FOR RELEASE 10:00 A.M. (EDT) THURSDAY, JUNE 9, 2016 USDL-16-1150
Technical information: (202) 691-6199 ncsinfo@bls.gov www.bls.gov/ect
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 pressoffice@bls.gov
EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION – MARCH 2016
Employer costs for employee compensation averaged $33.94 per hour worked in March 2016, the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries averaged $23.25 per hour worked and
accounted for 68.5 percent of these costs, while benefits averaged $10.70 and accounted for the
remaining 31.5 percent. Total employer compensation costs for private industry workers averaged
$32.06 per hour worked in March 2016. Total employer compensation costs for state and local
government workers averaged $45.23 per hour worked in March 2016.
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC), a product of the National Compensation Survey,
measures employer costs for wages, salaries, and employee benefits for nonfarm private and state and
local government workers.
Metropolitan area costs in private industry
Total compensation, wages and salaries, and benefit costs in private industry are included in this release
for 15 combined and metropolitan statistical areas (CSAs and MSAs). In March 2016, total
compensation costs for the 15 areas ranged from $50.66 per hour worked in the San Jose-San Francisco-
Oakland, CA CSA, to $28.34 per hour worked in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL MSA.
(See chart 1 and table 15.)
Health insurance costs in private industry
The average cost for health insurance benefits was $2.44 per hour worked in private industry (7.6
percent of total compensation) in March 2016. Among occupational groups, employer costs for health
insurance benefits ranged from 89 cents per hour worked and 5.9 percent of total compensation for
service workers, to $3.81 and 6.7 percent of total compensation for management, professional, and
related occupations. (See table 5.)
Employer costs for health insurance benefits were significantly higher for union workers, averaging
$5.76 per hour worked (12.6 percent of total compensation), than for nonunion workers, averaging $2.12
(6.9 percent). (See table 5.)
In goods-producing industries, health insurance benefit costs were higher, at $3.39 per hour worked (8.8
percent of total compensation), than in service-providing industries, at $2.25 (7.3 percent). In goods-
producing industries, health insurance benefit costs were $3.71 (9.6 percent of total compensation) for
manufacturing and $2.72 (7.4 percent) for construction. In service-producing industries, health insurance
benefit costs ranged from $4.76 (8.9 percent) for information to 75 cents (5.4 percent) for leisure and
hospitality. (See table 6 and chart 2.)
Among the four regions, costs for health insurance benefits ranged from $2.13 per hour worked (7.2
percent of total compensation) in the South to $3.00 (7.7 percent) in the Northeast. Health insurance
costs were $2.50 (8.5 percent) in the Midwest and $2.41 (7.3 percent) in the West. (See table 7.)
Health insurance benefit costs increased, with establishment size, by average hourly dollar amount and
as a proportion of total compensation. Establishments with fewer than 50 workers averaged $1.61 per
hour worked (6.0 percent of total compensation); those with 50-99 workers averaged $2.06 (7.3
percent); those with 100-499 employees averaged $2.72 (8.3 percent); and those with 500 or more
employees averaged $4.27 (9.1 percent). (See table 8.)
For information on health insurance provisions, see National Compensation Survey: Employee Benefits
in the United States, March 2015, at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/benefits/2015/benefits.htm and National
Compensation Survey: Health and Retirement Plan Provisions in the United States, 2015, at
www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2015/ownership/private/ebbl0058.pdf.
Other benefit categories in private industry
Private industry employer costs for paid leave averaged $2.20 per hour worked (6.9 percent of total
compensation), supplemental pay averaged $1.16 (3.6 percent), insurance benefits averaged $2.59 (8.1
percent), retirement and savings averaged $1.23 (3.8 percent), and legally required benefits averaged
$2.54 (7.9 percent). (See table A and table 5.)
Table A. Relative importance of employer costs for employee compensation, March 2016
Compensation Civilian Private State and local
component workers industry government
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Wages and salaries 68.5% 69.7% 63.6%
Benefits 31.5 30.3 36.4
Paid leave 6.9 6.9 7.2
Supplemental pay 3.1 3.6 0.8
Insurance 8.8 8.1 12.0
Health benefits 8.4 7.6 11.7
Retirement and savings 5.1 3.8 10.6
Defined benefit 3.2 1.7 9.8
Defined contribution 1.9 2.2 0.8
Legally required 7.5 7.9 5.8
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for June 2016 is scheduled to be released on
Thursday, September 8, 2016, at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data on total compensation, wages and salaries, and
benefits in private industry are produced annually in the March reference period for 15 metropolitan
areas. For further information about metropolitan area ECEC estimates see the September 2009 article:
“BLS Introduces New Employer Costs for Employee Compensation Data for Private Industry Workers
in 15 Metropolitan Areas,” at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/cwc/bls-introduces-new-employer-costs-for-
employee-compensation-data-for-private-industry-workers-in-15-metropolitan-areas.pdf.
Supplemental tables with occupational, establishment size, and bargaining status series by industry
group are available at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuptc38.pdf and www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuphst.pdf.
Relative standard errors for all cost estimates in the most recent news release and supplementary tables
are available at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ececrse.pdf and www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuprse.pdf.
Historical ECEC data are available in three listings, all available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. The
earliest historical listing covers data for the March reference periods from 1986 to 2001. These data use
the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) and Census of Population occupational classification
systems. A second listing contains data for the March, June, September, and December reference periods
from March 2002 to December 2003. These data are also based on the SIC and Census of Population
occupational classification systems. The most recent listing includes data from March 2004 to the
current reference period. These are based on the North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS) and Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) systems.
The Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) are defined by the
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 2003 area definitions. For more information on the area
definitions, visit www.census.gov/population/metro/data/pastmetro.html.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request—
Telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
BLS news releases, including the ECEC, are available through an e-mail subscription service at:
www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm.
TECHNICAL NOTE
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) measures the average cost to employers for wages
and salaries and benefits per employee hour worked.
ECEC includes the civilian economy, which includes data from both private industry and state and local
government. Excluded from private industry are the self-employed and farm and private household
workers. Federal government workers are excluded from the public sector. The private industry series
and the state and local government series provide data for the two sectors separately.
Sample size
Data for the March 2016 reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately
28,900 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,900 private industry establishments
and approximately 8,800 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,500 state and
local government establishments that provided data at the initial interview.
Comparing private and public sector data
Compensation cost levels in state and local government should not be directly compared with levels in
private industry. Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work activities
and occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part of private
industry work activities but are rare in state and local government. Professional and administrative
support occupations (including teachers) account for two-thirds of the state and local government
workforce, compared with one-half of private industry.
ECEC quarterly publication focus
ECEC news releases are published quarterly, providing civilian, private industry, and state and local
government cost per hour estimates as well as additional detail on a specific compensation cost topic of
interest. This quarter focuses on employer compensation costs in selected metropolitan areas and health
benefit costs in private industry. Topics of news releases for the upcoming reference periods are as
follows:
* June 2016—Retirement and savings benefit costs in private industry
* September 2016—Compensation costs in state and local government
ECEC detailed information and measures
For detailed information on Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, see Chapter 8,”National
Compensation Measures,” of the BLS Handbook of Methods at:
www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf.
Table 1. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Civilian workers, by major occupational and industry group, March 2016
Occupational group Industry group
Management, Natural Production,
Compensation All professional, Sales resources, transportation, Goods- Service-
component workers(1) and and Service construction, and producing(2) providing(3)
related office and material
maintenance moving
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation............................. $33.94 100.0 $56.04 100.0 $24.64 100.0 $17.71 100.0 $34.57 100.0 $27.25 100.0 $38.39 100.0 $33.18 100.0
Wages and salaries........................... 23.25 68.5 38.22 68.2 17.34 70.4 12.58 71.0 23.09 66.8 17.87 65.6 25.42 66.2 22.88 68.9
Total benefits............................... 10.70 31.5 17.81 31.8 7.30 29.6 5.13 29.0 11.48 33.2 9.38 34.4 12.97 33.8 10.31 31.1
Paid leave................................. 2.35 6.9 4.41 7.9 1.63 6.6 0.92 5.2 1.89 5.5 1.64 6.0 2.51 6.5 2.32 7.0
Vacation................................. 1.15 3.4 2.12 3.8 0.81 3.3 0.43 2.4 0.95 2.8 0.83 3.0 1.29 3.4 1.12 3.4
Holiday.................................. 0.71 2.1 1.28 2.3 0.50 2.0 0.28 1.6 0.62 1.8 0.55 2.0 0.87 2.3 0.68 2.0
Sick..................................... 0.35 1.0 0.72 1.3 0.21 0.9 0.14 0.8 0.22 0.6 0.20 0.7 0.25 0.7 0.37 1.1
Personal................................. 0.15 0.4 0.29 0.5 0.11 0.4 0.05 0.3 0.10 0.3 0.07 0.3 0.10 0.2 0.16 0.5
Supplemental pay........................... 1.05 3.1 2.01 3.6 0.57 2.3 0.30 1.7 1.01 2.9 0.98 3.6 1.49 3.9 0.97 2.9
Overtime and premium(4).................. 0.26 0.8 0.17 0.3 0.15 0.6 0.15 0.8 0.68 2.0 0.54 2.0 0.56 1.5 0.20 0.6
Shift differentials...................... 0.06 0.2 0.08 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.06 0.3 0.05 0.1 0.08 0.3 0.08 0.2 0.05 0.2
Nonproduction bonuses.................... 0.74 2.2 1.76 3.1 0.40 1.6 0.10 0.5 0.29 0.8 0.36 1.3 0.84 2.2 0.72 2.2
Insurance.................................. 3.00 8.8 4.56 8.1 2.36 9.6 1.44 8.1 3.23 9.4 2.98 10.9 3.60 9.4 2.89 8.7
Life..................................... 0.05 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1
Health................................... 2.85 8.4 4.32 7.7 2.27 9.2 1.39 7.9 3.07 8.9 2.81 10.3 3.40 8.9 2.76 8.3
Short-term disability.................... 0.05 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.02 0.1 0.08 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.08 0.2 0.05 0.2
Long-term disability..................... 0.05 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.03 0.1 (5) (6) 0.04 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.06 0.1 0.04 0.1
Retirement and savings..................... 1.74 5.1 3.29 5.9 0.87 3.5 0.80 4.5 2.04 5.9 1.23 4.5 2.12 5.5 1.68 5.1
Defined benefit.......................... 1.09 3.2 2.03 3.6 0.42 1.7 0.64 3.6 1.46 4.2 0.72 2.6 1.19 3.1 1.07 3.2
Defined contribution..................... 0.65 1.9 1.26 2.2 0.44 1.8 0.16 0.9 0.59 1.7 0.51 1.9 0.93 2.4 0.61 1.8
Legally required benefits.................. 2.55 7.5 3.54 6.3 1.87 7.6 1.67 9.5 3.31 9.6 2.55 9.4 3.25 8.5 2.44 7.3
Social Security and Medicare............. 1.87 5.5 2.97 5.3 1.43 5.8 1.05 5.9 1.95 5.6 1.52 5.6 2.15 5.6 1.83 5.5
Social Security(7)..................... 1.49 4.4 2.33 4.2 1.15 4.7 0.84 4.7 1.57 4.5 1.22 4.5 1.73 4.5 1.45 4.4
Medicare............................... 0.39 1.1 0.64 1.1 0.28 1.1 0.21 1.2 0.37 1.1 0.30 1.1 0.42 1.1 0.38 1.1
Federal unemployment insurance........... 0.03 0.1 0.02 (6) 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1
State unemployment insurance............. 0.18 0.5 0.17 0.3 0.17 0.7 0.16 0.9 0.25 0.7 0.20 0.7 0.25 0.6 0.17 0.5
Workers' compensation.................... 0.47 1.4 0.37 0.7 0.23 0.9 0.43 2.4 1.08 3.1 0.81 3.0 0.82 2.1 0.41 1.2
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy excluding households and the public sector excluding the Federal government.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation;
accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
4 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
6 Less than .05 percent.
7 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
Table 2. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group, March 2016
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
Civilian workers(1)............................ $33.94 $23.25 $10.70 $2.35 $1.05 $3.00 $1.74 $2.55
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 56.04 38.22 17.81 4.41 2.01 4.56 3.29 3.54
Management, business, and financial.... 67.78 45.27 22.51 6.01 4.35 4.68 3.33 4.15
Professional and related............... 51.14 35.29 15.86 3.75 1.04 4.51 3.28 3.29
Teachers(2).......................... 56.53 39.67 16.85 2.59 0.17 5.53 5.45 3.12
Primary, secondary, and special
education school teachers......... 57.08 39.08 18.00 2.48 0.17 6.34 6.16 2.84
Registered nurses.................... 51.96 34.92 17.04 4.52 1.59 4.66 2.64 3.63
Sales and office......................... 24.64 17.34 7.30 1.63 0.57 2.36 0.87 1.87
Sales and related...................... 23.88 17.90 5.98 1.38 0.60 1.56 0.59 1.84
Office and administrative support...... 25.10 17.00 8.10 1.78 0.55 2.85 1.03 1.88
Service.................................. 17.71 12.58 5.13 0.92 0.30 1.44 0.80 1.67
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 34.57 23.09 11.48 1.89 1.01 3.23 2.04 3.31
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry(3).............. 35.31 23.50 11.81 1.50 0.92 3.13 2.50 3.75
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 33.88 22.71 11.17 2.25 1.10 3.33 1.62 2.88
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 27.25 17.87 9.38 1.64 0.98 2.98 1.23 2.55
Production............................. 26.56 17.64 8.92 1.63 1.15 2.84 0.93 2.36
Transportation and material moving..... 27.89 18.09 9.80 1.65 0.83 3.10 1.50 2.73
Industry group
Education and health services............ 38.21 26.19 12.02 2.67 0.49 3.88 2.46 2.51
Educational services................... 47.12 31.92 15.20 2.83 0.19 5.19 4.32 2.67
Elementary and secondary schools..... 45.95 30.81 15.14 2.35 0.18 5.52 4.65 2.44
Junior colleges, colleges, and
universities....................... 52.15 35.56 16.58 4.10 0.21 4.93 4.16 3.18
Health care and social assistance...... 32.23 22.35 9.89 2.57 0.69 3.00 1.21 2.41
Hospitals............................ 43.84 28.53 15.31 4.05 1.37 4.70 2.21 2.98
Percent of total compensation
Civilian workers(1)............................ 100.0 68.5 31.5 6.9 3.1 8.8 5.1 7.5
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 100.0 68.2 31.8 7.9 3.6 8.1 5.9 6.3
Management, business, and financial.... 100.0 66.8 33.2 8.9 6.4 6.9 4.9 6.1
Professional and related............... 100.0 69.0 31.0 7.3 2.0 8.8 6.4 6.4
Teachers(2).......................... 100.0 70.2 29.8 4.6 0.3 9.8 9.6 5.5
Primary, secondary, and special
education school teachers......... 100.0 68.5 31.5 4.3 0.3 11.1 10.8 5.0
Registered nurses.................... 100.0 67.2 32.8 8.7 3.1 9.0 5.1 7.0
Sales and office......................... 100.0 70.4 29.6 6.6 2.3 9.6 3.5 7.6
Sales and related...................... 100.0 75.0 25.0 5.8 2.5 6.5 2.5 7.7
Office and administrative support...... 100.0 67.7 32.3 7.1 2.2 11.3 4.1 7.5
Service.................................. 100.0 71.0 29.0 5.2 1.7 8.1 4.5 9.5
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 100.0 66.8 33.2 5.5 2.9 9.4 5.9 9.6
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry(3).............. 100.0 66.6 33.4 4.3 2.6 8.9 7.1 10.6
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 100.0 67.0 33.0 6.6 3.2 9.8 4.8 8.5
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 100.0 65.6 34.4 6.0 3.6 10.9 4.5 9.4
Production............................. 100.0 66.4 33.6 6.1 4.3 10.7 3.5 8.9
Transportation and material moving..... 100.0 64.9 35.1 5.9 3.0 11.1 5.4 9.8
Industry group
Education and health services............ 100.0 68.5 31.5 7.0 1.3 10.1 6.4 6.6
Educational services................... 100.0 67.7 32.3 6.0 0.4 11.0 9.2 5.7
Elementary and secondary schools..... 100.0 67.0 33.0 5.1 0.4 12.0 10.1 5.3
Junior colleges, colleges, and
universities....................... 100.0 68.2 31.8 7.9 0.4 9.5 8.0 6.1
Health care and social assistance...... 100.0 69.3 30.7 8.0 2.1 9.3 3.8 7.5
Hospitals............................ 100.0 65.1 34.9 9.2 3.1 10.7 5.0 6.8
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy excluding households and the public sector excluding the Federal
government.
2 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and
instructors.
3 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of
December 2006.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
Table 3. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: State and local
government workers, by major occupational and industry group, March 2016
Occupational group(1) Industry group
Management, Sales
Compensation All professional, and Service Service-providin-
component workers and office g(2)
related
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation............................. $45.23 100.0 $54.34 100.0 $31.45 100.0 $34.43 100.0 $45.28 100.0
Wages and salaries........................... 28.75 63.6 35.95 66.2 18.56 59.0 19.90 57.8 28.81 63.6
Total benefits............................... 16.48 36.4 18.39 33.8 12.89 41.0 14.53 42.2 16.47 36.4
Paid leave................................. 3.23 7.2 3.50 6.4 2.74 8.7 2.98 8.7 3.23 7.1
Vacation................................. 1.18 2.6 1.11 2.0 1.21 3.8 1.29 3.7 1.17 2.6
Holiday.................................. 0.95 2.1 0.98 1.8 0.85 2.7 0.93 2.7 0.94 2.1
Sick..................................... 0.86 1.9 1.08 2.0 0.54 1.7 0.61 1.8 0.86 1.9
Personal................................. 0.25 0.6 0.34 0.6 0.14 0.4 0.15 0.4 0.25 0.6
Supplemental pay........................... 0.38 0.8 0.27 0.5 0.22 0.7 0.63 1.8 0.37 0.8
Overtime and premium(3).................. 0.20 0.4 0.08 0.1 0.13 0.4 0.43 1.3 0.19 0.4
Shift differentials...................... 0.05 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.09 0.3 0.05 0.1
Nonproduction bonuses.................... 0.13 0.3 0.16 0.3 0.07 0.2 0.11 0.3 0.13 0.3
Insurance.................................. 5.43 12.0 5.91 10.9 5.01 15.9 4.60 13.4 5.44 12.0
Life..................................... 0.06 0.1 0.07 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.06 0.1
Health................................... 5.30 11.7 5.76 10.6 4.89 15.6 4.49 13.1 5.30 11.7
Short-term disability.................... 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.03 0.1
Long-term disability..................... 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1
Retirement and savings..................... 4.80 10.6 5.71 10.5 2.98 9.5 4.12 12.0 4.79 10.6
Defined benefit.......................... 4.42 9.8 5.20 9.6 2.75 8.8 3.89 11.3 4.41 9.7
Defined contribution..................... 0.38 0.8 0.50 0.9 0.23 0.7 0.22 0.6 0.38 0.8
Legally required benefits.................. 2.64 5.8 2.99 5.5 1.94 6.2 2.21 6.4 2.64 5.8
Social Security and Medicare............. 1.99 4.4 2.39 4.4 1.46 4.6 1.42 4.1 1.99 4.4
Social Security(4)..................... 1.53 3.4 1.82 3.4 1.15 3.7 1.09 3.2 1.52 3.4
Medicare............................... 0.46 1.0 0.57 1.0 0.31 1.0 0.33 1.0 0.46 1.0
Federal unemployment insurance........... (5) (6) (5) (6) (5) (6) (5) (6) (5) (6)
State unemployment insurance............. 0.09 0.2 0.08 0.2 0.07 0.2 0.07 0.2 0.09 0.2
Workers' compensation.................... 0.57 1.3 0.52 1.0 0.41 1.3 0.71 2.1 0.56 1.2
1 This table presents data for the three major occupational groups in State and local government: management, professional, and related
occupations, including teachers; sales and office occupations, including clerical workers; and service occupations, including police and
firefighters.
2 Service-providing industries, which include health and educational services, employ a large part of the State and local government
workforce.
3 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
6 Less than .05 percent.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
Table 4. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: State
and local government workers, by occupational and industry group, March 2016
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
State and local government workers............. $45.23 $28.75 $16.48 $3.23 $0.38 $5.43 $4.80 $2.64
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 54.34 35.95 18.39 3.50 0.27 5.91 5.71 2.99
Professional and related............... 53.27 35.45 17.82 3.13 0.26 5.91 5.66 2.86
Teachers(1).......................... 61.25 42.15 19.10 2.79 0.17 6.35 6.67 3.13
Primary, secondary, and special
education school teachers......... 61.66 41.77 19.89 2.65 0.19 7.03 7.08 2.93
Sales and office......................... 31.45 18.56 12.89 2.74 0.22 5.01 2.98 1.94
Office and administrative support...... 31.63 18.62 13.01 2.77 0.22 5.07 3.01 1.94
Service.................................. 34.43 19.90 14.53 2.98 0.63 4.60 4.12 2.21
Industry group
Education and health services............ 47.14 31.10 16.03 2.86 0.24 5.60 4.78 2.56
Educational services................... 48.22 32.09 16.13 2.74 0.18 5.65 5.02 2.55
Elementary and secondary schools..... 47.16 31.31 15.84 2.39 0.19 5.81 5.05 2.41
Junior colleges, colleges, and
universities....................... 51.95 34.80 17.15 3.96 0.15 5.06 4.97 3.01
Health care and social assistance...... 39.85 24.50 15.35 3.63 0.64 5.27 3.19 2.62
Hospitals............................ 42.05 26.01 16.04 3.85 0.79 5.56 3.18 2.65
Public administration.................... 43.22 25.49 17.73 3.98 0.61 5.32 5.05 2.78
Percent of total compensation
State and local government workers............. 100.0 63.6 36.4 7.2 0.8 12.0 10.6 5.8
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 100.0 66.2 33.8 6.4 0.5 10.9 10.5 5.5
Professional and related............... 100.0 66.5 33.5 5.9 0.5 11.1 10.6 5.4
Teachers(1).......................... 100.0 68.8 31.2 4.6 0.3 10.4 10.9 5.1
Primary, secondary, and special
education school teachers......... 100.0 67.7 32.3 4.3 0.3 11.4 11.5 4.8
Sales and office......................... 100.0 59.0 41.0 8.7 0.7 15.9 9.5 6.2
Office and administrative support...... 100.0 58.9 41.1 8.8 0.7 16.0 9.5 6.1
Service.................................. 100.0 57.8 42.2 8.7 1.8 13.4 12.0 6.4
Industry group
Education and health services............ 100.0 66.0 34.0 6.1 0.5 11.9 10.1 5.4
Educational services................... 100.0 66.5 33.5 5.7 0.4 11.7 10.4 5.3
Elementary and secondary schools..... 100.0 66.4 33.6 5.1 0.4 12.3 10.7 5.1
Junior colleges, colleges, and
universities....................... 100.0 67.0 33.0 7.6 0.3 9.7 9.6 5.8
Health care and social assistance...... 100.0 61.5 38.5 9.1 1.6 13.2 8.0 6.6
Hospitals............................ 100.0 61.9 38.1 9.2 1.9 13.2 7.6 6.3
Public administration.................... 100.0 59.0 41.0 9.2 1.4 12.3 11.7 6.4
1 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and
instructors.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
Table 5. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by major occupational group and bargaining unit status, March 2016
Occupational group Bargaining unit status
Management, Natural Production,
Compensation All professional, Sales resources, transportation,
component workers and and Service construction, and Union Nonunion
related office and material
maintenance moving
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation............................. $32.06 100.0 $56.63 100.0 $24.05 100.0 $14.99 100.0 $34.16 100.0 $26.99 100.0 $45.72 100.0 $30.72 100.0
Wages and salaries........................... 22.33 69.7 39.02 68.9 17.23 71.7 11.39 76.0 23.14 67.7 17.80 66.0 27.50 60.2 21.82 71.0
Total benefits............................... 9.73 30.3 17.61 31.1 6.82 28.3 3.60 24.0 11.02 32.3 9.19 34.0 18.22 39.8 8.90 29.0
Paid leave................................. 2.20 6.9 4.73 8.4 1.54 6.4 0.58 3.9 1.73 5.1 1.61 5.9 3.16 6.9 2.11 6.9
Vacation................................. 1.14 3.6 2.48 4.4 0.78 3.2 0.29 2.0 0.89 2.6 0.82 3.0 1.61 3.5 1.09 3.6
Holiday.................................. 0.67 2.1 1.38 2.4 0.47 1.9 0.18 1.2 0.57 1.7 0.54 2.0 0.93 2.0 0.64 2.1
Sick..................................... 0.27 0.8 0.59 1.0 0.18 0.8 0.07 0.5 0.17 0.5 0.18 0.7 0.45 1.0 0.25 0.8
Personal................................. 0.13 0.4 0.28 0.5 0.11 0.4 0.04 0.3 0.10 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.17 0.4 0.13 0.4
Supplemental pay........................... 1.16 3.6 2.62 4.6 0.60 2.5 0.24 1.6 1.05 3.1 1.00 3.7 1.52 3.3 1.13 3.7
Overtime and premium(1).................. 0.27 0.8 0.21 0.4 0.15 0.6 0.10 0.7 0.70 2.0 0.54 2.0 0.91 2.0 0.20 0.7
Shift differentials...................... 0.06 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.02 0.1 0.05 0.3 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.3 0.19 0.4 0.05 0.1
Nonproduction bonuses.................... 0.84 2.6 2.32 4.1 0.43 1.8 0.09 0.6 0.31 0.9 0.37 1.4 0.42 0.9 0.88 2.9
Insurance.................................. 2.59 8.1 4.08 7.2 2.14 8.9 0.92 6.2 3.05 8.9 2.88 10.7 6.12 13.4 2.24 7.3
Life..................................... 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.03 0.1 (2) (3) 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.04 0.1
Health................................... 2.44 7.6 3.81 6.7 2.04 8.5 0.89 5.9 2.89 8.5 2.71 10.1 5.76 12.6 2.12 6.9
Short-term disability.................... 0.06 0.2 0.10 0.2 0.04 0.2 (2) (3) 0.08 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.16 0.4 0.05 0.2
Long-term disability..................... 0.05 0.1 0.09 0.2 0.03 0.1 (2) (3) 0.04 0.1 0.07 0.3 0.12 0.3 0.04 0.1
Retirement and savings..................... 1.23 3.8 2.45 4.3 0.68 2.8 0.26 1.8 1.82 5.3 1.15 4.2 3.83 8.4 0.98 3.2
Defined benefit.......................... 0.53 1.7 0.93 1.6 0.22 0.9 0.11 0.7 1.20 3.5 0.62 2.3 2.84 6.2 0.31 1.0
Defined contribution..................... 0.70 2.2 1.52 2.7 0.46 1.9 0.15 1.0 0.62 1.8 0.52 1.9 0.98 2.2 0.67 2.2
Legally required benefits.................. 2.54 7.9 3.73 6.6 1.86 7.7 1.59 10.6 3.37 9.9 2.56 9.5 3.59 7.9 2.44 7.9
Social Security and Medicare............. 1.85 5.8 3.17 5.6 1.43 6.0 0.99 6.6 1.96 5.7 1.51 5.6 2.31 5.0 1.81 5.9
Social Security(4)..................... 1.48 4.6 2.50 4.4 1.15 4.8 0.80 5.3 1.59 4.7 1.22 4.5 1.84 4.0 1.45 4.7
Medicare............................... 0.37 1.2 0.67 1.2 0.28 1.2 0.19 1.2 0.37 1.1 0.29 1.1 0.46 1.0 0.36 1.2
Federal unemployment insurance........... 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.05 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1
State unemployment insurance............. 0.20 0.6 0.21 0.4 0.18 0.7 0.17 1.2 0.27 0.8 0.20 0.7 0.25 0.6 0.19 0.6
Workers' compensation.................... 0.45 1.4 0.32 0.6 0.22 0.9 0.38 2.5 1.11 3.3 0.81 3.0 1.00 2.2 0.40 1.3
1 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
3 Less than .05 percent.
4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
Table 6. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by major industry group, March 2016
Goods-producing(1) Service-providing(2)
All Trade, Professional Education Leisure
Compensation All goods- Construction Manufacturing service- transportation, Information Financial and and and Other services
component producing(1) providing(2) and activities business health hospitality
utilities services services
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation............................. $38.36 100.0 $36.98 100.0 $38.79 100.0 $30.78 100.0 $26.39 100.0 $53.35 100.0 $45.92 100.0 $39.35 100.0 $33.27 100.0 $13.99 100.0 $26.12 100.0
Wages and salaries........................... 25.45 66.3 25.83 69.8 25.19 64.9 21.70 70.5 18.49 70.1 34.96 65.5 30.29 65.9 28.17 71.6 23.47 70.5 10.91 78.0 18.87 72.2
Total benefits............................... 12.92 33.7 11.15 30.2 13.60 35.1 9.08 29.5 7.90 29.9 18.39 34.5 15.64 34.1 11.18 28.4 9.80 29.5 3.09 22.0 7.25 27.8
Paid leave................................. 2.49 6.5 1.57 4.2 2.93 7.6 2.14 7.0 1.65 6.3 4.90 9.2 3.89 8.5 2.75 7.0 2.57 7.7 0.44 3.1 1.58 6.1
Vacation................................. 1.29 3.4 0.83 2.2 1.50 3.9 1.11 3.6 0.88 3.3 2.54 4.8 2.01 4.4 1.44 3.7 1.30 3.9 0.23 1.6 0.76 2.9
Holiday.................................. 0.87 2.3 0.55 1.5 1.02 2.6 0.63 2.0 0.48 1.8 1.24 2.3 1.12 2.4 0.83 2.1 0.75 2.3 0.12 0.9 0.53 2.0
Sick..................................... 0.25 0.6 0.12 0.3 0.31 0.8 0.27 0.9 0.21 0.8 0.56 1.0 0.51 1.1 0.31 0.8 0.36 1.1 0.05 0.4 0.20 0.8
Personal................................. 0.09 0.2 0.07 0.2 0.10 0.3 0.14 0.4 0.08 0.3 0.57 1.1 0.24 0.5 0.17 0.4 0.16 0.5 0.03 0.2 0.10 0.4
Supplemental pay........................... 1.50 3.9 0.96 2.6 1.67 4.3 1.09 3.6 0.71 2.7 2.27 4.3 3.31 7.2 2.03 5.1 0.63 1.9 0.15 1.1 0.35 1.3
Overtime and premium(3).................. 0.56 1.5 0.59 1.6 0.53 1.4 0.21 0.7 0.27 1.0 0.27 0.5 0.18 0.4 0.27 0.7 0.18 0.6 0.07 0.5 0.14 0.5
Shift differentials...................... 0.08 0.2 (4) (5) 0.12 0.3 0.05 0.2 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1 (4) (5) (4) (5) 0.18 0.6 (4) (5) 0.02 0.1
Nonproduction bonuses.................... 0.85 2.2 0.36 1.0 1.02 2.6 0.84 2.7 0.42 1.6 1.97 3.7 3.12 6.8 1.75 4.4 0.26 0.8 0.07 0.5 0.19 0.7
Insurance.................................. 3.59 9.3 2.84 7.7 3.93 10.1 2.39 7.8 2.26 8.6 5.18 9.7 3.82 8.3 2.35 6.0 2.92 8.8 0.78 5.6 2.04 7.8
Life..................................... 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.07 0.1 0.06 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.04 0.1 (4) (5) 0.03 0.1
Health................................... 3.39 8.8 2.72 7.4 3.71 9.6 2.25 7.3 2.14 8.1 4.76 8.9 3.57 7.8 2.19 5.6 2.78 8.4 0.75 5.4 1.95 7.5
Short-term disability.................... 0.08 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.09 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.26 0.5 0.13 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.05 0.1 (4) (5) 0.03 0.1
Long-term disability..................... 0.06 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.06 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2 (4) (5) 0.02 0.1
Retirement and savings..................... 2.08 5.4 1.90 5.1 2.12 5.5 1.06 3.4 1.03 3.9 2.51 4.7 1.71 3.7 1.16 3.0 1.18 3.5 0.23 1.7 1.09 4.2
Defined benefit.......................... 1.15 3.0 1.19 3.2 1.10 2.8 0.41 1.3 0.48 1.8 1.06 2.0 0.45 1.0 0.44 1.1 0.37 1.1 0.11 0.8 0.57 2.2
Defined contribution..................... 0.94 2.4 0.70 1.9 1.02 2.6 0.65 2.1 0.55 2.1 1.46 2.7 1.25 2.7 0.72 1.8 0.81 2.4 0.12 0.9 0.51 2.0
Legally required benefits.................. 3.26 8.5 3.89 10.5 2.94 7.6 2.40 7.8 2.25 8.5 3.53 6.6 2.91 6.3 2.90 7.4 2.49 7.5 1.49 10.6 2.19 8.4
Social Security and Medicare............. 2.15 5.6 2.13 5.8 2.16 5.6 1.79 5.8 1.52 5.8 2.99 5.6 2.48 5.4 2.24 5.7 1.97 5.9 0.96 6.9 1.56 6.0
Social Security(6)..................... 1.73 4.5 1.72 4.7 1.73 4.5 1.43 4.6 1.22 4.6 2.39 4.5 1.94 4.2 1.77 4.5 1.59 4.8 0.78 5.6 1.26 4.8
Medicare............................... 0.42 1.1 0.41 1.1 0.43 1.1 0.36 1.2 0.30 1.1 0.60 1.1 0.54 1.2 0.47 1.2 0.39 1.2 0.18 1.3 0.30 1.2
Federal unemployment insurance........... 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.05 0.4 0.03 0.1
State unemployment insurance............. 0.25 0.6 0.35 0.9 0.21 0.5 0.19 0.6 0.16 0.6 0.21 0.4 0.19 0.4 0.23 0.6 0.18 0.5 0.16 1.2 0.18 0.7
Workers' compensation.................... 0.82 2.1 1.38 3.7 0.55 1.4 0.38 1.2 0.53 2.0 0.30 0.6 0.21 0.5 0.39 1.0 0.31 0.9 0.31 2.2 0.41 1.6
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste
services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
3 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
4 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
5 Less than .05 percent.
6 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by census region and division, March 2016
Census region and division(1)
Northeast Northeast divisions South South divisions Midwest Midwest divisions West West divisions
Compensation
component
New England Middle Atlantic South Atlantic East South Central West South Central East North Central West North Central Mountain Pacific
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation............................. $39.06 100.0 $39.26 100.0 $38.99 100.0 $29.48 100.0 $30.36 100.0 $25.12 100.0 $30.11 100.0 29.40 100.0 29.51 100.0 29.18 100.0 33.13 100.0 29.11 100.0 35.07 100.0
Wages and salaries........................... 26.18 67.0 27.81 70.8 25.62 65.7 20.90 70.9 21.42 70.5 17.66 70.3 21.60 71.7 20.40 69.4 20.44 69.3 20.31 69.6 23.43 70.7 21.11 72.5 24.55 70.0
Total benefits............................... 12.88 33.0 11.45 29.2 13.37 34.3 8.58 29.1 8.94 29.5 7.45 29.7 8.51 28.3 9.00 30.6 9.06 30.7 8.87 30.4 9.70 29.3 7.99 27.5 10.52 30.0
Paid leave................................. 2.84 7.3 2.81 7.2 2.85 7.3 2.00 6.8 2.17 7.2 1.63 6.5 1.89 6.3 2.00 6.8 2.01 6.8 2.00 6.9 2.20 6.7 1.82 6.3 2.39 6.8
Vacation................................. 1.45 3.7 1.47 3.7 1.45 3.7 1.02 3.5 1.12 3.7 0.84 3.4 0.95 3.2 1.09 3.7 1.09 3.7 1.09 3.7 1.12 3.4 0.95 3.3 1.20 3.4
Holiday.................................. 0.83 2.1 0.83 2.1 0.83 2.1 0.61 2.1 0.64 2.1 0.54 2.2 0.60 2.0 0.60 2.0 0.60 2.0 0.59 2.0 0.69 2.1 0.55 1.9 0.76 2.2
Sick..................................... 0.37 0.9 0.34 0.9 0.37 1.0 0.24 0.8 0.27 0.9 0.17 0.7 0.22 0.7 0.21 0.7 0.21 0.7 0.22 0.8 0.29 0.9 0.21 0.7 0.32 0.9
Personal................................. 0.19 0.5 0.17 0.4 0.20 0.5 0.13 0.4 0.15 0.5 0.08 0.3 0.12 0.4 0.10 0.4 0.10 0.4 0.10 0.4 0.11 0.3 0.11 0.4 0.10 0.3
Supplemental pay........................... 2.41 6.2 1.06 2.7 2.89 7.4 0.93 3.1 0.83 2.7 0.71 2.8 1.19 4.0 0.83 2.8 0.85 2.9 0.79 2.7 0.85 2.6 0.73 2.5 0.91 2.6
Overtime and premium(2).................. 0.24 0.6 0.24 0.6 0.24 0.6 0.31 1.1 0.25 0.8 0.30 1.2 0.43 1.4 0.26 0.9 0.28 0.9 0.23 0.8 0.22 0.7 0.20 0.7 0.22 0.6
Shift differentials...................... 0.07 0.2 0.08 0.2 0.07 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.08 0.3 0.04 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.07 0.2 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1
Nonproduction bonuses.................... 2.10 5.4 0.74 1.9 2.57 6.6 0.55 1.9 0.51 1.7 0.37 1.5 0.71 2.4 0.50 1.7 0.51 1.7 0.49 1.7 0.60 1.8 0.49 1.7 0.65 1.8
Insurance.................................. 3.19 8.2 3.20 8.1 3.19 8.2 2.27 7.7 2.40 7.9 2.28 9.1 2.05 6.8 2.65 9.0 2.69 9.1 2.57 8.8 2.52 7.6 2.12 7.3 2.71 7.7
Life..................................... 0.05 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1
Health................................... 3.00 7.7 3.01 7.7 3.00 7.7 2.13 7.2 2.24 7.4 2.16 8.6 1.93 6.4 2.50 8.5 2.54 8.6 2.42 8.3 2.41 7.3 2.01 6.9 2.61 7.4
Short-term disability.................... 0.09 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.10 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1
Long-term disability..................... 0.05 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.05 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1
Retirement and savings..................... 1.41 3.6 1.49 3.8 1.38 3.5 1.13 3.8 1.24 4.1 0.88 3.5 1.07 3.5 1.14 3.9 1.11 3.8 1.20 4.1 1.34 4.0 0.97 3.3 1.52 4.3
Defined benefit.......................... 0.61 1.6 0.59 1.5 0.62 1.6 0.49 1.7 0.55 1.8 0.38 1.5 0.44 1.5 0.43 1.5 0.47 1.6 0.34 1.2 0.64 1.9 0.29 1.0 0.80 2.3
Defined contribution..................... 0.79 2.0 0.90 2.3 0.75 1.9 0.64 2.2 0.69 2.3 0.49 2.0 0.63 2.1 0.71 2.4 0.64 2.2 0.86 2.9 0.70 2.1 0.68 2.3 0.72 2.0
Legally required benefits.................. 3.02 7.7 2.89 7.4 3.06 7.9 2.25 7.6 2.30 7.6 1.95 7.8 2.30 7.6 2.37 8.1 2.40 8.1 2.31 7.9 2.79 8.4 2.35 8.1 3.00 8.5
Social Security and Medicare............. 2.14 5.5 2.19 5.6 2.12 5.4 1.74 5.9 1.79 5.9 1.50 6.0 1.77 5.9 1.74 5.9 1.74 5.9 1.75 6.0 1.92 5.8 1.76 6.0 2.00 5.7
Social Security(3)..................... 1.68 4.3 1.73 4.4 1.66 4.3 1.39 4.7 1.43 4.7 1.21 4.8 1.42 4.7 1.40 4.8 1.40 4.7 1.41 4.8 1.54 4.6 1.41 4.9 1.59 4.5
Medicare............................... 0.46 1.2 0.46 1.2 0.46 1.2 0.34 1.2 0.35 1.2 0.29 1.1 0.36 1.2 0.34 1.1 0.34 1.1 0.34 1.2 0.38 1.2 0.34 1.2 0.40 1.2
Federal unemployment insurance........... 0.03 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.03 0.1 0.08 0.2
State unemployment insurance............. 0.31 0.8 0.27 0.7 0.33 0.8 0.12 0.4 0.13 0.4 0.10 0.4 0.12 0.4 0.19 0.6 0.21 0.7 0.15 0.5 0.22 0.7 0.18 0.6 0.24 0.7
Workers' compensation.................... 0.54 1.4 0.39 1.0 0.59 1.5 0.36 1.2 0.36 1.2 0.33 1.3 0.38 1.3 0.40 1.4 0.41 1.4 0.39 1.3 0.59 1.8 0.39 1.3 0.68 1.9
1 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
2 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
3 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
Table 8. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by establishment employment
size, March 2016
1-99 workers 100 workers or more
Compensation
component 1-99 workers 1-49 workers 50-99 workers 100 workers or more 100-499 workers 500 workers or more
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation............................. $27.04 100.0 $26.62 100.0 $28.35 100.0 $38.14 100.0 $32.62 100.0 $46.85 100.0
Wages and salaries........................... 19.64 72.6 19.57 73.5 19.85 70.0 25.59 67.1 22.55 69.1 30.39 64.9
Total benefits............................... 7.40 27.4 7.05 26.5 8.50 30.0 12.55 32.9 10.07 30.9 16.46 35.1
Paid leave................................. 1.55 5.7 1.49 5.6 1.73 6.1 3.00 7.9 2.35 7.2 4.01 8.6
Vacation................................. 0.80 2.9 0.76 2.8 0.91 3.2 1.56 4.1 1.23 3.8 2.08 4.4
Holiday.................................. 0.49 1.8 0.48 1.8 0.54 1.9 0.88 2.3 0.70 2.2 1.15 2.4
Sick..................................... 0.18 0.7 0.18 0.7 0.19 0.7 0.37 1.0 0.26 0.8 0.54 1.2
Personal................................. 0.08 0.3 0.08 0.3 0.09 0.3 0.19 0.5 0.16 0.5 0.24 0.5
Supplemental pay........................... 1.01 3.7 0.93 3.5 1.28 4.5 1.34 3.5 1.01 3.1 1.87 4.0
Overtime and premium(1).................. 0.18 0.7 0.16 0.6 0.25 0.9 0.37 1.0 0.36 1.1 0.39 0.8
Shift differentials...................... (2) (3) (2) (3) 0.03 0.1 0.11 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.19 0.4
Nonproduction bonuses.................... 0.82 3.0 0.76 2.9 1.00 3.5 0.86 2.3 0.59 1.8 1.29 2.8
Insurance.................................. 1.81 6.7 1.69 6.3 2.18 7.7 3.54 9.3 2.89 8.8 4.56 9.7
Life..................................... 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.07 0.1
Health................................... 1.72 6.4 1.61 6.0 2.06 7.3 3.32 8.7 2.72 8.3 4.27 9.1
Short-term disability.................... 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.09 0.2 0.07 0.2 0.12 0.3
Long-term disability..................... 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.05 0.1 0.10 0.2
Retirement and savings..................... 0.71 2.6 0.63 2.3 0.97 3.4 1.87 4.9 1.26 3.9 2.81 6.0
Defined benefit.......................... 0.26 1.0 0.20 0.8 0.44 1.6 0.86 2.2 0.53 1.6 1.37 2.9
Defined contribution..................... 0.45 1.6 0.42 1.6 0.52 1.9 1.01 2.6 0.73 2.2 1.44 3.1
Legally required benefits.................. 2.32 8.6 2.31 8.7 2.35 8.3 2.81 7.4 2.55 7.8 3.21 6.8
Social Security and Medicare............. 1.61 6.0 1.60 6.0 1.65 5.8 2.15 5.6 1.88 5.8 2.58 5.5
Social Security(4)..................... 1.29 4.8 1.28 4.8 1.31 4.6 1.72 4.5 1.50 4.6 2.06 4.4
Medicare............................... 0.32 1.2 0.32 1.2 0.33 1.2 0.43 1.1 0.37 1.1 0.52 1.1
Federal unemployment insurance........... 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1
State unemployment insurance............. 0.20 0.7 0.20 0.8 0.19 0.7 0.19 0.5 0.21 0.6 0.17 0.4
Workers' compensation.................... 0.47 1.8 0.47 1.8 0.47 1.7 0.43 1.1 0.43 1.3 0.43 0.9
1 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule.
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
3 Less than .05 percent.
4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
Table 9. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private
industry workers, goods-producing and service-providing industries, by occupational group, March 2016
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
All workers in private industry...................... $32.06 $22.33 $9.73 $2.20 $1.16 $2.59 $1.23 $2.54
Management, professional, and related.......... 56.63 39.02 17.61 4.73 2.62 4.08 2.45 3.73
Management, business, and financial.......... 68.89 46.25 22.64 6.06 4.95 4.49 2.93 4.20
Professional and related..................... 50.18 35.21 14.96 4.03 1.39 3.87 2.19 3.49
Sales and office............................... 24.05 17.23 6.82 1.54 0.60 2.14 0.68 1.86
Sales and related............................ 23.84 17.91 5.94 1.37 0.60 1.54 0.58 1.84
Office and administrative support............ 24.19 16.78 7.41 1.65 0.60 2.54 0.75 1.88
Service........................................ 14.99 11.39 3.60 0.58 0.24 0.92 0.26 1.59
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................... 34.16 23.14 11.02 1.73 1.05 3.05 1.82 3.37
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,
and forestry(1)............................. 35.08 23.75 11.33 1.30 0.96 2.94 2.25 3.89
Installation, maintenance, and repair........ 33.32 22.58 10.74 2.12 1.13 3.14 1.43 2.91
Production, transportation, and material moving 26.99 17.80 9.19 1.61 1.00 2.88 1.15 2.56
Production................................... 26.35 17.54 8.80 1.60 1.15 2.80 0.89 2.35
Transportation and material moving........... 27.61 18.05 9.57 1.61 0.85 2.96 1.39 2.75
All workers, goods-producing industries(2)....... 38.36 25.45 12.92 2.49 1.50 3.59 2.08 3.26
Management, professional, and related.......... 68.67 45.77 22.90 5.92 2.58 5.15 4.82 4.43
Sales and office............................... 33.02 22.74 10.28 2.30 1.01 3.20 1.19 2.58
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................... 36.22 24.17 12.05 1.49 1.20 3.26 2.23 3.87
Production, transportation, and material moving 28.02 18.19 9.84 1.70 1.34 3.25 1.02 2.52
All workers, service-providing industries(3)..... 30.78 21.70 9.08 2.14 1.09 2.39 1.06 2.40
Management, professional, and related.......... 54.99 38.10 16.89 4.57 2.62 3.94 2.12 3.64
Sales and office............................... 23.47 16.88 6.59 1.49 0.57 2.07 0.65 1.82
Service........................................ 14.95 11.37 3.58 0.57 0.24 0.92 0.26 1.58
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................... 31.59 21.85 9.74 2.03 0.86 2.78 1.31 2.76
Production, transportation, and material moving 26.20 17.51 8.70 1.53 0.74 2.60 1.24 2.58
Percent of total compensation
All workers in private industry...................... 100.0 69.7 30.3 6.9 3.6 8.1 3.8 7.9
Management, professional, and related.......... 100.0 68.9 31.1 8.4 4.6 7.2 4.3 6.6
Management, business, and financial.......... 100.0 67.1 32.9 8.8 7.2 6.5 4.2 6.1
Professional and related..................... 100.0 70.2 29.8 8.0 2.8 7.7 4.4 6.9
Sales and office............................... 100.0 71.7 28.3 6.4 2.5 8.9 2.8 7.7
Sales and related............................ 100.0 75.1 24.9 5.8 2.5 6.5 2.4 7.7
Office and administrative support............ 100.0 69.4 30.6 6.8 2.5 10.5 3.1 7.8
Service........................................ 100.0 76.0 24.0 3.9 1.6 6.2 1.8 10.6
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................... 100.0 67.7 32.3 5.1 3.1 8.9 5.3 9.9
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,
and forestry(1)............................. 100.0 67.7 32.3 3.7 2.7 8.4 6.4 11.1
Installation, maintenance, and repair........ 100.0 67.8 32.2 6.4 3.4 9.4 4.3 8.7
Production, transportation, and material moving 100.0 66.0 34.0 5.9 3.7 10.7 4.2 9.5
Production................................... 100.0 66.6 33.4 6.1 4.4 10.6 3.4 8.9
Transportation and material moving........... 100.0 65.4 34.6 5.8 3.1 10.7 5.0 10.0
All workers, goods-producing industries(2)....... 100.0 66.3 33.7 6.5 3.9 9.3 5.4 8.5
Management, professional, and related.......... 100.0 66.6 33.4 8.6 3.8 7.5 7.0 6.5
Sales and office............................... 100.0 68.9 31.1 7.0 3.1 9.7 3.6 7.8
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................... 100.0 66.7 33.3 4.1 3.3 9.0 6.2 10.7
Production, transportation, and material moving 100.0 64.9 35.1 6.1 4.8 11.6 3.6 9.0
All workers, service-providing industries(3)..... 100.0 70.5 29.5 7.0 3.6 7.8 3.4 7.8
Management, professional, and related.......... 100.0 69.3 30.7 8.3 4.8 7.2 3.9 6.6
Sales and office............................... 100.0 71.9 28.1 6.3 2.4 8.8 2.8 7.7
Service........................................ 100.0 76.1 23.9 3.8 1.6 6.2 1.7 10.6
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................... 100.0 69.2 30.8 6.4 2.7 8.8 4.1 8.7
Production, transportation, and material moving 100.0 66.8 33.2 5.8 2.8 9.9 4.7 9.8
1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of
December 2006.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance;
real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises;
administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and
recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
Table 10. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private
industry workers, by industry group, March 2016
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
All workers, goods-producing industries(1)....... $38.36 $25.45 $12.92 $2.49 $1.50 $3.59 $2.08 $3.26
Construction................................... 36.98 25.83 11.15 1.57 0.96 2.84 1.90 3.89
Manufacturing.................................. 38.79 25.19 13.60 2.93 1.67 3.93 2.12 2.94
Aircraft manufacturing(2).................... 70.61 42.57 28.04 6.28 3.78 7.38 6.27 4.33
All workers, service-providing industries(3)..... 30.78 21.70 9.08 2.14 1.09 2.39 1.06 2.40
Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 26.39 18.49 7.90 1.65 0.71 2.26 1.03 2.25
Wholesale trade.............................. 35.38 25.03 10.35 2.54 1.07 2.86 1.11 2.76
Retail trade................................. 18.16 13.67 4.48 0.86 0.38 1.25 0.38 1.61
Transportation and warehousing............... 38.58 24.51 14.07 2.74 1.19 4.30 2.34 3.49
Utilities.................................... 60.09 35.98 24.10 5.18 2.19 6.22 6.27 4.25
Information.................................... 53.35 34.96 18.39 4.90 2.27 5.18 2.51 3.53
Financial activities........................... 45.92 30.29 15.64 3.89 3.31 3.82 1.71 2.91
Finance and insurance........................ 50.99 33.03 17.96 4.51 4.09 4.25 2.05 3.05
Credit intermediation and related
activities................................ 40.26 26.97 13.29 3.59 1.75 3.80 1.52 2.63
Insurance carriers and related activities.. 46.70 31.00 15.71 4.10 2.07 4.26 2.28 3.00
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 30.08 21.70 8.39 1.96 0.86 2.45 0.64 2.47
Professional and business services............. 39.35 28.17 11.18 2.75 2.03 2.35 1.16 2.90
Professional and technical services.......... 49.62 35.79 13.83 4.08 1.31 3.33 1.70 3.41
Administrative and waste services............ 23.06 17.95 5.11 0.94 0.59 1.07 0.30 2.21
Education and health services.................. 33.27 23.47 9.80 2.57 0.63 2.92 1.18 2.49
Educational services......................... 43.37 31.36 12.02 3.12 0.23 3.62 1.97 3.09
Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 52.47 36.80 15.67 4.32 0.31 4.73 2.84 3.46
Health care and social assistance............ 31.60 22.17 9.43 2.48 0.70 2.81 1.05 2.39
Leisure and hospitality........................ 13.99 10.91 3.09 0.44 0.15 0.78 0.23 1.49
Accommodation and food services.............. 12.48 9.85 2.62 0.32 0.14 0.65 0.15 1.37
Other services................................. 26.12 18.87 7.25 1.58 0.35 2.04 1.09 2.19
Percent of total compensation
All workers, goods-producing industries(1)....... 100.0 66.3 33.7 6.5 3.9 9.3 5.4 8.5
Construction................................... 100.0 69.8 30.2 4.2 2.6 7.7 5.1 10.5
Manufacturing.................................. 100.0 64.9 35.1 7.6 4.3 10.1 5.5 7.6
Aircraft manufacturing(2).................... 100.0 60.3 39.7 8.9 5.4 10.5 8.9 6.1
All workers, service-providing industries(3)..... 100.0 70.5 29.5 7.0 3.6 7.8 3.4 7.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 100.0 70.1 29.9 6.3 2.7 8.6 3.9 8.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 100.0 70.8 29.2 7.2 3.0 8.1 3.1 7.8
Retail trade................................. 100.0 75.3 24.7 4.8 2.1 6.9 2.1 8.9
Transportation and warehousing............... 100.0 63.5 36.5 7.1 3.1 11.2 6.1 9.0
Utilities.................................... 100.0 59.9 40.1 8.6 3.6 10.3 10.4 7.1
Information.................................... 100.0 65.5 34.5 9.2 4.3 9.7 4.7 6.6
Financial activities........................... 100.0 65.9 34.1 8.5 7.2 8.3 3.7 6.3
Finance and insurance........................ 100.0 64.8 35.2 8.8 8.0 8.3 4.0 6.0
Credit intermediation and related
activities................................ 100.0 67.0 33.0 8.9 4.3 9.4 3.8 6.5
Insurance carriers and related activities.. 100.0 66.4 33.6 8.8 4.4 9.1 4.9 6.4
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 100.0 72.1 27.9 6.5 2.9 8.2 2.1 8.2
Professional and business services............. 100.0 71.6 28.4 7.0 5.1 6.0 3.0 7.4
Professional and technical services.......... 100.0 72.1 27.9 8.2 2.6 6.7 3.4 6.9
Administrative and waste services............ 100.0 77.8 22.2 4.1 2.6 4.7 1.3 9.6
Education and health services.................. 100.0 70.5 29.5 7.7 1.9 8.8 3.5 7.5
Educational services......................... 100.0 72.3 27.7 7.2 0.5 8.3 4.5 7.1
Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100.0 70.1 29.9 8.2 0.6 9.0 5.4 6.6
Health care and social assistance............ 100.0 70.2 29.8 7.9 2.2 8.9 3.3 7.6
Leisure and hospitality........................ 100.0 78.0 22.0 3.1 1.1 5.6 1.7 10.6
Accommodation and food services.............. 100.0 79.0 21.0 2.6 1.1 5.2 1.2 11.0
Other services................................. 100.0 72.2 27.8 6.1 1.3 7.8 4.2 8.4
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded.
2 Data are available beginning with December 2006.
3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance;
real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises;
administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and
recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
Table 11. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private
industry workers, by occupational group and full-time and part-time status, March 2016
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
All full-time workers in private industry.......... $37.73 $25.66 $12.06 $2.85 $1.50 $3.30 $1.57 $2.84
Management, professional, and related.......... 59.05 40.08 18.97 5.17 2.86 4.46 2.68 3.80
Management, business, and financial.......... 69.49 46.53 22.95 6.15 5.05 4.56 2.98 4.22
Professional and related..................... 52.46 36.00 16.46 4.55 1.48 4.40 2.49 3.54
Sales and office............................... 28.80 20.09 8.71 2.09 0.80 2.82 0.90 2.10
Sales and related............................ 34.20 24.93 9.27 2.40 1.01 2.49 0.96 2.40
Office and administrative support............ 26.38 17.92 8.46 1.95 0.71 2.96 0.87 1.96
Service........................................ 18.53 13.18 5.35 1.05 0.41 1.68 0.46 1.76
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................... 35.02 23.52 11.50 1.83 1.11 3.22 1.91 3.42
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,
and forestry(1)............................. 36.02 24.17 11.85 1.39 1.03 3.12 2.37 3.94
Installation, maintenance, and repair........ 34.14 22.95 11.18 2.23 1.18 3.31 1.51 2.96
Production, transportation, and material moving 29.05 19.00 10.05 1.84 1.16 3.21 1.21 2.64
Production................................... 27.45 18.08 9.38 1.72 1.24 3.04 0.97 2.40
Transportation and material moving........... 30.98 20.11 10.87 1.99 1.05 3.41 1.49 2.93
All part-time workers in private industry.......... 16.89 13.42 3.47 0.47 0.26 0.69 0.32 1.75
Management, professional, and related.......... 40.07 31.77 8.30 1.73 0.96 1.50 0.84 3.27
Professional and related..................... 39.97 31.67 8.29 1.71 0.99 1.49 0.85 3.25
Sales and office............................... 13.99 11.19 2.80 0.36 0.18 0.69 0.22 1.36
Sales and related............................ 12.62 10.29 2.33 0.25 0.17 0.51 0.16 1.24
Office and administrative support............ 16.09 12.57 3.52 0.52 0.19 0.96 0.31 1.55
Service........................................ 11.99 9.87 2.12 0.18 0.11 0.29 0.10 1.44
Production, transportation, and material moving 17.32 12.18 5.14 0.50 0.27 1.35 0.86 2.16
Transportation and material moving........... 18.21 12.28 5.93 0.57 0.30 1.69 1.10 2.26
Percent of total compensation
All full-time workers in private industry.......... 100.0 68.0 32.0 7.6 4.0 8.8 4.2 7.5
Management, professional, and related.......... 100.0 67.9 32.1 8.8 4.8 7.6 4.5 6.4
Management, business, and financial.......... 100.0 67.0 33.0 8.9 7.3 6.6 4.3 6.1
Professional and related..................... 100.0 68.6 31.4 8.7 2.8 8.4 4.8 6.7
Sales and office............................... 100.0 69.7 30.3 7.3 2.8 9.8 3.1 7.3
Sales and related............................ 100.0 72.9 27.1 7.0 2.9 7.3 2.8 7.0
Office and administrative support............ 100.0 67.9 32.1 7.4 2.7 11.2 3.3 7.4
Service........................................ 100.0 71.1 28.9 5.7 2.2 9.1 2.5 9.5
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance................................... 100.0 67.2 32.8 5.2 3.2 9.2 5.5 9.8
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,
and forestry(1)............................. 100.0 67.1 32.9 3.9 2.9 8.7 6.6 10.9
Installation, maintenance, and repair........ 100.0 67.2 32.8 6.5 3.5 9.7 4.4 8.7
Production, transportation, and material moving 100.0 65.4 34.6 6.3 4.0 11.0 4.2 9.1
Production................................... 100.0 65.8 34.2 6.3 4.5 11.1 3.5 8.8
Transportation and material moving........... 100.0 64.9 35.1 6.4 3.4 11.0 4.8 9.5
All part-time workers in private industry.......... 100.0 79.4 20.6 2.8 1.5 4.1 1.9 10.3
Management, professional, and related.......... 100.0 79.3 20.7 4.3 2.4 3.7 2.1 8.2
Professional and related..................... 100.0 79.3 20.7 4.3 2.5 3.7 2.1 8.1
Sales and office............................... 100.0 80.0 20.0 2.6 1.3 4.9 1.6 9.7
Sales and related............................ 100.0 81.5 18.5 2.0 1.3 4.0 1.3 9.8
Office and administrative support............ 100.0 78.1 21.9 3.2 1.2 6.0 1.9 9.6
Service........................................ 100.0 82.3 17.7 1.5 0.9 2.4 0.8 12.0
Production, transportation, and material moving 100.0 70.3 29.7 2.9 1.6 7.8 5.0 12.5
Transportation and material moving........... 100.0 67.5 32.5 3.1 1.7 9.3 6.0 12.4
1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of
December 2006.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
Table 12. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
Private industry workers, by industry group and full-time and part-time status, March 2016
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
All full-time workers in private industry.... $37.73 $25.66 $12.06 $2.85 $1.50 $3.30 $1.57 $2.84
Goods-producing(1)......................... 39.00 25.76 13.24 2.57 1.54 3.70 2.15 3.27
Construction............................. 38.16 26.46 11.70 1.68 1.01 3.03 2.03 3.95
Manufacturing............................ 39.17 25.39 13.78 2.97 1.70 3.99 2.16 2.96
Service-providing(2)....................... 37.36 25.63 11.73 2.93 1.49 3.19 1.41 2.71
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 33.40 22.89 10.51 2.39 1.00 3.05 1.38 2.69
Information.............................. 55.86 36.42 19.43 5.19 2.41 5.50 2.67 3.67
Financial activities..................... 48.64 31.90 16.73 4.21 3.61 4.07 1.83 3.02
Professional and business services....... 42.88 30.06 12.83 3.28 2.31 2.80 1.39 3.04
Education and health services............ 35.90 24.65 11.25 3.05 0.72 3.54 1.40 2.54
Leisure and hospitality.................. 19.28 13.87 5.41 1.05 0.31 1.78 0.53 1.73
Other services........................... 31.25 22.01 9.24 2.24 0.49 2.76 1.28 2.46
All part-time workers in private industry.... 16.89 13.42 3.47 0.47 0.26 0.69 0.32 1.75
Service-providing(2)....................... 16.76 13.32 3.44 0.47 0.25 0.68 0.32 1.72
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 14.34 10.92 3.42 0.38 0.21 0.90 0.42 1.51
Professional and business services....... 23.31 19.57 3.73 0.35 0.73 0.31 0.11 2.23
Education and health services............ 26.20 20.30 5.90 1.30 0.38 1.27 0.57 2.37
Leisure and hospitality.................. 10.79 9.11 1.68 0.06 0.06 0.17 0.05 1.34
Percent of total compensation
All full-time workers in private industry.... 100.0 68.0 32.0 7.6 4.0 8.8 4.2 7.5
Goods-producing(1)......................... 100.0 66.1 33.9 6.6 3.9 9.5 5.5 8.4
Construction............................. 100.0 69.3 30.7 4.4 2.7 7.9 5.3 10.4
Manufacturing............................ 100.0 64.8 35.2 7.6 4.3 10.2 5.5 7.6
Service-providing(2)....................... 100.0 68.6 31.4 7.8 4.0 8.5 3.8 7.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 100.0 68.5 31.5 7.2 3.0 9.1 4.1 8.0
Information.............................. 100.0 65.2 34.8 9.3 4.3 9.8 4.8 6.6
Financial activities..................... 100.0 65.6 34.4 8.7 7.4 8.4 3.8 6.2
Professional and business services....... 100.0 70.1 29.9 7.6 5.4 6.5 3.2 7.1
Education and health services............ 100.0 68.7 31.3 8.5 2.0 9.9 3.9 7.1
Leisure and hospitality.................. 100.0 72.0 28.0 5.5 1.6 9.2 2.8 9.0
Other services........................... 100.0 70.4 29.6 7.2 1.6 8.8 4.1 7.9
All part-time workers in private industry.... 100.0 79.4 20.6 2.8 1.5 4.1 1.9 10.3
Service-providing(2)....................... 100.0 79.5 20.5 2.8 1.5 4.1 1.9 10.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 100.0 76.2 23.8 2.6 1.5 6.3 2.9 10.6
Professional and business services....... 100.0 84.0 16.0 1.5 3.1 1.3 0.5 9.6
Education and health services............ 100.0 77.5 22.5 5.0 1.5 4.9 2.2 9.1
Leisure and hospitality.................. 100.0 84.4 15.6 0.6 0.5 1.6 0.5 12.4
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is
excluded.
2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and
insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and
enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts,
entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
Table 13. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
Private industry workers, by major industry group and establishment employment size and bargaining unit status, March
2016
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
All workers, goods-producing industries(1) $38.36 $25.45 $12.92 $2.49 $1.50 $3.59 $2.08 $3.26
1-99 workers............................... 31.90 22.49 9.41 1.55 0.93 2.51 1.19 3.23
1-49 workers............................. 30.70 22.01 8.68 1.40 0.85 2.20 1.02 3.22
50-99 workers............................ 35.28 23.81 11.47 1.98 1.18 3.39 1.65 3.26
100 workers or more........................ 43.91 27.99 15.92 3.30 1.98 4.51 2.85 3.28
100-499 workers.......................... 38.78 25.44 13.34 2.70 1.45 4.10 1.92 3.17
500 workers or more...................... 51.42 31.72 19.70 4.18 2.75 5.10 4.22 3.44
Union...................................... 48.66 28.14 20.52 2.67 1.92 6.69 5.07 4.17
Nonunion................................... 36.39 24.93 11.46 2.46 1.42 2.99 1.51 3.08
All workers, service-providing
industries(2)............................. 30.78 21.70 9.08 2.14 1.09 2.39 1.06 2.40
1-99 workers............................... 26.24 19.17 7.07 1.55 1.02 1.69 0.63 2.17
1-49 workers............................. 25.96 19.18 6.78 1.51 0.94 1.61 0.56 2.17
50-99 workers............................ 27.11 19.14 7.97 1.69 1.29 1.96 0.85 2.18
100 workers or more........................ 36.70 24.99 11.70 2.92 1.19 3.29 1.62 2.69
100-499 workers.......................... 31.13 21.86 9.28 2.27 0.91 2.59 1.11 2.40
500 workers or more...................... 45.64 30.04 15.60 3.96 1.64 4.42 2.44 3.15
Union...................................... 44.44 27.22 17.22 3.37 1.35 5.87 3.28 3.34
Nonunion................................... 29.68 21.25 8.43 2.05 1.07 2.11 0.88 2.32
Percent of total compensation
All workers, goods-producing industries(1) 100.0 66.3 33.7 6.5 3.9 9.3 5.4 8.5
1-99 workers............................... 100.0 70.5 29.5 4.9 2.9 7.9 3.7 10.1
1-49 workers............................. 100.0 71.7 28.3 4.6 2.8 7.2 3.3 10.5
50-99 workers............................ 100.0 67.5 32.5 5.6 3.4 9.6 4.7 9.3
100 workers or more........................ 100.0 63.7 36.3 7.5 4.5 10.3 6.5 7.5
100-499 workers.......................... 100.0 65.6 34.4 7.0 3.7 10.6 4.9 8.2
500 workers or more...................... 100.0 61.7 38.3 8.1 5.4 9.9 8.2 6.7
Union...................................... 100.0 57.8 42.2 5.5 3.9 13.7 10.4 8.6
Nonunion................................... 100.0 68.5 31.5 6.8 3.9 8.2 4.2 8.5
All workers, service-providing
industries(2)............................. 100.0 70.5 29.5 7.0 3.6 7.8 3.4 7.8
1-99 workers............................... 100.0 73.1 26.9 5.9 3.9 6.5 2.4 8.3
1-49 workers............................. 100.0 73.9 26.1 5.8 3.6 6.2 2.2 8.4
50-99 workers............................ 100.0 70.6 29.4 6.2 4.8 7.2 3.1 8.0
100 workers or more........................ 100.0 68.1 31.9 8.0 3.2 9.0 4.4 7.3
100-499 workers.......................... 100.0 70.2 29.8 7.3 2.9 8.3 3.6 7.7
500 workers or more...................... 100.0 65.8 34.2 8.7 3.6 9.7 5.3 6.9
Union...................................... 100.0 61.3 38.7 7.6 3.0 13.2 7.4 7.5
Nonunion................................... 100.0 71.6 28.4 6.9 3.6 7.1 3.0 7.8
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is
excluded.
2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and
insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and
enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts,
entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
Table 14. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
Private industry health care and social assistance workers, by industry and occupational group, March 2016
Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally
sation salaries Total Paid mental Insuran- ment required
leave pay ce and benefits
savings
Cost per hour worked
Health care and social assistance............ $31.60 $22.17 $9.43 $2.48 $0.70 $2.81 $1.05 $2.39
Management, professional, and related.... 44.49 31.04 13.45 3.80 1.02 3.78 1.72 3.13
Registered nurses...................... 52.15 35.04 17.11 4.63 1.69 4.63 2.49 3.67
Sales and office......................... 22.83 15.85 6.98 1.66 0.34 2.67 0.57 1.73
Service.................................. 18.49 13.29 5.20 1.10 0.44 1.59 0.37 1.70
Hospitals.................................. 44.19 29.03 15.16 4.09 1.48 4.53 2.01 3.04
Management, professional, and related.... 53.32 35.30 18.02 5.14 1.76 5.00 2.52 3.61
Registered nurses...................... 55.92 36.65 19.27 5.27 2.15 5.26 2.76 3.83
Service.................................. 23.47 14.96 8.52 1.66 1.06 3.10 0.89 1.81
Nursing and residential care facilities.... 22.44 16.11 6.33 1.51 0.50 1.99 0.35 1.98
Management, professional, and related.... 34.47 25.11 9.36 2.48 0.71 2.75 0.67 2.75
Service.................................. 16.92 12.03 4.89 1.04 0.42 1.58 0.21 1.64
Nursing care facilities(1)............... 25.14 17.94 7.20 1.73 0.61 2.24 0.49 2.12
Management, professional, and related.... 38.67 28.12 10.54 2.82 0.86 2.99 0.86 3.02
Service.................................. 18.14 12.71 5.43 1.15 0.50 1.81 0.31 1.66
Percent of total compensation
Health care and social assistance............ 100.0 70.2 29.8 7.9 2.2 8.9 3.3 7.6
Management, professional, and related.... 100.0 69.8 30.2 8.5 2.3 8.5 3.9 7.0
Registered nurses...................... 100.0 67.2 32.8 8.9 3.2 8.9 4.8 7.0
Sales and office......................... 100.0 69.4 30.6 7.3 1.5 11.7 2.5 7.6
Service.................................. 100.0 71.9 28.1 6.0 2.4 8.6 2.0 9.2
Hospitals.................................. 100.0 65.7 34.3 9.3 3.4 10.3 4.6 6.9
Management, professional, and related.... 100.0 66.2 33.8 9.6 3.3 9.4 4.7 6.8
Registered nurses...................... 100.0 65.5 34.5 9.4 3.8 9.4 4.9 6.9
Service.................................. 100.0 63.7 36.3 7.1 4.5 13.2 3.8 7.7
Nursing and residential care facilities.... 100.0 71.8 28.2 6.7 2.2 8.8 1.6 8.8
Management, professional, and related.... 100.0 72.8 27.2 7.2 2.1 8.0 1.9 8.0
Service.................................. 100.0 71.1 28.9 6.1 2.5 9.3 1.3 9.7
Nursing care facilities(1)............... 100.0 71.4 28.6 6.9 2.4 8.9 2.0 8.4
Management, professional, and related.... 100.0 72.7 27.3 7.3 2.2 7.7 2.2 7.8
Service.................................. 100.0 70.1 29.9 6.3 2.8 10.0 1.7 9.1
1 Data are available beginning with December 2006.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
Table 15. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total
compensation: Private industry workers, by census region and selected metropolitan area,(1) March
2016
Total Wages and Total benefits
compensation salaries
Census region and metropolitan area
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Northeast
Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH CSA......... $42.37 100.0 $29.62 69.9 $12.76 30.1
New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA.... 42.04 100.0 27.99 66.6 14.06 33.4
Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA.. 34.48 100.0 23.82 69.1 10.66 30.9
South
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, GA-AL CSA... 33.89 100.0 23.70 69.9 10.19 30.1
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX CSA...................... 29.89 100.0 21.75 72.8 8.14 27.2
Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX CSA............. 35.22 100.0 24.57 69.8 10.65 30.2
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL MSA.... 28.34 100.0 20.57 72.6 7.77 27.4
Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia,
DC-MD-VA-WV CSA............................... 38.22 100.0 26.79 70.1 11.43 29.9
Midwest
Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI CSA 34.86 100.0 24.21 69.4 10.66 30.6
Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI CSA................... 33.11 100.0 22.71 68.6 10.40 31.4
Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI CSA...... 35.08 100.0 24.85 70.8 10.23 29.2
West
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA CSA....... 34.50 100.0 24.43 70.8 10.08 29.2
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA................ 29.90 100.0 21.54 72.0 8.36 28.0
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA......... 50.66 100.0 35.28 69.6 15.38 30.4
Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA CSA................. 37.84 100.0 26.38 69.7 11.46 30.3
1 The Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) are defined
by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 2003 area definitions. For more information on the area
definitions, visit http://www.census.gov/population/metro/data/pastmetro.html.
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
United States Department of Labor
