 129,992 124,464 122,341 Montana..... 27,841 25,855 26,844 27,113 27,675 29,098 27,670 26,442 24,859 27,566 Nebraska..... 40,153 39,893 44,594 43,235 42,866 46,789 40,899 39,950 42,344 42,597 Nevada..... 68,915 51,824 60,877 54,879 68,041 66,626 65,187 55,657 62,955 58,121 New Hampshire..... 33,650 34,318 36,515 32,944 35,973 36,107 35,737 33,092 33,520 34,008 New Jersey..... 196,657 176,313 224,190 191,225 204,741 210,510 193,790 190,949 197,695 195,727 New Mexico..... 37,662 37,821 40,218 38,901 40,319 42,496 37,739 40,379 40,590 37,219 New York..... 420,489 373,307 460,370 427,213 453,107 428,924 390,777 398,109 410,850 420,427 North Carolina..... 196,885 182,350 203,715 197,026 202,887 213,043 188,187 187,704 193,011 193,221 North Dakota..... 19,816 19,787 20,384 22,672 23,787 19,189 18,824 18,476 17,083 17,984 Ohio..... 234,522 219,390 249,715 240,319 256,936 255,910 228,984 217,712 222,822 246,148 Oklahoma..... 68,999 66,668 74,136 74,038 75,680 76,133 66,249 63,918 75,077 63,113 Oregon..... 89,357 87,342 87,560 93,583 94,073 96,934 87,279 85,849 82,215 91,616 Pennsylvania..... 267,074 249,634 280,379 265,581 280,004 274,524 248,312 234,954 252,791 256,214 Rhode Island..... 23,191 22,628 26,103 24,288 23,465 24,865 21,893 25,469 23,157 25,506 South Carolina..... 85,984 87,466 96,184 91,029 89,047 92,731 82,707 86,190 85,292 84,617 South Dakota..... 19,762 19,139 21,984 20,768 21,260 21,189 21,608 19,021 19,553 19,800 Tennessee..... 121,455 108,572 134,652 122,885 127,894 119,337 111,023 118,770 125,005 112,694 Texas..... 476,502 467,608 492,190 494,933 513,948 484,059 434,114 448,103 449,143 440,853 Utah..... 65,512 63,614 66,317 66,278 70,287 67,768 63,688 63,939 63,404 62,171 Vermont..... 19,496 15,542 17,791 18,480 19,035 18,017 17,756 20,659 16,402 16,968 Virginia..... 166,982 151,244 186,533 173,108 177,916 168,916 162,007 166,993 176,544 167,012 Washington..... 151,742 153,771 156,299 161,355 166,765 181,151 155,633 146,072 145,950 161,011 West Virginia..... 37,101 33,246 37,055 36,236 34,319 34,836 34,478 35,887 33,719 35,458 Wisconsin..... 130,553 125,693 134,910 131,286 137,195 138,015 129,422 121,104 126,228 132,336 Wyoming..... 16,108 17,159 17,405 19,989 18,898 18,573 18,274 17,953 16,365 18,402 Puerto Rico..... 45,647 38,617 37,160 39,838 44,957 41,169 44,755 43,997 40,417 36,329 Virgin Islands..... 2,361 2,632 2,006 2,327 2,249 1,899 1,897 2,825 1,758 1,800 (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.
Table 7. Private sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted Gross job gains as a percent of employment Gross job losses as a percent of employment State (3 months ended) (3 months ended) Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 United States1..... 6.4 5.8 6.6 6.2 6.6 6.5 6.1 5.9 6.0 6.1 Alabama..... 6.0 5.8 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.4 5.8 5.8 6.5 6.2 Alaska..... 10.3 10.6 11.1 9.4 10.3 10.8 9.8 9.2 10.0 10.6 Arizona..... 6.7 5.9 6.2 6.4 7.2 7.1 6.3 6.4 6.5 5.7 Arkansas..... 6.3 5.7 6.3 5.8 5.5 5.9 5.4 5.6 6.1 5.7 California..... 7.2 6.5 7.5 6.6 7.3 7.1 7.0 6.6 6.8 6.4 Colorado..... 6.8 6.5 7.5 6.9 7.2 7.3 6.9 7.0 6.9 6.6 Connecticut..... 5.3 4.9 6.3 5.3 5.4 5.7 6.0 5.0 4.9 5.3 Delaware..... 6.0 5.8 6.9 6.6 6.4 7.2 6.3 5.6 6.1 6.5 District of Columbia.. 6.0 5.3 6.0 5.6 6.1 5.5 4.9 5.2 6.5 5.7 Florida..... 7.3 6.1 7.0 6.7 7.4 7.4 6.2 6.6 6.9 6.8 Georgia..... 6.6 6.4 6.9 7.0 6.9 7.0 6.4 6.7 6.6 6.4 Hawaii..... 5.2 5.1 5.0 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.8 5.5 4.9 Idaho..... 7.8 7.2 7.4 8.0 8.2 8.1 7.8 8.2 7.2 7.7 Illinois..... 5.5 4.9 5.7 5.4 6.0 5.9 5.3 4.9 5.3 5.4 Indiana..... 5.8 5.7 6.3 6.0 6.2 5.9 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.7 Iowa..... 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.7 6.1 6.2 5.5 5.4 5.7 5.7 Kansas..... 6.0 5.4 6.0 5.9 6.7 6.5 5.8 5.7 6.2 5.7 Kentucky..... 6.4 5.6 6.2 5.8 6.5 6.2 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.6 Louisiana..... 6.7 6.4 7.0 6.7 6.9 7.0 6.4 6.7 6.7 6.9 Maine..... 7.4 6.4 7.8 7.5 7.2 8.0 7.3 7.4 7.2 7.5 Maryland..... 6.1 6.4 7.0 6.4 6.4 6.8 6.4 6.0 6.5 6.4 Massachusetts..... 5.5 5.4 6.0 5.7 5.7 6.0 5.4 5.1 5.7 5.6 Michigan..... 6.7 5.9 7.0 6.8 6.5 7.2 6.1 5.8 6.0 6.7 Minnesota..... 5.7 5.6 6.3 5.6 5.8 6.1 6.1 5.2 5.7 6.0 Mississippi..... 6.3 6.1 6.7 6.6 6.8 6.4 6.0 6.4 6.9 6.6 Missouri..... 5.7 5.8 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.2 6.0 6.1 5.9 5.7 Montana..... 8.3 7.7 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.6 8.2 7.9 7.5 8.2 Nebraska..... 5.5 5.4 6.0 5.9 5.8 6.3 5.6 5.4 5.7 5.8 Nevada..... 7.2 5.4 6.4 5.8 7.1 6.9 6.7 5.8 6.6 6.1 New Hampshire..... 6.6 6.7 7.1 6.4 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.6 New Jersey..... 6.2 5.6 7.2 6.0 6.5 6.7 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 New Mexico..... 6.3 6.4 6.8 6.6 6.8 7.1 6.4 6.8 6.9 6.3 New York..... 6.1 5.5 6.7 6.2 6.5 6.3 5.7 5.7 6.0 6.1 North Carolina..... 6.4 5.9 6.6 6.4 6.5 6.9 6.1 6.0 6.2 6.2 North Dakota..... 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.7 8.0 6.7 6.5 6.4 5.8 6.1 Ohio..... 5.6 5.3 6.0 5.7 6.1 6.2 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.9 Oklahoma..... 6.0 5.8 6.4 6.3 6.5 6.6 5.8 5.5 6.4 5.4 Oregon..... 6.8 6.7 6.7 7.1 7.2 7.4 6.6 6.6 6.3 6.9 Pennsylvania..... 5.7 5.3 5.9 5.6 5.9 5.9 5.3 5.0 5.3 5.4 Rhode Island..... 6.1 5.9 6.8 6.2 6.1 6.5 5.6 6.6 6.0 6.6 South Carolina..... 6.1 6.3 6.8 6.4 6.3 6.6 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 South Dakota..... 6.3 6.1 7.0 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.8 6.0 6.1 6.2 Tennessee..... 5.7 5.1 6.3 5.7 5.9 5.6 5.2 5.6 5.8 5.3 Texas..... 5.8 5.7 5.9 5.9 6.1 5.8 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.2 Utah..... 6.9 6.8 7.1 7.0 7.4 7.2 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.6 Vermont..... 8.2 6.5 7.5 7.7 7.9 7.5 7.4 8.8 6.8 7.1 Virginia..... 5.9 5.4 6.6 6.1 6.3 5.9 5.8 5.9 6.2 5.9 Washington..... 6.7 6.9 7.0 7.2 7.5 8.1 7.0 6.6 6.5 7.2 West Virginia..... 6.8 6.0 6.7 6.6 6.2 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.2 6.4 Wisconsin..... 5.9 5.6 6.1 5.9 6.1 6.2 5.8 5.5 5.7 5.9 Wyoming..... 7.8 8.4 8.6 9.8 9.1 9.0 8.9 8.8 8.0 8.9 Puerto Rico..... 6.7 5.7 5.5 6.0 6.7 6.1 6.7 6.5 6.1 5.5 Virgin Islands..... 7.8 8.5 6.5 7.5 7.1 6.3 6.1 9.1 5.6 5.7 (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.
Table 8. Private sector establishment births and deaths, seasonally adjusted Total private (Levels in thousands) Number of Establishments Employment Births Deaths(1) Births Deaths Year 3 months ended Level Rate(2) Level Rate Level Rate Level Rate 2000 March 213 3.4 186 3.0 1,235 1.1 1,125 1.0 June 204 3.3 180 2.9 1,137 1.0 1,058 1.0 September 209 3.3 199 3.2 1,159 1.1 1,160 1.1 December 200 3.2 194 3.1 1,139 1.0 1,105 1.0 2001 March 206 3.3 203 3.2 1,187 1.1 1,303 1.2 June 204 3.2 204 3.2 1,146 1.0 1,226 1.1 September 204 3.2 207 3.3 1,151 1.1 1,219 1.1 December 194 3.1 200 3.2 1,109 1.0 1,142 1.1 2002 March 204 3.2 190 3.0 1,175 1.1 1,089 1.0 June 208 3.3 187 2.9 1,189 1.1 1,080 1.0 September 199 3.1 184 2.9 1,051 1.0 1,023 1.0 December 201 3.1 191 3.0 1,023 1.0 1,021 1.0 2003 March 193 3.0 186 2.9 1,004 .9 1,011 .9 June 191 3.0 186 2.9 964 .9 951 .9 September 193 3.0 179 2.8 954 .9 884 .8 December 200 3.1 180 2.8 998 .9 910 .9 2004 March 207 3.2 180 2.8 1,000 .9 917 .9 June 203 3.1 185 2.8 980 .9 909 .8 September 209 3.2 186 2.8 1,016 .9 953 .9 December 210 3.2 180 2.7 997 .9 894 .8 2005 March 209 3.1 185 2.8 944 .9 852 .8 June 216 3.2 180 2.7 951 .9 841 .8 September 221 3.3 186 2.8 996 .9 884 .8 December 221 3.3 186 2.8 979 .9 846 .8 2006 March 220 3.2 180 2.6 922 .8 743 .7 June 219 3.2 194 2.8 973 .9 843 .7 September 210 3.1 196 2.9 927 .8 837 .7 December 221 3.2 193 2.8 966 .9 809 .7 2007 March 214 3.1 193 2.8 891 .8 764 .7 June 204 2.9 201 2.9 883 .8 851 .7 September 218 3.1 203 2.9 945 .8 840 .7 December 209 3.0 207 3.0 906 .8 831 .7 2008 March 207 3.0 210 3.0 889 .8 809 .7 June 199 2.9 228 3.3 876 .8 936 .8 September 192 2.8 223 3.2 831 .7 882 .8 December 188 2.7 240 3.5 806 .7 952 .9 2009 March 172 2.5 235 3.4 696 .6 844 .8 June 176 2.6 226 3.3 740 .7 831 .8 September 169 2.5 216 3.2 693 .7 793 .7 December 184 2.7 200 3.0 716 .7 745 .7 2010 March 172 2.5 196 2.9 661 .6 667 .6 June 172 2.6 N/A N/A 698 .7 N/A N/A September 182 2.7 N/A N/A 714 .7 N/A N/A December 196 2.9 N/A N/A 771 .7 N/A N/A (1) Values for deaths are not available for the most recent three quarters by definition. See the Technical Note for more information. (2) The rates measure births and deaths as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels or total number of establishments.