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For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) USDL-14-2105 Wednesday, November 19, 2014 Technical information: (202) 691-6553 * BDMInfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/bdm Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS: FIRST QUARTER 2014 From December 2013 to March 2014, gross job gains from opening and expanding private sector establishments were 6.9 million, a decrease of 440,000 jobs from the previous quarter, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over this period, gross job losses from closing and contracting private sector establishments were 6.5 million, a decrease of 94,000 jobs from the previous quarter. (See tables A, 1, and 3.) The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 397,000 jobs in the private sector during the first quarter of 2014. (See tables A, 1, and 3.) The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private business units from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing units and the addition of new jobs at opening units. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing units and the loss of jobs at closing units. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note for more information.) The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses at the establishment level by industry subsector and for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Changes to Business Employment Dynamics (BED) Data | | Data in this release incorporate annual revisions to the BED series. | | Annual revisions are published each year with the release of first | | quarter data. These revisions cover the last four quarters of not | | seasonally adjusted data and five years of seasonally adjusted data. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 5.6 million in the first quarter of 2014, a decrease of 332,000 jobs from the previous quarter. (See tables A, 1, and 3.) Opening establishments accounted for 1.2 million jobs gained in the first quarter of 2014, a decrease of 108,000 jobs from the previous quarter. (See tables A, 1, and 3.) Contracting establishments lost 5.3 million jobs in the first quarter of 2014. This was a decrease of 5,000 jobs from the prior quarter. (See tables A, 1, and 3.) In the first quarter of 2014, closing establishments lost 1.1 million jobs, a decrease of 89,000 jobs from the previous quarter. (See tables A, 1, and 3.) Gross job gains represented 6.0 percent of private sector employment in the first quarter of 2014, while gross job losses represented 5.7 percent of private sector employment. (See tables A, 2, and 3.) In the first quarter of 2014, the number of establishment births (a subset of the openings data, see the Technical Note for more information) decreased by 2,000 to 213,000. These new establishments accounted for 763,000 jobs, a decrease of 48,000 from the previous quarter. (See table 8.) Data for establishment deaths (a subset of the closings data) are available through the second quarter of 2013, when 706,000 jobs were lost at 219,000 establishments. In the prior quarter 633,000 jobs were lost at 185,000 establishments. (See table 8.) During the first quarter of 2014, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in every industry sector except retail trade, transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, and professional and business services. The professional and business services sector, which includes temporary help services, experienced a net decrease of 5,000 jobs. This was the first negative net change in the series since third quarter 2009. The construction sector experienced the largest net change since first quarter 2006, a gain of 88,000 jobs. (See table 3.) Table A. Three-month private sector gross job gains and losses, seasonally adjusted Category 3 months ended Mar. June Sept. Dec. Mar. 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 Levels (in thousands) Gross job gains................ 7,272 7,174 7,051 7,296 6,856 At expanding establishments... 5,648 5,849 5,708 5,956 5,624 At opening establishments..... 1,624 1,325 1,343 1,340 1,232 Gross job losses............... 6,346 6,496 6,583 6,553 6,459 At contracting establishments. 5,187 5,284 5,435 5,335 5,330 At closing establishments..... 1,159 1,212 1,148 1,218 1,129 Net employment change(1)....... 926 678 468 743 397 Rates (percent) Gross job gains................ 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.0 At expanding establishments... 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.2 4.9 At opening establishments..... 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 Gross job losses............... 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.7 At contracting establishments. 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7 At closing establishments..... 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 Net employment change(1)....... 1.0 .6 .5 .6 .3 (1) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. In the first quarter of 2014 firms with 1-49 employees accounted for 53 percent of total net job growth. Firms with 50-249 employees accounted for 34 percent of net job growth. Firms with 250 or more employees accounted for 13 percent of net job growth, its lowest share since third quarter 2004. This quarter is the sixteenth consecutive quarter of positive net employment change for all three major firm size categories. (See tables 4 and 5.) Of the 9.1 million net new jobs created between the second quarter of 2010 and the first quarter of 2014, firms with 1-49 employees contributed 31 percent of net job growth, while firms with 50-249 employees contributed 22 percent, and firms with 250 or more employees contributed 47 percent. (See table 4.) In the first quarter of 2014, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 35 states. California had the largest net employment gain of 88,690 jobs, followed by Texas with 73,529 jobs. (See table 6.) Alaska had the largest rate of gross job gains as a percent of employment at 10.8 percent, above the U.S. rate of 6.0 percent. Pennsylvania had the lowest rate of gross job losses as a percent of employment at 4.9 percent, below the U.S. rate of 5.7 percent. (See table 7.) More Information Additional information on gross job gains and gross job losses is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm. This information includes data on the levels and rates of gross job gains and gross job losses by firm size, not seasonally adjusted data and other seasonally adjusted time series not presented in this release, charts of gross job gains and gross job losses by industry and firm size, and frequently asked questions on firm size data. Additional information about the Business Employment Dynamics data can be found in the Technical Note of this release or may be obtained by e-mailing BDMinfo@bls.gov. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | The Business Employment Dynamics for Second Quarter 2014 are scheduled | | to be released on Wednesday, January 28, 2015 at 10:00 a.m. (EST). | ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Technical Note The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal- state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame. These reports are used to produce the quarterly QCEW data on total employment and wages and the longitudinal BED data on gross job gains and losses. The QCEW is also the employment benchmark for the Current Employment Statistics (CES), Occupational Employment Statistics (OES), and Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) programs and is a major input to the Bureau of Economic Analysis’s Personal Income Accounts. In the BED program, the quarterly QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units. Differences between QCEW, BED, and CES employment measures The Bureau publishes three different establishment-based employment mea- sures for any given quarter. Each of these measures -- QCEW, BED, and CES-- makes use of the quarterly UI employment reports in producing data; how- ever, each measure has a somewhat different universe coverage, estimation procedure, and publication product. Differences in coverage and estimation methods can result in somewhat different measures of over-the-quarter employment change. It is important to understand program differences and the intended uses of the program products. (See table below.) Additional information on each program can be obtained from the program web sites shown in the table below. Summary of Major Differences between QCEW, BED, and CES Employment Measures --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | QCEW | BED | CES -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Source |--Count of UI admini-|--Count of longitudi- |--Sample survey: | strative records | nally-linked UI ad- | 554,000 establish- | submitted by 9.4 | ministrative records| ments | million employers | submitted by 7.5 | | | million private sec-| | | tor employers | -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Coverage |--UI and UCFE cover- |--UI Coverage, exclud-|Nonfarm wage and sal- | age: all employers| ing government, pri-| ary jobs: | subject to state | vate households, and|--UI Coverage, exclud- | and federal UI Laws| establishments with | ing: agriculture, pri- | | zero employment | vate households, and | | | self-employed; | | | including: railroads, | | | religious organiza- | | | tions, and other non- | | | UI-covered jobs | | | -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Publication|--Quarterly |--Quarterly |--Monthly frequency | -6 months after the| -7 months after the | -First Friday | end of each quar- | end of each quarter| of following month | ter | | -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Use of UI |--Directly summarizes|--Links each new UI |--Uses UI file as a sam- file | and publishes each | quarter to longitu- | pling frame and annu- | new quarter of UI | dinal database and | ally realigns (bench- | data | directly summarizes | marks) sample esti- | | gross job gains and | mates to first quar- | | losses | ter UI levels -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Principal |--Provides a quarter-|--Provides quarterly |--Provides current month- products | ly and annual uni- | employer dynamics | ly estimates of employ- | verse count of es- | data on establish- | ment, hours, and earn- | tablishments, em- | ment openings, clos-| ings at the MSA, state, | ployment, and wages| ings, expansions, | and national level by | at the county, MSA,| and contractions at | industry | State, and national| the national level | | levels by detailed | by NAICS super- | | industry | sectors,3-digit | | | NAICS, and by size | | | of firm, and at the | | | state private-sector| | | total level | | |--Future expansions | | | will include | | | data at the county | | | and MSA level | -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Principal |--Major uses include:|--Major uses include: |--Major uses include: uses | -Detailed locality | -Business cycle | -Principal national | data | analysis | economic indicator | -Periodic universe | -Analysis of employ-| -Official time series | counts for bench- | er dynamics under- | for employment change | marking sample | lying economic ex- | measures | survey estimates | pansions and con- | -Input into other ma- | -Sample frame for | tractions | jor economic indi- | BLS establishment | -Analysis of employ-| cators | surveys | ment expansion and | | | contraction by size| | | of firm | | | | -----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------ Program |--www.bls.gov/cew/ |--www.bls.gov/bdm/ |--www.bls.gov/ces/ Web sites | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Coverage Employment and wage data for workers covered by state UI and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) laws are compiled from quarterly contribution reports submitted to the SESAs by employers. In addition to the quarterly contribution reports, employers who operate multiple establishments within a state complete a questionnaire, called the "Multiple Worksite Report," which provides detailed information on the location of their establishments. These reports are based on place of employment rather than place of residence. UI and UCFE coverage is broad and basically comparable from state to state. Major exclusions from UI coverage are self-employed workers, religious or- ganizations, most agricultural workers on small farms, all members of the Armed Forces, elected officials in most states, most employees of railroads, some domestic workers, most student workers at schools, and employees of cer- tain small nonprofit organizations. Gross job gains and gross job losses in this release are derived from lon- gitudinal histories of 7.5 million private sector employer reports out of 9.4 million total reports of employment and wages submitted by states to BLS in the first quarter of 2014. Gross job gains and gross job losses data in this release do not report estimates for government employees or private households (NAICS 814110), and do not include establishments with zero employ- ment in both previous and current quarters. Data from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands are also excluded from the national data. As an illustration, the table below shows, in millions of establishments, the number of establishments excluded from the national gross job gains and gross job losses data in the first quarter 2014: Number of active establishments included in Business Employment Dynamics data at the national level Millions Total establishments QCEW program....................................9.4 Excluded: Public sector.........................................0.3 Private households....................................0.2 Zero employment.......................................1.3 Establishments in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands..............................0.1 Total establishments included in Business Employment Dynamics data.............................................7.5 Unit of analysis Establishments are used in the tabulation of the BED statistics by in- dustry and firms are used in the tabulation of the BED size class sta- tistics. An establishment is defined as an economic unit that produces goods or services, usually at a single physical location, and engages in one or predominantly one activity. A firm is a legal business, either corporate or otherwise, and may consist of several establishments. Firm- level data are compiled based on an aggregation of establishments under common ownership by a corporate parent using employer tax identification numbers. The firm level aggregation which is consistent with the role of corporations as the economic decision makers are used for the measurement of the BED data elements by size class. Because of the difference in the unit of analysis, total gross job gains and gross job losses by size class are lower than total gross job gains and gross job losses by industry, as some establishment gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process. However, the total net changes in employment are the same for not seasonally adjusted data and are similar for seasonally adjusted data. Concepts and methodology The Business Employment Dynamics data measure the net change in employ- ment at the establishment or firm level. These changes come about in one of four ways. A net increase in employment can come from either opening units or expanding units. A net decrease in employment can come from either closing units or contracting units. Gross job gains include the sum of all jobs added at either opening or expanding units. Gross job losses include the sum of all jobs lost in either closing or contracting units. The net change in employment is the difference between gross job gains and gross job losses. The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows: Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero em- ployment in the previous quarter. Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period. Closings. These are either units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter. Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period. Births. These are units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter with no links to the prior quarter, or units with positive third month employment in the current quarter and zero employment in the third month of the previous four quarters. Births are a subset of openings not including re-openings of seasonal businesses. Deaths. These are units with no employment or zero employment reported in the third month of four consecutive quarters following the last quarter with positive employment. Deaths are a subset of closings not including temporary shutdowns of seasonal businesses. A unit that closes during the quarter may be a death, but we wait three quarters to determine whether it is a permanent closing or a temporary shutdown. Therefore, there is always a lag of three quarters for the publication of death statistics. All employment changes are measured from the third month of the previous quarter to the third month of the current quarter. Not all establishments and firms change their employment levels. Units with no change in employment count towards estimates of total employment, but not for levels of gross job gains and gross job losses. Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quar- ters. This provides a symmetric growth rate. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate. Establishment Births and Deaths For the purpose of BED statistics, births are defined as establishments that appear in the longitudinal database for the first time with positive employment in the third month of a quarter, or showed four consecutive quarters of zero employment in the third month followed by a quarter in which it shows positive employment in the third month. Similarly, deaths are defined as establishments that either drop out of the longitudinal database or an establishment that had positive employment in the third month of a given quarter followed by four consecutive quarters of showing zero employment in the third month. Although the data for establishment births and deaths are tabulated independently from the data for openings and closings, the concepts are not mutually exclusive. An establishment that is defined as a birth in a given quarter is necessarily an opening as well, and an establishment defined as a death in a quarter must also be a closing. Since openings include seasonal and other re-openings and closings include temporary shutdowns, the not seasonally adjusted values for births and deaths must be less than those for openings and closings. However, because some BED series do not have many re-openings or temporary shutdowns, as well as the fact that births and deaths are independently seasonally adjusted from openings and closings, there may be instances in which the seasonally adjusted value of the former is greater than the latter. Linkage methodology Prior to the measurement of gross job gains and gross job losses, QCEW records are linked across two quarters. The linkage process matches estab- lishments' unique SESA identification numbers (SESA-ID). Between 95 to 97 percent of establishments identified as continuous from quarter to quarter are matched by SESA-ID. The rest are linked in one of three ways. The first method uses predecessor and successor information, identified by the States, which relates records with different SESA-IDs across quarters. Predecessor and successor relations can come about for a variety of reasons, including a change in ownership, a firm restructuring, or a UI account restructuring. If a match cannot be attained in this manner, a probability-based match is used. This match attempts to identify two establishments with different SESA- IDs as continuous. The match is based upon comparisons such as the same name, address, and phone number. Third, an analyst examines unmatched re- cords individually and makes a possible match. In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, SESAs verify with employers and update, if necessary, the industry, location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a 4-year cycle. Changes in establish- ment classification codes resulting from the verification process are intro- duced with the data reported for the first quarter of the year. Changes re- sulting from improved employer reporting also are introduced in the first quarter. Sizing methodology The method of dynamic sizing is used in calculations for the BED size class data series. Dynamic sizing allocates each firm’s employment gain or loss during a quarter to each respective size class in which the change occurred. For example, if a firm grew from 2 employees in quarter 1 to 38 employees in quarter 2, then, of the 36-employee increase, 2 would be al- located to the first size class, 5 to the size class 5 to 9, 10 to size class 10 to 19, and 19 to size class 20 to 49. Dynamic sizing provides symmetrical firm size estimates and eliminates any systematic effects which may be caused by the transitory and reverting changes in firms’ sizes over time. Additionally, it allocates each job gain or loss to the actual size class where it occurred. Annual Data The annual gross job gains and gross job losses measure the net change in employment at the establishment level from the third month of a quarter in the previous year to the third month of the same quarter in the current year. The BLS publishes annual BED data based on March-to-March changes once a year with the release of the first quarter BED data. The annual data based on over-the-year changes for other quarters of the year are available upon request. The definitions and methodology in measuring annual gross job gains and gross job losses are similar to the quarterly measures. The linkage method considers all predecessor and successor relations that may come about due to changes in ownership and corporate restructuring over the entire year. At the establishment level, some of the quarterly job gains and job losses are offset during the estimation over the year. Therefore, the sum of four quarters of gross job gains and gross job losses are not equal to annual gross job gains and gross job losses. The net change in employment over the year, however, is equal to the sum of four quarterly net changes on a not seasonally adjusted basis. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the levels of employment and the associated job flows undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in the weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal vari- ation can be very large. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence can be eliminated by adjusting these statistics from quarter to quarter. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity, easier to recognize. For example, the large number of youths taking summer jobs is likely to obscure other changes that have taken place in June relative to March, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. The adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to ana- lyze changes in economic activity. The employment data series for opening, expanding, closing, and contrac- ting units are independently seasonally adjusted; net changes are calculated based on the difference between gross job gains and gross job losses. Simi- larly, for industry data, the establishment counts data series for opening, expanding, closing, and contracting establishments are independently adjusted, and the net changes are calculated based on the difference between the number of opening and closing establishments. Additionally establishment and em- ployment levels are independently seasonally adjusted to calculate the sea- sonally adjusted rates. Concurrent seasonal adjustment is run using X-12 ARIMA. Seasonally adjusted data series for total private are the sum of seasonally adjusted data of all sectors including the unclassified sector, which is not separately published. The net over-the-quarter change derived by summing the BED component series will differ from the net employment change estimated from the seasonally ad- justed total private employment series from the CES program. The intended use of BED statistics is to show the dynamic labor market changes that underlie the net employment change statistic. As such, data users interested particu- larly in the net employment change and not in the gross job flows underlying this change should refer to CES data for over-the-quarter net employment changes. Reliability of the data Since the data series on Business Employment Dynamics are based on admini- strative rather than sample data, there are no issues related to sampling error. Nonsampling error, however, still exists. Nonsampling errors can oc- cur for many reasons, such as the employer submitting corrected employment data after the end of the quarter or typographical errors made by businesses when providing information. Such errors, however, are likely to be distri- buted randomly throughout the dataset. Changes in administrative data sometimes create complications for the linkage process. This can result in overstating openings and closings while understating expansions and contractions. The BLS continues to refine methods for improving the linkage process to alleviate the effects of these compli- cations. The BED data series are subject to periodic minor changes based on correc- tions in QCEW records, updates on predecessors and successors information, and seasonal adjustment revisions. Annual revisions are published each year with the release of the first qua- rter data. These revisions cover the last four quarters of not seasonally adj- usted data and 5 years of seasonally adjusted data. Additional statistics and other information Several other programs within BLS produce closely related information. The QCEW program provides both quarterly and annual estimates of employment by state, county, and detailed industry. News releases on quarterly county e mployment and wages and an annual bulletin: Employment and Wages Annual Averages, are available upon request from the Division of Administrative Statistics and Labor Turnover, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20212; telephone 202-691-6567; (http://www.bls.gov/cew/); (e-mail: QCEWInfo@bls.gov). The CES program produces monthly estimates of employment, its net change, and earnings by detailed industry. These estimates are part of the Employ- ment Situation report put out monthly by BLS. The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) program provides month- ly measures of job openings, as well as employee hires and separations. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired in- dividuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and job losses, seasonally adjusted Total private (In thousands) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(1) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 2004 March 470 7,715 6,204 1,511 7,245 5,795 1,450 June 644 7,754 6,235 1,519 7,110 5,639 1,471 September 206 7,633 6,060 1,573 7,427 5,888 1,539 December 757 7,844 6,243 1,601 7,087 5,663 1,424 2005 March 384 7,620 6,131 1,489 7,236 5,801 1,435 June 593 7,774 6,231 1,543 7,181 5,776 1,405 September 677 7,965 6,387 1,578 7,288 5,844 1,444 December 494 7,807 6,252 1,555 7,313 5,948 1,365 2006 March 874 7,797 6,354 1,443 6,923 5,636 1,287 June 371 7,758 6,246 1,512 7,387 6,015 1,372 September 52 7,499 6,061 1,438 7,447 6,097 1,350 December 455 7,740 6,223 1,517 7,285 5,941 1,344 2007 March 549 7,727 6,297 1,430 7,178 5,881 1,297 June 149 7,632 6,222 1,410 7,483 6,079 1,404 September -252 7,318 5,847 1,471 7,570 6,215 1,355 December 299 7,658 6,196 1,462 7,359 6,012 1,347 2008 March -225 7,246 5,834 1,412 7,471 6,102 1,369 June -578 7,254 5,846 1,408 7,832 6,352 1,480 September -944 6,886 5,523 1,363 7,830 6,448 1,382 December -1,809 6,706 5,354 1,352 8,515 7,034 1,481 2009 March -2,716 5,850 4,659 1,191 8,566 7,141 1,425 June -1,667 6,386 5,084 1,302 8,053 6,671 1,382 September -878 6,342 5,131 1,211 7,220 5,856 1,364 December -234 6,640 5,315 1,325 6,874 5,596 1,278 2010 March -263 6,264 5,090 1,174 6,527 5,320 1,207 June 709 6,958 5,679 1,279 6,249 5,087 1,162 September 215 6,678 5,428 1,250 6,463 5,234 1,229 December 585 7,010 5,638 1,372 6,425 5,206 1,219 2011 March 301 6,458 5,286 1,172 6,157 5,021 1,136 June 600 6,936 5,640 1,296 6,336 5,109 1,227 September 824 7,148 5,790 1,358 6,324 5,174 1,150 December 364 6,894 5,546 1,348 6,530 5,253 1,277 2012 March 851 6,953 5,706 1,247 6,102 4,997 1,105 June 607 7,020 5,732 1,288 6,413 5,260 1,153 September 241 6,851 5,559 1,292 6,610 5,430 1,180 December 698 7,107 5,766 1,341 6,409 5,209 1,200 2013 March 926 7,272 5,648 1,624 6,346 5,187 1,159 June 678 7,174 5,849 1,325 6,496 5,284 1,212 September 468 7,051 5,708 1,343 6,583 5,435 1,148 December 743 7,296 5,956 1,340 6,553 5,335 1,218 2014 March 397 6,856 5,624 1,232 6,459 5,330 1,129 (1) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.
Table 2. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), seasonally adjusted Total private (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 2004 March .5 7.2 5.8 1.4 6.7 5.4 1.3 June .6 7.2 5.8 1.4 6.6 5.2 1.4 September .3 7.1 5.6 1.5 6.8 5.4 1.4 December .7 7.2 5.7 1.5 6.5 5.2 1.3 2005 March .4 7.0 5.6 1.4 6.6 5.3 1.3 June .6 7.1 5.7 1.4 6.5 5.2 1.3 September .6 7.2 5.8 1.4 6.6 5.3 1.3 December .4 7.0 5.6 1.4 6.6 5.4 1.2 2006 March .9 7.0 5.7 1.3 6.1 5.0 1.1 June .3 6.8 5.5 1.3 6.5 5.3 1.2 September .1 6.7 5.4 1.3 6.6 5.4 1.2 December .3 6.8 5.5 1.3 6.5 5.3 1.2 2007 March .5 6.8 5.5 1.3 6.3 5.2 1.1 June .2 6.7 5.5 1.2 6.5 5.3 1.2 September -.3 6.4 5.1 1.3 6.7 5.5 1.2 December .2 6.7 5.4 1.3 6.5 5.3 1.2 2008 March -.3 6.3 5.1 1.2 6.6 5.4 1.2 June -.6 6.3 5.1 1.2 6.9 5.6 1.3 September -.8 6.1 4.9 1.2 6.9 5.7 1.2 December -1.6 6.0 4.8 1.2 7.6 6.3 1.3 2009 March -2.4 5.4 4.3 1.1 7.8 6.5 1.3 June -1.6 5.9 4.7 1.2 7.5 6.2 1.3 September -.9 5.9 4.8 1.1 6.8 5.5 1.3 December -.2 6.3 5.0 1.3 6.5 5.3 1.2 2010 March -.3 5.9 4.8 1.1 6.2 5.1 1.1 June .7 6.6 5.4 1.2 5.9 4.8 1.1 September .2 6.3 5.1 1.2 6.1 4.9 1.2 December .6 6.6 5.3 1.3 6.0 4.9 1.1 2011 March .2 6.0 4.9 1.1 5.8 4.7 1.1 June .6 6.5 5.3 1.2 5.9 4.8 1.1 September .8 6.7 5.4 1.3 5.9 4.8 1.1 December .3 6.3 5.1 1.2 6.0 4.8 1.2 2012 March .7 6.3 5.2 1.1 5.6 4.6 1.0 June .6 6.4 5.2 1.2 5.8 4.8 1.0 September .2 6.2 5.0 1.2 6.0 4.9 1.1 December .6 6.4 5.2 1.2 5.8 4.7 1.1 2013 March 1.0 6.6 5.1 1.5 5.6 4.6 1.0 June .6 6.4 5.2 1.2 5.8 4.7 1.1 September .5 6.3 5.1 1.2 5.8 4.8 1.0 December .6 6.4 5.2 1.2 5.8 4.7 1.1 2014 March .3 6.0 4.9 1.1 5.7 4.7 1.0 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and gross job losses as a percentage of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.
Table 3. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, seasonally adjusted Gross job gains and job losses Gross job gains and job losses (in thousands) as a percent of employment Category 3 months ended 3 months ended Mar. June Sept Dec. Mar. Mar. June Sept Dec. Mar. 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 Total private(1) Gross job gains 7,272 7,174 7,051 7,296 6,856 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.0 At expanding establishments 5,648 5,849 5,708 5,956 5,624 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.2 4.9 At opening establishments 1,624 1,325 1,343 1,340 1,232 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 Gross job losses 6,346 6,496 6,583 6,553 6,459 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.7 At contracting establishments 5,187 5,284 5,435 5,335 5,330 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7 At closing establishments 1,159 1,212 1,148 1,218 1,129 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 Net employment change 926 678 468 743 397 1.0 .6 .5 .6 .3 Goods-producing Gross job gains 1,357 1,377 1,333 1,357 1,355 6.8 7.0 6.7 6.8 6.8 At expanding establishments 1,153 1,168 1,120 1,155 1,163 5.8 5.9 5.6 5.8 5.8 At opening establishments 204 209 213 202 192 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 Gross job losses 1,239 1,282 1,261 1,312 1,208 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.6 6.0 At contracting establishments 1,032 1,074 1,064 1,102 1,017 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.1 At closing establishments 207 208 197 210 191 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 .9 Net employment change 118 95 72 45 147 .6 .6 .3 .2 .8 Natural resources and mining Gross job gains 278 288 263 280 288 13.8 14.2 13.1 13.8 14.0 At expanding establishments 238 249 223 243 253 11.8 12.3 11.1 12.0 12.3 At opening establishments 40 39 40 37 35 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.7 Gross job losses 255 274 265 280 253 12.7 13.5 13.2 13.8 12.4 At contracting establishments 217 237 231 243 219 10.8 11.7 11.5 12.0 10.7 At closing establishments 38 37 34 37 34 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 Net employment change 23 14 -2 0 35 1.1 .7 -.1 .0 1.6 Construction Gross job gains 679 668 665 653 673 11.8 11.6 11.4 11.1 11.2 At expanding establishments 550 537 531 526 551 9.6 9.3 9.1 8.9 9.2 At opening establishments 129 131 134 127 122 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.0 Gross job losses 607 621 593 638 585 10.6 10.7 10.2 10.9 9.8 At contracting establishments 481 498 477 511 468 8.4 8.6 8.2 8.7 7.8 At closing establishments 126 123 116 127 117 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.0 Net employment change 72 47 72 15 88 1.2 .9 1.2 .2 1.4 Manufacturing Gross job gains 400 421 405 424 394 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.3 At expanding establishments 365 382 366 386 359 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.0 At opening establishments 35 39 39 38 35 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Gross job losses 377 387 403 394 370 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.0 At contracting establishments 334 339 356 348 330 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.7 At closing establishments 43 48 47 46 40 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 Net employment change 23 34 2 30 24 .1 .3 -.1 .2 .3 Service-providing(1) Gross job gains 5,915 5,797 5,718 5,939 5,501 6.4 6.2 6.1 6.3 5.8 At expanding establishments 4,495 4,681 4,588 4,801 4,461 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.1 4.7 At opening establishments 1,420 1,116 1,130 1,138 1,040 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 Gross job losses 5,107 5,214 5,322 5,241 5,251 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.6 At contracting establishments 4,155 4,210 4,371 4,233 4,313 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.6 At closing establishments 952 1,004 951 1,008 938 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 Net employment change 808 583 396 698 250 .9 .6 .4 .7 .2 Wholesale trade Gross job gains 274 289 279 286 272 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.7 At expanding establishments 225 237 228 237 225 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.1 3.9 At opening establishments 49 52 51 49 47 .9 .9 .9 .8 .8 Gross job losses 253 256 260 251 251 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.4 At contracting establishments 195 201 206 192 196 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.4 At closing establishments 58 55 54 59 55 1.0 1.0 .9 1.0 1.0 Net employment change 21 33 19 35 21 .4 .5 .4 .6 .3 Retail trade Gross job gains 906 948 899 944 877 6.0 6.3 5.9 6.2 5.7 At expanding establishments 783 816 764 818 757 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.4 4.9 At opening establishments 123 132 135 126 120 .8 .9 .9 .8 .8 Gross job losses 876 777 856 835 879 5.8 5.1 5.7 5.5 5.8 At contracting establishments 770 668 755 720 775 5.1 4.4 5.0 4.7 5.1 At closing establishments 106 109 101 115 104 .7 .7 .7 .8 .7 Net employment change 30 171 43 109 -2 .2 1.2 .2 .7 -.1 Transportation and warehousing Gross job gains 210 223 231 283 232 5.0 5.2 5.4 6.5 5.4 At expanding establishments 177 187 197 252 199 4.2 4.4 4.6 5.8 4.6 At opening establishments 33 36 34 31 33 .8 .8 .8 .7 .8 Gross job losses 237 212 210 206 244 5.6 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.6 At contracting establishments 205 178 174 168 210 4.8 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.8 At closing establishments 32 34 36 38 34 .8 .8 .8 .9 .8 Net employment change -27 11 21 77 -12 -.6 .2 .5 1.7 -.2 Utilities Gross job gains 10 14 11 12 14 1.8 2.6 2.0 2.2 2.6 At expanding establishments 9 12 10 11 12 1.6 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.2 At opening establishments 1 2 1 1 2 .2 .4 .2 .2 .4 Gross job losses 12 13 13 16 11 2.2 2.4 2.4 3.0 2.0 At contracting establishments 11 12 12 14 10 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.6 1.8 At closing establishments 1 1 1 2 1 .2 .2 .2 .4 .2 Net employment change -2 1 -2 -4 3 -.4 .2 -.4 -.8 .6 Information Gross job gains 117 135 130 136 122 4.3 5.0 4.8 5.0 4.5 At expanding establishments 98 114 108 113 101 3.6 4.2 4.0 4.2 3.7 At opening establishments 19 21 22 23 21 .7 .8 .8 .8 .8 Gross job losses 120 127 136 123 127 4.4 4.7 5.0 4.5 4.6 At contracting establishments 100 102 114 101 107 3.7 3.8 4.2 3.7 3.9 At closing establishments 20 25 22 22 20 .7 .9 .8 .8 .7 Net employment change -3 8 -6 13 -5 -.1 .3 -.2 .5 -.1 Financial activities Gross job gains 352 368 356 368 324 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.2 At expanding establishments 283 297 283 288 262 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.4 At opening establishments 69 71 73 80 62 .9 .9 1.0 1.0 .8 Gross job losses 328 329 347 356 343 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.5 At contracting establishments 253 256 277 278 269 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.5 At closing establishments 75 73 70 78 74 1.0 1.0 .9 1.0 1.0 Net employment change 24 39 9 12 -19 .3 .4 .2 .2 -.3 Professional and business services Gross job gains 1,280 1,367 1,379 1,455 1,258 7.0 7.4 7.4 7.7 6.7 At expanding establishments 1,047 1,114 1,119 1,187 1,034 5.7 6.0 6.0 6.3 5.5 At opening establishments 233 253 260 268 224 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 Gross job losses 1,191 1,254 1,240 1,256 1,263 6.5 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.7 At contracting establishments 947 989 998 1,000 1,026 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.4 At closing establishments 244 265 242 256 237 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 Net employment change 89 113 139 199 -5 .5 .6 .7 1.0 .0 Education and health services Gross job gains 1,218 842 896 886 827 6.1 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.1 At expanding establishments 686 690 738 725 694 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.4 At opening establishments 532 152 158 161 133 2.7 .8 .8 .8 .7 Gross job losses 753 845 782 781 779 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.8 At contracting establishments 612 674 634 626 640 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 At closing establishments 141 171 148 155 139 .7 .8 .7 .8 .7 Net employment change 465 -3 114 105 48 2.3 .1 .6 .5 .3 Leisure and hospitality Gross job gains 1,218 1,255 1,195 1,209 1,197 8.6 8.8 8.4 8.4 8.3 At expanding establishments 961 979 915 945 942 6.8 6.9 6.4 6.6 6.5 At opening establishments 257 276 280 264 255 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 Gross job losses 1,052 1,112 1,184 1,121 1,075 7.5 7.9 8.3 7.8 7.4 At contracting establishments 856 916 983 914 876 6.1 6.5 6.9 6.4 6.0 At closing establishments 196 196 201 207 199 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 Net employment change 166 143 11 88 122 1.1 .9 .1 .6 .9 Other services Gross job gains 276 289 280 272 280 7.1 7.5 7.2 7.0 7.1 At expanding establishments 218 228 219 214 224 5.6 5.9 5.6 5.5 5.7 At opening establishments 58 61 61 58 56 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 Gross job losses 259 266 271 273 252 6.7 6.9 7.0 7.0 6.4 At contracting establishments 201 209 213 214 197 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.0 At closing establishments 58 57 58 59 55 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 Net employment change 17 23 9 -1 28 .4 .6 .2 .0 .7 (1) Includes unclassified sector, not shown separately
Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses by firm size, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Total private by firm(1) Firm size 1 - 49 employees Firm size 50 - 249 employees Firm size 250 or more employees Year 3 months Net Gross job Net Gross job Net Gross job Net Gross job ended change(2,3) gains losses change gains losses change gains losses change gains losses 2004 March 430 6,306 5,876 153 3,392 3,239 137 1,194 1,057 140 1,720 1,580 June 621 6,471 5,850 169 3,387 3,218 141 1,196 1,055 311 1,888 1,577 September 197 6,243 6,046 88 3,379 3,291 88 1,175 1,087 21 1,689 1,668 December 759 6,494 5,735 274 3,480 3,206 101 1,172 1,071 384 1,842 1,458 2005 March 368 6,320 5,952 66 3,416 3,350 97 1,161 1,064 205 1,743 1,538 June 570 6,435 5,865 243 3,476 3,233 146 1,198 1,052 181 1,761 1,580 September 701 6,672 5,971 218 3,510 3,292 85 1,195 1,110 398 1,967 1,569 December 506 6,406 5,900 169 3,462 3,293 45 1,140 1,095 292 1,804 1,512 2006 March 788 6,433 5,645 334 3,547 3,213 222 1,213 991 232 1,673 1,441 June 375 6,349 5,974 117 3,434 3,317 110 1,190 1,080 148 1,725 1,577 September 43 6,103 6,060 -14 3,329 3,343 27 1,127 1,100 30 1,647 1,617 December 447 6,375 5,928 117 3,393 3,276 74 1,147 1,073 256 1,835 1,579 2007 March 466 6,300 5,834 189 3,451 3,262 99 1,153 1,054 178 1,696 1,518 June 174 6,256 6,082 -31 3,337 3,368 108 1,180 1,072 97 1,739 1,642 September -269 5,891 6,160 -132 3,252 3,384 -53 1,073 1,126 -84 1,566 1,650 December 298 6,254 5,956 8 3,315 3,307 63 1,140 1,077 227 1,799 1,572 2008 March -290 5,806 6,096 -154 3,228 3,382 -14 1,073 1,087 -122 1,505 1,627 June -548 5,855 6,403 -284 3,179 3,463 -41 1,095 1,136 -223 1,581 1,804 September -999 5,498 6,497 -346 3,047 3,393 -151 1,015 1,166 -502 1,436 1,938 December -1,869 5,338 7,207 -695 2,907 3,602 -374 948 1,322 -800 1,483 2,283 2009 March -2,673 4,584 7,257 -991 2,714 3,705 -620 806 1,426 -1,062 1,064 2,126 June -1,767 5,165 6,932 -472 2,948 3,420 -277 953 1,230 -1,018 1,264 2,282 September -933 5,138 6,071 -375 2,822 3,197 -114 930 1,044 -444 1,386 1,830 December -288 5,405 5,693 -155 2,942 3,097 -43 964 1,007 -90 1,499 1,589 2010 March -247 5,097 5,344 -207 2,851 3,058 -6 910 916 -34 1,336 1,370 June 687 5,809 5,122 238 3,096 2,858 207 1,074 867 242 1,639 1,397 September 200 5,497 5,297 24 2,940 2,916 83 996 913 93 1,561 1,468 December 518 5,781 5,263 91 3,048 2,957 95 1,035 940 332 1,698 1,366 2011 March 316 5,344 5,028 87 2,966 2,879 118 965 847 111 1,413 1,302 June 546 5,753 5,207 198 3,077 2,879 175 1,067 892 173 1,609 1,436 September 834 5,948 5,114 260 3,123 2,863 164 1,062 898 410 1,763 1,353 December 320 5,613 5,293 46 2,973 2,927 45 987 942 229 1,653 1,424 2012 March 840 5,767 4,927 373 3,153 2,780 214 1,047 833 253 1,567 1,314 June 602 5,819 5,217 179 3,041 2,862 167 1,080 913 256 1,698 1,442 September 219 5,569 5,350 48 2,951 2,903 47 1,003 956 124 1,615 1,491 December 637 5,766 5,129 176 3,018 2,842 91 1,013 922 370 1,735 1,365 2013 March 1,209 6,350 5,141 294 3,138 2,844 153 1,022 869 762 2,190 1,428 June 656 5,929 5,273 226 3,093 2,867 146 1,081 935 284 1,755 1,471 September 433 5,746 5,313 203 3,050 2,847 55 1,014 959 175 1,682 1,507 December 658 5,897 5,239 130 3,028 2,898 104 1,034 930 424 1,835 1,411 2014 March 445 5,621 5,176 236 3,044 2,808 151 1,026 875 58 1,551 1,493 (1) Total gross job gains and gross job losses by firm are lower than total gross job gains and gross job losses by establishment, as some establishment gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. (3) Net change totals for firm-level data shown differ from the establishment-level data due to independent seasonal adjustment of the series. NOTE: See http://www.bls.gov/bdm/bdmfirmsize.htm for additional firm size class data.
Table 5. Components of private sector gross job gains and losses by firm size, seasonally adjusted Gross job gains and job losses Gross job gains and job losses (in thousands) as a percent of employment Category 3 months ended 3 months ended Mar. June Sept Dec. Mar. Mar. June Sept Dec. Mar. 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 Total private by firm(1) Gross job gains 6,350 5,929 5,746 5,897 5,621 5.7 5.3 5.1 5.2 4.9 At expanding firms 5,379 5,032 4,826 4,988 4,738 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.1 At opening firms 971 897 920 909 883 .9 .8 .8 .8 .8 Gross job losses 5,141 5,273 5,313 5,239 5,176 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.5 At contracting firms 4,282 4,448 4,507 4,394 4,349 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.8 At closing firms 859 825 806 845 827 .8 .7 .7 .7 .7 Net employment change 1,209 656 433 658 445 1.1 .7 .4 .6 .4 Firm size 1 to 49 employees Gross job gains 3,138 3,093 3,050 3,028 3,044 9.8 9.7 9.4 9.4 9.4 At expanding firms 2,200 2,239 2,168 2,158 2,196 6.9 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.8 At opening firms 938 854 882 870 848 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 Gross job losses 2,844 2,867 2,847 2,898 2,808 8.9 9.0 8.8 9.0 8.6 At contracting firms 2,020 2,077 2,074 2,089 2,015 6.3 6.5 6.4 6.5 6.2 At closing firms 824 790 773 809 793 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 Net employment change 294 226 203 130 236 .9 .7 .6 .4 .8 Firm size 50 to 249 employees Gross job gains 1,022 1,081 1,014 1,034 1,026 5.0 5.3 4.9 4.9 4.9 At expanding firms 991 1,044 980 1,003 996 4.8 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.8 At opening firms 31 37 34 31 30 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 Gross job losses 869 935 959 930 875 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.1 At contracting firms 839 907 931 899 845 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.0 At closing firms 30 28 28 31 30 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Net employment change 153 146 55 104 151 .8 .8 .3 .5 .8 Firm size 250 or more employees Gross job gains 2,190 1,755 1,682 1,835 1,551 3.7 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.5 At expanding firms 2,188 1,749 1,678 1,827 1,546 3.7 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.5 At opening firms 2 6 4 8 5 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Gross job losses 1,428 1,471 1,507 1,411 1,493 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.4 At contracting firms 1,423 1,464 1,502 1,406 1,489 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.4 At closing firms 5 7 5 5 4 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Net employment change 762 284 175 424 58 1.3 .5 .3 .7 .1 (1) Total gross job gains and gross job losses by firm are lower than total gross job gains and gross job losses by establishment, as some establishment gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process.
Table 6. Private sector gross job gains and losses by state, seasonally adjusted Gross job gains Gross job losses State (3 months ended) (3 months ended) Mar. June Sept. Dec. Mar. Mar. June Sept. Dec. Mar. 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 United States(1)... 7,272,000 7,174,000 7,051,000 7,296,000 6,856,000 6,346,000 6,496,000 6,583,000 6,553,000 6,459,000 Alabama..... 90,049 88,757 82,579 88,974 84,701 81,301 82,901 85,001 80,202 84,878 Alaska..... 27,242 26,898 24,727 25,599 27,111 24,163 24,928 25,387 26,151 24,286 Arizona..... 128,498 129,657 136,257 142,862 122,710 120,681 123,506 115,847 114,990 127,049 Arkansas..... 54,832 50,289 54,835 56,317 55,241 54,598 56,485 53,002 52,575 48,156 California..... 1,166,123 919,714 898,198 970,775 908,148 772,037 841,331 811,587 826,149 819,458 Colorado..... 136,575 137,234 136,576 138,088 134,852 119,846 120,154 123,433 120,042 117,084 Connecticut..... 72,384 78,837 74,212 72,962 71,412 72,407 67,569 75,904 75,714 70,265 Delaware..... 22,780 22,635 23,073 23,382 22,392 20,486 20,538 21,141 20,578 21,103 District of Columbia 28,099 29,648 28,686 27,767 28,507 25,627 27,357 24,431 26,410 26,428 Florida..... 426,809 460,810 456,824 459,908 429,242 390,972 409,638 399,647 396,853 379,039 Georgia..... 214,470 215,308 218,936 223,857 218,553 187,399 198,514 193,605 191,558 187,662 Hawaii..... 25,699 26,001 27,482 27,361 24,229 23,355 25,229 23,731 22,530 25,768 Idaho..... 41,520 41,423 40,288 43,528 44,986 36,935 38,245 37,011 38,182 38,401 Illinois..... 270,686 284,501 281,978 287,742 282,582 263,191 262,528 276,028 262,299 273,676 Indiana..... 138,301 141,157 137,321 151,123 130,738 130,800 128,881 131,335 126,070 137,774 Iowa..... 72,812 75,519 74,723 75,848 73,265 67,070 67,432 68,754 69,858 69,123 Kansas..... 61,932 67,728 67,027 68,947 62,686 60,431 60,421 62,992 58,995 61,041 Kentucky..... 87,229 86,979 88,456 97,171 91,202 85,389 83,776 81,995 80,834 87,753 Louisiana..... 107,994 99,144 107,860 106,092 106,380 94,756 103,423 94,599 96,483 92,250 Maine..... 32,539 39,323 36,387 34,549 32,803 34,206 31,413 36,208 36,734 34,830 Maryland..... 128,098 127,153 125,548 129,342 120,701 118,838 124,872 123,521 129,324 119,730 Massachusetts..... 179,714 174,667 158,095 155,212 153,255 138,820 143,668 158,148 152,909 146,767 Michigan..... 209,973 216,782 206,945 210,828 193,208 172,890 195,673 200,593 193,392 179,299 Minnesota..... 139,542 139,832 131,274 132,158 122,559 119,002 120,732 127,618 131,154 131,329 Mississippi..... 50,528 50,515 53,106 56,504 49,034 47,449 52,070 49,713 48,189 50,683 Missouri..... 143,382 131,898 128,987 133,406 124,363 123,038 118,164 125,906 123,901 123,281 Montana..... 28,925 28,495 27,406 29,553 25,940 26,603 27,682 26,967 26,617 28,165 Nebraska..... 46,054 46,052 48,324 49,098 46,627 41,044 41,829 43,905 44,342 43,926 Nevada..... 62,838 67,468 61,343 63,969 68,371 54,197 56,571 58,707 53,928 54,147 New Hampshire..... 33,989 36,301 32,195 35,941 30,782 32,135 31,720 34,455 31,262 31,894 New Jersey..... 208,031 212,089 204,129 208,002 191,577 193,656 184,534 201,050 207,528 201,873 New Mexico..... 39,067 42,006 40,743 42,014 38,773 40,186 41,061 40,982 38,594 39,417 New York..... 456,937 473,735 470,406 488,832 453,091 428,513 423,013 443,888 440,138 439,127 North Carolina..... 199,140 207,472 207,989 213,112 196,483 185,492 190,982 189,970 189,004 186,412 North Dakota..... 29,561 25,999 29,955 29,881 31,989 23,504 27,475 24,693 24,992 24,936 Ohio..... 260,387 273,934 247,306 265,643 250,208 244,294 236,207 246,422 236,612 245,509 Oklahoma..... 73,631 78,547 78,989 77,204 76,411 73,800 72,791 70,356 77,423 74,634 Oregon..... 100,352 100,219 100,209 97,663 99,610 85,076 87,322 88,268 92,599 87,208 Pennsylvania..... 269,978 262,626 256,618 267,301 253,643 265,920 253,920 257,811 253,489 242,728 Rhode Island..... 24,725 25,842 24,986 24,474 22,816 23,256 22,624 24,222 22,933 22,863 South Carolina..... 88,040 95,727 93,633 102,061 95,713 84,625 81,179 84,442 82,586 88,987 South Dakota..... 20,956 21,589 20,459 22,932 21,356 20,472 19,037 20,881 20,102 20,435 Tennessee..... 125,348 127,783 125,251 144,253 125,985 116,355 122,329 119,399 110,071 121,089 Texas..... 547,024 535,691 552,753 566,604 553,296 471,555 469,198 485,228 487,463 479,767 Utah..... 75,382 72,975 71,558 77,520 69,642 64,851 67,772 65,955 64,131 63,801 Vermont..... 17,559 18,371 17,608 18,911 16,846 17,070 19,294 18,362 16,542 16,944 Virginia..... 167,240 165,676 173,917 169,315 157,945 160,558 164,885 173,680 165,862 161,816 Washington..... 206,071 178,068 172,308 171,855 165,916 152,477 149,541 159,889 156,542 147,848 West Virginia..... 36,418 34,801 33,802 36,600 35,778 35,139 37,467 35,722 35,915 37,449 Wisconsin..... 127,500 135,981 129,748 131,886 124,346 121,179 123,721 126,892 122,147 121,292 Wyoming..... 18,886 18,299 17,677 20,206 18,391 18,627 19,486 17,452 17,263 17,376 Puerto Rico..... 39,012 41,559 42,140 45,339 35,354 43,543 41,945 45,363 36,188 44,386 Virgin Islands..... 1,635 1,367 1,575 1,497 1,354 1,845 1,878 1,809 1,668 1,662 (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.
Table 7. Private sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted Gross job gains as a percent of employment Gross job losses as a percent of employment State (3 months ended) (3 months ended) Mar. June Sept. Dec. Mar. Mar. June Sept. Dec. Mar. 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 2013 2013 2013 2013 2014 United States(1)..... 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.0 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.7 Alabama..... 6.1 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.3 5.7 Alaska..... 10.9 10.7 9.8 10.1 10.8 9.7 9.9 10.1 10.4 9.6 Arizona..... 6.1 6.2 6.4 6.7 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.5 5.4 6.0 Arkansas..... 5.8 5.3 5.8 6.0 5.8 5.7 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.0 California..... 9.1 7.0 6.9 7.3 6.8 6.1 6.5 6.2 6.3 6.1 Colorado..... 7.1 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.1 5.9 Connecticut..... 5.2 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.2 4.8 5.4 5.4 5.0 Delaware..... 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.3 5.8 5.8 6.0 5.8 5.9 District of Columbia.. 5.9 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.4 5.7 5.1 5.4 5.5 Florida..... 6.7 7.1 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.1 6.4 6.2 6.0 5.8 Georgia..... 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.8 6.5 5.8 6.1 6.0 5.8 5.6 Hawaii..... 5.2 5.2 5.6 5.4 4.8 4.7 5.1 4.7 4.5 5.1 Idaho..... 8.1 8.0 7.7 8.3 8.4 7.2 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.2 Illinois..... 5.6 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.4 5.3 5.7 5.3 5.5 Indiana..... 5.6 5.7 5.6 6.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.1 5.5 Iowa..... 5.9 6.0 5.9 6.0 5.8 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.5 Kansas..... 5.7 6.2 6.1 6.2 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.3 5.5 Kentucky..... 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.5 6.1 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.9 Louisiana..... 7.0 6.3 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.1 6.6 6.0 6.1 5.8 Maine..... 6.8 8.1 7.4 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.4 7.3 7.5 7.0 Maryland..... 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.4 5.9 5.8 6.1 6.1 6.3 5.8 Massachusetts..... 6.4 6.1 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.3 5.0 Michigan..... 6.2 6.3 5.9 6.0 5.5 5.0 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.1 Minnesota..... 6.1 6.1 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.6 5.7 Mississippi..... 5.9 5.9 6.2 6.6 5.7 5.5 6.1 5.8 5.6 5.9 Missouri..... 6.5 5.9 5.8 6.0 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.7 5.5 5.5 Montana..... 8.2 8.0 7.7 8.2 7.2 7.6 7.9 7.6 7.5 7.9 Nebraska..... 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.3 5.9 5.4 5.4 5.7 5.7 5.6 Nevada..... 6.3 6.7 6.0 6.3 6.6 5.4 5.6 5.8 5.3 5.2 New Hampshire..... 6.4 6.8 6.0 6.8 5.7 6.1 5.9 6.5 5.8 5.9 New Jersey..... 6.5 6.5 6.2 6.4 5.9 6.0 5.7 6.2 6.4 6.2 New Mexico..... 6.4 6.9 6.7 6.9 6.3 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.4 6.4 New York..... 6.3 6.5 6.4 6.6 6.2 6.0 5.8 6.1 6.0 6.0 North Carolina..... 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.4 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.6 North Dakota..... 8.3 7.3 8.3 8.2 8.6 6.6 7.6 6.9 6.9 6.8 Ohio..... 6.0 6.2 5.6 6.0 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.6 5.3 5.6 Oklahoma..... 6.0 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7 6.2 6.0 Oregon..... 7.2 7.2 7.1 6.9 7.0 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.6 6.1 Pennsylvania..... 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.2 4.9 Rhode Island..... 6.3 6.5 6.2 6.2 5.7 5.9 5.7 6.1 5.7 5.7 South Carolina..... 5.9 6.3 6.2 6.7 6.2 5.7 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.8 South Dakota..... 6.3 6.5 6.2 6.9 6.3 6.2 5.7 6.3 6.0 6.1 Tennessee..... 5.5 5.6 5.5 6.3 5.4 5.1 5.3 5.3 4.7 5.3 Texas..... 5.9 5.8 6.0 6.1 5.9 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.1 Utah..... 7.4 7.0 6.9 7.4 6.5 6.3 6.5 6.4 6.1 6.0 Vermont..... 7.0 7.4 7.1 7.6 6.7 6.9 7.7 7.4 6.6 6.8 Virginia..... 5.7 5.6 5.9 5.7 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.9 5.6 5.5 Washington..... 8.6 7.3 7.0 6.9 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.6 6.3 5.9 West Virginia..... 6.4 6.2 6.0 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.6 6.4 6.4 6.7 Wisconsin..... 5.5 5.8 5.5 5.7 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.1 Wyoming..... 8.8 8.6 8.4 9.4 8.4 8.7 9.1 8.2 8.1 8.0 Puerto Rico..... 5.7 6.0 6.1 6.6 5.1 6.3 6.0 6.6 5.2 6.4 Virgin Islands..... 5.7 4.9 5.7 5.5 4.9 6.5 6.8 6.5 6.0 6.1 (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.
Table 8. Private sector establishment births and deaths, seasonally adjusted Total private (Levels in thousands) Number of Establishments Employment Births Deaths(1) Births Deaths Year 3 months ended Level Rate(2) Level Rate Level Rate Level Rate 2004 March 207 3.2 180 2.8 1,000 .9 917 .9 June 203 3.1 185 2.8 980 .9 909 .8 September 209 3.2 186 2.8 1,016 .9 953 .9 December 210 3.2 180 2.7 997 .9 894 .8 2005 March 209 3.1 185 2.8 944 .9 852 .8 June 216 3.2 180 2.7 951 .9 841 .8 September 221 3.3 186 2.8 996 .9 884 .8 December 221 3.3 186 2.8 979 .9 846 .8 2006 March 220 3.2 180 2.6 924 .8 748 .7 June 221 3.2 194 2.8 973 .9 841 .7 September 210 3.1 196 2.9 927 .8 836 .7 December 221 3.2 194 2.8 959 .8 804 .7 2007 March 214 3.1 193 2.8 897 .8 771 .7 June 206 3.0 202 2.9 884 .8 850 .7 September 216 3.1 203 2.9 941 .8 836 .7 December 208 3.0 206 2.9 902 .8 825 .7 2008 March 207 3.0 211 3.0 900 .8 817 .7 June 202 2.9 228 3.3 873 .8 934 .8 September 191 2.7 223 3.2 826 .7 877 .8 December 187 2.7 238 3.4 798 .7 941 .8 2009 March 172 2.5 236 3.4 707 .6 853 .8 June 177 2.6 225 3.3 742 .7 830 .8 September 169 2.5 215 3.2 691 .7 783 .7 December 183 2.7 200 3.0 711 .7 731 .7 2010 March 175 2.6 195 2.9 687 .7 671 .6 June 180 2.7 185 2.7 713 .7 649 .6 September 188 2.8 189 2.8 738 .7 693 .7 December 200 2.9 186 2.7 788 .7 685 .6 2011 March 189 2.8 184 2.7 697 .7 615 .6 June 192 2.8 190 2.8 747 .7 678 .6 September 199 2.9 187 2.7 786 .7 672 .6 December 202 2.9 191 2.8 801 .7 750 .7 2012 March 201 2.9 181 2.6 750 .7 607 .6 June 197 2.9 185 2.7 777 .7 664 .6 September 201 2.9 185 2.7 794 .7 684 .6 December 201 2.9 182 2.6 793 .7 675 .6 2013 March 584 8.1 185 2.6 1,092 1.0 633 .6 June 229 3.1 219 3.0 796 .7 706 .6 September 224 3.0 N/A N/A 831 .7 N/A N/A December 215 2.9 N/A N/A 811 .7 N/A N/A 2014 March 213 2.8 N/A N/A 763 .7 N/A N/A (1) Values for deaths are not available for the most recent three quarters by definition. See the Technical Note for more information. (2) The rates measure births and deaths as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels or total number of establishments.