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Economic News Release
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Employer Costs for Employee Compensation News Release


FOR RELEASE 10:00 A.M. (EDT) WEDNESDAY, MARCH 12, 2014                                   USDL-14-0390

Technical information:  (202) 691-6199  NCSinfo@bls.gov  www.bls.gov/ect 
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  PressOffice@bls.gov


(Note: As a result of problems implementing the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification, 
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data for December 2013 and March 2014 contained 
errors in several occupational and industry series. The database and historical listings will be 
updated on September 10, 2014; this news release will not be corrected. For further information 
see www.bls.gov/bls/ecec_correction_091014.htm.)


                    EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION – DECEMBER 2013


Private industry employers spent an average of $29.63 per hour worked for total employee 
compensation in December 2013, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries 
averaged $20.76 per hour worked and accounted for 70.1 percent of these costs, while benefits averaged 
$8.87 and accounted for the remaining 29.9 percent. Total compensation costs for state and local 
government workers averaged $42.89 per hour worked in December 2013. Total employer 
compensation costs for civilian workers, which include private industry and state and local government 
workers, averaged $31.57 per hour worked in December 2013. 

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC), a product of the National Compensation Survey, 
measures employer costs for wages, salaries, and employee benefits for nonfarm private and state and 
local government workers.  


          Introduction of 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)

Beginning with this release, Employer Costs for Employee Compensation estimates are based on 
SOC 2010, rather than SOC 2000. For additional information, see the Technical Note on Page 4.


Paid leave costs in private industry

Private industry employer costs for paid leave benefits averaged $2.05 per hour worked. Private 
industry paid leave benefit costs were highest for management, professional, and related occupations, 
$4.39 per hour worked, or 8.5 percent of total compensation, in December 2013. Costs were lowest 
among service occupations, 57 cents, or 4.0 percent of total compensation. (See chart 1 and table 5.) 
Included in this amount were employer costs for vacations, holidays, sick leave, and personal leave. Paid 
leave benefit costs are often directly linked to wages; therefore, higher paid occupations or industries 
will typically show higher estimates for this compensation component.  

Paid leave costs in goods-producing industries were $2.34, greater than the average for service-
providing industries, $1.99, in December 2013. The average cost per hour worked for paid leave in 
service-providing industries ranged from $4.38 in information to 43 cents in leisure and hospitality.  
(See table 6.)  

Paid leave costs varied widely by establishment size in private industry. Paid leave costs for 
establishments with fewer than 100 workers were $1.45 per hour worked versus $2.10 for 
establishments with 100 to 499 employees and $3.68 with 500 employees or more. (See chart 2 and 
table 8.)

For information on paid leave provisions, see National Compensation Survey: Employee Benefits in the 
United States, March 2013, at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/benefits/2013/benefits.htm.

Legally required benefit costs in private industry

The average cost for legally required benefits was $2.43 per hour worked in private industry (8.2 
percent of total compensation) in December 2013. Social Security comprises the largest legally required 
benefit cost component at $1.39 per hour or 4.7 percent of total compensation. Legally required benefits 
such as Social Security and Medicare are often directly linked to wages; therefore, higher paid 
occupations or industries will typically show higher cost estimates for this compensation component.  
(See table 5.)

Costs for other legally required benefits include Workers’ compensation, which averaged 43 cents per 
hour worked (1.4 percent of total compensation); state unemployment insurance, which averaged 23 
cents per hour worked (0.8 percent); and federal unemployment insurance, which averaged just 4 cents 
per hour worked (0.1 percent). (See table 5.)

Employer costs for legally required benefits varied by occupational group. The average cost per hour 
worked for legally required benefits ranged from $3.53 for management, professional, and related 
occupations to $1.51 per hour for service occupations. The proportion of total compensation represented 
by legally required benefits ranged from 10.7 percent for service workers to 6.9 percent for 
management, professional, and related workers. (See chart 1 and table 5.)

Legally required benefit costs varied by establishment size in private industry ranging from $2.20 per 
hour worked for establishments with fewer than 100 employees to $3.10 for establishments with 500 
workers or more. (See chart 2 and table 8.)

Other benefit categories in private industry

Private industry employer costs averaged $2.45 per hour worked for insurance benefits (life, health, and 
disability insurance), or 8.3 percent of total compensation. In addition to insurance, the other benefit 
categories were: supplemental pay (overtime and premium, shift differentials, and nonproduction 
bonuses), which averaged 85 cents per hour worked (2.9 percent); and retirement and savings, which 
averaged $1.10 per hour (3.7 percent). (See table A and table 5.)  


Table A.  Relative importance of employer costs for employee compensation, December 2013
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Compensation                            Civilian       Private      State and local
  component                             workers        industry       government
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Wages and salaries                       69.0%          70.1%            64.5%
Benefits                                 31.0           29.9             35.5
   Paid leave                             7.0            6.9              7.3
   Supplemental pay                       2.4            2.9              0.8
   Insurance                              9.0            8.3             12.0
     Health benefits                      8.5            7.8             11.6
   Retirement and savings                 4.8            3.7              9.4
     Defined benefit                      3.0            1.6              8.6
     Defined contribution                 1.9            2.1              0.8
   Legally required                       7.8            8.2              6.0
____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________
The Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for March 2014 is scheduled to be released on 
Wednesday, June 11, 2014, at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data on total compensation, wages and salaries, and 
benefits in private industry are produced annually for 15 metropolitan areas. Metropolitan area data will 
be included in the March 2014 news release on June 11, 2014. For further information about 
metropolitan area ECEC estimates see the September 2009 article: “BLS Introduces New Employer 
Costs for Employee Compensation Data for Private Industry Workers in 15 Metropolitan Areas,” at 
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/cwc/bls-introduces-new-employer-costs-for-employee-compensation-data-for-
private-industry-workers-in-15-metropolitan-areas.pdf.

Supplemental tables with occupational, establishment size, and bargaining status series for detailed 
industries are available at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuphst.pdf and 
www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuptc29.pdf.

Relative standard errors for all cost estimates in the most recent news release and supplementary tables 
are available at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuprse.pdf.  

Historical ECEC data are available in three listings, all available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. The first 
historical listing covers data for the March reference periods from 1986 to 2001. These data use the 
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) and Census of Population occupational classification systems.  
The second listing contains data for the March, June, September, and December reference periods from 
March 2002 to December 2003. These data are also based on the SIC and Census of Population 
occupational classification systems. The final listing includes data for March 2004 to the current 
reference period.  These are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and 
Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) systems. 

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request— 
Telephone:  (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service:  (800) 877-8339.

BLS news releases, including the ECEC, are available through an e-mail subscription service at: 
www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm.



                                       TECHNICAL NOTE

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) measures the average cost to employers for wages 
and salaries and benefits per employee hour worked.

ECEC includes the civilian economy, which includes data from both private industry and state and local 
government. Excluded from private industry are the self-employed and farm and private household 
workers. Federal government workers are excluded from the public sector. The private industry series 
and the state and local government series provide data for the two sectors separately.

The cost levels for this quarter were collected from a probability sample of approximately 44,200 
occupations selected from a sample of about 9,100 establishments in private industry and approximately 
9,100 occupations from a sample of about 1,400 establishments in state and local government. 
Comparing private and public sector data


Compensation cost levels in state and local government should not be directly compared with levels in 
private industry. Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work activities 
and occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part of private 
industry work activities but are rare in state and local government. Professional and administrative 
support occupations (including teachers) account for two-thirds of the state and local government 
workforce, compared with one-half of private industry.

Introduction of 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)

Beginning with this release, Employer Costs for Employee Compensation estimates are based on 2010 
SOC.  No substantive changes occurred in occupational coverage for about 90 percent of the detailed 
occupations in the 2010 SOC.  However the detailed occupation Registered Nurses, for which data are 
shown separately in this release, did undergo classification changes.  For information about this and 
other changes see www.bls.gov/soc.

ECEC quarterly publication focus

ECEC news releases are published quarterly, providing estimates on civilian, private industry, and state 
and local government cost per hour worked as well as additional detail on a specific compensation cost 
topic of interest. This quarter focuses on paid leave and legally required benefits costs in private 
industry. Topics of news releases for the upcoming reference periods are as follows:
         *  March 2014—Health benefit costs in private industry
         *  June 2014—Retirement and savings benefit costs in private industry
         *  September 2014—Compensation costs in state and local government

ECEC detailed information and measures

For detailed information on the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, see Chapter 8, “National 
Compensation Measures,” in the BLS Handbook of Methods at: 
www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf.



Table 1.   Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Civilian workers, by major occupational and industry group, December 2013
                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                             Occupational group                                                        Industry group          
                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                     Management,                                             Natural         Production,                                       
                 Compensation                          All          professional,         Sales                             resources,     transportation,        Goods-           Service-    
                   component                        workers(1)           and               and             Service        construction,          and           producing(2)      providing(3)  
                                                                       related            office                               and             material                                        
                                                                                                                           maintenance          moving                                         
                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                  Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent
                                                                                                                                                                                               

                                                                                                                                                                                               
Total compensation.............................  $31.57    100.0   $51.58    100.0   $23.47    100.0   $16.66    100.0   $33.02    100.0   $26.17    100.0   $35.60    100.0   $30.89    100.0 
                                                                                                                                                                                               
  Wages and salaries...........................   21.77     69.0    35.71     69.2    16.52     70.4    11.84     71.1    22.04     66.7    17.16     65.6    23.58     66.2    21.46     69.5 
                                                                                                                                                                                               
  Total benefits...............................    9.80     31.0    15.86     30.8     6.95     29.6     4.82     28.9    10.98     33.3     9.01     34.4    12.02     33.8     9.43     30.5 
                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Paid leave.................................    2.21      7.0     4.14      8.0     1.50      6.4     0.88      5.3     1.89      5.7     1.59      6.1     2.36      6.6     2.19      7.1 
      Vacation.................................    1.08      3.4     1.99      3.9     0.74      3.2     0.41      2.5     0.95      2.9     0.82      3.1     1.24      3.5     1.05      3.4 
      Holiday..................................    0.67      2.1     1.20      2.3     0.47      2.0     0.28      1.7     0.62      1.9     0.52      2.0     0.81      2.3     0.64      2.1 
      Sick.....................................    0.33      1.1     0.70      1.4     0.20      0.9     0.14      0.8     0.21      0.6     0.19      0.7     0.22      0.6     0.35      1.1 
      Personal.................................    0.13      0.4     0.25      0.5     0.09      0.4     0.05      0.3     0.11      0.3     0.06      0.2     0.08      0.2     0.13      0.4 
                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Supplemental pay...........................    0.77      2.4     1.19      2.3     0.49      2.1     0.29      1.8     0.94      2.8     0.93      3.5     1.40      3.9     0.67      2.2 
      Overtime and premium(4)..................    0.24      0.8     0.13      0.2     0.14      0.6     0.16      1.0     0.66      2.0     0.54      2.1     0.56      1.6     0.19      0.6 
      Shift differentials......................    0.06      0.2     0.09      0.2     0.02      0.1     0.05      0.3     0.05      0.1     0.08      0.3     0.08      0.2     0.06      0.2 
      Nonproduction bonuses....................    0.47      1.5     0.97      1.9     0.33      1.4     0.08      0.5     0.23      0.7     0.31      1.2     0.76      2.1     0.43      1.4 
                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Insurance..................................    2.84      9.0     4.25      8.2     2.31      9.8     1.36      8.2     3.06      9.3     2.94     11.3     3.38      9.5     2.75      8.9 
      Life.....................................    0.05      0.2     0.09      0.2     0.03      0.1     0.02      0.1     0.04      0.1     0.04      0.2     0.07      0.2     0.04      0.1 
      Health...................................    2.70      8.5     4.01      7.8     2.22      9.4     1.32      7.9     2.89      8.8     2.78     10.6     3.17      8.9     2.62      8.5 
      Short-term disability....................    0.05      0.2     0.07      0.1     0.04      0.2     (5)      (6)      0.09      0.3     0.06      0.2     0.08      0.2     0.04      0.1 
      Long-term disability.....................    0.05      0.1     0.08      0.2     0.03      0.1     (5)      (6)      0.04      0.1     0.07      0.3     0.05      0.2     0.04      0.1 
                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Retirement and savings.....................    1.53      4.8     2.91      5.6     0.80      3.4     0.68      4.1     1.91      5.8     1.05      4.0     1.80      5.1     1.48      4.8 
      Defined benefit..........................    0.94      3.0     1.79      3.5     0.38      1.6     0.55      3.3     1.34      4.0     0.61      2.3     1.02      2.9     0.93      3.0 
      Defined contribution.....................    0.59      1.9     1.12      2.2     0.42      1.8     0.13      0.8     0.58      1.8     0.44      1.7     0.78      2.2     0.56      1.8 
                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Legally required benefits..................    2.45      7.8     3.37      6.5     1.85      7.9     1.59      9.6     3.18      9.6     2.50      9.5     3.08      8.7     2.34      7.6 
      Social Security and Medicare.............    1.77      5.6     2.78      5.4     1.37      5.8     0.98      5.9     1.86      5.6     1.47      5.6     2.01      5.6     1.72      5.6 
        Social Security(7).....................    1.41      4.5     2.19      4.2     1.10      4.7     0.79      4.7     1.50      4.6     1.18      4.5     1.62      4.5     1.37      4.4 
        Medicare...............................    0.36      1.1     0.59      1.1     0.27      1.1     0.19      1.2     0.36      1.1     0.28      1.1     0.39      1.1     0.35      1.1 
      Federal unemployment insurance...........    0.03      0.1     0.02     (6)      0.04      0.2     0.03      0.2     0.03      0.1     0.03      0.1     0.03      0.1     0.03      0.1 
      State unemployment insurance.............    0.21      0.7     0.20      0.4     0.21      0.9     0.19      1.1     0.27      0.8     0.25      0.9     0.30      0.8     0.20      0.6 
      Workers' compensation....................    0.44      1.4     0.37      0.7     0.23      1.0     0.39      2.3     1.02      3.1     0.75      2.9     0.74      2.1     0.39      1.3 

  1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy excluding households and the public sector excluding the Federal government.
  2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
  3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;  health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation;
accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
  4 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).
  5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  6 Less than .05 percent.
  7 Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 2.   Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group, December 2013
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                      Benefit costs                    
                                                                                                                       
                                                  Total    Wages                                                       
                    Series                       compen-    and                      Supple-           Retire-  Legally
                                                 sation  salaries   Total    Paid    mental  Insuran-   ment   required
                                                                             leave     pay      ce       and   benefits
                                                                                                       savings         
                                                                                                                       

                                                                                                                       
                                                
                                                                         Cost per hour worked
                                                

                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Civilian workers(1)............................  $31.57   $21.77    $9.80    $2.21    $0.77    $2.84    $1.53    $2.45 
                                                                                                                       
              Occupational group                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   51.58    35.71    15.86     4.14     1.19     4.25     2.91     3.37 
        Management, business, and financial....   60.68    41.60    19.08     5.56     2.05     4.44     3.10     3.93 
        Professional and related...............   47.22    32.90    14.32     3.46     0.78     4.16     2.82     3.11 
          Teachers(2)..........................   55.72    39.51    16.21     2.77     0.17     5.38     4.68     3.21 
            Primary, secondary, and special                                                                            
             education school teachers.........   55.21    38.29    16.92     2.42     0.17     6.31     5.13     2.90 
          Registered nurses....................   48.66    33.83    14.83     3.92     1.41     3.92     2.04     3.53 
      Sales and office.........................   23.47    16.52     6.95     1.50     0.49     2.31     0.80     1.85 
        Sales and related......................   22.16    16.65     5.51     1.18     0.49     1.49     0.53     1.82 
        Office and administrative support......   24.23    16.43     7.80     1.69     0.50     2.79     0.95     1.87 
      Service..................................   16.66    11.84     4.82     0.88     0.29     1.36     0.68     1.59 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                             
       maintenance.............................   33.02    22.04    10.98     1.89     0.94     3.06     1.91     3.18 
        Construction, extraction, farming,                                                                             
         fishing, and forestry(3)..............   33.41    21.98    11.42     1.48     0.92     3.04     2.48     3.50 
        Installation, maintenance, and repair..   32.67    22.09    10.58     2.24     0.96     3.08     1.41     2.89 
      Production, transportation, and material                                                                         
       moving..................................   26.17    17.16     9.01     1.59     0.93     2.94     1.05     2.50 
        Production.............................   26.31    17.33     8.98     1.68     1.11     2.91     0.86     2.43 
        Transportation and material moving.....   26.04    17.00     9.04     1.51     0.77     2.98     1.23     2.56 
                                                                                                                       
                Industry group                                                                                         
                                                                                                                       
      Education and health services............   36.05    24.94    11.11     2.55     0.45     3.60     2.08     2.44 
        Educational services...................   44.70    30.56    14.15     2.74     0.18     4.95     3.67     2.61 
          Elementary and secondary schools.....   44.10    29.89    14.21     2.29     0.17     5.37     3.96     2.43 
          Junior colleges, colleges, and                                                                               
            universities.......................   48.63    33.42    15.21     3.92     0.18     4.48     3.60     3.04 
        Health care and social assistance......   30.23    21.16     9.07     2.41     0.63     2.69     1.01     2.32 
          Hospitals............................   40.93    27.20    13.73     3.63     1.17     4.23     1.87     2.83 
                                                
                                                                     Percent of total compensation
                                                

                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Civilian workers(1)............................   100.0     69.0     31.0      7.0      2.4      9.0      4.8      7.8 
                                                                                                                       
              Occupational group                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   100.0     69.2     30.8      8.0      2.3      8.2      5.6      6.5 
        Management, business, and financial....   100.0     68.6     31.4      9.2      3.4      7.3      5.1      6.5 
        Professional and related...............   100.0     69.7     30.3      7.3      1.7      8.8      6.0      6.6 
          Teachers(2)..........................   100.0     70.9     29.1      5.0      0.3      9.7      8.4      5.8 
            Primary, secondary, and special                                                                            
             education school teachers.........   100.0     69.3     30.7      4.4      0.3     11.4      9.3      5.3 
          Registered nurses....................   100.0     69.5     30.5      8.1      2.9      8.1      4.2      7.3 
      Sales and office.........................   100.0     70.4     29.6      6.4      2.1      9.8      3.4      7.9 
        Sales and related......................   100.0     75.1     24.9      5.3      2.2      6.7      2.4      8.2 
        Office and administrative support......   100.0     67.8     32.2      7.0      2.0     11.5      3.9      7.7 
      Service..................................   100.0     71.1     28.9      5.3      1.8      8.2      4.1      9.6 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                             
       maintenance.............................   100.0     66.7     33.3      5.7      2.8      9.3      5.8      9.6 
        Construction, extraction, farming,                                                                             
         fishing, and forestry(3)..............   100.0     65.8     34.2      4.4      2.8      9.1      7.4     10.5 
        Installation, maintenance, and repair..   100.0     67.6     32.4      6.9      2.9      9.4      4.3      8.8 
      Production, transportation, and material                                                                         
       moving..................................   100.0     65.6     34.4      6.1      3.5     11.3      4.0      9.5 
        Production.............................   100.0     65.9     34.1      6.4      4.2     11.1      3.3      9.2 
        Transportation and material moving.....   100.0     65.3     34.7      5.8      2.9     11.4      4.7      9.8 
                                                                                                                       
                Industry group                                                                                         
                                                                                                                       
      Education and health services............   100.0     69.2     30.8      7.1      1.2     10.0      5.8      6.8 
        Educational services...................   100.0     68.4     31.6      6.1      0.4     11.1      8.2      5.8 
          Elementary and secondary schools.....   100.0     67.8     32.2      5.2      0.4     12.2      9.0      5.5 
          Junior colleges, colleges, and                                                                               
            universities.......................   100.0     68.7     31.3      8.1      0.4      9.2      7.4      6.2 
        Health care and social assistance......   100.0     70.0     30.0      8.0      2.1      8.9      3.3      7.7 
          Hospitals............................   100.0     66.5     33.5      8.9      2.9     10.3      4.6      6.9 

  1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy excluding households and the public sector excluding the Federal
government.
  2 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and
instructors.
  3 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of
December 2006.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 3.   Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: State and local
government workers, by major occupational and industry group, December 2013
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                         Occupational group(1)                            Industry group 
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                     Management,          Sales                                          
                 Compensation                          All          professional,          and             Service      Service-providin-
                   component                         workers             and              office                               g(2)      
                                                                       related                                                           
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                  Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent
                                                                                                                                         

                                                                                                                                         
Total compensation.............................  $42.89    100.0   $52.01    100.0   $29.34    100.0   $31.86    100.0   $42.95    100.0 
                                                                                                                                         
  Wages and salaries...........................   27.65     64.5    34.89     67.1    17.61     60.0    18.68     58.6    27.71     64.5 
                                                                                                                                         
  Total benefits...............................   15.24     35.5    17.12     32.9    11.73     40.0    13.19     41.4    15.24     35.5 
                                                                                                                                         
    Paid leave.................................    3.14      7.3     3.50      6.7     2.54      8.7     2.77      8.7     3.14      7.3 
      Vacation.................................    1.17      2.7     1.16      2.2     1.13      3.8     1.19      3.7     1.16      2.7 
      Holiday..................................    0.93      2.2     0.99      1.9     0.80      2.7     0.88      2.8     0.93      2.2 
      Sick.....................................    0.82      1.9     1.04      2.0     0.50      1.7     0.56      1.8     0.82      1.9 
      Personal.................................    0.23      0.5     0.30      0.6     0.12      0.4     0.14      0.4     0.23      0.5 
                                                                                                                                         
    Supplemental pay...........................    0.34      0.8     0.25      0.5     0.20      0.7     0.59      1.8     0.34      0.8 
      Overtime and premium(3)..................    0.18      0.4     0.07      0.1     0.12      0.4     0.40      1.2     0.18      0.4 
      Shift differentials......................    0.04      0.1     0.03      0.1     0.02      0.1     0.09      0.3     0.04      0.1 
      Nonproduction bonuses....................    0.12      0.3     0.14      0.3     0.06      0.2     0.10      0.3     0.12      0.3 
                                                                                                                                         
    Insurance..................................    5.14     12.0     5.64     10.9     4.59     15.6     4.25     13.3     5.15     12.0 
      Life.....................................    0.09      0.2     0.12      0.2     0.05      0.2     0.05      0.2     0.09      0.2 
      Health...................................    4.98     11.6     5.44     10.5     4.49     15.3     4.15     13.0     4.99     11.6 
      Short-term disability....................    0.03      0.1     0.03      0.1     0.02      0.1     0.02      0.1     0.03      0.1 
      Long-term disability.....................    0.04      0.1     0.05      0.1     0.03      0.1     0.02      0.1     0.04      0.1 
                                                                                                                                         
    Retirement and savings.....................    4.03      9.4     4.74      9.1     2.55      8.7     3.47     10.9     4.03      9.4 
      Defined benefit..........................    3.67      8.6     4.25      8.2     2.31      7.9     3.26     10.2     3.67      8.5 
      Defined contribution.....................    0.36      0.8     0.49      0.9     0.23      0.8     0.21      0.7     0.36      0.8 
                                                                                                                                         
    Legally required benefits..................    2.58      6.0     2.98      5.7     1.86      6.3     2.10      6.6     2.58      6.0 
      Social Security and Medicare.............    1.94      4.5     2.37      4.5     1.38      4.7     1.35      4.3     1.94      4.5 
        Social Security(4).....................    1.50      3.5     1.81      3.5     1.09      3.7     1.04      3.3     1.50      3.5 
        Medicare...............................    0.44      1.0     0.55      1.1     0.29      1.0     0.31      1.0     0.44      1.0 
      Federal unemployment insurance...........    (5)      (6)      (5)      (6)      (5)      (6)      (5)      (6)      (5)      (6)  
      State unemployment insurance.............    0.10      0.2     0.11      0.2     0.10      0.3     0.10      0.3     0.10      0.2 
      Workers' compensation....................    0.53      1.2     0.50      1.0     0.38      1.3     0.65      2.0     0.53      1.2 

  1 This table presents data for the three major occupational groups in State and local government: management, professional, and related
occupations, including teachers; sales and office occupations, including clerical workers; and service occupations, including police and
firefighters.
  2 Service-providing industries, which include health and educational services, employ a large part of the State and local government
workforce.
  3 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).
  4 Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
  5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  6 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 4.   Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: State
and local government workers, by occupational and industry group, December 2013
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                      Benefit costs                    
                                                                                                                       
                                                  Total    Wages                                                       
                    Series                       compen-    and                      Supple-           Retire-  Legally
                                                 sation  salaries   Total    Paid    mental  Insuran-   ment   required
                                                                             leave     pay      ce       and   benefits
                                                                                                       savings         
                                                                                                                       

                                                                                                                       
                                                
                                                                         Cost per hour worked
                                                

                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
State and local government workers.............  $42.89   $27.65   $15.24    $3.14    $0.34    $5.14    $4.03    $2.58 
                                                                                                                       
              Occupational group                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   52.01    34.89    17.12     3.50     0.25     5.64     4.74     2.98 
        Professional and related...............   51.01    34.49    16.52     3.13     0.24     5.59     4.70     2.86 
          Teachers(1)..........................   58.72    41.02    17.70     2.89     0.14     6.03     5.45     3.18 
            Primary, secondary, and special                                                                            
             education school teachers.........   58.67    40.48    18.19     2.54     0.17     6.80     5.72     2.97 
      Sales and office.........................   29.34    17.61    11.73     2.54     0.20     4.59     2.55     1.86 
        Office and administrative support......   29.50    17.66    11.84     2.57     0.20     4.65     2.56     1.86 
      Service..................................   31.86    18.68    13.19     2.77     0.59     4.25     3.47     2.10 
                                                                                                                       
                Industry group                                                                                         
                                                                                                                       
      Education and health services............   44.90    30.01    14.89     2.84     0.22     5.30     4.00     2.53 
        Educational services...................   45.56    30.65    14.91     2.69     0.16     5.38     4.17     2.51 
          Elementary and secondary schools.....   44.93    30.27    14.67     2.31     0.17     5.58     4.20     2.41 
          Junior colleges, colleges, and                                                                               
            universities.......................   47.82    32.16    15.66     3.87     0.13     4.66     4.15     2.85 
        Health care and social assistance......   40.75    25.98    14.78     3.78     0.59     4.80     2.96     2.65 
          Hospitals............................   45.66    29.42    16.24     4.34     0.75     5.16     3.19     2.79 
      Public administration....................   40.88    24.41    16.46     3.82     0.58     5.04     4.33     2.70 
                                                
                                                                     Percent of total compensation
                                                

                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
State and local government workers.............   100.0     64.5     35.5      7.3      0.8     12.0      9.4      6.0 
                                                                                                                       
              Occupational group                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   100.0     67.1     32.9      6.7      0.5     10.9      9.1      5.7 
        Professional and related...............   100.0     67.6     32.4      6.1      0.5     11.0      9.2      5.6 
          Teachers(1)..........................   100.0     69.9     30.1      4.9      0.2     10.3      9.3      5.4 
            Primary, secondary, and special                                                                            
             education school teachers.........   100.0     69.0     31.0      4.3      0.3     11.6      9.8      5.1 
      Sales and office.........................   100.0     60.0     40.0      8.7      0.7     15.6      8.7      6.3 
        Office and administrative support......   100.0     59.9     40.1      8.7      0.7     15.8      8.7      6.3 
      Service..................................   100.0     58.6     41.4      8.7      1.8     13.3     10.9      6.6 
                                                                                                                       
                Industry group                                                                                         
                                                                                                                       
      Education and health services............   100.0     66.8     33.2      6.3      0.5     11.8      8.9      5.6 
        Educational services...................   100.0     67.3     32.7      5.9      0.3     11.8      9.1      5.5 
          Elementary and secondary schools.....   100.0     67.4     32.6      5.1      0.4     12.4      9.3      5.4 
          Junior colleges, colleges, and                                                                               
            universities.......................   100.0     67.3     32.7      8.1      0.3      9.7      8.7      6.0 
        Health care and social assistance......   100.0     63.7     36.3      9.3      1.4     11.8      7.3      6.5 
          Hospitals............................   100.0     64.4     35.6      9.5      1.6     11.3      7.0      6.1 
      Public administration....................   100.0     59.7     40.3      9.3      1.4     12.3     10.6      6.6 

  1 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and
instructors.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 5.   Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by major occupational group and bargaining unit status, December
2013
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                   Occupational group                                                            Bargaining unit status        
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                        Management,                                                   Natural           Production,                                            
                 Compensation                           All            professional,           Sales                                 resources,       transportation,                                          
                   component                          workers               and                 and               Service          construction,            and                Union              Nonunion     
                                                                          related              office                                   and               material                                             
                                                                                                                                    maintenance            moving                                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                   Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent 
                                                                                                                                                                                                               

                                                                                                                                                                                                               
Total compensation.............................   $29.63    100.0     $51.41    100.0     $22.96    100.0     $14.11    100.0     $32.63    100.0     $25.94    100.0     $41.54    100.0     $28.48    100.0  
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
  Wages and salaries...........................    20.76     70.1      36.03     70.1      16.42     71.5      10.69     75.8      22.05     67.6      17.09     65.9      24.83     59.8      20.37     71.5  
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
  Total benefits...............................     8.87     29.9      15.37     29.9       6.54     28.5       3.41     24.2      10.57     32.4       8.85     34.1      16.71     40.2       8.11     28.5  
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Paid leave.................................     2.05      6.9       4.39      8.5       1.41      6.1       0.57      4.0       1.74      5.3       1.56      6.0       2.94      7.1       1.96      6.9  
      Vacation.................................     1.07      3.6       2.32      4.5       0.71      3.1       0.28      2.0       0.89      2.7       0.82      3.1       1.51      3.6       1.02      3.6  
      Holiday..................................     0.62      2.1       1.28      2.5       0.44      1.9       0.18      1.3       0.57      1.8       0.51      2.0       0.86      2.1       0.60      2.1  
      Sick.....................................     0.25      0.8       0.56      1.1       0.18      0.8       0.07      0.5       0.17      0.5       0.17      0.7       0.42      1.0       0.24      0.8  
      Personal.................................     0.11      0.4       0.23      0.4       0.08      0.4       0.03      0.2       0.10      0.3       0.06      0.2       0.15      0.4       0.11      0.4  
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Supplemental pay...........................     0.85      2.9       1.56      3.0       0.52      2.3       0.25      1.7       0.98      3.0       0.94      3.6       1.32      3.2       0.80      2.8  
      Overtime and premium(1)..................     0.25      0.8       0.15      0.3       0.15      0.6       0.12      0.8       0.68      2.1       0.54      2.1       0.77      1.9       0.20      0.7  
      Shift differentials......................     0.06      0.2       0.12      0.2       0.02      0.1       0.05      0.3       0.04      0.1       0.09      0.3       0.18      0.4       0.05      0.2  
      Nonproduction bonuses....................     0.54      1.8       1.29      2.5       0.35      1.5       0.08      0.6       0.25      0.8       0.31      1.2       0.37      0.9       0.55      1.9  
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Insurance..................................     2.45      8.3       3.70      7.2       2.11      9.2       0.88      6.2       2.87      8.8       2.86     11.0       5.76     13.9       2.12      7.5  
      Life.....................................     0.04      0.1       0.08      0.2       0.03      0.1      (2)       (3)        0.04      0.1       0.04      0.2       0.08      0.2       0.04      0.1  
      Health...................................     2.30      7.8       3.44      6.7       2.02      8.8       0.85      6.0       2.71      8.3       2.69     10.4       5.41     13.0       2.00      7.0  
      Short-term disability....................     0.05      0.2       0.09      0.2       0.04      0.2      (2)       (3)        0.09      0.3       0.06      0.2       0.16      0.4       0.04      0.2  
      Long-term disability.....................     0.05      0.2       0.09      0.2       0.03      0.1      (2)       (3)        0.03      0.1       0.07      0.3       0.11      0.3       0.04      0.1  
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Retirement and savings.....................     1.10      3.7       2.19      4.3       0.65      2.8       0.22      1.5       1.73      5.3       0.98      3.8       3.23      7.8       0.89      3.1  
      Defined benefit..........................     0.47      1.6       0.82      1.6       0.21      0.9       0.10      0.7       1.12      3.4       0.53      2.0       2.38      5.7       0.29      1.0  
      Defined contribution.....................     0.63      2.1       1.37      2.7       0.44      1.9       0.12      0.8       0.62      1.9       0.45      1.7       0.85      2.0       0.61      2.1  
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
    Legally required benefits..................     2.43      8.2       3.53      6.9       1.85      8.0       1.51     10.7       3.25     10.0       2.50      9.7       3.46      8.3       2.33      8.2  
      Social Security and Medicare.............     1.73      5.9       2.94      5.7       1.37      6.0       0.92      6.5       1.88      5.8       1.47      5.6       2.16      5.2       1.69      5.9  
        Social Security(4).....................     1.39      4.7       2.34      4.5       1.10      4.8       0.74      5.3       1.52      4.7       1.18      4.6       1.74      4.2       1.36      4.8  
        Medicare...............................     0.34      1.2       0.60      1.2       0.27      1.2       0.17      1.2       0.36      1.1       0.28      1.1       0.42      1.0       0.34      1.2  
      Federal unemployment insurance...........     0.04      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.04      0.2       0.04      0.3       0.03      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1  
      State unemployment insurance.............     0.23      0.8       0.23      0.5       0.22      0.9       0.20      1.4       0.29      0.9       0.25      1.0       0.31      0.8       0.22      0.8  
      Workers' compensation....................     0.43      1.4       0.32      0.6       0.22      1.0       0.35      2.4       1.05      3.2       0.75      2.9       0.95      2.3       0.37      1.3  

  1 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  3 Less than .05 percent.
  4 Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 6.   Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by major industry group, December 2013
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                     Goods-producing(1)                                                                                           Service-providing(2)                                                                     
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                    All                Trade,                                                   Professional         Education            Leisure                          
                 Compensation                        All goods-         Construction       Manufacturing          service-        transportation,       Information          Financial              and                 and                 and            Other services  
                   component                        producing(1)                                                providing(2)            and                                  activities           business             health           hospitality                        
                                                                                                                                     utilities                                                    services            services                                             
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                   Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
Total compensation.............................   $35.57    100.0     $34.82    100.0     $35.14    100.0     $28.44    100.0     $24.81    100.0     $47.97    100.0     $41.54    100.0     $35.54    100.0     $30.95    100.0     $12.84    100.0     $25.56    100.0  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
  Wages and salaries...........................    23.60     66.3      24.03     69.0      22.95     65.3      20.20     71.0      17.50     70.5      31.88     66.5      27.81     67.0      25.53     71.9      22.02     71.1      10.08     78.5      18.45     72.2  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
  Total benefits...............................    11.97     33.7      10.79     31.0      12.19     34.7       8.25     29.0       7.31     29.5      16.08     33.5      13.73     33.0      10.00     28.1       8.93     28.9       2.76     21.5       7.11     27.8  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
    Paid leave.................................     2.34      6.6       1.51      4.3       2.65      7.5       1.99      7.0       1.50      6.0       4.38      9.1       3.46      8.3       2.65      7.5       2.38      7.7       0.43      3.4       1.53      6.0  
      Vacation.................................     1.24      3.5       0.78      2.3       1.40      4.0       1.03      3.6       0.80      3.2       2.28      4.8       1.78      4.3       1.38      3.9       1.20      3.9       0.24      1.9       0.72      2.8  
      Holiday..................................     0.81      2.3       0.53      1.5       0.91      2.6       0.59      2.1       0.44      1.8       1.11      2.3       1.01      2.4       0.82      2.3       0.68      2.2       0.13      1.0       0.52      2.0  
      Sick.....................................     0.21      0.6       0.13      0.4       0.24      0.7       0.26      0.9       0.19      0.8       0.53      1.1       0.48      1.2       0.31      0.9       0.35      1.1       0.05      0.4       0.21      0.8  
      Personal.................................     0.08      0.2       0.06      0.2       0.09      0.3       0.11      0.4       0.07      0.3       0.46      1.0       0.18      0.4       0.14      0.4       0.15      0.5       0.02      0.2       0.08      0.3  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
    Supplemental pay...........................     1.41      4.0       1.01      2.9       1.51      4.3       0.73      2.6       0.56      2.3       1.71      3.6       2.26      5.4       0.93      2.6       0.58      1.9       0.15      1.2       0.31      1.2  
      Overtime and premium(3)..................     0.56      1.6       0.59      1.7       0.52      1.5       0.19      0.7       0.26      1.1       0.33      0.7       0.15      0.4       0.16      0.5       0.19      0.6       0.07      0.6       0.12      0.5  
      Shift differentials......................     0.08      0.2      (4)       (5)        0.12      0.3       0.06      0.2       0.02      0.1       0.06      0.1       0.02     (5)        0.02      0.1       0.20      0.6      (4)       (5)        0.02      0.1  
      Nonproduction bonuses....................     0.77      2.2       0.41      1.2       0.87      2.5       0.49      1.7       0.28      1.1       1.32      2.7       2.09      5.0       0.75      2.1       0.20      0.6       0.07      0.6       0.17      0.7  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
    Insurance..................................     3.36      9.5       2.70      7.7       3.63     10.3       2.26      8.0       2.20      8.9       4.78     10.0       3.55      8.5       2.41      6.8       2.62      8.5       0.63      4.9       1.95      7.6  
      Life.....................................     0.07      0.2       0.04      0.1       0.06      0.2       0.04      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.06      0.1       0.05      0.1       0.05      0.1       0.04      0.1      (4)       (5)        0.03      0.1  
      Health...................................     3.16      8.9       2.57      7.4       3.41      9.7       2.13      7.5       2.08      8.4       4.42      9.2       3.32      8.0       2.24      6.3       2.50      8.1       0.61      4.7       1.87      7.3  
      Short-term disability....................     0.08      0.2       0.06      0.2       0.09      0.3       0.05      0.2       0.03      0.1       0.23      0.5       0.12      0.3       0.06      0.2       0.04      0.1      (4)       (5)        0.03      0.1  
      Long-term disability.....................     0.05      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.06      0.2       0.04      0.2       0.05      0.2       0.07      0.2       0.06      0.2       0.06      0.2       0.05      0.2      (4)       (5)        0.02      0.1  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
    Retirement and savings.....................     1.77      5.0       1.95      5.6       1.57      4.5       0.97      3.4       0.89      3.6       1.91      4.0       1.70      4.1       1.24      3.5       0.97      3.1       0.17      1.3       1.09      4.3  
      Defined benefit..........................     0.98      2.8       1.25      3.6       0.79      2.3       0.37      1.3       0.43      1.7       0.63      1.3       0.48      1.2       0.46      1.3       0.28      0.9       0.07      0.6       0.62      2.4  
      Defined contribution.....................     0.79      2.2       0.69      2.0       0.78      2.2       0.60      2.1       0.46      1.8       1.29      2.7       1.22      2.9       0.77      2.2       0.69      2.2       0.09      0.7       0.47      1.8  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
    Legally required benefits..................     3.09      8.7       3.63     10.4       2.83      8.1       2.29      8.1       2.17      8.7       3.30      6.9       2.76      6.7       2.77      7.8       2.38      7.7       1.38     10.8       2.23      8.7  
      Social Security and Medicare.............     2.01      5.6       1.99      5.7       1.99      5.6       1.68      5.9       1.44      5.8       2.75      5.7       2.30      5.5       2.09      5.9       1.84      6.0       0.88      6.8       1.53      6.0  
        Social Security(6).....................     1.62      4.5       1.60      4.6       1.60      4.5       1.35      4.7       1.16      4.7       2.20      4.6       1.81      4.4       1.68      4.7       1.48      4.8       0.71      5.5       1.24      4.8  
        Medicare...............................     0.39      1.1       0.38      1.1       0.39      1.1       0.33      1.2       0.28      1.1       0.55      1.1       0.48      1.2       0.42      1.2       0.36      1.2       0.17      1.3       0.29      1.2  
      Federal unemployment insurance...........     0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.2       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.05      0.4       0.03      0.1  
      State unemployment insurance.............     0.30      0.8       0.38      1.1       0.27      0.8       0.21      0.8       0.20      0.8       0.24      0.5       0.24      0.6       0.26      0.7       0.19      0.6       0.20      1.5       0.26      1.0  
      Workers' compensation....................     0.75      2.1       1.23      3.5       0.54      1.5       0.36      1.3       0.48      2.0       0.29      0.6       0.19      0.5       0.38      1.1       0.32      1.0       0.26      2.0       0.40      1.6  

  1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
  2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste
services; educational services;  health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
  3 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).
  4 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  5 Less than .05 percent.
  6 Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 7.   Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by census region and division, December 2013
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                   Census region and division(1)                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                     Northeast                Northeast divisions                  South                              South divisions                             Midwest                  Midwest divisions                    West                     West divisions            
                 Compensation                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
                   component                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                        New England       Middle Atlantic                          South Atlantic    East South Central  West South Central                      East North Central  West North Central                           Mountain            Pacific      
                                                   Cost    Percent                                             Cost    Percent                                                                 Cost    Percent                                             Cost    Percent                                         
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                       Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent                         Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent                         Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent                         Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
Total compensation.............................   $33.87    100.0     $34.40    100.0     $33.67    100.0     $26.93    100.0     $27.75    100.0     $24.27    100.0     $26.80    100.0      28.44    100.0      28.74    100.0      27.83    100.0      31.44    100.0      28.73    100.0      32.71    100.0  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  Wages and salaries...........................    23.25     68.7      24.05     69.9      22.95     68.2      19.20     71.3      19.81     71.4      17.24     71.1      19.08     71.2      19.84     69.7      19.92     69.3      19.67     70.7      22.05     70.1      20.38     70.9      22.83     69.8  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  Total benefits...............................    10.61     31.3      10.35     30.1      10.71     31.8       7.73     28.7       7.94     28.6       7.02     28.9       7.71     28.8       8.61     30.3       8.82     30.7       8.15     29.3       9.39     29.9       8.36     29.1       9.88     30.2  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
    Paid leave.................................     2.51      7.4       2.39      7.0       2.55      7.6       1.81      6.7       1.94      7.0       1.58      6.5       1.71      6.4       1.95      6.8       1.95      6.8       1.95      7.0       2.13      6.8       1.93      6.7       2.23      6.8  
      Vacation.................................     1.26      3.7       1.22      3.5       1.28      3.8       0.94      3.5       1.01      3.6       0.81      3.4       0.88      3.3       1.05      3.7       1.05      3.7       1.06      3.8       1.11      3.5       1.05      3.7       1.14      3.5  
      Holiday..................................     0.74      2.2       0.74      2.1       0.75      2.2       0.56      2.1       0.59      2.1       0.51      2.1       0.55      2.0       0.59      2.1       0.60      2.1       0.59      2.1       0.65      2.1       0.53      1.8       0.70      2.1  
      Sick.....................................     0.34      1.0       0.29      0.9       0.35      1.0       0.22      0.8       0.23      0.8       0.17      0.7       0.21      0.8       0.21      0.7       0.20      0.7       0.22      0.8       0.28      0.9       0.24      0.8       0.31      0.9  
      Personal.................................     0.17      0.5       0.14      0.4       0.18      0.5       0.10      0.4       0.11      0.4       0.08      0.3       0.09      0.3       0.09      0.3       0.10      0.3       0.08      0.3       0.09      0.3       0.11      0.4       0.08      0.3  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
    Supplemental pay...........................     1.06      3.1       1.10      3.2       1.05      3.1       0.78      2.9       0.71      2.6       0.68      2.8       0.94      3.5       0.74      2.6       0.81      2.8       0.60      2.2       0.87      2.8       0.93      3.2       0.84      2.6  
      Overtime and premium(2)..................     0.24      0.7       0.24      0.7       0.25      0.7       0.28      1.0       0.24      0.9       0.31      1.3       0.32      1.2       0.24      0.9       0.27      0.9       0.20      0.7       0.21      0.7       0.21      0.7       0.22      0.7  
      Shift differentials......................     0.08      0.2       0.10      0.3       0.07      0.2       0.06      0.2       0.06      0.2       0.05      0.2       0.05      0.2       0.07      0.2       0.07      0.3       0.05      0.2       0.05      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.05      0.2  
      Nonproduction bonuses....................     0.74      2.2       0.76      2.2       0.73      2.2       0.45      1.7       0.41      1.5       0.32      1.3       0.57      2.1       0.43      1.5       0.47      1.6       0.36      1.3       0.61      1.9       0.69      2.4       0.57      1.8  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
    Insurance..................................     2.96      8.7       2.73      7.9       3.04      9.0       2.08      7.7       2.13      7.7       2.02      8.3       2.00      7.5       2.55      9.0       2.64      9.2       2.38      8.5       2.45      7.8       2.11      7.3       2.61      8.0  
      Life.....................................     0.05      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.05      0.2       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.2       0.05      0.2       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.04      0.1  
      Health...................................     2.77      8.2       2.57      7.5       2.84      8.4       1.95      7.2       2.00      7.2       1.88      7.8       1.88      7.0       2.41      8.5       2.49      8.7       2.24      8.1       2.34      7.4       1.99      6.9       2.50      7.6  
      Short-term disability....................     0.09      0.3       0.07      0.2       0.10      0.3       0.05      0.2       0.05      0.2       0.05      0.2       0.04      0.1       0.06      0.2       0.06      0.2       0.05      0.2       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.04      0.1  
      Long-term disability.....................     0.05      0.2       0.05      0.2       0.06      0.2       0.04      0.2       0.04      0.2       0.04      0.2       0.04      0.1       0.05      0.2       0.05      0.2       0.04      0.2       0.04      0.1       0.05      0.2       0.04      0.1  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
    Retirement and savings.....................     1.31      3.9       1.36      3.9       1.29      3.8       0.92      3.4       0.96      3.5       0.74      3.0       0.93      3.5       1.03      3.6       1.06      3.7       0.98      3.5       1.28      4.1       1.11      3.9       1.35      4.1  
      Defined benefit..........................     0.58      1.7       0.60      1.7       0.57      1.7       0.36      1.3       0.37      1.3       0.31      1.3       0.37      1.4       0.44      1.6       0.50      1.7       0.33      1.2       0.59      1.9       0.36      1.3       0.69      2.1  
      Defined contribution.....................     0.73      2.2       0.76      2.2       0.72      2.1       0.56      2.1       0.59      2.1       0.43      1.8       0.56      2.1       0.59      2.1       0.56      2.0       0.65      2.3       0.69      2.2       0.75      2.6       0.66      2.0  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
    Legally required benefits..................     2.78      8.2       2.77      8.1       2.78      8.3       2.14      8.0       2.20      7.9       2.00      8.3       2.12      7.9       2.33      8.2       2.37      8.2       2.25      8.1       2.66      8.5       2.28      7.9       2.84      8.7  
      Social Security and Medicare.............     1.94      5.7       2.00      5.8       1.91      5.7       1.62      6.0       1.66      6.0       1.48      6.1       1.61      6.0       1.67      5.9       1.68      5.8       1.65      5.9       1.82      5.8       1.68      5.8       1.88      5.8  
        Social Security(3).....................     1.55      4.6       1.60      4.7       1.53      4.5       1.30      4.8       1.34      4.8       1.19      4.9       1.30      4.8       1.34      4.7       1.35      4.7       1.32      4.8       1.45      4.6       1.34      4.7       1.51      4.6  
        Medicare...............................     0.39      1.1       0.40      1.2       0.39      1.1       0.32      1.2       0.33      1.2       0.28      1.2       0.32      1.2       0.33      1.1       0.33      1.1       0.32      1.2       0.36      1.2       0.34      1.2       0.37      1.1  
      Federal unemployment insurance...........     0.04      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.04      0.1  
      State unemployment insurance.............     0.33      1.0       0.33      1.0       0.32      1.0       0.16      0.6       0.17      0.6       0.14      0.6       0.16      0.6       0.23      0.8       0.24      0.8       0.21      0.8       0.25      0.8       0.19      0.7       0.27      0.8  
      Workers' compensation....................     0.48      1.4       0.41      1.2       0.51      1.5       0.33      1.2       0.33      1.2       0.36      1.5       0.33      1.2       0.39      1.4       0.41      1.4       0.36      1.3       0.56      1.8       0.38      1.3       0.64      2.0  

  1 The States that comprise the census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska,
North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
  2 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).
  3 Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 8.   Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by establishment employment
size, December 2013
                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                        1-99 workers                                            100 workers or more                    
                                                                                                                                                                       
                 Compensation                                                                                                                                          
                   component                        1-99 workers        1-49 workers       50-99 workers    100 workers or more   100-499 workers   500 workers or more
                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                   Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent 
                                                                                                                                                                       

                                                                                                                                                                       
Total compensation.............................   $24.69    100.0     $23.78    100.0     $27.51    100.0     $35.29    100.0     $29.56    100.0     $43.65    100.0  
                                                                                                                                                                       
  Wages and salaries...........................    18.20     73.7      17.71     74.5      19.73     71.7      23.70     67.1      20.43     69.1      28.46     65.2  
                                                                                                                                                                       
  Total benefits...............................     6.49     26.3       6.07     25.5       7.78     28.3      11.59     32.9       9.12     30.9      15.19     34.8  
                                                                                                                                                                       
    Paid leave.................................     1.45      5.9       1.34      5.6       1.79      6.5       2.74      7.8       2.10      7.1       3.68      8.4  
      Vacation.................................     0.74      3.0       0.68      2.8       0.94      3.4       1.44      4.1       1.10      3.7       1.93      4.4  
      Holiday..................................     0.46      1.9       0.44      1.8       0.55      2.0       0.81      2.3       0.64      2.1       1.06      2.4  
      Sick.....................................     0.17      0.7       0.16      0.7       0.20      0.7       0.35      1.0       0.24      0.8       0.50      1.1  
      Personal.................................     0.07      0.3       0.06      0.3       0.10      0.4       0.15      0.4       0.12      0.4       0.19      0.4  
                                                                                                                                                                       
    Supplemental pay...........................     0.53      2.2       0.49      2.1       0.65      2.4       1.21      3.4       0.80      2.7       1.80      4.1  
      Overtime and premium(1)..................     0.18      0.7       0.16      0.7       0.24      0.9       0.33      0.9       0.30      1.0       0.38      0.9  
      Shift differentials......................    (2)       (3)       (2)       (3)        0.03      0.1       0.12      0.3       0.06      0.2       0.20      0.4  
      Nonproduction bonuses....................     0.34      1.4       0.33      1.4       0.38      1.4       0.76      2.2       0.44      1.5       1.22      2.8  
                                                                                                                                                                       
    Insurance..................................     1.70      6.9       1.57      6.6       2.07      7.5       3.30      9.4       2.68      9.1       4.22      9.7  
      Life.....................................     0.03      0.1       0.02      0.1       0.04      0.2       0.05      0.2       0.05      0.2       0.06      0.1  
      Health...................................     1.61      6.5       1.50      6.3       1.95      7.1       3.10      8.8       2.51      8.5       3.95      9.0  
      Short-term disability....................     0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.04      0.1       0.08      0.2       0.06      0.2       0.11      0.2  
      Long-term disability.....................     0.03      0.1       0.02      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.07      0.2       0.05      0.2       0.10      0.2  
                                                                                                                                                                       
    Retirement and savings.....................     0.62      2.5       0.52      2.2       0.92      3.3       1.65      4.7       1.14      3.9       2.39      5.5  
      Defined benefit..........................     0.22      0.9       0.18      0.7       0.36      1.3       0.76      2.1       0.47      1.6       1.17      2.7  
      Defined contribution.....................     0.40      1.6       0.35      1.5       0.56      2.0       0.89      2.5       0.67      2.3       1.22      2.8  
                                                                                                                                                                       
    Legally required benefits..................     2.20      8.9       2.15      9.0       2.35      8.6       2.69      7.6       2.41      8.1       3.10      7.1  
      Social Security and Medicare.............     1.50      6.1       1.46      6.1       1.63      5.9       2.01      5.7       1.72      5.8       2.43      5.6  
        Social Security(4).....................     1.21      4.9       1.17      4.9       1.31      4.7       1.61      4.6       1.38      4.7       1.94      4.4  
        Medicare...............................     0.29      1.2       0.28      1.2       0.32      1.2       0.40      1.1       0.34      1.1       0.49      1.1  
      Federal unemployment insurance...........     0.04      0.2       0.04      0.2       0.04      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.1  
      State unemployment insurance.............     0.23      0.9       0.23      1.0       0.24      0.9       0.23      0.6       0.23      0.8       0.23      0.5  
      Workers' compensation....................     0.43      1.7       0.42      1.8       0.45      1.6       0.42      1.2       0.43      1.4       0.42      1.0  

  1 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  3 Less than .05 percent.
  4 Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 9.   Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private
industry workers, goods-producing and service-providing industries, by occupational group, December 2013
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                            Benefit costs                    
                                                                                                                             
                                                        Total    Wages                                                       
                       Series                          compen-    and                      Supple-           Retire-  Legally
                                                       sation  salaries   Total    Paid    mental  Insuran-   ment   required
                                                                                   leave     pay      ce       and   benefits
                                                                                                             savings         
                                                                                                                             

                                                                                                                             
                                                      
                                                                               Cost per hour worked
                                                      

                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
All workers in private industry......................  $29.63   $20.76    $8.87    $2.05    $0.85    $2.45    $1.10    $2.43 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   51.41    36.03    15.37     4.39     1.56     3.70     2.19     3.53 
        Management, business, and financial..........   61.25    42.35    18.90     5.59     2.33     4.20     2.80     3.98 
        Professional and related.....................   45.19    32.04    13.14     3.64     1.07     3.39     1.81     3.24 
      Sales and office...............................   22.96    16.42     6.54     1.41     0.52     2.11     0.65     1.85 
        Sales and related............................   22.13    16.65     5.47     1.17     0.49     1.47     0.52     1.82 
        Office and administrative support............   23.51    16.27     7.24     1.57     0.54     2.54     0.73     1.87 
      Service........................................   14.11    10.69     3.41     0.57     0.25     0.88     0.22     1.51 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                   
       maintenance...................................   32.63    22.05    10.57     1.74     0.98     2.87     1.73     3.25 
        Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,                                                                          
         and forestry(1).............................   33.12    22.10    11.01     1.29     0.96     2.84     2.30     3.63 
        Installation, maintenance, and repair........   32.21    22.01    10.19     2.13     0.99     2.89     1.25     2.93 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   25.94    17.09     8.85     1.56     0.94     2.86     0.98     2.50 
        Production...................................   26.11    17.24     8.87     1.65     1.11     2.87     0.82     2.42 
        Transportation and material moving...........   25.77    16.95     8.82     1.47     0.79     2.85     1.13     2.58 
                                                                                                                             
    All workers, goods-producing industries(2).......   35.57    23.60    11.97     2.34     1.41     3.36     1.77     3.09 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   63.41    42.59    20.82     5.44     2.67     4.61     3.86     4.23 
      Sales and office...............................   29.24    20.36     8.87     1.98     0.78     2.92     0.82     2.38 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                   
       maintenance...................................   34.16    22.66    11.50     1.47     1.14     3.03     2.22     3.64 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   27.05    17.57     9.48     1.69     1.22     3.17     0.88     2.52 
                                                                                                                             
    All workers, service-providing industries(3).....   28.44    20.20     8.25     1.99     0.73     2.26     0.97     2.29 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   49.81    35.16    14.65     4.25     1.41     3.58     1.97     3.43 
      Sales and office...............................   22.50    16.13     6.37     1.37     0.50     2.05     0.63     1.81 
      Service........................................   14.04    10.66     3.38     0.56     0.24     0.87     0.21     1.50 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                   
       maintenance...................................   30.87    21.36     9.51     2.05     0.80     2.68     1.18     2.81 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   25.01    16.69     8.32     1.45     0.72     2.60     1.06     2.49 
                                                      
                                                                           Percent of total compensation
                                                      

                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
All workers in private industry......................   100.0     70.1     29.9      6.9      2.9      8.3      3.7      8.2 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   100.0     70.1     29.9      8.5      3.0      7.2      4.3      6.9 
        Management, business, and financial..........   100.0     69.1     30.9      9.1      3.8      6.8      4.6      6.5 
        Professional and related.....................   100.0     70.9     29.1      8.0      2.4      7.5      4.0      7.2 
      Sales and office...............................   100.0     71.5     28.5      6.1      2.3      9.2      2.8      8.0 
        Sales and related............................   100.0     75.3     24.7      5.3      2.2      6.6      2.3      8.2 
        Office and administrative support............   100.0     69.2     30.8      6.7      2.3     10.8      3.1      7.9 
      Service........................................   100.0     75.8     24.2      4.0      1.7      6.2      1.5     10.7 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                   
       maintenance...................................   100.0     67.6     32.4      5.3      3.0      8.8      5.3     10.0 
        Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,                                                                          
         and forestry(1).............................   100.0     66.7     33.3      3.9      2.9      8.6      6.9     10.9 
        Installation, maintenance, and repair........   100.0     68.4     31.6      6.6      3.1      9.0      3.9      9.1 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   100.0     65.9     34.1      6.0      3.6     11.0      3.8      9.7 
        Production...................................   100.0     66.0     34.0      6.3      4.3     11.0      3.1      9.3 
        Transportation and material moving...........   100.0     65.8     34.2      5.7      3.1     11.1      4.4     10.0 
                                                                                                                             
    All workers, goods-producing industries(2).......   100.0     66.3     33.7      6.6      4.0      9.5      5.0      8.7 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   100.0     67.2     32.8      8.6      4.2      7.3      6.1      6.7 
      Sales and office...............................   100.0     69.7     30.3      6.8      2.7     10.0      2.8      8.1 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                   
       maintenance...................................   100.0     66.3     33.7      4.3      3.3      8.9      6.5     10.6 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   100.0     65.0     35.0      6.2      4.5     11.7      3.3      9.3 
                                                                                                                             
    All workers, service-providing industries(3).....   100.0     71.0     29.0      7.0      2.6      8.0      3.4      8.1 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   100.0     70.6     29.4      8.5      2.8      7.2      4.0      6.9 
      Sales and office...............................   100.0     71.7     28.3      6.1      2.2      9.1      2.8      8.0 
      Service........................................   100.0     75.9     24.1      4.0      1.7      6.2      1.5     10.7 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                   
       maintenance...................................   100.0     69.2     30.8      6.6      2.6      8.7      3.8      9.1 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   100.0     66.7     33.3      5.8      2.9     10.4      4.2     10.0 

  1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of
December 2006.
  2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
  3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance;
real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises;
administrative and waste services; educational services;  health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and
recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 10.   Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private
industry workers, by industry group, December 2013
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                            Benefit costs                    
                                                                                                                             
                                                        Total    Wages                                                       
                       Series                          compen-    and                      Supple-           Retire-  Legally
                                                       sation  salaries   Total    Paid    mental  Insuran-   ment   required
                                                                                   leave     pay      ce       and   benefits
                                                                                                             savings         
                                                                                                                             

                                                                                                                             
                                                      
                                                                               Cost per hour worked
                                                      

                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
    All workers, goods-producing industries(1).......  $35.57   $23.60   $11.97    $2.34    $1.41    $3.36    $1.77    $3.09 
                                                                                                                             
      Construction...................................   34.82    24.03    10.79     1.51     1.01     2.70     1.95     3.63 
      Manufacturing..................................   35.14    22.95    12.19     2.65     1.51     3.63     1.57     2.83 
        Aircraft manufacturing(2)....................   65.03    39.68    25.35     5.85     3.84     6.80     4.74     4.12 
                                                                                                                             
    All workers, service-providing industries(3).....   28.44    20.20     8.25     1.99     0.73     2.26     0.97     2.29 
                                                                                                                             
      Trade, transportation, and utilities...........   24.81    17.50     7.31     1.50     0.56     2.20     0.89     2.17 
        Wholesale trade..............................   32.31    22.91     9.40     2.23     0.82     2.75     0.99     2.60 
        Retail trade.................................   17.77    13.40     4.37     0.81     0.26     1.28     0.40     1.62 
        Transportation and warehousing...............   35.63    22.72    12.91     2.52     1.09     4.23     1.83     3.25 
        Utilities....................................   60.49    37.30    23.19     5.37     2.30     5.63     5.75     4.14 
      Information....................................   47.97    31.88    16.08     4.38     1.71     4.78     1.91     3.30 
      Financial activities...........................   41.54    27.81    13.73     3.46     2.26     3.55     1.70     2.76 
        Finance and insurance........................   45.01    29.77    15.25     3.88     2.70     3.86     1.95     2.86 
          Credit intermediation and related                                                                                  
           activities................................   37.26    25.07    12.20     3.25     1.50     3.39     1.57     2.49 
          Insurance carriers and related activities..   43.24    28.79    14.45     3.79     1.68     4.02     2.08     2.87 
        Real estate and rental and leasing...........   30.08    21.36     8.71     2.06     0.81     2.53     0.87     2.44 
      Professional and business services.............   35.54    25.53    10.00     2.65     0.93     2.41     1.24     2.77 
        Professional and technical services..........   46.81    33.26    13.55     3.93     1.28     3.28     1.79     3.28 
        Administrative and waste services............   21.31    16.20     5.11     1.02     0.38     1.20     0.38     2.13 
      Education and health services..................   30.95    22.02     8.93     2.38     0.58     2.62     0.97     2.38 
        Educational services.........................   41.58    30.19    11.38     2.94     0.24     3.38     1.85     2.97 
          Junior colleges, colleges, and universities   50.05    35.63    14.41     4.01     0.26     4.16     2.64     3.36 
        Health care and social assistance............   29.26    20.72     8.54     2.29     0.64     2.49     0.83     2.29 
      Leisure and hospitality........................   12.84    10.08     2.76     0.43     0.15     0.63     0.17     1.38 
        Accommodation and food services..............   11.60     9.20     2.39     0.31     0.14     0.54     0.12     1.29 
      Other services.................................   25.56    18.45     7.11     1.53     0.31     1.95     1.09     2.23 
                                                      
                                                                           Percent of total compensation
                                                      

                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
    All workers, goods-producing industries(1).......   100.0     66.3     33.7      6.6      4.0      9.5      5.0      8.7 
                                                                                                                             
      Construction...................................   100.0     69.0     31.0      4.3      2.9      7.7      5.6     10.4 
      Manufacturing..................................   100.0     65.3     34.7      7.5      4.3     10.3      4.5      8.1 
        Aircraft manufacturing(2)....................   100.0     61.0     39.0      9.0      5.9     10.5      7.3      6.3 
                                                                                                                             
    All workers, service-providing industries(3).....   100.0     71.0     29.0      7.0      2.6      8.0      3.4      8.1 
                                                                                                                             
      Trade, transportation, and utilities...........   100.0     70.5     29.5      6.0      2.3      8.9      3.6      8.7 
        Wholesale trade..............................   100.0     70.9     29.1      6.9      2.5      8.5      3.1      8.1 
        Retail trade.................................   100.0     75.4     24.6      4.5      1.5      7.2      2.3      9.1 
        Transportation and warehousing...............   100.0     63.8     36.2      7.1      3.0     11.9      5.1      9.1 
        Utilities....................................   100.0     61.7     38.3      8.9      3.8      9.3      9.5      6.8 
      Information....................................   100.0     66.5     33.5      9.1      3.6     10.0      4.0      6.9 
      Financial activities...........................   100.0     67.0     33.0      8.3      5.4      8.5      4.1      6.7 
        Finance and insurance........................   100.0     66.1     33.9      8.6      6.0      8.6      4.3      6.4 
          Credit intermediation and related                                                                                  
           activities................................   100.0     67.3     32.7      8.7      4.0      9.1      4.2      6.7 
          Insurance carriers and related activities..   100.0     66.6     33.4      8.8      3.9      9.3      4.8      6.6 
        Real estate and rental and leasing...........   100.0     71.0     29.0      6.9      2.7      8.4      2.9      8.1 
      Professional and business services.............   100.0     71.9     28.1      7.5      2.6      6.8      3.5      7.8 
        Professional and technical services..........   100.0     71.1     28.9      8.4      2.7      7.0      3.8      7.0 
        Administrative and waste services............   100.0     76.0     24.0      4.8      1.8      5.6      1.8     10.0 
      Education and health services..................   100.0     71.1     28.9      7.7      1.9      8.5      3.1      7.7 
        Educational services.........................   100.0     72.6     27.4      7.1      0.6      8.1      4.4      7.1 
          Junior colleges, colleges, and universities   100.0     71.2     28.8      8.0      0.5      8.3      5.3      6.7 
        Health care and social assistance............   100.0     70.8     29.2      7.8      2.2      8.5      2.8      7.8 
      Leisure and hospitality........................   100.0     78.5     21.5      3.4      1.2      4.9      1.3     10.8 
        Accommodation and food services..............   100.0     79.4     20.6      2.6      1.2      4.7      1.0     11.2 
      Other services.................................   100.0     72.2     27.8      6.0      1.2      7.6      4.3      8.7 

  1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
  2 Data are available beginning with December 2006.
  3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance;
real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises;
administrative and waste services; educational services;  health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and
recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 11.   Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private
industry workers, by occupational group and full-time and part-time status, December 2013
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                            Benefit costs                    
                                                                                                                             
                                                        Total    Wages                                                       
                       Series                          compen-    and                      Supple-           Retire-  Legally
                                                       sation  salaries   Total    Paid    mental  Insuran-   ment   required
                                                                                   leave     pay      ce       and   benefits
                                                                                                             savings         
                                                                                                                             

                                                                                                                             
                                                      
                                                                               Cost per hour worked
                                                      

                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
  All full-time workers in private industry..........  $34.50   $23.71   $10.79    $2.61    $1.07    $3.04    $1.38    $2.69 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   54.03    37.40    16.63     4.83     1.72     4.05     2.43     3.61 
        Management, business, and financial..........   61.75    42.61    19.14     5.66     2.37     4.26     2.85     4.00 
        Professional and related.....................   48.08    33.38    14.69     4.18     1.21     3.89     2.10     3.31 
      Sales and office...............................   26.91    18.79     8.12     1.87     0.70     2.71     0.82     2.03 
        Sales and related............................   29.99    22.04     7.95     1.92     0.82     2.20     0.79     2.23 
        Office and administrative support............   25.47    17.26     8.21     1.85     0.64     2.95     0.83     1.93 
      Service........................................   16.95    12.17     4.78     0.93     0.37     1.49     0.34     1.65 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                   
       maintenance...................................   33.34    22.43    10.91     1.82     1.01     2.99     1.79     3.29 
        Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,                                                                          
         and forestry(1).............................   33.89    22.52    11.37     1.35     1.01     2.96     2.38     3.68 
        Installation, maintenance, and repair........   32.86    22.36    10.51     2.22     1.02     3.01     1.29     2.96 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   27.75    18.20     9.56     1.76     1.07     3.08     1.04     2.60 
        Production...................................   26.82    17.59     9.23     1.74     1.16     3.01     0.86     2.45 
        Transportation and material moving...........   28.86    18.92     9.94     1.80     0.96     3.16     1.25     2.77 
                                                                                                                             
  All part-time workers in private industry..........   15.57    12.26     3.31     0.45     0.19     0.72     0.28     1.67 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   34.46    27.20     7.26     1.58     0.57     1.43     0.67     3.01 
        Professional and related.....................   33.84    26.77     7.06     1.49     0.54     1.41     0.65     2.98 
      Sales and office...............................   13.60    10.81     2.78     0.32     0.11     0.70     0.24     1.42 
        Sales and related............................   11.93     9.67     2.26     0.21     0.07     0.53     0.17     1.28 
        Office and administrative support............   15.93    12.42     3.52     0.48     0.15     0.94     0.34     1.61 
      Service........................................   11.29     9.23     2.06     0.20     0.12     0.28     0.09     1.36 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   16.85    11.55     5.30     0.54     0.30     1.76     0.66     2.04 
        Transportation and material moving...........   17.19    11.48     5.71     0.57     0.30     1.99     0.78     2.07 
                                                      
                                                                           Percent of total compensation
                                                      

                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
  All full-time workers in private industry..........   100.0     68.7     31.3      7.6      3.1      8.8      4.0      7.8 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   100.0     69.2     30.8      8.9      3.2      7.5      4.5      6.7 
        Management, business, and financial..........   100.0     69.0     31.0      9.2      3.8      6.9      4.6      6.5 
        Professional and related.....................   100.0     69.4     30.6      8.7      2.5      8.1      4.4      6.9 
      Sales and office...............................   100.0     69.8     30.2      7.0      2.6     10.1      3.0      7.5 
        Sales and related............................   100.0     73.5     26.5      6.4      2.7      7.3      2.6      7.4 
        Office and administrative support............   100.0     67.8     32.2      7.3      2.5     11.6      3.3      7.6 
      Service........................................   100.0     71.8     28.2      5.5      2.2      8.8      2.0      9.7 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                   
       maintenance...................................   100.0     67.3     32.7      5.5      3.0      9.0      5.4      9.9 
        Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,                                                                          
         and forestry(1).............................   100.0     66.4     33.6      4.0      3.0      8.7      7.0     10.9 
        Installation, maintenance, and repair........   100.0     68.0     32.0      6.8      3.1      9.2      3.9      9.0 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   100.0     65.6     34.4      6.4      3.9     11.1      3.8      9.4 
        Production...................................   100.0     65.6     34.4      6.5      4.3     11.2      3.2      9.1 
        Transportation and material moving...........   100.0     65.5     34.5      6.2      3.3     10.9      4.3      9.6 
                                                                                                                             
  All part-time workers in private industry..........   100.0     78.7     21.3      2.9      1.2      4.6      1.8     10.7 
                                                                                                                             
      Management, professional, and related..........   100.0     78.9     21.1      4.6      1.6      4.1      2.0      8.7 
        Professional and related.....................   100.0     79.1     20.9      4.4      1.6      4.2      1.9      8.8 
      Sales and office...............................   100.0     79.5     20.5      2.3      0.8      5.1      1.8     10.4 
        Sales and related............................   100.0     81.1     18.9      1.7      0.6      4.4      1.4     10.8 
        Office and administrative support............   100.0     77.9     22.1      3.0      0.9      5.9      2.2     10.1 
      Service........................................   100.0     81.7     18.3      1.8      1.1      2.4      0.8     12.1 
      Production, transportation, and material moving   100.0     68.5     31.5      3.2      1.8     10.5      3.9     12.1 
        Transportation and material moving...........   100.0     66.8     33.2      3.3      1.8     11.6      4.5     12.0 

  1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of
December 2006.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 12.   Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
Private industry workers, by industry group and full-time and part-time status, December 2013
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                      Benefit costs                    
                                                                                                                       
                                                  Total    Wages                                                       
                    Series                       compen-    and                      Supple-           Retire-  Legally
                                                 sation  salaries   Total    Paid    mental  Insuran-   ment   required
                                                                             leave     pay      ce       and   benefits
                                                                                                       savings         
                                                                                                                       

                                                                                                                       
                                                
                                                                         Cost per hour worked
                                                

                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
  All full-time workers in private industry....  $34.50   $23.71   $10.79    $2.61    $1.07    $3.04    $1.38    $2.69 
                                                                                                                       
    Goods-producing(1).........................   36.13    23.90    12.23     2.41     1.44     3.46     1.82     3.11 
      Construction.............................   35.49    24.40    11.09     1.57     1.05     2.81     2.01     3.65 
      Manufacturing............................   35.64    23.22    12.42     2.71     1.54     3.71     1.61     2.85 
                                                                                                                       
    Service-providing(2).......................   34.05    23.66    10.39     2.66     0.97     2.93     1.26     2.57 
      Trade, transportation, and utilities.....   30.53    21.15     9.38     2.11     0.79     2.80     1.17     2.51 
      Information..............................   50.83    33.64    17.20     4.70     1.84     5.13     2.07     3.46 
      Financial activities.....................   43.48    28.99    14.49     3.68     2.42     3.74     1.80     2.85 
      Professional and business services.......   39.50    28.00    11.50     3.15     1.08     2.85     1.48     2.94 
      Education and health services............   33.21    23.06    10.15     2.81     0.64     3.15     1.15     2.41 
      Leisure and hospitality..................   17.25    12.76     4.49     0.92     0.29     1.32     0.34     1.62 
      Other services...........................   29.54    20.72     8.82     2.13     0.40     2.57     1.31     2.39 
                                                                                                                       
  All part-time workers in private industry....   15.57    12.26     3.31     0.45     0.19     0.72     0.28     1.67 
                                                                                                                       
    Service-providing(2).......................   15.45    12.18     3.27     0.44     0.18     0.72     0.28     1.65 
      Trade, transportation, and utilities.....   14.07    10.64     3.44     0.35     0.13     1.07     0.36     1.51 
      Professional and business services.......   17.26    14.16     3.10     0.35     0.24     0.41     0.12     1.98 
      Education and health services............   24.56    19.08     5.48     1.16     0.44     1.12     0.47     2.30 
      Leisure and hospitality..................    9.63     8.13     1.50     0.08     0.04     0.13     0.04     1.21 
                                                
                                                                     Percent of total compensation
                                                

                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
  All full-time workers in private industry....   100.0     68.7     31.3      7.6      3.1      8.8      4.0      7.8 
                                                                                                                       
    Goods-producing(1).........................   100.0     66.2     33.8      6.7      4.0      9.6      5.0      8.6 
      Construction.............................   100.0     68.8     31.2      4.4      3.0      7.9      5.7     10.3 
      Manufacturing............................   100.0     65.1     34.9      7.6      4.3     10.4      4.5      8.0 
                                                                                                                       
    Service-providing(2).......................   100.0     69.5     30.5      7.8      2.9      8.6      3.7      7.6 
      Trade, transportation, and utilities.....   100.0     69.3     30.7      6.9      2.6      9.2      3.8      8.2 
      Information..............................   100.0     66.2     33.8      9.2      3.6     10.1      4.1      6.8 
      Financial activities.....................   100.0     66.7     33.3      8.5      5.6      8.6      4.1      6.6 
      Professional and business services.......   100.0     70.9     29.1      8.0      2.7      7.2      3.7      7.4 
      Education and health services............   100.0     69.4     30.6      8.5      1.9      9.5      3.5      7.3 
      Leisure and hospitality..................   100.0     74.0     26.0      5.3      1.7      7.6      2.0      9.4 
      Other services...........................   100.0     70.2     29.8      7.2      1.4      8.7      4.4      8.1 
                                                                                                                       
  All part-time workers in private industry....   100.0     78.7     21.3      2.9      1.2      4.6      1.8     10.7 
                                                                                                                       
    Service-providing(2).......................   100.0     78.8     21.2      2.9      1.2      4.6      1.8     10.7 
      Trade, transportation, and utilities.....   100.0     75.6     24.4      2.5      1.0      7.6      2.6     10.7 
      Professional and business services.......   100.0     82.1     17.9      2.0      1.4      2.4      0.7     11.5 
      Education and health services............   100.0     77.7     22.3      4.7      1.8      4.6      1.9      9.3 
      Leisure and hospitality..................   100.0     84.5     15.5      0.8      0.4      1.3      0.4     12.5 

  1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is
excluded.
  2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and
insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and
enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;  health care and social assistance; arts,
entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 13.   Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
Private industry workers, by major industry group and establishment employment size and bargaining unit status,
December 2013
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                      Benefit costs                    
                                                                                                                       
                                                  Total    Wages                                                       
                    Series                       compen-    and                      Supple-           Retire-  Legally
                                                 sation  salaries   Total    Paid    mental  Insuran-   ment   required
                                                                             leave     pay      ce       and   benefits
                                                                                                       savings         
                                                                                                                       

                                                                                                                       
                                                
                                                                         Cost per hour worked
                                                

                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
    All workers, goods-producing industries(1)   $35.57   $23.60   $11.97    $2.34    $1.41    $3.36    $1.77    $3.09 
                                                                                                                       
    1-99 workers...............................   30.03    21.10     8.92     1.55     0.89     2.40     1.11     2.96 
      1-49 workers.............................   28.22    20.13     8.09     1.33     0.89     2.04     0.92     2.92 
      50-99 workers............................   34.38    23.44    10.94     2.09     0.91     3.28     1.59     3.06 
    100 workers or more........................   40.24    25.70    14.54     3.01     1.84     4.17     2.33     3.19 
      100-499 workers..........................   34.95    22.96    11.98     2.37     1.31     3.70     1.58     3.03 
      500 workers or more......................   47.96    29.69    18.27     3.94     2.62     4.85     3.42     3.43 
                                                                                                                       
    Union......................................   43.83    25.62    18.21     2.52     1.66     5.96     4.20     3.87 
    Nonunion...................................   33.81    23.17    10.64     2.31     1.35     2.81     1.25     2.92 
                                                                                                                       
    All workers, service-providing                                                                                     
     industries(2).............................   28.44    20.20     8.25     1.99     0.73     2.26     0.97     2.29 
                                                                                                                       
    1-99 workers...............................   23.80    17.72     6.08     1.43     0.47     1.58     0.54     2.07 
      1-49 workers.............................   23.09    17.33     5.76     1.34     0.43     1.50     0.46     2.03 
      50-99 workers............................   26.09    18.96     7.13     1.72     0.59     1.82     0.78     2.21 
    100 workers or more........................   34.10    23.22    10.88     2.68     1.05     3.10     1.49     2.57 
      100-499 workers..........................   28.25    19.82     8.43     2.03     0.68     2.43     1.03     2.26 
      500 workers or more......................   42.61    28.16    14.45     3.62     1.60     4.07     2.14     3.02 
                                                                                                                       
    Union......................................   40.39    24.44    15.96     3.15     1.14     5.66     2.74     3.26 
    Nonunion...................................   27.53    19.87     7.66     1.90     0.70     2.00     0.83     2.22 
                                                
                                                                     Percent of total compensation
                                                

                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
    All workers, goods-producing industries(1)    100.0     66.3     33.7      6.6      4.0      9.5      5.0      8.7 
                                                                                                                       
    1-99 workers...............................   100.0     70.3     29.7      5.2      3.0      8.0      3.7      9.9 
      1-49 workers.............................   100.0     71.3     28.7      4.7      3.1      7.2      3.2     10.3 
      50-99 workers............................   100.0     68.2     31.8      6.1      2.7      9.5      4.6      8.9 
    100 workers or more........................   100.0     63.9     36.1      7.5      4.6     10.4      5.8      7.9 
      100-499 workers..........................   100.0     65.7     34.3      6.8      3.7     10.6      4.5      8.7 
      500 workers or more......................   100.0     61.9     38.1      8.2      5.5     10.1      7.1      7.2 
                                                                                                                       
    Union......................................   100.0     58.5     41.5      5.7      3.8     13.6      9.6      8.8 
    Nonunion...................................   100.0     68.5     31.5      6.8      4.0      8.3      3.7      8.6 
                                                                                                                       
    All workers, service-providing                                                                                     
     industries(2).............................   100.0     71.0     29.0      7.0      2.6      8.0      3.4      8.1 
                                                                                                                       
    1-99 workers...............................   100.0     74.4     25.6      6.0      2.0      6.6      2.3      8.7 
      1-49 workers.............................   100.0     75.1     24.9      5.8      1.9      6.5      2.0      8.8 
      50-99 workers............................   100.0     72.7     27.3      6.6      2.3      7.0      3.0      8.5 
    100 workers or more........................   100.0     68.1     31.9      7.9      3.1      9.1      4.4      7.5 
      100-499 workers..........................   100.0     70.2     29.8      7.2      2.4      8.6      3.7      8.0 
      500 workers or more......................   100.0     66.1     33.9      8.5      3.7      9.5      5.0      7.1 
                                                                                                                       
    Union......................................   100.0     60.5     39.5      7.8      2.8     14.0      6.8      8.1 
    Nonunion...................................   100.0     72.2     27.8      6.9      2.6      7.3      3.0      8.1 

  1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is
excluded.
  2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and
insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and
enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;  health care and social assistance; arts,
entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 14.   Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
Private industry health care and social assistance workers, by industry and occupational group, December 2013
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                      Benefit costs                    
                                                                                                                       
                                                  Total    Wages                                                       
                    Series                       compen-    and                      Supple-           Retire-  Legally
                                                 sation  salaries   Total    Paid    mental  Insuran-   ment   required
                                                                             leave     pay      ce       and   benefits
                                                                                                       savings         
                                                                                                                       

                                                                                                                       
                                                
                                                                         Cost per hour worked
                                                

                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
  Health care and social assistance............  $29.26   $20.72    $8.54    $2.29    $0.64    $2.49    $0.83    $2.29 
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   41.10    29.05    12.05     3.53     0.91     3.28     1.35     2.98 
        Registered nurses......................   48.35    33.72    14.63     3.95     1.50     3.80     1.83     3.55 
      Sales and office.........................   21.92    15.39     6.53     1.52     0.33     2.45     0.53     1.70 
      Service..................................   17.35    12.45     4.90     1.02     0.44     1.48     0.30     1.65 
                                                                                                                       
    Hospitals..................................   39.97    26.75    13.22     3.48     1.25     4.04     1.60     2.84 
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   48.81    33.19    15.62     4.40     1.52     4.32     1.98     3.40 
        Registered nurses......................   51.14    34.74    16.41     4.41     1.84     4.39     2.13     3.64 
      Service..................................   22.20    13.96     8.23     1.57     0.87     3.22     0.80     1.78 
                                                                                                                       
    Nursing and residential care facilities....   20.78    15.04     5.74     1.39     0.42     1.71     0.30     1.92 
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   31.13    22.82     8.32     2.27     0.57     2.29     0.56     2.63 
      Service..................................   15.66    11.22     4.43     0.94     0.36     1.39     0.17     1.57 
                                                                                                                       
      Nursing care facilities(1)...............   22.42    16.18     6.25     1.51     0.50     1.84     0.35     2.04 
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   33.67    24.80     8.88     2.40     0.66     2.36     0.63     2.83 
      Service..................................   16.45    11.65     4.80     1.01     0.43     1.53     0.20     1.63 
                                                
                                                                     Percent of total compensation
                                                

                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
  Health care and social assistance............   100.0     70.8     29.2      7.8      2.2      8.5      2.8      7.8 
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   100.0     70.7     29.3      8.6      2.2      8.0      3.3      7.2 
        Registered nurses......................   100.0     69.7     30.3      8.2      3.1      7.9      3.8      7.3 
      Sales and office.........................   100.0     70.2     29.8      6.9      1.5     11.2      2.4      7.7 
      Service..................................   100.0     71.8     28.2      5.9      2.5      8.5      1.7      9.5 
                                                                                                                       
    Hospitals..................................   100.0     66.9     33.1      8.7      3.1     10.1      4.0      7.1 
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   100.0     68.0     32.0      9.0      3.1      8.8      4.1      7.0 
        Registered nurses......................   100.0     67.9     32.1      8.6      3.6      8.6      4.2      7.1 
      Service..................................   100.0     62.9     37.1      7.1      3.9     14.5      3.6      8.0 
                                                                                                                       
    Nursing and residential care facilities....   100.0     72.4     27.6      6.7      2.0      8.2      1.4      9.3 
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   100.0     73.3     26.7      7.3      1.8      7.4      1.8      8.4 
      Service..................................   100.0     71.7     28.3      6.0      2.3      8.8      1.1     10.1 
                                                                                                                       
      Nursing care facilities(1)...............   100.0     72.1     27.9      6.7      2.2      8.2      1.6      9.1 
                                                                                                                       
      Management, professional, and related....   100.0     73.6     26.4      7.1      2.0      7.0      1.9      8.4 
      Service..................................   100.0     70.8     29.2      6.1      2.6      9.3      1.2      9.9 

  1 Data are available beginning with December 2006.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.


Last Modified Date: September 10, 2014